Relevant bibliographies by topics / Institutional alternatives

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Institutional alternatives'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 17 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Institutional alternatives"

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Aceto, Thomas D., William A. Bryan, and Robert B. Young. "Institutional alternatives for expanding professional education." New Directions for Student Services 1987, no. 37 (1987): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ss.37119873707.

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Ziegler, Joseph A. "Financing The Nations Water Resources: State Options." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 1, no. 1 (November 2, 2011): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v1i1.6599.

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The purpose of this study is to analyze alternative institutional arrangements and financing alternatives for water projects. The specific objectives are to identify existing institutional arrangements and financing alternatives for water projects and evaluate them with respect to efficiency and equity.
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Gimbatova, Madina B., and E. М. Zagirova. "Traditional Family Development Institutional Alternatives in Dagestan." Izvestia of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Sociology. Politology 19, no. 1 (2019): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1818-9601-2019-19-1-23-31.

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Arella, Lorinda R. "Multiservice adolescent programs: Seeking institutional partnership alternatives." Journal of Youth and Adolescence 22, no. 3 (June 1993): 283–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01537793.

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Michel, Sophie. "Collaborative institutional work to generate alternative food systems." Organization 27, no. 2 (October 29, 2019): 314–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350508419883385.

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Recently, there has been a proliferation of alternatives to the global food system. Yet, there is still an ongoing debate on their potential to transform the food system and challenge its globalization. This research introduces institutional analysis to the food system literature in order to comprehend actors’ efforts to scale up alternatives and transform the food system at the local level. Such efforts are explored from an inductive research of the organization called M-Local Food Project, which gathers a range of diverse actors to work on expanding alternative food and transforming the food system in eastern France. Based on this organization’s analysis and its collaborative institutional work, this research highlights how to organize collective agency from the collaboration of multiple actors to co-build an alternative food system and extends the debate on alternative food potential to challenge the dominant global food system. It also provides an emerging model of collaborative institutional work that enriches the institutional analysis on the coalition for institutional changes and offers practical advice on tensions for alternative organizations that cannot be overcome.
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Volchik, Vyacheslav, Maksim Koryttsev, and Elena Maslyukova. "Alternatives to managerialism in higher education and science." Upravlenets 11, no. 6 (January 12, 2021): 44–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.29141/2218-5003-2020-11-6-4.

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Commitment to efficiency amid the implementation of competition principles and the market-oriented approach stimulates the emergence of contradictory tendencies such as commoditization and bureaucratization of higher education and science. The paper explores the dissemination of ideas of managerialism and related institutional traps in academic environment. Methodologically, the study rests on original institutional economics and the theory of reforms for analyzing institutional traps in the education and academic sphere. The authors apply qualitative methods and focus group research to identify possible alternatives to managerialism. Using data from three focus groups, we analyze institutional traps in education and science and the mechanisms for eliminating them through identification of opinions, values and experience of respondents (actors). The study underlines that there is a need for considering principles, models and regulation mechanisms in education and science alternative to managerialism. They are being formed either in the context of rules, routines, norms and management technologies emerging as a result of evolution and actors’ adaptation to the changing environment, or as processes deliberately planned and developed within academic self-government and self-organization and/or as a result of state policy. The research develops alternative management mechanisms in the field of education and science with reference to the identified institutional traps and actors that can act as bearers of these alternatives in academic community.
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Jaitly, Ashok. "Governance of water: institutional alternatives and political economy." Journal of Resources, Energy and Development 5, no. 2 (2008): 105–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/red-120054.

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Maiangwa, M. G., S. A. Rahman, R. A. Omolehin, and D. O. A. Phillip. "A Review of Institutional Alternatives to Collateralized Lending." African Development Review 16, no. 3 (December 2004): 472–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1017-6772.2004.00101.x.

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Parkey, Jeffrey R. "Assessing Institutional Alternatives for Future Northwest Passage Governance." American Review of Canadian Studies 42, no. 2 (June 2012): 171–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02722011.2012.679148.

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Kim, Moonhawk, and Scott Wolford. "Choosing anarchy: institutional alternatives and the global order." International Theory 6, no. 1 (March 2014): 28–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752971913000304.

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The international system may be anarchic, but anarchy is neither fixed nor inevitable. We analyze collective choices between anarchy, a system of inefficient self-enforcement, and external enforcement, where punishment is delegated to a third party at some upfront cost. In equilibrium, external enforcement (establishing governments) prevails when interaction density is high, the costs of integration are low, and violations are difficult to predict, but anarchy (drawing borders) prevails when at least one of these conditions fail. We explore the implications of this theory for the causal role of anarchy in international relations theory, the integration and disintegration of political units, and the limits and possibilities of cooperation through international institutions.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Institutional alternatives"

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Aljamal, Ali Darwish. "Institutional alternatives to resolve water and natural resource problems in Sierra Vista subwatershed." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/288974.

