Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Institution publique'
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Moiroud-Réchard, Cécile. "Le groupement d'intérêt public nouvelle institution publique." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010271.
Full text"Le groupement d'intérêt public" (GIP) (the "public interest group"), a new juridical structure, is an innovation for the organization of the govemment service, it is a tool to reform it (part 1). It is also an innovation on a juridical point of view; it is an original insitution (part 2). The work explains the origins of the gip within the perpetual movement of improving the administrative functioning and organization (part 1 chapter 1). The gip has spread from is original sector and has become a fashionable strufdture. Its development is nevertheless a durable one (part 1 chapter 2). In fact, the gip, as a new institution, shows that an administrative reform needs a juridical innovation (part 2 chapter 1). On a more fundamental point of wiew, the gip enlightens the opposition between "droit public" and "droit privé". The gip is a new public institution with functioning rules from the private sector (part2 chapter 2)
Châtelain, Dominique. "Institutionnalisation : vie et mort des prophéties : République, Ecole publique et Commune de Paris." Paris 8, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA081479.
Full textThis research is aiming at a definition of the concept of institutionnalization, the + moment; (hegel) outcoming of the opposition between the +instituted universal; and the +instituting particular ;. The +instituting moment; is based through a prophecy which has a relation of contradiction beeing principal in the eyes of the particular. The + moment; of the institutionnalization is the one when the principal contradiction for the particular becames secundary through realization or obsolescence of the prophecy. This definition needs the criticism of hegel's dialectic, such as marx has directed it, and needs also the criticism of the rigid dialectic of marxist posterity, reduced after the commune to the mere antagonistic categories (from which one of the two terms has to disapear). This definition is built up on previous and diverging definitions, from weber to lourau, and on the analysis of the commune. The manipulation used by hegel substituting the idea to the object in order to demonstrate the immanence of the monarchistic constitution, was demonstrated only to substitute an other idea. The proletariat, so declared as object and ultimate social class supposed to put an end to the class struggle, the commune making it an evidence. The educational determination has left behind the theoretical deficiencies that marx had no time to fill in and that lenine had defmetely hidden. Analysis shows the institutionnalization of the idea of proletariat, but also the function of the commune in the constitutionnalization of the third republic and lets us start a thinking about the subjects : + prophet;, + heir;, + anser; and + feeder ; of power, and about the use of the myth to maintain the power. This analysis pickpoints also the danger of an institutionnalization refusing to recognize itself through the self claiming ofo declared antagonism, leading to deny (suicides within sects) or destroy any kind of criticism, in a process so described as the p. P. P. Effect {petit pere des peuples) from the stahnist trials. The same danger is analysed at the light of a specific experience of struggle against illitaracy. Ln front of the emergent refusal of french school, the school system caught m its initial prophecy under the third republic, locks itself up in all tension places in a kind of safety syndrome, dangerous for the future
Iacono, Geneviève. "L'expropriation pour cause d'utilité publique : contribution à une étude méthodologique d'une institution juridique." Lyon 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO22003.
Full textTwo principal axes organize this research. Firsty, from a theorical perspective, this work studies the expropriation through the institutionnal theory. This approach inspired by Hauriou's investigations, provides an interesting frame to take to peaces and to understand the functionning of this procedure with two criterions used for oberving : efficacy and consensus. Secundly, from a methodological perspective, this research is based upon assessment's methods. The scale employed makes a clear distinction beetween efficacy, efficiency and effectivness. The assesment of the efficiency is not in the scope of our study. On the other hand, the main point is the measure of efficacy backed up with hability and procedure. Endly, the assessment of effectivness, understood as system of values refers to the background of the institution. That is decomposed into two aspects : public utility and pecuniary compensation
Boisvert, Étienne. "La monarchie britannique, une institution populaire Dieu et mon droit... et l'opinion publique?" Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5695.
Full textHomri, Sabiha. "La gestion des connaissances, du concept à l'application au sein d'une institution publique : le Conseil Régional PACA." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1098/document.
Full textRecent debates on the concepts of cognitive capitalism, the knowledge draw a new view of organizations, in which the main source of wealth creation now lies in the knowledge and skills, rather than in material resources. In this respect the issue of conservation of memory organizations, funding, preservation, codification and sharing of knowledge call for a new type of management: called the Knowledge Management which has gradually become a research area full expansion in the world of private and public organizations. Our research on the knowledge management within the PACA Regional Council is in this context. Indeed knowledge management becomes a strategic element in territorial management by giving local players an efficient visibility to help decision making
Nembot, Moïse. "Le glas de la fonction publique dans les États d'Afrique francophone : essai sur la signification d'une institution en quête de légitimité." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010270.
Full textOn the administrative colonial structures, the civil service set up in french speaking African countries contained a germ of its destruction. Despite various influences and numerous needs which led each state to build its own system, civil service in these countries still have the same problems today which are financials difficulties and more important identity crisis. European thinking behind these law making principles imported in the continent and african socioculturals realities are in conflit. Personal connections often insure employment in the civil service while bureaucratic principles are ignored. The outcomes of such a recruitment are numerous size of the civil servant which engender budget deficits. The state overspends the main part of its means paving state agents, therefore sets the civil service up as a seperate group rejected by the population at large. French speaking authorites call for help international financial institution. They impose to those countries drastics reforms that doing possible fails because of the lack of the popular acceptation, two ways can help to solve problems : the generalization of the contract in the civil service ; endow local authorities with self management powers concerning publics duties
Blanchet, Simon. "Les évolutions contemporaines du statut de la fonction publique en France : une institution à l'épreuve de la modernisation." Rouen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ROUED003.
Full textSince the beginning of the eighties, the French civil service has been challenged. Its statute has therefore been reformed many times relying on a new doctrine for this institution : public management. Theses reforms have notably been based on techniques of contractualization, performance-related-pay, or strategic human resources management. Thus, the civil service has been tranformed towards more responsibilization and individualization of the agents as well as aiming at a more flexible organization. Theses evolutions are analysed from the hypothesis of a current " re-institutionnalization" of the civil service. Beyond the emergence of a new hybrid rationality, this institution see its idea renewed. Amongst other consequences, the civil servants are less protected in their relations with their superiors
Guilleux, Céline. "L'institutionnalisation de la santé environnementale en France. : D'une approche globale homme / environnement à la sectorisation d'actions de santé publique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3007/document.
