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Journal articles on the topic 'Institute of Environmental Toxicology'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Derosa, Christopher T., Yee-Wan Stevens, Jewell D. Wilson, Adedamola A. Ademoyero, Sharunda D. Buchanan, William Cibulas, Penny J. Duerksen-Hughes, et al. "The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's Role in Development and Application of Biomarkers in Public Health Practice." Toxicology and Industrial Health 9, no. 6 (November 1993): 979–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823379300900601.

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717 An overview of the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's (ATSDR) biomarker program is presented in the context of the paradigm for biomarkers developed by the National Research Council (NRC, 1987, 1991). The status and projected utility of four biomarker studies conducted by NRC and sponsored by ATSDR, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) are discussed. These studies include a review of relevant research on biomarkers for specific toxicologic end points, including reproductive toxicology, pulmonary toxicology, neurotoxicology, and immunotoxicology. Also, the scope of related research on exposure characterization being conducted by the ATSDR-sponsored research program at Rutgers University is reviewed. The potential impact of biomarkers on public health assessments and on the range of ATSDR programs is described. Specifically, the role of biomarkers in dose reconstruction, in ATSDR's health studies program, and in the emerging field of molecular epidemiology is reviewed. In addition, future directions and research needs are addressed.

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2

Xu, By Li, and Bin Zhao. "Global environmental health: an interview with Sally Perreault Darney." National Science Review 3, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 459–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nww095.

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Abstract Pollution-induced health problems are of concern across the world. In China, the recent and rapid surge of economic development has been associated with public health problems as well as environmental degradation. We recently spoke with Sally Perreault Darney, Ph.D., the Editor-in-Chief of Environmental Health Perspectives (EHP), the foremost journal about environmental health. Published by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), a part of the US National Institutes of Health, this fully open-access journal publishes peer-reviewed research and commentary, as well news and opinion across the many disciplines that contribute to the field of environmental health, including toxicology, epidemiology, risk assessment and exposure science. We wanted to learn her perspectives on the role that research plays in defining and solving environmental health problems in today's world. Dr. Darney holds a Ph.D. in Biomedical Science and enjoyed a productive research career in the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)'s Office of Research and Development, before joining NIEHS in 2015.

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3

Bennett, Graham. "Institute for European Environmental Policy." Environmental Conservation 22, no. 3 (1995): 277–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037689290001078x.

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4

Mullick, Florabel G. "The center for environmental pathology and toxicology at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology." Human Pathology 28, no. 6 (June 1997): 752–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0046-8177(97)90189-1.

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5

Hine, Deborah. "Summer Institute for Environmental Values Education." Environmental Conservation 19, no. 1 (1992): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900030381.

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6

Eldridge, Sandra R. "RNA Collection, DVDNational Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Toxicology Program, Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, 2006." Toxicologic Pathology 34, no. 6 (October 2006): 811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01926230601034640.

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7

Karube, Zin-ichi, Atsushi Tanaka, Akinori Takeuchi, Yoshikatsu Takazawa, Mai Takagi, Ayako Kinoshita, Haruhiko Seyama, and Yasuyuki Shibata. "Three decades of environmental specimen banking at the National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 22, no. 3 (May 28, 2014): 1587–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3039-9.

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8

Luma, Melo. "Women in toxicology in the United States." Toxicology Research 10, no. 4 (July 30, 2021): 902–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxres/tfab075.