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The San Pedro Riparian National Conservation Area was designated by Congress in 1988 to preserve and enhance riparian resources of the perennial reach of the San Pedro River. The perennial flow is due to geological restrictions forcing groundwater to discharge to the stream. The Sierra Vista area lies above this perennial reach and fully depends on groundwater for its water needs. Consequent excessive pumping has resulted in a regional cone of depression and capture of streamflow water by groundwater wells. As a result, the streamflow has diminished by 50 to 66 percent, compared to pre-development conditions. In addition, the groundwater table within the floodplain alluvium has declined below the root zones of native species and is affecting the health of the riparian ecosystem. Studies have confirmed that continued groundwater overdraft in the area constitutes a long-term threat to the maintenance of the perennial flow and its riparian ecosystem. The effects now being felt by the river are the consequences of pumping years ago, because transit times in the regional aquifer are slow, averaging 23 feet per year. This study uses an institutional analysis and design framework to identify water and natural resources problems in the area, analyze the existing institutions and attribute problems to institutional deficiencies, and design three institutional alternatives to resolve these problems. The four problems identified in the area are depletion, externality, underinvestment, and maldistribution. The first alternative, which requires the least institutional change, is modeled after a newly-proposed Watershed Management Initiative and includes designating the area as Irrigation Non-expansion Area. The second alternative is a regulatory approach based upon establishing an Active Management Area similar to the Santa Cruz AMA. The third is a market approach based on sweeping statutory changes to recognize the hydraulic connection between ground and surface water to and enable the adoption of a conjunctive management strategy to protect the perennial flow and the sustained groundwater yield in the area. Only the conjunctive management strategy offers a long term solution to the area's problems. It is consistent with protecting public values in water and produces the maximum net benefits to all concerned.
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Gillilan, David M. 1960. "Institutional alternatives for managing water resources in the upper San Pedro River basin, Arizona." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/192066.

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The thesis is designed to assist residents of the Upper San Pedro River Basin, Arizona, in their investigation of alternative water management institutions. The concept of institutions as rules used by communities to manage resources is used to describe several alternatives for managing water resources and then evaluate the alternatives with respect to the needs of basin residents. Alternatives include the Upper San Pedro status quo, Arizona's Active Management Areas, the Phoenix Groundwater Replenishment District, the Tucson Active Management Area Water Augmentation Authority, the Orange County Water District, the Kern County Water Agency, and instream flow protection institutions in several western states. None of the alternatives is found to be entirely appropriate for the Upper San Pedro basin, though features of all of them may be of interest to basin residents.
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Yeung, Bik-fung Sarah, and 楊碧鳳. "Alternative institutional designs for family service provision." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31966378.

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Yeung, Bik-fung Sarah. "Alternative institutional designs for family service provision." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22188770.

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Heuberger, Sarah. "Wolfgang Tillmans : Konstnärlig utställningspraktik mellan tradition och alternativ." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för kultur och estetik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-131400.

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The thesis catches  up a phenomenon in contemporary exhibition practice: the presentation of art beyond traditional platforms such as museums and galeries. It is the Berlin based nightclub Berghain that in this case study is object for an analysis of an alternative art space. The two photographies Ostgut Freischwimmer rechts and Ostgut Freischwimmer links of the german artist Wolfgang Tillmans were to be seen there after being sold to art museums in Switzerland exhibited together with other works of the collection at Fondation Beyeler. The comparison of the club as the new and alternative and the museum as the traditional and institutional is the specific concern of the work: on which institutional structures is the staging of art based  on and how can they be altered and contrasted by means of place and exhibition features. The meaning of art is determined by its physical setting and the institutional and ideological constituencies that are lying behind it. This interconnection is examined by terms of Henri Lefebvre social space and Arthur C. Danto and George Dickie. Contextualisation, categorisation and the creation of an aura of theory as well as established roles and hirarchies determine the institutionalized artwold and are reverted in the attempt to create an alternative space. The creation of the new is based on its differentiation from the traditional and is therefore to be seen as a concept, a repetition of structures that is filled with new contents. In his function of curator to both of the exhibitions, Wolfgang Tillmans extends his artistical practice over the medium of photography - by this way, the pictures meaning is transcending its visuality and interacts with the space, communicating different values in different situations. The comparison of the the two exhibition sites shows: silence is replaced by sound, contemplation is replaced by movement, history and context by nowness and momentarity.  But still is the exhibition of art is bound to structures. The question therefore should not concentrate on finding an alternative beyond institutional structures, but on which kind of institution it could be that expresses the intended meaning of an art work. By this terms, the argument can be traced back to Wolfgang Tillmans himself and both his personal, artistic and curatorial world view:  imagining an anti-hirarchical culture in which no one is to claim the truth further than in its own immediate moment of experiencing it
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Munoobhai, Sharika. "Alternative execution strategies to overcoming institutional voids and institutional distance in BoP markets." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/45034.