Full textThe last fifteen years, debates around environmental health problems increased in the public space. Brought on by heterogeneous social actors (scientists, activists, public health professionals, sick persons...), they highlight new social concerns about environmental and health dangers. Based on a methodology associating discourse analysis, network analysis and direct observation, the thesis examines the institutionalisation of environmental health and argues that its main stake is the passage from a global approach of the relations between health and environment to its division into public health actions. To demonstrate this, our work analyses the emergence of environmental explanations of health constructed by pluridisciplinary scientific networks during the 90s. This approach differs from the sanitary movement by regarding invisible health dangers (electromagnetic fields, endocrine disruptors, nanoparticles...) and defining individuals as living beings evolving in ecosystems. Its social aknowledgement grows during the 2000s as a result of activist networks organised around its divulgation. Furthermore, the thesis shows the part played by professional NGOs of environmental health in the transformation of local and environmental illness claims into public health reform claims more generally. The integration of these claims in public health risk assessment leads to a progressive normalization and division of environmental health (occupational health, habitation, air pollution, endocrine disruptors...). This process leads to definition of new behavioral norms recommending individuals become their own risk managers
Mai, Anh. "Les conséquences sur les performances humaines du redesign organisationnel dans un contexte de changement institutionnel : le cas du Vietnam." Thesis, Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100209.
Full textOrganizational redesign has become a never- never land of proliferating metaphors and methods. It has been a strategic choice for organizations to deal with the uncertainties of their external environment. It is also set for facing human constraints and problems of employee integration so that the organizations can maintain and promote the motivation and performance of their employees. It seems that these two approaches of organizational redesign, when employed separately, are not able to meet the actually increasing number of questions emanating from this process. This is because each approach is only conceptualized for a unique context. This thesis proposes an integrated approach for organizational redesign responding to both external and internal needs of the organizations. The conceptual model is built based on the relationships among four main variables: institutional environment, organizational redesign, motivation, and human performance. It employs the research methodologies of case study (5 cases) and of survey method (157 usable responses) on 40 Vietnamese state-owned enterprises for the test of the research model
Lecomte-Ménahès, Gabrielle. "Permanence et transformations d'une institution de prévention : la médecine du travail : de l'évaluation de l'aptitude à celle des risques professionnels." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT2026/document.
Full textOver the last fifteen years, French occupational medicine has been modified by several labour code reforms which have revised its focus on the examination of medical fitness to work. Studying a "disappearing" profession, that of the company doctor, this research mobilises the sociologies of public action, professions and work to understand the contïnuity and renewal of the instruments of occupational health prevention. Based on ethnographical observations and interviews with occupational health professionals, this PhD thesis combines three levels of analysis. At the macro-social level, during the 1980s, a new generation of mostly female company doctors, particularly through its most critical branch, helped to bring into the public arena major occupational risks (asbestos, musculoskeletal disorders, psychosocial risks) arc renew medical practces. But during the 2000s, directors of occupationnal health services regained the preventive mandate through management devices framing the activity of non-medicalt occupational health professionals. At the level of occupational health services, despite their resistances and because of their professional status, company doctors little by little delegated studies of working conditions and regular follow-up with employees to these new professionals. Overloaded with work, company doctors are limited in their relationship to their public and must concentrate on caring for sick employees, which moves them away from legitimate preventive practices. These practices, centred on the evaluation of occupational risks, are transmitted to non-medical occupational health professionals
Zuleta, Ruiz Fabián Adolfo Beethoven. "Le catholicisme et la réinvention territoriale des institutions sociales en Colombie (XVIIe-XXe siècles) : le cas d'Antioquia." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0365.
Full textThis investigation pretends to comprehend the logic of the cultural device production and its application with the logic of the institutional instructor tied to the power exercises forms and the constitution of a governmental system in which the Catholic Church and the Catholicism are sediment as hegemonic factors. The timeline of this institutional historic education process with the catholic seal was elaborated taking in account an [sic] specific territory of the Western Colombian Andinian region: Antioquai, where Catholics had a singular but expansive influence, which had a deep influence in the state Constitution and in the national governmental institutions of Colombia. The methodology adopted in this process consist in putting in to the perspective of the dynamic historiography of the institutions y [sic] its spatiotemporal representations to undertake a critical anthropophilosophical concepts and categories which have been characterized by social relations that have taken part in a mediated process and eperimental culture of inventiveness
Garnier, Gaëlle. "Institution et structure de gouvernance : une analyse de l'organisation interprofessionnelle du secteur des légumes transformés." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010030.
Full textIn France, numerous agreements between producers of the agro-food sector are condemned by the court of justice of the European communities. The aim of this thesis is to justify, within the theoretical framework of the new institutional economics, some interprofessional structures of production. More precisely, it aims at demonstrating the efficiency of the interprofessional national union of French producers of processed vegetables (l'union nationale interprofessionnelle du secteur des légumes transformés, UNILET). The first part of the thesis argues that the organization of production at the decentralised level between growers and processors does not solve to the coordination problems producers have to face. Indeed, the governance structures (the adaptative mechanisms defined either by the contract or outside the contract at the bilateral level) involve a trade-off in between the possibility for the parties to adapt cooperatively to the uncertainty (mainly the climate conditions) and the risk of opportunistic behaviors due to this flexibility (the risk of conflict for the share of the rent). The second part of the thesis demonstrates that this trade-off is solved by an interprofessional collective organisation that assures the parties that the counterparts cannot cheat. It further proves the efficiency (in term of economizing on both the production and the transaction costs) of an organisation of production at both the decentralised level of the governance structure, and at the centralised level of the collective institution contrary to the decision of the court of justice of the european communities concerning the case of UNILET
Azouggar, Omar. "La gestion de l'eau au Maroc : institution traditionnelle et modernité juridique." Perpignan, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PERP0798.
Full textThe Malekets jurisconsults define the good building as understood: the ground, the buildings on the ground and the intrinsic capacity of knowing, in the first place, the water that constitutes an essential element. The French Protectorate instituted a "bicephalic" system to know the side of the registered estates in which there are non registered estates submitted to the Malikite rite and others submitted to a special statute instituted by the "Makhzenian" system; especially the "Elguich" grounds or the collective lands. Thus, the judicial regime of water stopped the submission to the Malikite rite -Muslim's law- and to local customs contained in the doctrines of "Souss", Fez and Marrakech. These dispositions served in palliating the statute's gaps of the registered estates in which there was no anticipation of specific dispositions. The jurisprudence collided with the problem of applied law: was it the Malikite rite? The local customs? The answer shall be different according to what we refer to as this or that legal statute. Instead of intervening in the separation of the jurisprudence, the legislator has intervened in the opposite sense, that is; the consecration of different without resolving it so as to keep a specific water regime which is derived from the registered buildings, but for the others, he did not resolve the disagreement. Concerning this subject, we can raise several problematic; among which we cite: what are the points of convergence and divergence of different legal sources? Does the tripartite aspect of legal sources permit better exploitation of the estate's ownership technology in Morocco?
Ventura, Christelle. "La fondation du Musée du Quai Branly : matériaux pour une anthropologie politique et culturelle d'une institution." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0283.
Full textBeing the direct heir of Jacques Chirac and Jacques Kerchache's project to reserve a separate space for the exhibition of "Arts premiers", in the Louvre, the Musée du quai Branly", embracing the objects on which anthropology was founded and difined, was set to announce a new area of ethnographical museums in Paris. The cultural and political anthropology of the eleven years that were necessary for its elaboration and construction explains the origines and the ambitions of this museum in the tradition of the presidential Grands Travaux. The museographical and epistemological analysis of thid new institution, as well as of older ones, illustrates the perception of non-western arts and societies and the space set aside for anthropology in the musée du quai Branly
Allogho-Nze, Célestin. "Etude de l’organisation et du fonctionnement des institutions sportives au Gabon : genèse et analyse prospective d'une politique publique." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR21838/document.