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Abstract Since the toxicology field was established, women have played a critical role in it. This article is written to celebrate the 20-year anniversary of the Special Interest Group for Women in Toxicology, affiliated with the Society of Toxicology. Six female pioneers in modern Toxicology from different social classes and education backgrounds are featured. Despite these differences, they overcame similar obstacles in gender, politics, and scientific barriers to disseminate their research. This discussion will start with Ellen Swallow Richards, who, besides being the pioneer in sanitary engineering, founded the home economics movement that applied science to the home. The discussion will continue with Alice Hamilton, a contributor to occupational health, a pioneer in the field of industrial toxicology, and an example of generosity to social movements and those in need. Subsequently, the most famous woman we discuss in this paper is Rachel Carson, whose fundamental work in environmental Toxicology is evidenced in her important book Silent Spring. This article also features Elizabeth Miller, a biochemist known for her fundamental research in cancer carcinogenesis, followed by Mary Amdur. Nowadays much of what we know about air pollution comes due to Mary, who paid from her own pocket for her experimental animals to investigate Donora smog pollutants and their health damages. And last but not least Elizabeth Weisburger, a chemist who made significant contributions in carcinogenesis and chemotherapy drugs who worked for 40 years at the National Cancer Institute. Here, we discuss the aforementioned women’s careers and personal struggles that transformed toxicology into the field we know now.

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9

Renzoni, Aristeo. "International Institute for Environmental Studies and Disaster Management." Environmental Conservation 16, no. 2 (1989): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900009061.

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10

Wyngaarden, J. B. "The evolution of science at the National Institutes of Health and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences." Environmental Health Perspectives 75 (November 1987): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.87755.

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11

Anger, W. Kent. "Human Neurobehavioral Toxicology Testing: Current Perspectives." Toxicology and Industrial Health 5, no. 2 (April 1989): 165–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823378900500203.

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Standardized tests or test batteries for neurotoxic effects are needed for premarket testing of chemicals (and related regulatory needs) and for the development of a neurotoxicity data base. Three widely known human test batteries based on past research findings and developed to screen for a broad range of neurotoxic effects are currently in use. One was developed by Finland's Institute of Occupational Health, one was recently recommended by the World Health Organization, and one was recently developed as a computer-implemented battery by US researchers. Each of these batteries assesses many frequently occurring neurotoxic effects, but each is limited by the lack of tests for some motor and sensory functions and affective responses that often occur following chemical exposures. Problems with field or worksite assessments using these test batteries involve age, education, socioeconomic, and job differences between exposed and comparison groups, and the lack of normative data on these batteries. To address some of these problems, the human neurobehavioral test batteries are currently undergoing reliability or validity assessments on a national and international scale. This will provide an assessment of their utility and accelerate development of a data base of neurotoxic effects of chemicals.

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12

Kaminski, Norbert E. "Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) sponsored workshop on the application of human sera for novel protein allergenicity evaluations." Food and Chemical Toxicology 46, no. 10 (October 2008): S1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2008.09.042.

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13

Ringen, Knut. "Experience of the National Cancer Institute." Toxicology and Industrial Health 5, no. 4 (October 1989): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823378900500413.

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14

Lomnicki, Slawo, Brian Gullett, Tobias Stöger, Ian Kennedy, Jim Diaz, Tammy R. Dugas, Kurt Varner, Danielle J. Carlin, Barry Dellinger, and Stephania A. Cormier. "Combustion By-Products and Their Health Effects—Combustion Engineering and Global Health in the 21st Century." International Journal of Toxicology 33, no. 1 (January 2014): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581813519686.

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The 13th International Congress on Combustion By-Products and their Health Effects was held in New Orleans, Louisiana from May 15 to 18, 2013. The congress, sponsored by the Superfund Research Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, and National Science Foundation, brought together international academic and government researchers, engineers, scientists, and policymakers. With industrial growth, increased power needs and generation and coal consumption and their concomitant emissions, pernicious health effects associated with exposures to these emissions are on the rise. This congress provides a unique platform for interdisciplinary exchange and discussion of these topics. The formation, conversion, control, and health effects of combustion by-products, including particulate matter and associated heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants, and environmentally persistent free radicals, were discussed during the congress. This review will summarize and discuss the implications of the data presented.

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N/A. "Kenneth Olden to Step Down as Director of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and the National Toxicology Program." Journal Of Investigative Medicine 51, no. 06 (2003): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.2310/6650.2003.8910.