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Emerging markets are a great point of interest to multinational companies seeking to exploit new opportunities as they realise that catering to the rich domestic markets limits their opportunities, their potential and competitive advantage. Serving the consumers that are at the bottom of the economic pyramid (BoP) presents enormous opportunity but it also comes with its unique set of challenges. These challenges require an alternative business strategy, as companies entering these markets must develop new offerings designed to meet the specific requirements of servicing the BoP consumer. This report seeks to explore why companies operating in South Africa are entering the lower income markets, and will describe the challenges encountered both internally and externally, when operating in these markets. Ten interviews at six multinational companies based in South Africa were conducted to test the research propositions derived from the literature. The results concluded that companies enter the BoP markets in pursuit of growth. A variety of secondary factors also emerged. The data revealed that these companies have created innovative alternative execution strategies to overcome the challenges encountered in this market. The report offered a descriptive model of why companies enter the BoP market, and highlights how the challenges presented by the institutional voids and institutional distance were overcome.
Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
lmgibs2015
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
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Schapiro, Mario Gomes. "Novos parâmetros para a intervenção do Estado na economia: persistência e dinâmica da atuação do BNDES em uma economia baseada no conhecimento." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2133/tde-19022010-152023/.

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O objetivo desta tese é analisar os novos caminhos da intervenção direta do Estado na economia, notadamente no ambiente financeiro nacional, em que prevalece a atuação de um banco público de desenvolvimento - O BNDES. O trabalho parte do pressuposto de que há uma variedade de alternativas institucionais de organização financeira, que refletem as trajetórias históricas dos países. É por esta razão que se pode identificar, por exemplo, diferenças entre o modelo norte-americano e o modelo nipo-germanico: enquanto o primeiro é baseado nas operações do mercado de capitais, o segundo conta com os investidores institucionais e com os bancos. A partir daí, pode-se igualmente reconhecer que a alternativa institucional constitutiva do sistema financeiro nacional conta com os agentes estatais: os seus principais atores financeiros. Destes todos, o BNDES é o exemplo mais significativo. Diante disso, uma vez caracterizado que a intervenção direta do Estado, também chamada no trabalho de regulação institucional, é o elemento característico do modelo brasileiro de desenvolvimento, a tese procurar mostrar que esta ação pública tem sofrido alterações, em um contexto recente. Em razão de um novo paradigma econômico, a economia baseada no conhecimento, pode-se reconhecer modificações na forma de atuação do agente estatal. Um estudo de caso revela que não só o financiamento das inovações passou a assumir um caráter relevante na agenda do BNDES, como, principalmente, esta atividade esteve associada a uma nova racionalidade de intervenção. Diante da nova economia, o Banco atua em convergência com os demais agentes financeiros e com isso assume um papel de indutor tanto das empresas emergentes, como do próprio de mercado de capital de risco. Esta constatação aponta para dois atributos que compõem, então, esta nova rodada da regulação direta da economia: a persistência e a dinâmica. A persistência porque apesar das modificações advin advindas de uma economia baseada no conhecimento, o Estado e, em especial o BNDES, continua a desempenhar um papel chave no financiamento do desenvolvimento brasileiro, particularmente em áreas não consolidadas e portadoras de futuro, como, ora, são as inovações. A dinâmica porque esta prevalência do agente estatal no financiamento corporativo assenta-se em novas ferramentas e assume uma distinta racionalidade, compatível com uma economia privatizada e aberta à concorrência internacional. É, pois, disso que trata esta tese: da regulação institucional de um banco de desenvolvimento em uma economia baseada no conhecimento.
The objective of this dissertation is to examine the new ways of direct State intervention in the economy, especially in the domestic financial environment, which has a prevailing public bank for development - the BNDES. The work is based on the assumption that there are a variety of alternatives to institutional financial organization, which reflect the historical trajectories of the countries. It is for this reason that we can identify, for example, differences between the U.S. model and the Japanese-German model: while the former is based on the operations of the capital market, the latter deals with institutional investors and the banks. Hence, we can also recognize that the alternative institutional constituent of the national financial system takes into account state agents, their main financial players. Of them all, the BNDES is the most significant example. Thus, once established the direct intervention of the state, also called institutional regulation, as the main feature of the Brazilian model of development, the dissertation examines the changes it recently underwent. Because of a new economic paradigm, the knowledge based economy, there have been changes in the way state acts in economy. A case study shows that not only that the financing of innovation has become paramount within the BNDES agenda, but also this activity has been associated with a new rationale for intervention. Facing this new economy, the Bank operates in convergence with other financial agents, thus taking a role in inducing both emerging companies and venture capital. This finding points to two attributes that make up, thus, this new stage of direct regulation of the economy: persistence and dynamics. Persistence because despite changes resulting from a knowledge based economy, the state and, in particular the BNDES, continues to play a key role in the financing of Brazilian development, particularly in non¬consolidated and future bearing areas, as innovations. Dynamics, because the prevalence of the state agent in corporate finance is based on new tools and takes a different rationale, consistent with a privatized economy, open to international competition. That is, therefore, with the core issue of the present dissertation: the institutional regulation of a development bank within a knowledge-based economy.
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Chaddha, Shane. "An inquiry for an alternative institutional arrangement to govern outer space." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/an-inquiry-for-an-alternative-institutional-arrangement-to-govern-outer-space(00ce5447-e012-45d5-a264-5fbab381c2fd).html.