Full textPhysical activities and games are part of universal culture, and mostly of humanity. African populations had to give up theirs with the creation of modern sports during the settlement era. Physical activities and traditional games in Gabon had mostly a practical aim, going from physical training for teenagers to community service, to leisure activities for all, just like dances during memorial events or initiatory and ritual ceremonies. These activities have disappeared because the colonial policy was to depreciate native practices, by promoting western culture that included sports.We have presented some traditional games in Gabon on the basis of a study we started a few years ago, because we may have found though this study a suggestion we would make, to revitalize and diversify Sport and Physical Activities (SPA) in the school area in Gabon. Indeed, contrary to western sports, traditional games in Gabon have a fewer equipment needs. Moreover, equipment and instruments needed for their practice are located around the area of practice. And we have demonstrated that if SPA disappear from schedules in Gabonese schools, this is mainly due to a high cost for sport didactic equipment as today, sport is the main part of the SPA schedules.We have also presented Gabon traditional games to draw Gabonese Authorities attention to the risk that this category of national cultural patrimony may disappear. We did it as we think that in a globalization context in which each entity promotes its cultural identity and aims at making durable its traditions, Gabon could have its own identity thanks to its traditional physical activities. And it could also use it as a reference for a part of its history.After we informed the existence of traditional games in Gabon, we found it appropriate to mention the sport that replaced them, its meaning, its expansion and its international organization.But what is sport exactly, if we refer to many definitions suggested by different authors? We can order these definitions through specialties. This shows how complicated it is to evaluate this phenomenon. Besides, nowadays we can find sport practices and their corollaries nearly everywhere in social life.Gabon, such as many African countries being former colonies from France, is going to inherit practices and sport structures from its colonizer. However, Gabon is short of sport executives and technicians, equipment and facilities are precarious and insufficient. Realistic sport policies have to be set up, and a long-term projection has to be considered. On the contrary, Gabonese authorities may choose high-level sport to the detriment of school and leisure sport, which are, according to us, real basis of sport policies to guarantee continuous and lasting results.The main issue of this study is about the functioning and productivity of sport institutions introduced by the State to bring prestige and Gabon influence at an international level. To realize this study, we had to notice insufficient results, generally speaking, in Gabonese sport. So, studies were made around the three groups of institutions dealing with public policies and sport destiny.They led us to the State central administration, and we studied the organization and functioning of the Sport Department, its external services and trust organs. Then we studied the second public actor in the sport management in Gabon, which are territory collectivities, and we noticed that their role remains really symbolic, in their failure to enforce the law on decentralization. The third actor or group of actors we studied in this research is the Gabonese Olympic movement, which organization is recommended by the international sport institutions. And we reminded this global sport hierarchy.Gabon that became independent on the 17th of August 1960, and that tries out multipartite democracy since 1990, is a politically stable and wealth country. These two assets could have helped to develop sport. On the contrary, some sport federations only exist thanks to their name; school sport and the SPE are to disappear from schedules. Sport equipment is insufficient. Training and research are wasted. During official events, Gabonese teams performances are quite below-average.Some political scientists claim that if society has to be transformed, it has to start with the institutions, authorities for negotiation between politic elites and citizens. If the possibility is acceptable, what is the role of sport institutions in this perspective in Gabon? Sport institutions in Gabon do not seem to have reached their targets if we look at the numerous internal frictions, constant irregularities in their functioning, and insufficiencies in their current sport performances in official events. These sport institutions live the democratic experience in order to reestablish State authority, to release creative energies, to protect populations’ rights, and to promote Gabon global development?With regard to the recent political views, a change could get under way
Decamps, Mélanie. "Les parcs naturels régionaux : une institution au service de l’action publique ? : le cas de la mise en œuvre de la politique agri-environnementale." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CLF10377.
Full textNo abstract available
Abdi, Khaireh Hassan. "L'audit externe des établissements publics djiboutiens : analyse descriptive de la demande d'audit externe dans le cadre de la gouvernance publique." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF10462.
Full textThis thesis analyzes the place of the audit, more particularly the external audit, in the evolution of governance of the public organizations in Djibouti which began for more than fifteen years. This study is also bringing answers on the forms of audit which are associated to this evolution of the governance.To do it, this search proposes, having proposed a frame of analysis of the governance and the systems of external control in which evolve the Djiboutian public institutions, to show the essential place of the external audit in the governance of these public institutions as mechanism of regulation of conflicts between the main actors of the public administration
Colle, Aurélien. "Politiques publiques locales d'un territoire industriel : le cas du Pays de Montbéliard de 1959 à 1999." Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BELF0312/document.
Full textThe Revolution of 1789 profoundly altered the art of governing the State. The Jacobin-inspired revolutionaries introduced an administrative reform of the Nation that was intended to be simple, low-cost and above all legible for citizens. Two trends in territorial organisation emerged: one centralised and authoritarian, often resulting in failure, and another that preferred to stimulate local initiatives and generated better results. A part of the Protestant empire that became attached to France in 1793 following the 1789 Revolution, the Pays de Montbéliard, already a stronghold of the Industrial Revolution, proved itself a pioneer of this second trend through the creation in 1959 of an urban district, the DUPM. Under the presidency of André Boulloche, this new institution anticipated the decentralisation laws by almost two decades, positioning itself as a counterweight both to a State still considered as too centralised and authoritarian and to the car manufacturer Peugeot, whose development after the Second World War led to a prosperous but fragile single-industry situation. However, this very political vision was unable to resist when the fight against unemployment became a vital necessity during the 1980s. In parallel, the decentralisation laws and then European construction imposed an increasingly rigid legal environment that seemed to diminish this pioneering vision, tending to favour an increasingly wait-and-see, technical attitude among local authorities.Normalisation of practice thus contributed to a slowing of this "territorial emancipation" that served as a model
Meunier, Jules-Mathieu. "Le 1 % logement : la participation d'une institution paritaire à la production de l'action publique : genèse, perte de légitimité et reprise en main par l'Etat." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01072245.
Full textMeunier, Jules. "Le 1 % logement : la participation d'une institution paritaire à la production de l'action publique : genèse, perte de légitimité et reprise en main par l'Etat." Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1154/document.
Full textBy transferring to public authorities the capacity to decide on the employment(use) of the Participation of the employers in the effort of construction ( PEEC), the law of mobilization for the accommodation(housing) and the fight against social exclusion of March 25th, 2009 transformed in depth the organization of the housing 1 %. The object of the search(research) is to bring to light factors(mailmen) at the origin of such an inflection
He, Siyue. "Le rôle des institutions dans la participation publique des grands projets: une étude comparative entre le barrage des Trois Gorges en Chine et le projet de la Romaine au Québec." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38273.