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16

Bucher, J. R., and G. Lucier. "Current approaches toward chemical mixture studies at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and the U.S. National Toxicology Program." Environmental Health Perspectives 106, suppl 6 (December 1998): 1295–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.98106s61295.

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17

Dooley, Erin E. "Harvard Institute of Proteomics." Environmental Health Perspectives 111, no. 15 (November 1, 2003): a811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.111-a811.

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18

LaBrecque, J. J., and P. A. Rosales. "Environmental radioactivity at the Venezualan Institute for Scientific Research (IVIC)." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 220, no. 1 (June 1997): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02035348.

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19

Tager, I. B. "Introduction to working group on tropospheric ozone, Health Effects Institute environmental epidemiology planning project." Environmental Health Perspectives 101, suppl 4 (December 1993): 205–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.93101s4205.

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20

Dayan, A. D. "Conclusions and future directions: a personal view from the session chair." Human & Experimental Toxicology 21, no. 9-10 (September 2002): 569–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0960327102ht296oa.

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Developmental immunotoxicity is new both as an area of scientific study and as a potential source of concern in the protection of the public health. It is a combination of three nascent sciences and one older established area of study–immunology, `Development’, toxicological science and the practical application of experimental findings to indicate risks to man and means to control them. This hardworking and very successful meeting, organized by the Immunotoxicology Technical Committee (ITC) of the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI) with input from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), provided an appropriate setting in which scientists from industrial, academic and regulatory backgrounds were able to debate how the development of the immune system might be affected by toxicity, and ways in which transient and permanent harmful effects might occur. There was considerable interest in how the basic processes and structures of immunity and development might be affected by model substances, which could afford examples to demonstrate the value of laboratory methods to detect developmental immunotoxicity. There were vigorous discussions about testing strategies, about techniques, about how to `validate’ laboratory methods when there was relatively little consistent information from man to identify suitable positive control substances and cardinal disorders, and about how best to employ the sparse information to support the effective prediction of risk.

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21

Boobis, Alan R., Samuel M. Cohen, Nancy G. Doerrer, Sheila M. Galloway, Patrick J. Haley, Gordon C. Hard, Frederick G. Hess, et al. "A Data-Based Assessment of Alternative Strategies for Identification of Potential Human Cancer Hazards." Toxicologic Pathology 37, no. 6 (August 21, 2009): 714–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192623309343779.

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The two-year cancer bioassay in rodents remains the primary testing strategy for in-life screening of compounds that might pose a potential cancer hazard. Yet experimental evidence shows that cancer is often secondary to a biological precursor effect, the mode of action is sometimes not relevant to humans, and key events leading to cancer in rodents from nongenotoxic agents usually occur well before tumorigenesis and at the same or lower doses than those producing tumors. The International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI) hypothesized that the signals of importance for human cancer hazard identification can be detected in shorter-term studies. Using the National Toxicology Program (NTP) database, a retrospective analysis was conducted on sixteen chemicals with liver, lung, or kidney tumors in two-year rodent cancer bioassays, and for which short-term data were also available. For nongenotoxic compounds, results showed that cellular changes indicative of a tumorigenic endpoint can be identified for many, but not all, of the chemicals producing tumors in two-year studies after thirteen weeks utilizing conventional endpoints. Additional endpoints are needed to identify some signals not detected with routine evaluation. This effort defined critical questions that should be explored to improve the predictivity of human carcinogenic risk.

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22

Bakirov, A. B., Rafail A. Suleymanov, T. K. Valeev, Z. B. Baktybaeva, and N. R. Rakhmatullin. "THE CONTRIBUTION OF UFA RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND HUMAN ECOLOGY TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND THE SOLUTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND HYGIENIC PROBLEMS." Hygiene and sanitation 98, no. 9 (October 28, 2019): 911–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2019-98-9-911-916.