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The uncontrolled growth of the space debris population is an environmental challenge. The several major debris-generating events at the beginning of the 21st Century suggests that the existing space governance regime encourages self-interested, rational state and non-state space actors to freely access and make use of the extraterrestrial commons without credible restraint, and lacks the robustness to hold these entities directly accountable and liable for their polluting activities. Such non-discriminatory right encourages these users to act and behave individualistically when utilising outer space, and make irresponsible choices like decisions to carry out debris-creating activities. These events also show that actors are tied together in a lattice of interdependence so long as they continue to share the space environment. An irresponsible operator who carries out an unsafe, risky activity increases the environmental costs shared by all members, both current and future users. The debris problem is an externality produced by human activities in space which can over time create a type of social dilemma called the ‘Tragedy of the Commons’ - a situation involving the environmental degradation and possible ruin of a shared resource. Many conferences have emphasised the seriousness of space congestion, and technological efforts have been adopted to reduce environmental degradation. However, while they are practical in the short and medium term, these measures lack the capacity to offer long-term solutions to deal with the problem. Often overlooked is a scrutiny on the adequacy of the existing space governance regime to preserve the space environment and control the debris population. The focus has been on exploration and exploitation and less on actively regulating the actions and behaviours of space actors when appropriating the resource, and restraining those strategic choices users would take in given situations. This thesis considers the shortcomings of the current outer space regulatory regime and proposes alternative space governance arrangements. It uses insights from the works of two property-rights theorists: Garrett Hardin and Elinor Ostrom – who developed the most widely used institutional designs to manage terrestrial and small-scale common-pool resources. They argue that resource users cannot efficiently coordinate collective action to deal with social dilemmas because of its institutional arrangement, and that such regime must be redesigned. However, their policy prescriptions are competing. Hardin states that the commons should be either privatised or managed by an external authority. Ostrom, on the other hand, argues that community-based governance can be successful when certain conditions are satisfied. From their respective works, this thesis constructs theoretical frameworks to determine if either Hardin’s or Ostrom’s prescriptions can be so crafted to provide an alternative space governance regime, and address the space debris problem. If the proposed institutional arrangement is appropriate and viable to govern outer space, it offers considerations on what further must be done to ensure its robustness to effectively regulate access and oversee the use of the space environment; restrain actors from carrying out potentially harmful activities; and organise actors to resolve collective action problems.
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Payne, Dexter C. "Overcoming ineffective institutions alternative approaches to international fisheries conservation /." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.

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Spell, Chester Stanley. "Institutional and alternative perspectives on the adoption of workplace drug testing programs." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29901.

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Books on the topic "Institutional alternatives"

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Symposium on Governance in Development: Issues, Challenges and Strategies (2004 Institute of Rural Management, Ānand, India). Institutional alternatives and governance of agriculture. New Delhi: Academic Foundation, 2007.

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Symposium on Governance in Development: Issues, Challenges and Strategies (2004 Institute of Rural Management, Ānand, India). Institutional alternatives and governance of agriculture. New Delhi: Academic Foundation, 2007.

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Wallace, Michael B. Forest degredation in Nepal: Institutional context and policy alternatives. [Kathmandu?: Winrock Project?], 1988.

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Knight, Nancy. The problem of uncertainty: Institutional alternatives and planning approaches. Vancouver: School of Community and Regional Planning, University of British Columbia, 1991.

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Bankers Institute of Rural Development, ed. Access of rural women to institutional credit: Bissues and alternatives. Lucknow: Bankers Institute of Rural Development, 2000.

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Crouch, Colin. Breaking the path of institutional development?: Alternatives to the new determinism. Badia Fiesolana: Dept. of Political and Social Sciences, European University Institute, 2002.

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Shah, Tushaar. Institutional alternatives in african smallholder irrigation: Lessons from international experience with irrigation management transfer. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute, 2002.

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Team building: Issues and alternatives. 2nd ed. Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley, 1987.

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Simms, F. A. A social worker's evaluation of children's institutions in the Kingdom of Lesotho and consideration of alternatives. [Lesotho?: s.n., 1986.

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Dyer, William G. Team building: Current issues and new alternatives. 3rd ed. Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Institutional alternatives"

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Dinesh Kumar, M., and Nitin Bassi. "Managing Climate-Induced Water Risks: A Case Study of Institutional Alternatives." In Global Issues in Water Policy, 91–122. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59459-6_4.

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Buckley, Peter J. "Alternatives to Decline, Threat or Scarcity: Exit, Voice, Loyalty and Institutional Response." In The Changing Global Context of International Business, 56–63. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230501553_4.