Full textRossigneux-Méheust, Mathilde. "Vivre, vieillir et mourir en institution au XIXè siècle : genèse d'une relation d'assistance." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010691.
Full textFrom the French Revolution to World War I, an assistance program developed that offered elderly Parisians the possibility of living in an institutional home. The Parisian territory and its fifty old age institutions allows us, in as much as the great republican laws shaped both the assistance and insurance systems, to study the first generation of recipients assisted in the name of old age and a lack of resources. This thesis examines the construction of an administrative category, the formation of a population mostly over the age of 60 and of popular class origins, and the birth of a category of old age experiences. The formalization of a specific response to age-related miseries and the progressive movement away from detention institutions allow us to consider the Parisian disposition toward old age assistance as a form of recognition and as an attempt at economically, socially and politically integrate the most vulnerable members of the society. Yet, this integration of the elderly works from below, depriving the assistance recipients of a number of rights, and reproducing social hierarchies at work in the rest of the society. At the origins of implementing this social security for the elderly, the development of hospices and retirement homes in the nineteenth century takes part in the institutionalization of this life stage and in the construction of a new relationship between the French society and its elderly people, an ambivalent relationship based on benevolence and rejection, considerateness and deprecation, protection and surveillance
Lemaire, Xavier. "La France en Guyane ou le pouvoir ultra-périphèrique : sociologie de l'action administrative et institution imaginaire de la différence culturelle dans un département français d'Amérique." Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHES0075.
Full textGautier, Frédéric. "Aux portes de la police : vocations et droits d'entrée : contribution à une sociologie des processus de reproduction des institutions." Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL20013/document.
Full textHow can one be a police constable ? This thesis tries to answer this question by analysing the building process of attraction to police jobs and the procedures for selecting the candidates. It deals first with the entrance fee candidates must pay. Although the nature and the amount of this fee is officially defined, the sentence pronounced by the gate-keepers of the institution is, in fact, unable to ensure the compatility of the recruits with the requirements of the position. Recruitment actions can be seen, therefore, as a critical moment for the stability of the institution. However, the rise and consolidation of the vocation for police jobs make candidates socially prepared to comply with the institution.The police is more the inquiry field than the object of this thesis, that propounds a contribution to the analysis of the reproduction of institutions involved in public policy
Bekombo, jabea Claude. "L'interaction entre la lex sportiva nationale et la lex sportiva "internationale" : reflexion à partir du cas du Cameroun." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE3012/document.
Full textBeside the State legal system, there are autonomous social legal systems (sign of legal pluralism and internormativity). The quest of that legal pluralism system analysis is to find the way forward to solve the intercourse between the two systems existing without hierarchy rules to render their relationships. We have identified international lex sportiva as a unique law order from what we have called the “sport institution”(showing as a house) which is cooperating with other law system in the international legal field. We have focused our study on the interaction between international and national lex sportiva, to see how those legal relationships are implemented. In so doing, we choose Cameroon as our example. The study therefore revealed that the application of international lex sportiva is subject to national resistances because in Africa its aim is misunderstood by the national actors (State authorities, judges, sports actors). Moreover, there is a “sport rule public service” which sometime interfere in the domain of the international sports laws(lex sportiva) in Africa rendered by the State (in Cameroon for example since 1960, 105 sports rules were taken by the State, 9 laws, 52 decrees, 31 arêtes, 11 decisions, 1 circular letter, 1 ministerial instruction), with the President of the Republic as major “legislator” (65 of the above mentioned 105 sports rules taken in Cameroon, that’s a percentage of 65%)
Berte, Ibrahima. "La réforme pénitentiaire au Mali : l'enjeu de la légitimation d'une institution exogène dans une société traditionnelle." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAD002.
Full textAt the end of the twentieth century, prisons were unknown in Africa except in a few garrison towns and European forts involved in slave trade. Today, fifty years after they achieve their independence, African countries are massively applying the prison system left by the former colonizers. Overpopulated prisons are good indicators that the penitentiary system extends to the whole of the societies in the Southern part of Sahara. Today still, this colonial architectural network has not been demolished or replaced as shown by the majority of the buildings still in place in contemporary States. Legal arsenals have also been inspired by those of the colonial system; the prison is part of a larger grid of institutions inherited from the colonization, which are still functional in an environment where tradition remains vibrant.In view of the overcrowded prisons, inhuman conditions of detention and incarceration, and inadequate and outdated legal texts, we aim at reflecting on a possible reform, which authorities have always desired to institute but never did. We seek to examine the political, cultural and social history of the repressive arsenals that have been in use in Mali since the period of slavery in the 20th century to the present prisons. Our objective is to understand the intellectual and philosophical aspects of the prison -and imprisonment- in the ethnic and regional tradition of Mali; such research will allow us to consider the influence of the colonial repressive institutions in the everyday life of the population, and to analyze the daily agenda of the prisons so as to evaluate the possibility of making prisons more human on the basis of traditional justice concepts and internationally recognized norms. Such research aims at understanding the sociological basis for a prison reform in Mali and answer those who question the legitimacy of such a reform: shall it be based on tradition or modernity or both? Moreover, this research will help to determine whether such reform would be feasible, and to enlighten on the social utility of prisons in a society that has not always known them and whose poverty incites to envision new and simple solutions, which aim at giving a better life to the population, both inside and outside detention centers. Our ultimate objective is to contribute to a global project for a good management of Malian society while we observe that the development programs that have been initiated in African countries put improvement of life in prison at the margin. Yet, human beings also live in prison and therefore, States must take them into account in their programs and reform projects. This is precisely our motivation, which is to contribute to initiatives that may impact on the development of this country, and give to the population the sense of life and consideration as well as an understanding of the place of the prisons in the vast area of State reforms. This means that we need to reflect on the link between State reform and prison reform, even more as the prison reform is a transversal issue, which cannot be legitimate if it does not consider many other sectors in society including security, health, poverty, employment, etc
Mve-Ebang, Marcellin. "La fonction publique internationale : le cas de l'unesco. contribution a une reflexion sur la representation africaine subsaharienne au sein de cette institution et la politique du personnel des etats d'afrique francophone." Paris 11, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA111008.
Full textThe international public service presents an integral profile which combines at the same time elements of statutory and reglementary nature as well as elements of purely contractual character. In many respects it is similar to the national public service while in many others it is dissimilar. Above all its special nature resides in the logique on which repose its principles and modalites of recruitement and which takes into consideration parameters other than technical ones. No matter how pertinent the system of representation may appear at the secretariat of international organization it is clear that it does not favour the less which states. At meast that was the outcome of the study of conducted on the employees of the unesco, where subsaharian africa has a relatively insufficient number of representatives. However, the under-representation of africa at this organization cannot be accounted for entirely by this system of representation ; it is also partially due to the incoherences, weaknesses and personnel policy errors of the stattes of the sub-region
O'Miel, Julien. "Mirages de la démocratie. L'indétermination de l'action publique participative : Comparaison transnationale des politiques participatives des conseils régionaux du Nord-Pas de Calais et de Toscane." Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL20020.