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Federal Budgetary Institution of Science “Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology” was organized on September 15, 1955. From the first days of its existence, the Institute was focused on solving hygienic problems associated with the influence of fuel and energy enterprises on the environment and public health. One of the leading departments of the Institute is the Department of medical ecology (formerly the Department of environmental hygiene). The article presents the stages of development and the results of scientific research for the 60-years period of activity on municipal hygiene, conducted by specialists of the Department of medical ecology of the Institute. Research is carried out in the following areas: the study of Toxicological properties of new chemicals and drugs with the justification of hygienic regulations in the environment; hygienic assessment of the state of the environment in the territories of oil production and refining, mining and ore processing industries, large agrochemical complexes, etc.; risk assessment for public health due to the impact of environmental factors; development of regulatory and methodological documents to ensure the sanitary and environmental well-being of the population. The article provides information about the stages of the Department, its leaders, the first scientific developments. sanitary surveys are shown to be comprehensive. The objects of research of the Department are atmospheric air, surface, and underground water sources, soil cover, agricultural products. This material reflects the main results on the levels of pollution of the environment and the existing risks to the health of the population of certain territories of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The most significant scientific works of the staff of the Department on the problem of medical ecology are listed, the main achievements, scientific priorities, and prospects for the development of hygienic research in solving environmental problems in the territories of large industrial centers are reflected.

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23

Kimmel, Carole A., Gwen W. Collman, Nigel Fields, and Brenda Eskenazi. "Lessons Learned for the National Children’s Study from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Centers for Children’s Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research." Environmental Health Perspectives 113, no. 10 (October 2005): 1414–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7669.

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24

Tsuchiya, Kenzaburo. "The New Occupational Physician—Necessity for Attention to Environmental Issues." Journal of the American College of Toxicology 8, no. 7 (December 1989): 1231–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10915818909009111.

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This short article emphasizes the necessity for occupational health physicians to pay closer attention to global environmental issues including risk assessment and risk management of those issues. Industrialization casts both light and shadow. Every effort should be made to balance the light and shadow, and where possible, to provide more of the former and lessen the latter. More experts in this field must be trained and hired as faculty at schools of medicine, particularly at schools or institutes offering training in occupational health.

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25

Šarić, Marko. "Andrija Štampar and the Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health." Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 60, no. 1 (March 1, 2009): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/10004-1254-60-2009-1914.

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26

Dooley, Erin E. "EHPnet: Humanitarian Resource Institute Emerging Infectious Disease Network." Environmental Health Perspectives 112, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): a27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.112-a27.

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27

Onishchenko, G. G., Natalia I. Nikolayeva, Kh Kh Khamidulina, A. S. Filin, A. A. Korolev, and E. I. Nikitenko. "PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF TRAINING SPECIALISTS IN PREVENTIVE TOXICOLOGY." Hygiene and sanitation 98, no. 8 (October 28, 2019): 799–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2019-98-8-799-803.

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The new chemical threats, existing and constantly emerging to public health require the improvement of the system of training specialists in the field of preventive toxicology. Preventive toxicology is an independent discipline. However, medical and preventive doctors carrying out hygienic regulation, assessment of toxicity and hazard of chemicals and dealing with prevention and risk assessment of the effects of xenobiotics on human health, have only basic toxicology training. Currently, in the nomenclature of the professional standard in the specialty “Medical and Preventive Business”, the specialty “Preventive Toxicology” is absent, and the number of hours allocated for studying this section is very limited.Diploma education in the field of preventive toxicology is carried out on the basis of the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education in the specialty “Medical and Preventive care”, within the framework of which specialized hygienic disciplines with components of preventive toxicology are taught. At the postgraduate education stage, issues of chemical safety and preventive toxicology are addressed only in selected educational institutions, for example, on certification cycles in hygienic specialties, as well as on short-term specialized advanced training cycles.At the Department of Human Ecology and Environmental Hygiene of the I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, a separate training module on preventive toxicology was developed and introduced into the educational process. One of the main objectives of the development of this curriculum was the formation of the students’ algorithms for conducting toxicological research and approaches to the evaluation of the results. At this stage of the training, students study in-depth laboratory toxicological methods, the adaptation mechanisms of the organism, and questions of extrapolation of human data obtained in animal experiments, the pathogenesis of intoxication and long-term effects of exposure to harmful substances. The analysis of the system of training specialists in the field of preventive toxicology suggests the need to improve the forms and methods of teaching students, primarily through the development of skills to work with data registries and toxicological laboratories, using the capabilities of research institutes and institutions of the of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare

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Frischknecht, Peter M., and Dieter M. Imboden. "Environmental sciences education at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich and at other Swiss universities." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2, no. 1 (July 1995): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02987514.

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29

Sarap, Nataša B., Marija M. Janković, Dragana J. Todorović, Jelena D. Nikolić, and Milojko S. Kovačević. "Environmental radioactivity in southern Serbia at locations where depleted uranium was used." Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 65, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/10004-1254-65-2014-2427.

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AbstractIn the 1999 bombing of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, NATO forces used ammunition containing depleted uranium. The cleaning of depleted uranium that followed was performed in southern Serbia by the Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences between 2002 and 2007 at the locations of Pljačkovica, Borovac, Bratoselce, and Reljan. This paper presents detailed results of radioactivity monitoring four years after cleaning (2011), which included the determination of gamma emitters in soil, water, and plant samples, as well as gross alpha and beta activities in water samples. The gamma spectrometry results showed the presence of natural radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th, 40K, 235U, 238U, and the produced radionuclide 137Cs (from the Chernobyl accident). In order to evaluate the radiological hazard from soil, the radium equivalent activity, the gamma dose rate, the external hazard index, and the annual effective dose were calculated. Considering that a significant number of people inhabit the studied locations, the periodical monitoring of radionuclide content is vital.

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O'Fallon, Liam R., and Allen Dearry. "Commitment of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences to Community-Based Participatory Research for Rural Health." Environmental Health Perspectives 109 (June 2001): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3434797.

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O'Fallon, L. R., and A. Dearry. "Commitment of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences to community-based participatory research for rural health." Environmental Health Perspectives 109, suppl 3 (June 2001): 469–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.109-1240567.

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32

Lewis, Susan. "Transgenic model systems, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, March 17 and 18, 1997." Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 31, no. 2 (1998): 192–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-2280(1998)31:2<192::aid-em12>3.0.co;2-7.

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33

Doerrer, Nancy, Gregory Ladics, Scott McClain, Corinne Herouet-Guicheney, Lars K. Poulsen, Laura Privalle, and Nicola Stagg. "Evaluating biological variation in non-transgenic crops: Executive summary from the ILSI Health and Environmental Sciences Institute workshop, November 16–17, 2009, Paris, France." Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 58, no. 3 (December 2010): S2—S7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2010.06.017.

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34

Hendriksen, Coenraad F. M. "Laboratory Animals in Bacterial Vaccine Control and Some Opportunities for Replacement, Reduction and Refinement." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 16, no. 2 (December 1988): 125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119298801600203.

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In recent years, there has been a growing interest in alternatives to animal experimentation. Public attention was, and still is, focused on potential alternatives in toxicology in particular, probably because of the moral implications of testing some chemical products (e.g. cosmetics) by means of in vivo procedures such as the Draize eye test. In contrast, the use of laboratory animals for quality control of biological products such as vaccines is scarcely criticised. Nevertheless, the use of animals for that purpose is extensive and alternatives are urgently needed for several reasons. The development of models which can reduce the number of animals used or refine the experimental procedures used is receiving attention at several institutions. This paper outlines the activities of the Laboratory for the Control of Bacterial Vaccines of the National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection (RIVM) in the Netherlands, especially with regard to the testing of diphtheria and tetanus vaccines.

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Ken Takahashi. "Asbestos Diseases Research Institute – A New WHO Collaborating Center." Industrial Health 59, no. 3 (July 7, 2021): 143–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.1-3.