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Rider, Sharon. "Three Notions of the Global." In Evaluating Education: Normative Systems and Institutional Practices, 41–55. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7598-3_4.

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AbstractWhy do universities go to so much effort to become “international”? Is it to create cosmopolitan global citizens, or to propel themselves up league tables? Is it to promote liberal democratic ideals, or to better recruit international students? There are actually different ways of understanding what is meant by “global thinking”. Currently, the predominant thinking is centred around economic development. But the political ideal of “internationalism” and the philosophical concept of the universal as an intellectual virtue are also alternatives. In this paper, I discuss the sometimes uneasy relationship between these three types of “global thinking”, while at the same time pointing out a common denominator - the connection between the global and the local.
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Nixon, Jon. "Disorderly Identities: University Rankings and the Re-ordering of the Academic Mind." In Evaluating Education: Normative Systems and Institutional Practices, 11–24. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7598-3_2.

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AbstractThis chapter focuses on the use of university rankings as a means of ostensibly achieving increased transparency and covertly introducing a competitive market which has impacted on the sector as a whole, on institutions, and on individuals. The systemic characteristics of this new and now increasingly dominant market-driven order are outlined, followed by an exposition of how that order has impacted on the mind-set of academic practitioners by defining the norms of academic professionalism and academic practice. A new kind of orderliness now circumscribes and defines what it means to be an academic. Some of the emergent but pressing alternatives to this identity-kit of orderliness are suggested: disorderly identities that transgress the spatial boundaries of the dominant order, challenge its control of the chronology of that order, and begin to constitute participative and non-hierarchical foci of pedagogical action and participative research.
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Garland, David. "Peculiar institution." In Alternative Criminologies, 423–32. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018. |: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315158662-25.

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Dacal, Roberto Dieguez. "Alternatives to institutions." In Elderly Care, 53–59. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-4509-9_10.

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Weinberger, Ota. "Action and Institution." In Alternative Action Theory, 229–60. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5062-0_9.

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Ku, Charlotte, Laura Dickinson, John King Gamble, J. Math Noortmann, and Joshua L. Wilczynski. "Alternative Paths to International Institutional Reform." In International Institutional Reform, 316–43. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-673-2_12.

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Lo, Dic. "Efficiency, Efficient Institutions, and Globalization." In Alternatives to Neoliberal Globalization, 37–57. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230361164_3.

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Bermbach, Udo. "Rätesysteme als Alternative." In Demokratietheorie und politische Institutionen, 13–50. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-99307-6_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Institutional alternatives"

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Poskas, P., J. E. Adomaitis, and R. Kilda. "Management of Institutional Radioactive Waste in Lithuania." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4877.

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The growing number of radionuclide applications in Lithuania is mirrored by increasing demands for efficient management of the associated radioactive waste. For the effective control of radioactive sources a national authorization system based on the international requirements and recommendations was introduced, which also includes keeping and maintaining the State Register of Sources of lonising Radiation and Occupational Exposure. The principal aim of the Lithuania’s Radioactive Waste Management Agency is to manage and dispose all radioactive waste transferred to it. Radioactive waste generated during the use of sources in non-power applications are managed according to the basic radioactive waste management principles and requirements set out in the Lithuanian legislation and regulations. The spent sealed sources and other institutional waste are transported to the storage facilities at Ignalina NPP. About 35,000 spent sealed sources in about 500 packages are expected until year 2010 at Ignalina NPP storage facilities. The existing disposal facility for radioactive waste from research, medicine and industry at Maisiagala was built in the early 1960’s according to a concept typical of those applied in the former Soviet Union at that time. SKB (Sweden) with participation of Lithuanian Energy Institute has performed assessment of the long-term safety of the existing facility. It was shown that the existing facility does not provide safe long-term storage of the waste already disposed in the facility. Two alternatives were defined to remedy the situation. A first alternative is the construction of a surface barrier and a second one is a retrieval solution, whereby the already stored waste will be retrieved for conditioning, characterisation and interim storage at Ignalina NPP. Facilities for the processing of the institutional radioactive waste are required before submittal to Ignalina NPP for storage, since the present facilities are inadequate. Feasibility study to establish a new central facility has been performed by SKB International Consultants (Sweden) with participation of Lithuanian Energy Institute. This study has identified the process applied and equipment needed for a new facility. Reference design and Preliminary Safety Assessment have also been performed. Plans for the interim storage and disposal of the institutional waste are described in the paper. The aspects of finging safe disposal solutions for spent sealed sources in a near surface repositories are also discussed.
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Kagramanian, V., and A. Garmash. "The Methodology for Innovative Nuclear Technology Evaluation." In 10th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone10-22504.