Full textOver the course of the 2000s, several Regional councils in Europe produced specific public policies of participatory democracy (Poitou-Charentes, Catalonia, Rhône-Alpes, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, Tuscany, etc.) This thesis is a comparative analysis of the dynamics of institutionalisation of “participatory policies” held by two Regional councils: Tuscany and Nord-Pas-de-Calais. At first glance, the comparison shows the structures of the two regional policies are relatively similar : strengthening of the participatory dimension within regionalpublic action; public support for the implementation of local participatory planning and implementation of regional public discussion planning in the framework of major infrastructure projects. Along with a transnational comparison enlightening the processes of participatory planning's circulation and the role of the experts within the field of participatory democracy, the thesis shows that the analogy between these two public policies stands partly in the effective circulation of international standards as well as in the similar position held bythe two institutions within the national politico-administrative system. However, paying attention to the special case of the circulation of the public discussion's french model within and between those two regions, and its differentiated appropriation, the analysis leads to put in perspective the thesis that states the mimetic convergence of these public policies. They actually seem to be different with regard to their structure and the participatory planning they produce.The question of the convergence/divergence of these two regional policies is even more complex as the regional players providing the participatory offers at regional level, caught up in the constraints of the “institutional game”, contribute to the nearly perpetual reassessment of the policy through successive reforms.T h e analysis then reveals how participatory democracy is institutionalised (elected delegates, specialized civil servants, and dedicated budgets) in an ordinary and undetermined manner: political orientations are hardly defined while the participatory dispositions are continuously reassessed. The long-term study of the implementation process of the policies and their reforms actually shows an ambivalent institutional effort, both sustainable and constantly in motion, but altogether inconsequential
Rio, Nicolas. "Gouverner les institutions par le futur : usages de la prospective et construction des régions et des métropoles en France (1955-2015)." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20094/document.
Full textWhat are the functions of visioning (prospective)? Such is the guiding question of this dissertation, which examines efforts to envision the future at the regional and metropolitan level in France since 1955. When has foresight been used, by whom and for what ? Comparing sixteen exercises held in two cities (Nantes and Lyon) and two regions (Pays de la Loire and Rhône-Alpes), this work demonstrates that visioning is used less to shape the long term future than to govern current political institutions. Combining sociology of institutions with the discursive approach of public policy, this dissertation develops the concept of institution statement. Ephemeral although regularly revived, foresight activities are attempts to define the institution and to build discursive coalitions to support this definition. With such a statement, stakeholders in foresight activities act in pursuit of three goals: to demonstrate the unity of the institution, to justify its utility and to claim its leadership. The dissertation distinguishes four generations of foresight practices, each of which deals with a specific use of the future: to exist in advance through long term planning (1955-1983) ; to develop a need for an institution in spite of reluctance by the local political elite (1983-1995) ; to affirm the strategic vocation of the institution through the formulation of a project (1995-2004) ; and to alleviate growing contradictions in local public policies (2005-2015).This work contributes to revitalizing the study of the institutionalization of regional and metropolitan governments. Rather than studying national reforms and their implementation, it analyses the discursive work of local actors in order to define the role of these new state spaces. It reveals the importance of such statements in holding the institution in spite of spatial and sectorial centrifugal forces
Jing, Liyan. "L'institutionnalisation de la politique culturelle extérieure en Chine et en France : les rôles de l'Institut Confucius et de l'Alliance Française." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2019/JING_Liyan_2019_ED519.pdf.
Full textThis dissertation aims to explain a policy : how the Chinese and French States employ institutions to develop their foreign cultural policy in the context of globalization. Based on a comparison between China and France, this study has examined the institutionalization of their foreign cultural policy with an analytical framework which integrates three approaches (historical neo-institutionalism, public sociology, and analysis of policy transfer). Firstly, it illustrates how the institutions and specific mode of interference have emerged in China and in France during several centuries by using a socio-historical and neo-institutionalism perspective. It then locates the dynamics of cultural institutions of two countries in the context of contemporary transformations of the State and of the public policy. Therefore, it focuses on the relationship of State to culture and to these institutions, by employing the analytical categories of reengineering State sociology. When it has showed how the cultural institutions take their roots in an historical tradition as well as in a path dependence, this study illustrates that the internal change of the State cultural interventions also impact upon the modalities of international exportation of cultural policy. The theory of policy transfer can help to understand the international diffusion of cultural policy through the role of Confucius Institute and French Alliance, when those cultural institutions are considered as the driver of institutional transfer. Thus, this dissertation demonstrates that the development of a foreign cultural policy should be understand as a dynamic process of co-construction between the State and its institutions, through the interactions of a large range of actors who are subjected to a form of centralized government in the two countries. However, despite their similarities, the mechanisms for regulating cultural policy are different not only in terms of historical trajectories, but also in irreducible visions of cultural policy, as well as according to the different internationalization strategies in a context of globalization
Biland, Emilie. "Concours territoriaux et institutionnalisation de l'emploi public local (années 1970-années 2000)." Phd thesis, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Paris - ENS Paris, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00484961.
Full textSar, Anne-Nathalie. "La place des établissements de recherche publique dans l’économie locale : une étude de l’impact de la recherche liée à la mer sur le cluster maritime de Brest." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AGUY0807/document.
Full textPromoted by governments seeking for a new post-industrial model, the knowledge-based economies will become in a few decades the repository to reach for the development of territories subject to the pressures of globalization. Regarded as essential to the production and transmission of knowledge, higher education and research institutions, such as universities, have been increasingly integrated into the analysis of territorial development while was emerging the american paradigm for valorisation of public research activities. This new mission imposed on research institutions, assume they are factors of localized development. Is this assigned role justified? Through the singular impact of public research, we can analyze the role of these institutions on their home territory. After a state of the art on the impact assessments, we developed a methodological framework for case study illustrating this problem. In the agglomeration of Brest, there is a high concentration of research institutions with maritime vocation on which rely the local cluster. Although not generalizable, this case enlightens the research in this domain. In addition, the thesis sheds new light on the top-down reforms of higher education and research systems considering knowledge as any economic good. But knowledge is not a commodity like others. And that would explain the difficulties of analysis in the field of the knowledge economy
Lippmann, Quentin. "Gender, Institutions and Politics." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEH002.