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36

Chambers, Marcus R. "Environmental Workshop, held at the Wau Ecology Institute, Papua New Guinea, 22–26 October 1984." Environmental Conservation 12, no. 1 (1985): 86–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900015332.

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Franić, Zdenko, Tomislav Bituh, Ranka Godec, Mirjana Čačković, Tomislav Meštrović, and Jerko Šiško. "Experiences with the accreditation of the Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia." Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 71, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 312–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2020-71-3449.

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Abstract Accreditation in accordance with the international General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories (HRN EN ISO/IEC 17025 standard) has become a widely accepted method of quality management and objective evidence of technical competence, knowledge, and skills of testing and calibration laboratories. In 2010, the Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health (IMROH) had its management system accredited against the HRN EN ISO/IEC 17025 standard for the following scopes: determination of radioactivity, testing of ambient air quality, and testing in the scope of ionising radiation protection. This accreditation encompassed three laboratories: Radiation Protection Unit, Environmental Hygiene Unit, and the Radiation Dosimetry and Radiobiology Unit. In accordance with the rules of the Croatian Accreditation Agency, the second re-accreditation is due in 2020. This paper describes and discusses the quality management system at IMROH over the ten years of its implementation. We share our experiences about non-conformities discovered during regular work, internal audits, and external audits performed by the Croatian Accreditation Agency. The accredited management system significantly improved the performance of the accredited units, and the Institute increased its visibility and marketing advantage, consequently improving its market position.

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38

Dean, Jack H. "A Brief History of Immunotoxicology and a Review of the Pharmaceutical Guidelines." International Journal of Toxicology 23, no. 2 (March 2004): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10915810490435596.

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This article provides a brief history of the development of the field of immunotoxicology from one individual perspective and separates the discussion into five phases: the methods development and validation phase; the compound testing phase; the many meetings and organization of the specialty section phase; the mechanistic studies phase; and the guidelines phase. During the discussion of each phase, major highlights, accomplishments, contributors and key references are provided. The immunotoxicology guidelines for the testing of pharmaceutical chemical entities across the three major geographic axes are also presented and compared, along with some of the concerns raised by industry with these guidelines. The mandatory requirement of functional tests represents the major concern and difference between the Committee of Proprietary Medicinal Products (CPMP) and the new Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidance. The scientific basis for the recommendation of the functional tests proposed in the guidance documents based on National Institute of Environmental Health and Safety/National Toxicology Program (NIEHS/NTP)-sponsored studies is described. Experience at Sanofi-Synthelabo, with the testing of 29 new chemical drug entities developed across a broad range of therapeutic classes using this testing paradigm and functional tests to define their immunotoxic potential, yielded a low number of compounds (6.8%) that produced any abnormal reaction. The two positive compounds might have been anticipated based on their pharmacology.

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Sutherland, Vicki L., Charlene A. McQueen, Donna Mendrick, Donna Gulezian, Carl Cerniglia, Steven Foley, Sam Forry, et al. "The Gut Microbiome and Xenobiotics: Identifying Knowledge Gaps." Toxicological Sciences 176, no. 1 (June 25, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfaa060.

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Abstract There is an increasing awareness that the gut microbiome plays a critical role in human health and disease, but mechanistic insights are often lacking. In June 2018, the Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI) held a workshop, “The Gut Microbiome: Markers of Human Health, Drug Efficacy and Xenobiotic Toxicity” (https://hesiglobal.org/event/the-gut-microbiome-workshop) to identify data gaps in determining how gut microbiome alterations may affect human health. Speakers and stakeholders from academia, government, and industry addressed multiple topics including the current science on the gut microbiome, endogenous and exogenous metabolites, biomarkers, and model systems. The workshop presentations and breakout group discussions formed the basis for identifying data gaps and research needs. Two critical issues that emerged were defining the microbial composition and function related to health and developing standards for models, methods and analysis in order to increase the ability to compare and replicate studies. A series of key recommendations were formulated to focus efforts to further understand host-microbiome interactions and the consequences of exposure to xenobiotics as well as identifying biomarkers of microbiome-associated disease and toxicity.