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Other papers in this INPRO session address the possible user requirements for nuclear reactors and fuel cycles that might be applicable in the middle of this century. Each paper has dealt with a certain category of user requirements — safety, proliferation resistance, environmental impacts and material flows, and the broader infrastructure and institutional issues. These user requirements will need to be elaborated in terms of specific criteria applicable to the options and alternatives to be evaluated in different countries. A systematic approach to applying these criteria will also be required. Current technology assessment methods, however, are unlikely to be perfectly suited to the longer-term objective of establishing the directions, which will encourage the innovation we are seeking for the middle of this century. This paper will therefore identify methodological adjustments and extensions appropriate for this longer-term objective and present a possible “top down” approach for creating the necessary methodology.
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Cankurt, Ezgi. "Evaluation of the Decisions of the Ombudsman Institution According to Human Rights." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c11.02334.

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Alternative solutions have come to the fore in recent years. In our country, the new Ombudsman Institution is; Upon the operation and complaint of the administration, it is responsible for examining and conducting all kinds of actions and operations of the administration and its attitudes and behaviors within the understanding of justice based on human rights, in terms of compliance with law and equity, and to make recommendations to the administration. Therefore, it offers alternative solutions for these issues. In the first part, general information about the functioning of the Ombudsman Institution and the application standards will be given. In observing the decisions of the institution, reference is made to international conventions for examination. Because of this reason, in the second part, the decisions given by the ombudsman institutions will be evaluated for compliance with international conventions and the constitution. Recommendations made by the Agency also help to increase the total quality of public institutions. The decisions of the Ombudsman institution should be made in accordance with the international conventions and the constitution. Because without reference to human rights, there will be problems in terms of binding decisions. Therefore, facilitator methods should be followed in terms of application criteria.
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Wellman, D. M., M. D. Freshley, M. J. Truex, and M. H. Lee. "Deep Vadose Zone Remediation: Technical and Policy Challenges, Opportunities, and Progress in Achieving Cleanup Endpoints." In ASME 2013 15th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2013-96011.

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Current requirements for site remediation and closure are standards-based and are often overly conservative, costly, and in some cases, technically impractical. Use of risk-informed alternate endpoints provides a means to achieve remediation goals that are permitted by regulations and are protective of human health and the environment. Alternate endpoints enable the establishment of a path for cleanup that may include intermediate remedial milestones and transition points and/or regulatory alternatives to standards-based remediation. A framework is presented that is centered around developing and refining conceptual models in conjunction with assessing risks and potential endpoints as part of a system-based assessment that integrates site data with scientific understanding of processes that control the distribution and transport of contaminants in the subsurface and pathways to receptors. This system-based assessment and subsequent implementation of the remediation strategy with appropriate monitoring are targeted at providing a holistic approach to addressing risks to human health and the environment. This holistic approach also enables effective predictive analysis of contaminant behavior to provide defensible criteria and data for making long-term decisions. Developing and implementing an alternate endpoint-based approach for remediation and waste site closure presents a number of challenges and opportunities. Categories of these challenges include scientific and technical, regulatory, institutional, and budget and resource allocation issues. Opportunities exist for developing and implementing systems-based approaches with respect to supportive characterization, monitoring, predictive modeling, and remediation approaches.
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Rayra Fonseca Ferreira, Lorena, and Chesil Batista Silva. "Academic entrepreneurship -The applicability of doctoral and doctoral theses from Campos dos Goytacazes -RJ in the entrepreneurial market." In 7th International Congress on Scientific Knowledge. Perspectivas Online: Humanas e Sociais Aplicadas, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25242/8876113220212422.

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Knowledge combined with innovation has been shown to be a driving factor for the growth and development of sustainable economic markets and, given the reality of the current scenario in Brazil in relation to social, political and economic aspects, see the high rate of unemployment and informal workers that they need emergency governmental support to survive, the importance of cooperative union between academic centers, scientific society, government and private initiative to induce public and institutional policy strategies that cause scientific, technological and social advances, transforming the knowledge in market innovations that generate jobs and income for social actors. In this scenario, stricto sensu postgraduate courses, especially doctorates, have contributed to the advancement of Innovation, Science and Technology, considered to be driversof economic and social change. Thus, assuming that all theses created in university centers precede an intellectual innovation, this research aims to highlight the reasons that lead to low entrepreneurial applicability among doctoral and doctoral student research. The hypothesis raised is that the lack of disciplines interconnected to entrepreneurship in graduate studies creates an imprisonment of Brazilian scientists' ideas in the academic field without other ramifications. The methodological procedures used will be of a qualitative quantitative approach, with regard to the objectives, the research is presented as descriptive and exploratory, having as a procedure bibliographic studies and the creation and application of a questionnaire for doctors and doctoral students in the city of Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ. As a result of this research, I hoped to understand the reasons that lead to the low applicability and insertion of academic ideas in local entrepreneurship and the statistical survey of alternatives for interconnection between researchers and the market.
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Roman, Angela, and Valentina-Diana Rusu. "MACROECONOMIC AND INSTITUTIONAL DRIVERS OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY. A CROSS-COUNTRY EMPIRICAL ASSESSMENT." In Business and Management 2018. VGTU Technika, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2018.03.