Full textThis thesis studies the link between institutions, gender and politics. Three questions are studied: can institutions undo gender norms? Would institutions be more gender-egalitarian if they were headed by women? Why are women absent from positions of power?The first chapter of this thesis tests whether institutions can undo gender. In particular, we study the consequences of institutions on the perpetuation of gender norms. We study the norm according to which a woman should earn less than her husband. Using the German division as a natural experiment, we show that East German institutions have undone gender. East German women can earn more than their husband without increasing their number of housework hours, put their marriage at risk, or withdraw from the labor market. By contrast, the norm of higher male income and its consequences are still prevalent in the West.The second chapter studies whether institutions would be more gender-egalitarian if more women were heading them. In particular, I test whether female politicians have the same priorities than their male counterparts. The context studied is the French Parliament from 2001 to 2017. Using text analysis and quasi-experimental variations to randomize legislators' gender, this chapter shows that women are twice more likely to initiate women-related amendments in the Lower House. Women's issues constitute the key topic on which women are more active, followed by health and childhood issues whereas men are more active on military issues. I provide supporting evidence that these results are driven by the individual interest of legislators. Finally, I replicate these results in the Upper House by exploiting the introduction of a gender quota.The third chapter studies the reasons behind the underrepresentation of women in positions of power. I investigate whether the persistence of incumbents hinders female access to political positions when incumbents are predominantly men. I exploit regression discontinuity from close electoral races in French municipalities to randomize the eligibility of incumbent mayors for reelection. Despite a context increasingly favorable to the election of women, I find that the persistence of incumbents does not block female access to the position of mayor. I investigate the mechanisms and show that it is more difficult for a woman to replace a female incumbent than a male one
Luckerhoff, Jason. "Mutations des institutions culturelles : analyse du Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec et de l'exposition "Le Louvre à Québec. Les arts et la vie" : dispositifs de médiation, d'interprétation et de communication dans et autour d'une institution d'éducation non formelle." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28554/28554.pdf.
Full textSemaan, Michael. "Recherche sur les institutions publiques libanaises." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37601234g.
Full textBouleau, Gabrielle. "La gestion française des rivières et ses indicateurs à l'épreuve de la directive cadre." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00161257.
Full textCes indicateurs sont de curieuses constructions à cheval entre l'ingénierie et la biologie et la littérature abonde d'éléments opposant ces deux mondes. D'un côté les ingénieurs de la filière « eau » dimensionnent et gèrent des ouvrages grâce à des indicateurs. Ils ont pour héritage un passé de conquête et réalisent des projets efficaces pensés hors du temps. De l'autre, les pêcheurs et les biologistes ont le souci de la vie au quotidien avec une observation méticuleuse et domestique. Ils ont de la curiosité pour des êtres vivants ignorés des normes et certains d'entre eux ont fait de l'écologie une revendication politique bien ancrée dans les préoccupations du jour. Au-delà des différences de culture, l'opposition entre la filière eau et les amateurs de milieux aquatiques est aussi un rapport de moyens. La filière « eau » bénéficie d'un budget propre de près de 20 milliards d'euros par an. La gestion du patrimoine piscicole a bénéficié dans ses meilleures années d'un budget de 10 millions d'euros, mais elle disparaît aujourd'hui pour se fondre dans le régime commun des agences de l'eau.
On ne peut cependant pas rester sur ce constat d'opposition entre ingénieurs et biologistes pour comprendre les indicateurs biologiques. Le pouvoir critique de la biologie qui met en lumière des êtres « anormaux » a régulièrement induit des réactions des filières de gestion qui ont établi de « nouvelles normalités » à ces êtres dérangeants. Pour étudier ce passage de relais, j'étudie les organisations de gestion de l'eau et leurs outils comme des institutions au sens d'Anthony Giddens (Giddens 1987), c'est à dire des combinaisons entre un référentiel de sens, des règles de droit et des moyens. Ce niveau structurel auquel les acteurs se sont habitués continue d'évoluer sous l'influence de médiateurs mobilisant de nouveaux réseaux (Latour 1989). J'étudie ainsi comment sont mises en mots, en nombres, en variables et en modèle (Desrosières 2003) des spécificités auxquelles des naturalistes sont attachés. J'étudie également le lien entre ces modèles et la légitimité politique de l'action publique (Foucault 1978-79).
Je retrace ainsi la trajectoire conjointe de quelques outils de représentation des rivières sur le Rhône, sur la Seine et sur l'ensemble du territoire et l'histoire de la mise en place des institutions de la pêche, des agences, des différentes lois sur la nature, la pêche et l'eau. Cette épopée me permet d'identifier des stratégies et contextes communs aux différents promoteurs et assembleurs d'indicateurs biologiques.
Je m'intéresse alors aux pratiques de gestion de deux agences de l'eau pour comprendre leur faible utilisation des indicateurs biologiques. Je montre l'existence de plusieurs référentiels de gestion dans ces organismes. Je montre aussi le grand degré d'indétermination des dossiers avant leur stabilisation lors de l'attribution de subvention. Les stratégies d'assemblage inventées par les gestionnaires ont des similarités avec celles mises en œuvre par les biologistes pour parler au nom des rivières. Elles permettent l'adaptation et l'apprentissage.
Me déplaçant alors au niveau européen, je relate comment la directive cadre a été adoptée. Ce récit me permet de qualifier le contexte politique qui accompagne les nouvelles modalités d'évaluation. Je conclus alors sur l'enjeu des évaluations partisanes dans une perspective pluraliste pour déconstruire et mettre en débat les indicateurs de gestion des rivières.
TRINDADE, ALBERTIM DA IVONITA MARIA. "Institutions publiques de l'education crise et identite." Paris 7, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA070099.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to examine current institutional mechanisms in a brazil's state education system. The author seeks to define the internal dynamics of a public institution, its characteristics and the type of individual that it educates. From the outset he deals with the affective references of the conflict-ridden system, as well as impulsive aspects from the institution's viewpoint. Also examined are the identity and the social and institutional construction processes. The author analyses the involvement of father-figures, bosses, the state, and their influence on the undermining of the individual. Thenceforth he sets out three basic institutional mechanisms that are in harmony with brazil's particular culture. Equally he analyses the questions of autonomy and authority which are directly or indirectly linked to guilt and punishment. The thesis is based on the perception of a professional training process through identification. Thus he demonstrates how an ensemble of set reactions furnish models that regenerate and determine the manner in which individuals interact within the institution and develop their exploration. Exploration that generates several styles of institutional relationship (mutual, unilateral and denial; the latter splitting, weakened relationship, guilt-provoking and idealized). Then stressing the distinction between individual and subject he establishes the demarcation between teachers and educators. From there he shows the collective reactions of the system in its communication process, and describes what he calls the "social syndrome of exhaustion". Finally the author develops the concept of citizenship as a symbol, and highlights its roots in ethics and in the state relationship process. The intermediary concept in the process of change bas been re-examined, underlining some of the methodological particularities responsible for blockages and resistance in face of change
Varlet, Frédéric. "Institutions publiques et croissance agricole au cameroun." Montpellier, ENSA, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ENSA0004.
Full textBouzidi, Nassiba. "L'autonomisation des institutions publiques algériennes depuis l'indépendance." Grenoble 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE21008.
Full textMarchand, François. "La participation publique et les réformes des institutions sociosanitaires québécoises." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36237.
Full textAbib, Sabrina. "Fonctions de gouvernement et enjeux éthiques des normes tirées de la référence aux marchés financiers." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H212/document.