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NAKADA, Miki, Masahiro TANAKA, Naofumi AKATA, Akemi KATO, Chie IWATA, and Hiroshi HAYASHI. "Monitoring of Environmental Radioactivity in Pine Needle and Soil at the Site of National Institute for Fusion Science." Japanese Journal of Health Physics 56, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5453/jhps.56.66.

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Vacchiano, Marcelo C., Jeater WMC Santos, Fabio Angeoletto, and Normandes M. Silva. "Do Data Support Claims That Brazil Leads the World in Environmental Preservation?" Environmental Conservation 46, no. 2 (November 28, 2018): 118–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892918000371.

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Embrapa (Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation) is the most important Brazilian agricultural research institute and has recently published a study on the preservation status of forest fragments in more than 5 million rural properties. The authors concluded that no institution, public authority or professional category helps more in preserving Brazilian biomes than farmers (Miranda et al. 2017). The aim of the current paper is to demonstrate that these conclusions are hasty and that the real Brazilian flora preservation status in rural properties remains unknown.

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Ubaldini, Stefano, Alena Luptakova, Eva Macingova, Roberto Massidda, and Pietro Fornari. "Application of biohydrometallurgical processes for heavy metals removal from acid mine drainage." Nova Biotechnologica et Chimica 10, no. 1 (August 30, 2021): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.36547/nbc.1103.

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The main scope of this study was to remediate Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) by application of biohydrometallurgical processes, environmentally friendly, to remove heavy metals such as Zn, Cu, Mn, Cd, Al and Fe. The processes studied have been electrowinning and bioprecipitation. The samples utilised were collected from the zinc mine located in Italy and from a cooper – iron ore deposit in Slovakia. By electrochemical experiments, high metals removal, with a low energetic consumption, has been achieved: in particular, by Zn electrodeposition, it was possible to achieve 95-99% Zn removal. Culture of sulphatereducing bacteria (SRB) of genera Desulfovibrio sp. was used for the bioprecipitation tests. The precipitation kinetic of metals at the original pH of aforementioned AMD by SRB has been investigated. This method has been performed in two interconnected reactors. Achieved results indicate the 98-99% selective elimination of Cd from AMD - Italian mine, and the 98-99% selective elimination of Cu from AMD - Slovak mine by bacterially produced H2S. Both the electrowinning and bioprecipitation processes have been demonstrated the technical feasibility to decrease the heavy metals concentration. The experimental work has been carried out in the framework of the agreement of scientific cooperation between the Institute of Environmental Geology and Geoengineering of the CNR, Italy and the Institute of Geotechnics of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Slovakia (years 2007-2009).

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Riazi, M. R., and Y. A. Roomi. "A Model to Predict Rate of Dissolution of Toxic Compounds into Seawater from an Oil Spill." International Journal of Toxicology 27, no. 5 (September 2008): 379–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10915810802503578.

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In this paper a semianalytical model has been proposed to predict the rate at which oil components dissolve in water when an oil spill occurs in a marine environment. The model breaks the oil into a number of pseudocomponents proportional to the number of compounds originally present in the oil and calculates the rate of dissolution for each component. In addition, the components are divided into paraffinic, naphthenic, and aromatic hydrocarbon types and the amount of dissolution of each pseudocomponent is calculated versus time. In this method the concentration of most toxic components of oil (mainly monoaromatics) is determined. The model considers variable surface area and slick thickness and requires oil specifications (i.e., American Petroleum Institute [API] gravity and boiling point) in addition to air and water temperatures and speeds. The model has been applied to a Kuwaiti crude oil and its products naphtha and kerosene samples at 20°C and 40°C. The results could be useful in selection of an appropriate method for oil spill clean up as well as simulation of environmental impact of oil spill from toxicity points of view.

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Hattan, David G. "In Utero Phase Carcinogenicity Testing." International Journal of Toxicology 17, no. 3 (April 1998): 337–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/109158198226611.