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Our paper aims to investigate how the changes in macroeconomic conditions and the quality of insti-tutions affect the level of entrepreneurial activity in 18 European Union countries, over the period 2002–2016. Using panel-data estimation techniques, we alternatively analyzed the effects of some macroeconomic and institutional framework related factors (in particular, the quality of institutions) on entrepreneurial activity level, proxied by the total early-stage entrepreneurial activity rate, nascent entrepreneurship rate, and new business ownership rate. The results of our empirical analysis show that the economic situation of EU countries and the quality of institutions (reflected in our study through competitiveness, economic freedom, and governance quality) have a significant effect on early-stage entrepreneurs and for some variables the sign of the relationship depends on the age of the business. Our findings may be of interest to policy makers in developing effective policies contributing to enhancing the entrepreneurial capacity in different countries.
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Setyowati, Ro’fah, Islamiyati, and Aista Wisnu Putra. "Shariah Compliance on Laws About Alternative Disputes Resolution Institutions for Shariah Financial Institutions: Coverage and Elements." In International Conference on Law, Economics and Health (ICLEH 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200513.092.

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"Residential Real Estate as a Potential Investment Alternative for Institutional Investors? -An Empirical Examination." In 2005 European Real Estate Society conference in association with the International Real Estate Society: ERES Conference 2005. ERES, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres2005_171.

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"International Direct Real Estate Investments as Alternative Portfolio Assets for Institutional Investors: An evaluation." In Real Estate Society Conference: ERES Conference 1995. ERES, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres1995_185.

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Sari, Rahmahidayati. "Surau as an alternative education institution in realizing independent learning for students." In International Conference Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Keguruan Universitas Islam Negeri Imam Bonjol Padang. Jakarta: Redwhite Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32698/icftk419.

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Reports on the topic "Institutional alternatives"

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Caselli, Francesco, and Nicola Gennaioli. Economics and Politics of Alternative Institutional Reforms. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w12833.

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Elcock, D. Institutional impediments to using alternative water sources in thermoelectric power plants. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1021327.

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Hartman, Alexandra, Robert Blair, and Christopher Blattman. Engineering Informal Institutions: Long-run Impacts of Alternative Dispute Resolution on Violence and Property Rights in Liberia. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, April 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w24482.

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McCall, Jamie, and Jason Sabatelle. Alternative Non-Economic Measures of CDFI Lending Impact: An Exploratory Analysis. Carolina Small Business Development Fund, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46712/alternative.impact.

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CDFI impacts are overwhelmingly viewed through an economic lens. Little consideration is given to other types of metrics. Yet we believe a positive economic impact is a necessary but not sufficient condition to being an effective development institution. We assess the relationship between a CDFI's lending activities and aggregate social capital levels. Social capital – the entrepreneurial networks which occur when small businesses flourish – are a key non-economic outcome of CDIF financing and technical assistance interventions.
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Arbeit, Caren A., Alexander Bentz, Emily Forrest Cataldi, and Herschel Sanders. Alternative and Independent: The universe of technology-related “bootcamps". RTI Press, February 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2019.rr.0033.1902.

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In recent years, nontraditional workforce training programs have proliferated inside and outside of traditional postsecondary institutions. A subset of these programs, bootcamps, advertise high job placement rates and have been hailed by policymakers as key to training skilled workers. However, few formal data exist on the number, types, prices, location, or other descriptive details of program offerings. We fill this void by studying the universe of bootcamp programs offered as of June 30, 2017. In this report, we discuss the attributes of the 1,010 technology-related programs offered in the United States, Canada, and online. We find more diversity among bootcamp providers and programs than would be expected from public discourse. This primarily relates to the mode of delivery (online vs. in person), intensity (part time/full time), cost, and program types. Based on the data we collected, we present a classification structure for bootcamps focused on five distinct program types.
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Manhiça, Anésio, Alex Shankland, Kátia Taela, Euclides Gonçalves, Catija Maivasse, and Mariz Tadros. Alternative Expressions of Citizen Voices: The Protest Song and Popular Engagements with the Mozambican State. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2020.001.

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This study examines Mozambican popular music to investigate three questions: Are notions of empowerment and accountability present in popular music in Mozambique? If so, what can these existing notions of empowerment and accountability reveal about relations between citizens and state institutions in general and about citizen-led social and political action in particular? In what ways is popular music used to support citizen mobilisation in Mozambique? The discussion is based on an analysis of 46 protest songs, interviews with musicians, music producers and event promoters as well as field interviews and observations among audiences at selected popular music concerts and public workshops in Maputo city. Secondary data were drawn from radio broadcasts, digital media, and social networks. The songs analysed were widely played in the past two decades (1998–2018), a period in which three different presidents led the country. Our focus is on the protest song, conceived as those musical products that are concerned with public affairs, particularly public policy and how it affects citizens’ social, political and economic life, and the relationship between citizens and the state.
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Yépez, Ariel, Luis San Vicente Portes, and Santiago Guerrero. Productivity and Energy Intensity in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003219.

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Within an industrial setting, what would ones conjecture be about the relation between Energy Intensity (EI) and productivity? Could higher Energy use be associated to more capital intensive processes, and thus higher output (per worker)? Or Ceteris paribus, are productivity indicators inversely associated with energy intensity? So that more productive firms or industries tend also to be more energy efficient. The nature of this question is multifold as there are historical, geographical, institutional, developmental, and policy variables that jointly affect industrial development as well as a nations energy supply. This study seeks to assess the relationship between these variables in the industrial sector of four Latin American countries. Under alternative measures of productivity, namely, average labor productivity and total factor productivity (TFP), we find a statistically negative relationship between productivity and Energy intensity.
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Haider, Huma. Scalability of Transitional Justice and Reconciliation Interventions: Moving Toward Wider Socio-political Change. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.080.

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Literature focusing on the aftermath of conflict in the Western Balkans, notes that many people remain focused on stereotypes and prejudices between different ethnic groups stoking fear of a return to conflict. This rapid review examines evidence focussing on various interventions that seek to promote inter-group relations that are greatly elusive in the political realm in the Western Balkan. Socio-political change requires a growing critical mass that sees the merit in progressive and conciliatory ethnic politics and is capable of side-lining divisive ethno-nationalist forces. This review provides an evidence synthesis of pathways through which micro-level, civil-society-based interventions can produce ‘ripple effects’ in society and scale up to affect larger geographic areas and macro-level socio-political outcomes. These interventions help in the provision of alternative platforms for dealing with divisive nationalism in post-conflict societies. There is need to ensure that the different players participating in reconciliation activities are able to scale up and attain broader reach to ensure efficacy and hence enabling them to become ‘multiplier of peace.’ One such way is by providing tools for activism. The involvement of key people and institutions, who are respected and play an important role in the everyday life of communities and participants is an important factor in the design and success of reconciliation initiatives. These include the youth, objective media, and journalists. The transformation of conflict identities through reconciliation-related activities is theorised as leading to the creation of peace constituencies that support non-violent approaches to conflict resolution and sustainable peace The success of reconciliation interventions largely depends on whether it contributes to redefining otherwise antagonistic identities and hostile relationships within a community or society.
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Chandrasekhar, C. P. The Long Search for Stability: Financial Cooperation to Address Global Risks in the East Asian Region. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp153.

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Forced by the 1997 Southeast Asian crisis to recognize the external vulnerabilities that openness to volatile capital flows result in and upset over the post-crisis policy responses imposed by the IMF, countries in the sub-region saw the need for a regional financial safety net that can pre-empt or mitigate future crises. At the outset, the aim of the initiative, then led by Japan, was to create a facility or design a mechanism that was independent of the United States and the IMF, since the former was less concerned with vulnerabilities in Asia than it was in Latin America and that the latter’s recommendations proved damaging for countries in the region. But US opposition and inherited geopolitical tensions in the region blocked Japan’s initial proposal to establish an Asian Monetary Fund, a kind of regional IMF. As an alternative, the ASEAN+3 grouping (ASEAN members plus China, Japan and South Korea) opted for more flexible arrangements, at the core of which was a network of multilateral and bilateral central bank swap agreements. While central bank swap agreements have played a role in crisis management, the effort to make them the central instruments of a cooperatively established regional safety net, the Chiang Mai Initiative, failed. During the crises of 2008 and 2020 countries covered by the Initiative chose not to rely on the facility, preferring to turn to multilateral institutions such as the ADB, World Bank and IMF or enter into bilateral agreements within and outside the region for assistance. The fundamental problem was that because of an effort to appease the US and the IMF and the use of the IMF as a foil against the dominance of a regional power like Japan, the regional arrangement was not a real alternative to traditional sources of balance of payments support. In particular, access to significant financial assistance under the arrangement required a country to be supported first by an IMF program and be subject to the IMF’s conditions and surveillance. The failure of the multilateral effort meant that a specifically Asian safety net independent of the US and the IMF had to be one constructed by a regional power involving support for a network of bilateral agreements. Japan was the first regional power to seek to build such a network through it post-1997 Miyazawa Initiative. But its own complex relationship with the US meant that its intervention could not be sustained, more so because of the crisis that engulfed Japan in 1990. But the prospect of regional independence in crisis resolution has revived with the rise of China as a regional and global power. This time both economics and China’s independence from the US seem to improve prospects of successful regional cooperation to address financial vulnerability. A history of tensions between China and its neighbours and the fear of Chinese dominance may yet lead to one more failure. But, as of now, the Belt and Road Initiative, China’s support for a large number of bilateral swap arrangements and its participation in the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership seem to suggest that Asian countries may finally come into their own.
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Analysis of operational, institutional and international limitations for alternative fuel vehicles and technologies: Means/methods for implementing changes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10107568.

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