Full textWe suggest in this thesis to examine the State’s modalities of action in terms of framing and control of the economic and financial sphere. This study leads us to study the concept of regulation through an epistemological, legal, economic and philosophical approach. De facto, the analysis of the functions of government proves to be essential insofar as we observe the evolution of the State’s regulatory praxis with regard to the economic doctrines and the legal and operational architecture of the institutions of regulation. The functions of securization of the economic sphere shed lights on the complex space between the regulator and the regulated entity. In this context, the study of ethical issues with the importance of the concept of contextualization in terms of the moralization of financial markets imply the confrontation of the regulatory praxis with key concepts as governmentality, categorization and performativity. Successively, guardian, regulator and strategist, the State is inserted, today in the digital age, in a fragmented and global world. Understanding the phenomenon of “co-regulation” and “inter-regulation” requires, first of all, putting into perspective the notion of responsibility and independence of actors and institutions. In this reflection, the apprehension of risk by public authorities underlines some limits both in risk models and in models of regulation
Hombahiya, Franck-Jacob. "Action publique et gouvernance des institutions publiques de recherche en Afrique centrale : cas du Centre national de la recherche scientifique et technologique (CENAREST) au Gabon." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26088.
Full textDespite some efforts deployed by the government, the management of the CENAREST and the sector of scientific research in Gabon do not seem to meet expectations of the government actors and Gabonese citizens. Even if authorities often intervened, that emphasis was put on scientific research and that it is known to be a great lever for the country development, it does not seem to be accompanied by incentives acts and measures promoting a reassuring and efficient management of the public sector and research activities. The purpose of this doctoral research is to produce an explanatory model for understanding public action and resistance toward change shown by the institutional and governmental authorities, despite the malfunctions that were observed by international partners as well as the Gabon party. This research has allowed to show – with a framework inspired by Muller – values, images, standards and algorithms present within 16 stories narrating the practices of actors evolving in the CENAREST and the research sector in Gabon. This qualitative research is in the field of cognitive analysis of public policies, sometimes called political sociology of public action. In addition to the analysis of sectoral policies by Muller and the literature review, it benefits from the crossing of the biographical approach elaborated by Bertaux. The cognitive analysis of the data also shows, on one hand, how this work has contributed to the understanding of role, position and execution contexts as well as mechanisms of scientific and technological research in Gabon and the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (CEMAC). On the other hand, it is fair to admit that Gabon is not a modern or complex society yet (Muller, 1985, 2005). Research shows perfectly that the absence, of both overall process of segmentation and the sectoral policy of scientific and technological research, depends on stammering and embryonic character of Gabonese society. The deficit observed in those areas, which are fairly well articulated and dynamic, explains the lack of mediators of social change in Gabon. Keywords: Public policy, scientific research, governance, sector, actor.
Vendryes, Thomas. "Insécurité foncière et contrôles migratoires en Chine : un changement structurel sous contrainte." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0021.
Full textThis dissertation deals with the development of the Chinese countryside during the "reform and opening" era, and more specifically, with the consequences of the two main institutional remains of the collectivist period which have lasted despite, in rural areas, despite the general dynamic of liberalization of the Chine se economy: the collective ownership of land and the controls on internal migrations. These two characteristics of the Chinese development are the topics of very lively debates in the People's Republic, debates which rejoin general issues in developing countries, the ones of the definition of institutional arrangements over agricultural soils, and of the management of internal migration flows. It is shown that land rights insecurity acts as a constraint on rural households' migration decisions, but also that, symmetrically, the persistence of collective reallocations of land can manifest the interests, not only of village cadres, but also of villagers themselves. It is also shown that the constraints on the migration decisions of rural citizens, through the "household registration system" (hukou), which practically pre vents them from definitively settling down in urban areas, could explain part of the very high saving rate in China, and so hastens the development of the Chinese countryside
Couret, Magali. "La production de l'œuvre publique d'art contemporain." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010256/document.
Full textContemporary art transgress, it is a fugitive art, which we remember thanks to our memories, to photographs and protocols owned by institutions, ready to be revived. The contemporary work of art is dematerialized and located in-between many fields of creation. That is why legal experts have troubles understanding it. Nowadays, a sole artist does not make the work of art anymore. Although, it is the result of the work of a team, gathering multiples professionals, who divide the creation of the work of art up in many phases. That phenomenon is called « production of art». Thus, contemporary art is a complex subject for the law, which is still focused on the form and materials constituting the work of art, instead of being focused on the ways it is produced. The artistic production is regulated by customs, which tend progressively to take advantage on the law. In fact, this creates divergent practices and interpretations of the rules. Plus, the law and the customs sometimes tend to overlap, and no one knows which one should be applied. The question we try to answer in this thesis is how is it possible to reduce the gap between the professional practices and the law, in pursuing the goal to bring legal security in the artistic production, and most specifically, in the field of public call for artists
Mandret-Degeilh, Antoine. "Gouverner par le rite : socio-histoire des rites d’institution municipaux autour de la parenté en France, au miroir de la situation en Allemagne (1789-1989)." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015IEPP0039/document.
Full textThis dissertation deals with French municipal rites of institution related to kinhood – civil wedding, civil baptism, marriage anniversaries, Mother’s Day and virginal feasts – and aims to trace back their history since the French revolution. It is based on primary sources collected in three cities (Bobigny, Nice and Göttingen), as well as at the central administration, complemented by secondary sources. Moreover, it follows an ethnographic, socio-historical and comparative approach (referring to the German situation).This research identifies three main steps: first, the invention of these rites as the result of the secularization of catholic rites, from the French revolution to the 1960’s with the interwar-period as a turning point. Second, the liberalization of these rites occurring in the 1970’s and 1980’s, and finally, their individualization in the following decades, which constitutes the starting question of the research. Besides, this dissertation shows the local and national specificities of these rites, as well as the temporal and geographical diversity of the moral figures these rites are founded on, despite their steady features (they are above all feminine and recur to the registers of both kinhood and citizenship). Finally, this dissertation voices the plasticity of municipal rites of kinhood, such as illustrated by the diversity of bottom-up uses (mode of collective action, individual political action, practice focused on the sole question of kinhood, etc.), as well as top-down uses (policy instruments, tools of legitimization, clientelism, etc.) of these rites
Than, Nguyen Vinh Hao. "Financial and banking development : the case of Vietnam." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01E061.