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Early experimentation with transplacental exposure (1940s) demonstrated that expression of lung tumors in mice was enhanced when urethane was given during development in utero. In 1970, a U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) expert panel on the safety evaluation of food additives and pesticides met and recommended that an in utero exposure phase be added to carcinogenicity testing (U.S. FDA, 1 971). An analysis was conducted of studies in the open scientific literature, in food additive studies available in FDA files and in studies performed by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). While exposure to rodents during only the adult phase provided qualitatively similar results, early neonatal exposure typically provided slightly higher incidences of turnors, and decreased latency to turn or onset in certain scientific studies. In a series of studies recently performed by the NIEHS with three known animal carcinogens, neonatal or adult exposure produced similar tumors in similar tissues. The food additive saccharin, which shows bladder tumors, and eugenol reliably produced tumors only with neonatal exposure. Implieations for carcinogenicity testing of food additives are discussed in light of these experi-mental findings.

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Tager, Ira B. "Summary of Papers and Research Recommendations of Working Group on Tropospheric Ozone, Health Effects Institute Environmental Epidemiology Planning Project." Environmental Health Perspectives 101 (December 1993): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3431686.

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Tager, I. B. "Summary of papers and research recommendations of Working Group on Tropospheric Ozone, Health Effects Institute environmental epidemiology planning project." Environmental Health Perspectives 101, suppl 4 (December 1993): 237–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.93101s4237.

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Shigan, Evgeny E. "Issues of occupational health in scientific works of Aleksey N. Sysin (to the 85th anniversary of the "A.N. Sysin Research Institute of Human Ecology and Environmental Health")." Hygiene and sanitation 95, no. 7 (October 28, 2019): 685–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2016-95-7-685-688.

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Research priorities of Alexei Nikolaevich Sysin (1879-1956) were faced to the study of issues of sanitary and epidemiological welfare of Russia. World- renowned hygienist scientist was the one of the pioneers in the field of general and communal hygiene, epidemiology and disinfection. Not little attention A.N. Sysin paid also to issues of occupational health, together with other scientists he laid the foundation of modern Occupational Health. The victory of the Great October Revolution has set before organizers and medical science scholars, among who was A.N. Sysin, new challenges in dealing with the many complex issues, including occupational health issues. Already in the first months of the new Republic he prepared dozens of directives, regulations and instructions, wrote a large number of draft laws for health services, developed the first regulations on the sanitary supervision of the country enterprises. The leading role in the emergence of many printed newspapers and magazines, books and bulletins on general issues in health, preventive medicine, hygiene, epidemiology, occupational health is belonged to A.N. Sysin. He published more than 250 scientific papers on various aspects of sanitary science: from the problems of epidemics of dangerous infections to the working and living conditions of different enterprises. A. N. Sysin paid a lot of attention to industrial injuries, problems of increscent occupational toxicology, the introduction of newest forms of general and personal protective equipment at the plant, modernization of the industrial equipment, issues of the shortened workday, labor of women and children - all kinds of sanitary measures and improvement of labor and living workers' conditions.

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GUI, Jianfang, and Ding WANG. "The Institute of Hydrobiology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (1 p.)." Environmental Science and Pollution Research - International 12, no. 5 (August 22, 2005): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1065/espr2005.08.002.

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Gift, Jeffrey S., Jane C. Caldwell, Jennifer Jinot, Marina V. Evans, Ila Cote, and John J. Vandenberg. "Scientific Considerations for Evaluating Cancer Bioassays Conducted by the Ramazzini Institute." Environmental Health Perspectives 121, no. 11-12 (November 2013): 1253–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1306661.

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Levine, Richard J., and Merril Eisenbud. "Have We Overlooked Important Cohorts for Follow-up Studies?: Report of the Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology Conference of World War II-era Industrial Health Specialists." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 30, no. 8 (August 1988): 655–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00043764-198808000-00012.

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