Full textThe financial and banking development in Vietnam has recently known new challenging economic circumstances. It is useful to analyze this matter to deal with new conditions imposed by the integration process in international norms. This dissertation is devoted to defend two ideas: (1) the development of the relationship between commercial banks and NSOEs, especially SMEs, is a result of change of economic structure of Vietnam, a country intransition, on its way towards a fully market-based economy and (2) micro-finance is a form of innovation making financial-banking institutions more performing in response to market failures as well as in impeding usury and poverty alleviation, especially in rural areas.With different theoretical frameworks mainly based on new-institutionalist vision of D. North, financial development of King and Levine, institutional complementaries of Hall & Soskice, convention theory of Boyer & Orléan, we have had some key findings as following. The first key finding resides in the positive result of the relationship between commercial banks and NSOEs, especially SMEs, in the way that commercial banks contribute to dynamize the private sector by allocating loans and investment selection. Therefore, commercial banks become an important economic agent being able to reduce unemployment, promote businesses and orientate somehow industry development. In its turns, NSOEs, while become target customers of banks, contribute to shape credit demand, project investment, labor market, business strategy changes and legal evolution in the way of facilitating the privatesector.The second finding confirms that the correlation between economic development and financial-banking development does exist. It was proved by empirical study based on a factor analysis from CEPII 2012 databse. We was successful to draw a map and localize precisely the position of Vietnam in the financial-banking world map. And, we saw that Vietnam was located in areas of emerging countries, but merely in peripheral zone far away from developed countries. This suggests an implication that it would be useful to move closer to highly developed countries in the financial and banking sector.The third key finding resides in the positive result that microfinance is proved efficient in poverty alleviation and impeding usury, especially in rural areas; but the accessibility to credit is not easy for poor people due to communication, cultural characteristics, education level, extension of network ... Microfinance is a form of innovation in the way that information asymmetry and moral hazard are well resolved thanks to cross-screening and joint-liability. Micro-finance in Vietnam shows evidence of the process of self-reinforcing mechanism of the convention theory, for the case of micro-finance for the poor. We conclude that on its way to a fully market-based economy, Vietnam in transition is characterized by a double institutional move: on the one hand, the change in relationship between commercial banks and NSOEs, especially SMEs, is moving towards a more important role of the private sector in response to new economic structure; on the other hand, micro-finance invasion becomes an efficient alternative to remedy to market failures of theformal financial and banking system
Ottaviani, Fiona. "Performativité des indicateurs : indicateurs alternatifs et transformation des modes de rationalisation." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAE003/document.
Full textRecent research on alternative indicators suggest the need for a fundamental review of the development process of indicators and is also in line with a general movement criticizing an economistic and expert-centered form of rationalization in the field of public policy. This thesis develops on this work and aims to assess how it is possible that these indicators hold an "alternative" in terms of rationalization of action.To appreciate the changes within the quantification process, the thesis focuses on an experiment conducted in Grenoble on the construction of sustainable territorial social indicators (IBEST). The first part of the work is theoretical. It establishes a link between the conventional form of indicators, their performative nature, the postulate of the actor's rationality and the rationalization of public policies. It is supplemented by an analysis of the axiological dimension of social choice criteria (well-being, sustainability) based on theories of development that can support the construction of such indicators. The second part provides an analysis of the IBEST experiment through the prism of the conventionalist theoretical framework. It underlines that processes of indicators' development such as the IBEST experiment induce transformations both in regard to the axiological dimension governing the construction of indicators and in terms of scientific and political rationalization. By applying the pragmatic logic of action research, we highlight the added value of articulating a logical investigation and a participatory approach in relation to the operationalization's process of sustainable well-being indicators. To conclude, in addition to the methodological and cognitive contributions related to the hybridization between a quantitative method and a participatory approach, the contribution of this research lies in the light the experimentation sheds on the understanding of institutional dynamics. Indeed, the generalization associated to participatory approaches and, on a broader level, the non-linear quantification process implemented in the IBEST experiment supports the relevance of the concepts of "background" and "interpretive communities" when it comes to assessing the dynamics at work in such experimentations and to make coherents the notions of legitimacy and "institutional embeddedness". This thesis leads to a conception of the institutional dynamics which proceeds by sedimentation and results from a transformation of the approaches and practices of actors in the science and political fields
Mouddour, Badroum. "Les institutions administratives et le developpement au niger." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05D006.
Full textAfter about sixty years of colonial administration marked by the political domination and economic exploitation, niger republic, once independant, has engaged itself in the economic development process. In this option, a particular attention will be given to administration, major factor of development. However, this new administration is in reality nothing more than the continuation of the colonial administration. The new structures have perpetuated the centralization exclusively in favour of the executif. From then on, the said institutions of development like cooperatives, public enterprises, youth organization, have been found confiscated by the excecutif. Solutions are of course proposed by the development administration theones but their ineffictiveness makes no doubt. The same thing applies "participation", "decentralization" and "coordination". Their practice reveals in fact the existence of divergences between the different social classes, completely ignored by the upholders of development theories
Benrabia, Nora. "Choix organisationnels et institutions : la réforme du secteur des déchets ménagers en Afrique subsaharienne." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002VERS010S.
Full textThe opening to private of the sector of domestic waste in sub-Saharan Africa subjects the sector to the organisational choice in a particular institutional context since the beginning of the years four vingt-dix. Indeed, the evolution of the public intervention in the development of the African economies knew great upheavals of which most recent is the passage of the paradigm of the consensus of Washington to that of good the gouvernance. From this point of view the role for the State is certainly rehabilitated, but according to a design minimalist and functionalist in order to reinforce the mechanisms of the market. It is an neo-institutional approach of the economic development which is privileged by the basic financial backers such as the World Bank. This context opens the way with the choice of new alternative organisational forms to traditional public management in the sector of domestic waste. The assessment of the first experiments of privatization of the public services in sub-Saharan Africa, put forward the conditions of the emergence of such reforms. Thus, the political feasibility of the reform proved to be determining impossible to circumvent. This one as well conditions the emergence of the reform, the organisational choice and the results of the reform according to a principle of interdependence between the institutional environment and the structure of gouvernance. This new grid of analysis of the reforms is anchored in the current of the néo-institutional analysis. This thesis shows that the question of the organisational choice in the sector of domestic waste does not escape this logic. We illustrate our matter starting from the case study of Dakar. By confronting the grid of analysis of the reforms according to sequences' of their attractivity, feasibility and credibility, we show that the reform engaged in Dakar in 1995 is contingent on a structure of gouvernance of particular hybrid form. If political dimension were at the origin of the reform, its effectiveness rests at the same time on the distribution of the redistributifs effects, the incentives of contractual arrangement and credible engagements of the parts in particular those of the public authorities
Charif, Maoulana. "L'efficacité de l'aide publique au développement aux Comores : les institutions coutumières, obstacle ou levier ?" Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL12002/document.
Full textIn 1991 Comorian authorities were forced to implement Stabilization and Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs) in order to redress the macroeconomic aggregates of the country. These programs, like the ones that were launched in 2002 as part of the Poverty Reduction Strategies (PRS), did not end up producing the expected results. Similarly, the new conditionalities adopted in order to enhance the efficiency of aid policies did not help the country make significant progress in achieving the Millennium Development Goals. Based on this failure, our thesis aims to demonstrate that there is a link between the central role of customary Comorian institutions and the inefficiency of public development aid. Relying on the extensive literature about aid, on evaluation reports, on qualitative interviews and on the use of empirical data, we emphasize different customary obstacles to the efficiency of aid policies. More specifically, we demonstrate that customary institutions still are the main reason of the inefficiency of aid to the Comoros. Still, they keep being neglected in the strategies of implementation of aid policies designed by donors including the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund