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Williamson, Magnus. "The Eton choirbook : its institutional and historical background." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285407.
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Munoz, Marcia. "The interplay between institutions : A feminist institutional perspective on the parental leave policy in Chile." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-264367.
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This paper aims to explain how the interplay between formal and informal institutions affects the potentially gendered outcomes of political reforms. The case of the Chilean parental leave reform of 2011 is used as an example of a political reform addressing gender equality. Within the framework of historical institutionalism analysis of formal and informal institutions are made separately to proceed to merge the two and discuss how they interact with each other and affect the outcomes of the reform. The formal institution is studied by analyzing the construction of the reform itself and the informal institutions are studied by analyzing interviews with parents making use of this reform. The results of this research show that both formal and informal institutions follow a historical pattern of social norms placing the responsibility of childcare on mothers. Formal institutions seems to follow a certain path dependency in the way they are created and informal institutions affect and counteract the small possibilities to change given by the formal institution. Possible indications of critical junctures challenging this path dependency were however found and show a potential period of significant adjustment in informal institutions and the reform might be seen as an example of change.
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Morales, Vidal Llerenas. "The decentralisation of social policies in Mexico : a historical institutional perspective." Thesis, University of York, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.445463.
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Hunter, Christian Kent. "Educational underdevelopment and institutional expansion in the historical centralization of Tanzania." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2007. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p088-0191.
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Walter, Charles Thomas. "Historical Context, Institutional Change, Organizational Structure, and the Mental Illness Career." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52867.
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This dissertation demonstrates how patients' mental illness treatment careers depend on the change and/or stability among differing levels of social structure. Theorists of the mental illness career tend to ignore the role that higher levels of social structural change have on individuals' mental illness career. Researchers using an organizational perspective tend to focus on the organizational environment but ignore the treatment process from the individual's point of view. Both perspectives neglect what the nation-state's broader socio-political and economic circumstances could imply for people seeking treatment for mental disorders. Organizational theory and theories of the mental illness career are independent theoretical streams that remain separate. This dissertation connects these independent theoretical streams by developing a unifying theoretical framework based on historical analysis. This historical analysis covers three phases of treatment beginning at the end of World War II to the present. This framework identifies mechanisms through which changes in larger levels of social structure can change the experience and career of mental patients. This new perspective challenges current conceptions of the mental illness career as static by accounting for the various levels of social structure that play a part in the mental illness treatment career. Taken together, the inclusion of differing levels of social structure and the subsequent reciprocal relationship between these levels of analysis produce a narrative that explains why and how stability and change within the mental health sector shape the mental illness treatment career.Ph. D.
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Fathimah, Fida. "The Extractive Institutions as Legacy of Dutch Colonialism in Indonesia : A Historical Case Study." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Industriell teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-376456.
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While some countries are thriving in political stability and economicprosperity, others are struggling with political instability and poverty. The fundamental difference between the successful and the failed nations boildown to their institutions, as stated by Acemoglu and Robinson in their influential institutional economics work, “Why Nations Fail”. Inclusive institution is the reason why some countries achieved economic success and prosperity because they allow the population to participate and take advantage of the economic activities while extractive institutions hinder it incase of failed nations. The purpose of this study is to explore more closely how extractive institutions persist in an ex-colonised country in spite of institutional drift andthe political disruptions of post-colonial governments avowedly vying to rid the present of the past. Indonesia is chosen as the subject for this historical desk research case study wherein the relevant history surrounding thecolonial period and the subsequent development will be explored andanalysed through the lens of secondary literature. In addition to being based on textual evidence, the institutional economics approach will be used as a theoretical framework to break down the social, economic, and political aspects of the history. Furthermore, the mechanism of how the institutions evolve will be seen through the political development framework. The result will show that patrimonialism is present as an extractive feature in both modern and colonial Indonesia and how it has been sustained after independence. This study also suggests other extractive features as a legacy ofthe Dutch colonialism that is separate from the native tradition and customs which are Javacentrism and racism in the form of social stratification between races as a result of colonial policies.
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Field, K. R. "The Indian pharmaceutical industry 1965 to 2005 : an institutional and historical account." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.599008.
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While other perspectives had predicted the decline of the industry or only explained its growth for a portion of the time period studied, I find that an institutional perspective offers a new way to interpret the growth of the Indian pharmaceutical industry. I find that the institutions of applied research and development (R&D) and the production of generic drugs were critical resources that differentiated the indigenous Indian pharmaceutical industry and its products and were tied to its growth. Third, I add to institutional theory research by using the Indian pharmaceutical industry history to illustrate that institutional persistence can play a different, more positive, role in enabling growth and progress than previously thought. Prior to 1970, the Indian pharmaceutical industry institutionalised norms, standards and practices for R&D. The focus of ‘Indian R&D’ was to build upon existing intellectual property; medicines that had been invented in the West were adapted and improved to fit conditions in India. After 1970, changes to Indian patent law allowed the Indian pharmaceutical industry to produce medicines that were still covered by product patents in other countries. It has often incorrectly been assumed that the growth of the Indian pharmaceutical industry resulted from the weak patent law in India after 1970. Actually, it is unlikely that the industry could have thrived as it did after 1970 if applied R&D and the production of generic drugs had not been institutionalised prior to the change in regulatory regime. Between 1995 and 2005, after joining the World Trade Organization, India changed its patent law again to conform to the standard in the West. The industry was predicted to decline. However, it continued to grow, becoming a critical supplier of affordable medicines to treat HIV/AIDS and expanding into the off-patent generic drugs market in the West.
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Lopez-Gonzalez, Jesus Alberto. "Politics of civil-military relations in Mexico : a historical and institutional approach." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2009. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2183/.
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Since the late 19th Century, the military in Mexico has been an important instrument of the executive branch of government to maintain political stability. In the 1880s, President Porfirio Diaz created the basis of a system of civil-military relations based on Presidential control (as opposed to civilian control). Since then, the Mexican armed forces have developed a unique bond with the President, remaining accountable and exclusively subordinated to this branch of power and no one else. Despite the Mexican Revolution in the first quarter of the 20th Century and the subsequent process of democratization after 1988, Diaz's basic principle has not been broken. In fact, the military's separation from the political arena after the Mexican Revolution inexorably strengthened its moral capital, gaining the population's approval to participate in areas that surpass its conventional duties. This has made the executive branch become increasingly reliant on the armed forces to make certain policy commitments seem trustworthy, especially in areas where civilian agencies have consistently underperformed, such as the combat of organised crime and ordinary policing. This is definitely a unique characteristic within Latin America, where democratization has rarely been accompanied by an increasing role of the armed forces on internal affairs. By using deductive reasoning and historical narrative, the argument will propose that the rules governing the system of civil-military relations in Mexico are counterintuitive with the idea of democratic consolidation. It will also suggest that the current system of civilian control has become even more vulnerable due to the capacity of the military to resist and even reverse civilian initiatives to improve supervision over their expanding roles. To test these hypotheses, the argument follows closely the military's counterinsurgency policy and its increasing participation in law enforcement institutions.
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Noh, Abdillah. "Small steps, large outcome : a historical institutional analysis of Malaysia's political economy." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:83f3bb17-bb49-43bc-baa6-7620730159f1.
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The research attempts to explain the character of Malaysia’s political economy. By adopting a historical institutional analysis it explains that British colonial administration persistently made rational choices within a short-term horizon that encouraged the growth of two autonomous groups – Malays and Chinese - whose political, economic and social organisation, at the point of Malaya’s independence in 1957, had made it inevitable for them to embark on some form of consociational arrangement. British policies engendered two processes; first, a less-than-full incorporation of Chinese as new actors in Malaya’s political economy and second, a less-than-full retrenchment of Malay political dominance by preserving Malay de jure power. In sum, British decision to preserve Malay de jure power while at the same time incorporate Chinese economic and political presence created two communities with mutually exclusive institutions that increasingly competed for access to political and economic resources. The self-reinforcing nature of these exclusive institutions and the flux that came with the demands for Malaya’s independence made it necessary for these two communities to attempt various institutional options that could best reconcile exclusive institutions and negotiate competing political and economic demands. Three institutional options were tried: consociationalism, integration and partition. The research will explain that among the three, the path-dependent nature of Malaya’s political economy had necessitated a particular institutional logic, the consociational logic. Integration failed because attempts to establish common institutions and do away completely with longstanding mutually exclusive ones proved over-ambitious. Partition also did not materialise as it proved politically and financially costly. In sum, the research highlights Malaysia’s consociationalism as a product of small incremental policy steps which proved to be no less transformational in the long run that gives Malaysia’s political economy a quite different character than it had had at the start of British official rule in 1874.
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Meyer, Michael, Clara Maria Moder, Michaela Neumayr, and Peter Vandor. "Civil Society and Its Institutional Context in CEE." Springer US, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11266-019-00106-7.
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Although civil societies in Central and Eastern Europe are often portrayed as similar, united by a shared communist past, they have developed along increasingly divergent trajectories over the past three decades. This article investigates the current state of civil society in the region and the role the institutional context plays in it. Drawing on historical institutionalism and the process of European integration, we classify the 14 countries under investigation into three distinct groups and analyze data from a survey of more than 350 local civil society experts. We find that, together with domestic governments, international donors and the EU are perceived as the most influential institutional actors for civil society organizations. Their respective influences, however, depend largely on a country's stage in the EU accession process. Overall, the study provides a differentiated mapping of civil society in this region and a better understanding of how the institutional context relates to a Country's civil society.
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Dimitrova-Grajzl, Valentina P. "Essays on the historical and current institutional development of South East and Central European states." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3403.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2006.Thesis research directed by: Economics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Paek, Robert S. "A historical view of equity pricing and institutional investor behaviour : the United States, 1953-2000." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424789.
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Eskici, Burak. "Institutional and Cultural Roots of Industrial Development in Modern Turkey." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11545.
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In this dissertation I investigate the historical, institutional, and cultural roots of different regional development trajectories in modern Turkey. Historical comparison of two similar cities of 1920's, namely Kutahya and Kayseri, enabled me to solve the Anatolian Tigers Puzzle, which can be defined as how come very similar cities of rural Anatolia in 1920's experienced such different development patterns in the last 80 years. The most similar case design led to the model, which explains the different regional development patterns of Anatolian cities. In this model, I argue that behind the success story of Kayseri, there is a path dependent virtuous cycle, which was initiated by early state enterprises; accelerated via local institutional reforms during critical junctures; and sustained by socio-cultural context. This theoretical model explains not only the difference between Kutahya and Kayseri, but it is also in line with the success story of other developed Anatolian cities.Sociology
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McCarthy, Daniel R. "Power, information technology, and international relations theory : the institutional power of the Internet and American foreign policy." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/31d00cb8-faee-462c-bec6-394ca740d162.
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This thesis examines the place of information communications technology (ICT) as a form of power in International Relations (IR) theory. Through an examination of the dominant approaches to ICTs in IR I outline the need to introduce a concept of technological power which can account for agency and culture in the process of technological design and development. Turning towards the critical theory of technology of Andrew Feenberg, the thesis argues that conceptualizing technology as biased but ambivalent provides the space within which agency may be considered alongside the structuring characteristics of technology to provide a more theoretically balanced and analytically productive account of the politics of technology. Building upon this foundation, the thesis outlines ICTs as a form of institutional power in international politics, acting upon agents at a distance in both space and time. This form of power is enmeshed in, and supported by, structural power relations and the interrelated discursive and ideological forms of power which maintain these structures. I examine the utility of these concepts through an extending empirical illustration of the role of the Internet in American Foreign Policy. This analysis argues that the Internet, as a product of American technological development, expresses a bias towards liberal capitalist values which forces other states to either alter their social practices or enact costly filtering regimes. The open networks of the Internet thereby facilitate the pursuit of an Open Door foreign policy by the United States government. Accounting for the technologically embedded cultural norms of the Internet casts a different light upon the nature of power in international relations, and requires that we take the constitution of an global material culture into account in our theories of international relations.
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Gularte, Rebecca A. "No Girls in the Clubhouse: A Historical Examination of the Institutional Exclusion of Women From Baseball." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/86.
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An examination of the origins of the separation of boys into baseball and girls into softball due to Victorian era ideas about gender, and the current day institutional exclusion through Title IX and culturally constructed notions about the appropriate place of women in the sporting world.
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Jintamanaskoon, Santi. "Privatization and industry reform : an historical case study of British Rail 1960-1980." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/privatization-and-industry-reform-an-historical-case-study-of-british-rail-1960--1980(7ff0068b-9143-4605-bc09-242e77f205b4).html.
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Drawing on institutional perspective – institutional change, institutional legitimacy and the three institutional pillars – this doctoral study is developed to disentangle a complexity of successive industry reforms that have shaped a development of British railways in general and a growing idea of a railway privatization in particular. This adds to the body of knowledge, which so far has tended to focus on enhancing the sector’s performance outcomes, by arguing that performance improvement is not a whole story of the railway’s privatization. Indeed, as an archival research in British railway’s reform (1960s - 1980s) has revealed, a growing idea of a private sector’s involvement was constructed as the governments at the times sought to draw and (re-) draw boundaries among interest groups in order for British railways to de-lock from a historical development path of nationalization industry. Furthermore, the study also found that the idea of privatization was dynamically legitimized and maintained by the government’s reform agenda that blended a performance rationale with political and socio-economic conditions of British railway at the times. Indeed, this historical-institutional analysis in British railway’s reform suggests that a privatization of British railways is more socially and politically complex than generally understood as the government’s attempt in making an efficient railway sector. As such, in order to advance this field of study both academic scholars and the industry practitioners should pay more attention on the influence of institutional dynamics that shapes a performing of British railway rather than narrowly focusing a performance improvement issue.
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Canecky, Marek. "Reforming the European Commission: A historical institutionalist approach : Why has the reform of the Commission been difficult?" Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-5510.
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The reform of the European Commission has been on the EU agenda for more than three decades. The attempts to introduce an overhaul of the Commission’s institutional structure has been motivated predominantly by the fact that the efficiency of the functioning of the European Commission has been in decline. Despite the striking need to restore the Commission's efficiency, which has become even more urgent in the last decade, the attempts to improve its modus operandi have been marked by many obstacles, difficulties and delays.
This thesis aims to analyze and explain why the process of reforming the European Commission has been so problematic. In order to achieve this goal, the theoretical framework of historical institutionalism has been utilized. More precisely, we mainly build on the work of Paul Pierson, whose concepts help us understand the reasons behind the failure of a number of reform plans regarding the Commission and clarify why the institutional structure of the European Commission is characterized by a high degree of stability.
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Martin, Caitlin A. "Facilitating Institutional Change Through Writing-Related Faculty Development." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1617961494207509.
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Morgan, Mila Marc. "Essays on Income Distribution : Methodological, Historical and Institutional Perspectives with Applications to the case of Brazil (1926-2016)." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH194.
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Cette thèse consiste en trois essais sur la répartition des revenus, du point de vue de la production statistique (méthodes) et du développement économique (histoire et institutions). Le premier chapitre traite le problème croissant des enquêtes auprès des ménages de bien représenter les revenus les plus élevés. Il propose une nouvelle méthode pour réconcilier les données d'enquêtes avec des informations provenant de sources plus fiables, telles que des données fiscales. La méthode produit un base micro de données qui préserve la cohérence des autres variables socio-démographiques aux niveaux individuel et global, afin de permettre la poursuite des recherches dans un cadre distributif plus représentatif. La procédure est illustrée par des applications empiriques dans cinq pays, couvrant des contextes développés et moins développés pendant de nombreuses années. Les deuxième et troisième chapitres utilisent tous deux la méthode décrite dans le premier chapitre pour mesurer et analyser les inégalités de revenus pour différentes périodes et motifs au Brésil - une économie illustrative du développement tardif, où les enquêtes auprès des ménages sont une source de plus en plus problématique à partir de laquelle obtenir des informations crédibles sur la croissance relative des revenus de différentes parties de la population. Le deuxième chapitre combine des données non encore réconciliées afin de mettre au jour de nouvelles preuves et une nouvelle compréhension de l’inégalité des revenus au Brésil, en mettant l’accent sur la période très controversée des années 2000. Il constate que les inégalités au bas de l'échelle 90% de la répartition ont diminué, mais que la concentration au sommet persiste à des niveaux très élevés. Cette dichotomie était due à la forte croissance moyenne des revenus dans les deux extrêmes de la distribution, principalement entre 2002 et 2013, alors que le milieu de la distribution était serré. La réduction des inégalités parmi une grande partie de la population était due à la réduction des inégalités des revenus du travail, mais insuffisante pour empêcher la concentration croissante du revenu national parmi les élites économiques. Le chapitre contextualise les résultats afin de comprendre ce qui peut être le moteur de la dynamique, du rôle progressif de la politique sociale au rôle régressif du système fiscal et de la politique monétaire. Le troisième chapitre étend l'analyse de l'inégalité brésilienne sur une période historique plus longue afin de déterminer d'où elle vient. L’objectif général est de jeter un nouvel éclairage sur la dynamique de la distribution à long terme et son lien avec la croissance économique dans un pays en développement tardif. Basé sur la construction d'un ensemble de données riches sur les inégalités couvrant l'ensemble de la population depuis 1976 et un groupe de revenu supérieur depuis 1926, et sur sa combinaison avec d'autres informations sur les inégalités et statistiques macro, le chapitre montre les niveaux et la persistance sans précédent de la concentration du revenu au Brésil, malgré des fortes changements économiques et politiques. Le chapitre explique l'absence d'un force égalitaire soutenu dans le pays par une théorie endogène des changements institutionnelles, qui découle de changements structurels et économiques, mais que les élites s'approprient finalement pour éviter la redistribution de facteurs "fondamentaux" (terre, capital, revenu, éducation), que les mutations économiques et les acteurs sociaux associé semblent exiger. Il identifie le coup militaire de 1964 et ses conséquences comme un moment crucial dans l’histoire de l’inégalité au Brésil, dont les idées et les politiques ont en grande partie suspendu la croissance inclusive, réservé des étranglements distributifs aux futurs gouvernements, et dont l’héritage se fait encore sentir aujourd'huiThis PhD thesis consists of three essays on income distribution, from the point of view of statistical production (methods) and economic development (history and institutions). The first chapter deals with the growing problem of household surveys to accurately portray the top tail if the income distribution. It proposes a new method to reconcile survey data with information from more trusted sources, such as tax data. The method produces a micro-dataset that preserves the consistency of other socio-demographic variables at both the individual and aggregate levels, to allow future research to be carried out under a more representative distributive framework. The procedure is illustrated by empirical applications to five countries, covering both developed and less-developed contexts over numerous years. The second and third chapters both make use of the method described in the first chapter to measure and analyse income inequality for different time periods and motives in Brazil -- a perennial late-developing economy, where household surveys are an increasingly problematic source from which to obtain credible information on the relative income growth of different parts of the population. The second chapter combines data from previously un-reconciled sources to uncover new evidence and a new understanding of income inequality in Brazil, focusing on the much debated period of the 2000s. It finds that inequality within the Bottom 90% of the distribution declined, but concentration at the top persisted at very high levels. This dichotomy was given by the strong average income growth in both tails of the distribution mainly between 2002 and 2013, while the middle of the distribution was squeezed. The fall in inequality among a large part of the population was due to the fall in labour earnings inequality, which was nonetheless insufficient to prevent the growing concentration of national income among economic elites. The chapter contextualises the findings to understand what may be driving the dynamics, from the progressive role of social policy, to the regressive role of the tax system and monetary policy. The third chapter extends the Brazilian inequality analysis over a longer historical time-frame to examine where it has come from. The overall objective is to shed new light on long-run distributional dynamics and their connection with economic growth in a late-developing country. Based on the construction of a rich inequality dataset covering the whole population since 1976 and a top income group since 1926, and its combination with other distributional information and macro statistics, the chapter shows the unprecedented levels and persistence of income concentration in Brazil, despite tumultuous economic and political change. It explains the absence of any sustained egalitarian levelling in the country through an endogenous theory of institutional shifts, which originate from structural-economic changes, but get ultimately appropriated by elites to avoid the redistribution of fundamental factors (land, capital, income, education) that the economic changes and related social actors seem to demand. It identifies the military coup of 1964 and its aftermath as a crucial moment in the history of Brazilian inequality, whose ideas and policies largely suspended inclusive growth, consigned distributional bottlenecks to future governments, and whose legacy can still be perceived today
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Waldenström, Daniel. "Essays in historical finance." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Institutionen för Nationalekonomi, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-562.
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This dissertation concentrates on the interplay between politics and financial markets using various empirical tools applied on historical financial statistics. The first essay examines the effect of stock transaction taxation on trading activity and asset prices, specifically focusing on the case of early 20th century Sweden. The main finding is that the tax substantially reduced trading as well as the level of asset prices. In the second essay, modern ex post historical writing is contrasted with the ex ante views of contemporaries which are estimated from historical price data. The specific case study is the events around World War II related to the Nordic countries and Germany. The comparisons point out considerable differences between the assessments of historical events in the ex post and ex ante approaches. The third essay is an empirical study of price controls on asset price movements and how these controls affect asset returns. The study finds that the controls have large significant effects which even may influence estimates of the long-run equity premium. Altogether, this raises concerns about the use of century-long series of asset returns without correcting for the impact of institutional variation and market constraints. Finally, the fourth essay examines the growth effects of international financial liberalization and integration using a large country- industry sample from the 1980s. The main result is that industries highly dependent on external financing do not experience higher value added growth in countries with liberalized financial markets. Liberalization does, however, increase the growth rates of both output and firm creation among externally dependent industries. These results are consistent both with increased competition and increased outsourcing.Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 2003
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Clydesdale, Greg. "Industrial leadership : a historical analysis of merchant shipping." Lincoln University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1712.
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This thesis set out to explore the forces that determine the rise and fall of industrial leadership. It attempted to do this by applying an industry life cycle model to the shipping industry. The industrial life cycle was posited on the basis of existing literature, particularly the growth of knowledge, evolutionary and institutional literature, which lend themselves to patterns of industrial growth and entrapment. On this basis, this thesis set out to examine whether industrial leadership can be explained by a four-staged process of imitation, catch up, advance and entrapment. However, this thesis has exposed something more complicated. Processes of imitation, catch up advance and entrapment were shown to be at work in the shipping industry, but they were tempered by the effects of military and political forces that may not be exogenous, and the trend from regionalism to globalisation. The original model did not encompass early indigenous developments that are not based on imitation that do not immediately lead to a position of advanced leadership. In this light, a better description of the first stage would be capability building.
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Ferar, Nolan Y. "Neoliberal Ideologies and Cultural Models of Work among Young French and American Business Students and Professionals: A Study in Institutional Change and Cultural Meaning." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/91.
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In this thesis I analyze semi-structured interviews I conducted with fifteen young French and American business students and professionals in order to uncover cultural models relating to work, while paying particular attention to the acceptance or rejection of neoliberal ideas. To contextualize the analysis, I first review the history of neoliberal ideology along with its arrival and political and institutional influence in both countries. In the U.S., the neoliberal transition was rapid and dramatic under the Reagan administration, which constitutes a critical institutional juncture and a shift in the dominant paradigm of governance. In France, in contrast, neoliberal policies have been implemented reluctantly and incrementally, suggesting traditional French values relating to the state and its role in regulating the economy remain largely intact. In line with these historical patterns, the Americans I spoke to primarily conceptualize work as a commodity, accepting the definition of work as defined in the market; while the French interviewees conceptualize work as personal fulfillment and occupational citizenship, emphasizing the human and psychological essence of work and the need for moral regulation of the market economy, perceived as immoral and anarchic. Overall, the Americans much more readily accepted neoliberal ideas and policy directives and towards which the French were far less welcoming. In particular, I argue that the traditional role of the French state as responsible for the wellbeing of its citizens presents a major obstacle to neoliberal ideology, historically on an institutional level as well as in the minds of the French interviewees.
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Simpson, David. "Lacanian Psychoanalytic Theory and the Historical Progression of Discourse: The Shifting of Social and Institutional Identity in Post-World War II America." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28878.
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The purpose of this study is to present an alternative way of analyzing the behavior of our leading social and governmental institutions through the employment of Lacanian psychoanalytic theory, specifically Lacan's theory of discourse. Lacan used the term discourse to show that a society's primary social link is founded on language, reflected back through society in the form of discursive practices. According to Lacanian discourse theory, a subject's movement into language and the social bond that is created between people as a result of this movement are at the center of our current cultural condition. More mainstream approaches to organizational behavior have traditionally focused on observed human action to explain human behavior and the correlation of this behavior with possible remedial actions. Lacanian discourse theory, with its foundation in psychoanalytic theory, enables the formulation of a model of institutional behavior that goes beyond more mainstream approaches by focusing on behavior at the unconscious level.
The central premise of this dissertation is that there has been a cultural shift in the United States from the dominant form of discourse of the modern era to a new form of discourse. This new discourse has led to serious disconnections between our current social bond and true human desire. By employing Lacanian discourse theory, changes in the deeper, structural level of how a society relates to and communicates with each other will be revealed, thus providing greater insight into the current social condition of the United States and how this condition affects the behavior of its leading public institutions.Ph. D.
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Lee, Sophia Seung-Yoon. "Labour market risks and institutional determinants : an international comparative study of institutions and non-standard employment with a focus on East Asia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:25328c2c-1db6-4ccb-ade3-78f2e05d7cad.
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Korea and Japan stand out in the group of OECD countries for their rapid increase in, and high levels of, non-standard employment. The empirical evidence leads us to a two-part puzzle: Why are there so many precarious workers in Korea and Japan? And what are the institutional determinants of such labour market risks? This thesis commences by introducing the concept of 'risk shift', and the fuzzy-set ideal type approach is employed to conduct a comparative study of 18 countries. The labour market risks in Korea and Japan are then compared in an international context with 16 selected OECD countries. Fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis is employed to investigate the institutional determinants of labour market risks. It then focuses on the increase in non-standard employement in Korea and Japan. Taiwan is also included as a contrasting case, the study taking an institutional approach employing Comparative Historical Analysis. Chapters employing CHA examine how the different welfare production regimes evolved and how they matter in explaining the high rate of non-standard employment in East Asia. The new risk discussion, the argument on the definition and impact of deindustrialization and lastly theories on East Asian welfare states are revisited in the conclusion of this thesis. Finally, I critically discuss the notion of precarious workers and highlight the centrality of social policy that their organizational configuration affects political culture, the formation of the production system, the structure of the labour market and the kind of risk a country could experience.
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DeRiviere, Linda. "The historical gendering of Canadian (un)employment insurance, a feminist-institutional critique of the changing nature of work and family/maternity policy." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0025/MQ51702.pdf.
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DeRiviere, Linda. "The historical gendering of Canadian (un)employment insurance a feminist-institutional critique of the changing nature of work and family/maternity policy." Ottawa : National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.nlc-bnc.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0025/MQ51702.pdf.
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Komine, Ayako. "Becoming a non-immigration country with immigrants : the institutional regime of Japanese immigration policy towards economic migrants." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3966566c-dce1-4bd2-b7f1-86eee560b6b1.
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How can one detect and understand change in the face of apparent continuity? This is the question which has been asked by some scholars of institutionalism. One way of answering this is to make analytical room for incremental change as an endogenous source of institutional transformation. Put bluntly, one does not always need spectacular exogenous events, such as wars and revolutions, to explain institutional change. The present thesis is a qualitative case study of Japan’s immigration policy towards economic migrants since the 1980s. Its aim is to uncover a causal mechanism behind the policy development by drawing on a model of institutional change put forward by James Mahoney, Wolfgang Streeck and Kathleen Thelen. At first, the inquiry may seem ill-founded for Japan is neither an immigration country nor an immigrant-receiving country. Indeed, the country still lacks an immigration policy to speak of, and immigrants continue to be called gaikokujin (foreigners) as opposed to imin (immigrants). A closer examination of the recent policy development, however, shows that the content and practice of Japanese immigration policy simply belie its self-description. Since 2012 the Japanese government has admitted highly-skilled migrants as potential permanent residents using a points-based system and has incorporated foreigners into the resident register system for Japanese citizens in order to facilitate their integration into Japanese society. The central claim of the present research is that Japanese immigration policy has become increasingly settlement-oriented as an unexpected consequence of earlier policy decisions and that the change has been endogenously effected without dismantling the pre-existing institution of immigration management. In making this claim, I particularly draw attention to the way in which a cumulative effect of minor changes eventually transformed the basic nature of the policy institution.
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Park, Sooyoung. "The emergence of the merit-based bureaucracy and the formation of the developmental state : the case of South Korea in a historical perspective." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-emergence-of-the-meritbased-bureaucracy-and-the-formation-of-the-developmental-state-the-case-of-south-korea-in-a-historical-perspective(e0f811df-0429-47e4-8bc1-3b9d2596972b).html.
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This research has analyzed how the institutions of the merit-based bureaucratic system in the Korean Government changed from 1948 to 1963, applying the gradual institutional change theory of Mahoney and Thelen (2010). Though copious research has been produced on Korean economic development, little analysis has been made on the emergence of the Korean developmental state. This research aimed to fill in the analytical gap by examining how effective bureaucratic institutions was established in the Korean developmental state to draw out implications for the institutional change theory as well as the discussion on the developmental sate and state capacity. This research has found that the merit-based bureaucratic institutions of the Korean Government positively changed in a piecemeal approach from 1948 to 1963, though once disturbed from 1955 to 1959. Contrary to the existing literature, this research also has found that the institutional setting for the merit-based bureaucracy was set from the very beginning of the Syngman Rhee Administration; however, the selective implementation and enforcement of the rules in the Syngman Rhee period hindered the Weberian bureaucracy. This research has, therefore, drawn out that for positive institutional change, the role of the change agents is critical especially the vertical chain of reformative leadership and capable practitioners. The low level of opposition is beneficial for not only positive but also negative change. In the end, in the case of Korea, the initially ambiguous institutions provided the actors with considerable discretion to manipulate or misuse rules. As a result of the institutional reform the rules and regulations became detailed reducing the gap between what the rules say and how the rules are implemented. The empirical tests of this research have confirmed the basic assumptions of the gradual institutional change theory of Mahoney and Thelen (2010). Firstly, the empirical results have shown that the institutional change has more to do with a piecemeal internal process than to do with any external shock or event. Secondly, the gap between the existence and the enforcement of an institution has also been proved valid. Thirdly, the empirical tests have confirmed the influence of three change factors producing different types of change in the theory. Based on the empirical findings, this research has identified important implications for the institutional change theory with three key areas for improvement. The first is the validity of the three modes of change in the theory. The test has identified the need to address the different magnitudes of the three factors affecting change. This research has also identified the need to clarify the definition of gradualness and the concept of the change agents to solidify the theory. This research has also enriched the discussion on the developmental state and state capacity by identifying the limitations of the merit-based institution in different contexts. Based on the analysis, this research has drawn out four key lessons for developing countries and for the donors: the importance of the enforcement of rules; the synchronized reform coalition between committed leadership and competent practitioners; the importance of understanding local contexts; and the relationship between dictatorship and development. By analyzing the emergence of the bureaucratic institutions, this research has not only broadened our understanding of development and state capacity but also presented a practical policy solution to overcome the persistent state of incapacity in the developing countries today.
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Cesaris, Luis Enrique Urtubey de. "Reconceitualizando o Institucionalismo Histórico: path dependence, agencia e mudança institucional." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8131/tde-12032010-125421/.
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O núcleo desta dissertação é desenvolver um conceito de path dependence mais parcimonioso, coerente e útil, seja teoricamente ou em estudos empíricos. Neste sentido, o insight fundamental é que se partimos de uma conceitualização mais dinâmica, baseada mais em externalidades negativas do que em rendimentos crescentes, o conceito de path dependence pode ser inerentemente mais operacionalizável, robusto e ressoar melhor com a literatura e os estudos Institucionalistas Históricos. O conceito de path dependence pode também ser mais compatível com várias elaborações realizadas dentro do próprio Institucionalismo Histórico sobre questões como mudança institucional, mecanismos explicativos, complementaridade, idéias e agência, e, portanto, enriquecer-se graças aos mesmos.The objective of this dissertation is to develop a more parsimonious, coherent and useful concept of path dependence, both theoretically and empirically. Its fundamental insight is that with a more dynamic conceptualization, based more in negative externalities than in increasing returns, the concept of path dependence can be inherently more robust and resonate better with the literature and Historical Institutionalist studies. The concept of path dependence can also be more compatible with several theoretical developments which have arisen within Historical Institutionalism regarding questions such as institutional change, social mechanisms, complementarities, ideas, agency and, therefore, to be enriched by them.
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Razza, Henri. "L'appréhension historique du déclin de l'Empire Romain chez Saint Jérôme." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1051.
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C’est pendant une période très troublée que Saint Jérôme (347-419) exerce son activité intellectuelle surabondante.Remarqué par le pape Damase en 382, ce dernier lui confie la lourde tâche de refaire la traduction latine des textes de la Bible. Cette traduction sera connue sous le nom de Vulgate. Certes Saint Jérôme n’est pas un juriste de formation, mais son érudition et ses solides connaissances juridiques lui permettent d’analyser le déclin de l’Empire Romain avec une double approche : à la fois religieuse et institutionnelle. Cette analyse met en exergue un véritable sens de l’histoire propre au saint Docteur de l’Eglise.Ainsi après une lutte acharnée contre les hérésies, Saint Jérôme va s’attacher à peindre le tableau de ce monde romain s’effondrant sous les coups répétés des barbares : « Mon cœur frémit en abordant les désastres de notre temps. Voilà plus de vingt ans qu’entre Constantinople et les Alpes Juliennes, le sang romain coule tous les jours ». (Epist. IX, 16). Les écrits de Jérôme, avec notamment les fameuses Correspondances, en disent beaucoup sur le désarroi éprouvé par un peuple entier.Grâce à l’éclairage d’autres auteurs, nous étudierons cette période cruciale de l’Antiquité, qui a vu l’éclosion des plus grands esprits de l’époque et dont Saint Jérôme est l’une des figures les plus marquantesIt was during a very troubled period that Saint Jerome (347-419) operated his abundant intellectual activity.Noticed by Pope Damasus in 382, he entrusted him the arduous task of re-translation of Latin texts of the Bible. This translation will later be known as the Vulgate. Although Saint Jerome is not a lawyer by training, his erudition and solid legal knowledge enable him to analyze the decline of the Roman Empire with a dual approach : both religious and institutional. This analysis demonstrakes a true vision of History in this Church Father’s mind.Thus after a fierce fight against heresies, Saint Jerome will focus on the disaster of the Roman’s world collapse, under the repeated blows of the barbarians : « My heart trembles in thinking of the disasters of our time. For over twenty years, between Constantinople and the Julian Alps, the Roman blood has been flowing every day ». (Epist. IX, 16). Jerome’s writings, including the famous « Correspondances », say much about the distress experienced by an entire people.With the lighting of other authors, we will examine this crucial period of antiquity, which saw the emergence of the greatest minds of our time, which Saint Jerome is one of the most significant
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Geha, Carmen. "Explaining institutional constraints on civil society and reform in Lebanon and Libya : path dependence and ‘partially’ critical junctures." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/5939.
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This thesis is an inquiry into the challenges to the role of civic organisations in political reform during and after political transitions. The major question this research addresses is: How do institutions and institutional dynamics constrain political reform during a transition? The thesis examines how demands for reform by non-governmental organisations in Lebanon and Libya were not translated into concrete political decisions taken by regimes during a transition period. The thesis suggests that the combination of weak states and power-sharing agreements marginalizes civic organisations, and poses institutional constraints on the likelihood of reform. The thesis is based on contemporary research on events and reform trajectories in Lebanon and Libya, with a focus on the demands and strategies employed by activists during periods of transition. Lebanon between 2005 and 2010 and Libya between 2011 and 2013 underwent critical political events but subsequently did not adopt political reforms despite demands by civic organisations in two main areas: the electoral system in Lebanon and the constitutional process in Libya. A study of these two reform campaigns reveals deeply entrenched historical patterns and elements of continuity that led to path dependent outcomes during transition. By utilising theory and concepts from the perspective of historical institutionalism, the thesis identifies the factors behind path dependent outcomes in Lebanon and Libya. I argue that the transitions in Lebanon and Libya were a result of only ‘partially' critical junctures. The thesis builds on the approach of path dependence by offering insights as to how historically inherited institutional dynamics from the previous regime can cause junctures to be only ‘partially' critical for the broader political order. The main source of data comes from participant observations, interviews and focus groups with two organisations that tried to advance electoral reform and constitutional development.
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Bjørkquist, Catharina. "Stakeholder influence in higher education old ideas in new bottles? /." Doctoral thesis, Karlstad : Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Political Science, Karlstads universitet, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-4711.
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Fuller, Randetta Lynn. "A Comparative Study between the Standards of Learning and In-Class Grades." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1737.
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We examined the Standards of Learning mathematics scores and in-class grades for a rural Virginia county public school system. We looked at third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh grades as well as Algebra I, Algebra II, and Geometry classes. The purpose of this was to determine whether or not there is a strong correlation between the Standards of Learning and the students' in-class grades. Had a strong enough correlation between the Standards of Learning and in-class grades been found we would have used only the in-class grades to predict the Standard of Learning test scores. However, we found that the students' in-class grades are not the only predictor of the Standards of Learning test scores. With the coefficient of determination ranging from 6.8% to 84.4%, this indicates that at best 84.4% of variation in the response is explained by the model for Algebra II and at worst only 6.8% for Algebra I.
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Ferreira, Rafael Chaves. "Difusão audiovisual do Arquivo Histórico Municipal de Santa Maria como meio de comunicação com a sociedade." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2015. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/11059.
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Is essential that the society of Santa Maria and region has knowledge and recognizes the MHASM and its function, as well as their actions and their services, and how to enjoy these, and for this there must be the diffusion of the institution. From this it was questioned: "Can some kind of audiovisual diffusion be develop, as means of communication with society, to promote the MHASM, its actions and its services?". In order to answer this and as a mean of spreading the work of the MHASM, focusing on audiovisual diffusion, this study sought to achieve the following objectives: achieve audiovisual diffusion of MHASM by developing an institutional video that identifies and characterizes the Archive and all that concerns it; conduct a study of corporate videos from state public archives and the Federal District Archive in order to obtain information for the institutional video production from MHASM; and demonstrate the importance of audiovisual diffusion to the Archive. Applied methodology was used with quantitative and qualitative approach, being also exploratory, descriptive and bibliographic, using forms as data collection tools. To support the research, concepts, authors and references were used that were related to patrimony, cultural heritage, archive, public archive, historical archive, diffusion, archival diffusion, audiovisual, and institutional video. Taking into account the literature used, the context of the research universe and the studies and actions taken, the objectives listed above were achieved. Thus, it is displayed here all the theoretical and technical process employed for the institutional video production of the MHASM leading to the audiovisual diffusion of the institution.É essencial que a sociedade de Santa Maria e região tenha ciência e reconheça o AHMSM, sua função, ações e serviços, e como gozar destes, e para isso é preciso que haja a difusão da instituição. A partir disto questionou-se: é possível desenvolver algum recurso de difusão audiovisual, como meio de comunicação com a sociedade, para divulgar o AHMSM, suas ações e serviços? . Com a intenção de responder a isto, tendo por tema a difusão do AHMSM, com enfoque na difusão audiovisual, buscou-se atingir os seguintes objetivos: realizar a difusão audiovisual do AHMSM, por meio do desenvolvimento de vídeo institucional, identificando e caracterizando o Arquivo e tudo que lhe diz respeito; realizar estudo dos vídeos institucionais dos arquivos públicos estaduais e do Distrito Federal, a fim de se obter subsídio para a produção de vídeo institucional do AHMSM; e demonstrar a importância da difusão audiovisual para o Arquivo. Utilizou-se metodologia de natureza aplicada, com abordagem quanti-qualitativa, sendo também exploratória, descritiva e bibliográfica, fazendo-se uso de formulários como instrumentos de coleta de dados. Para subsidiar a pesquisa, abordaram-se conceitos, autores e referenciais relacionados a patrimônio, patrimônio cultural, arquivo, arquivo público, arquivo histórico, difusão, difusão arquivística, audiovisual, vídeo institucional. Levando-se em consideração a literatura abordada, a contextualização do universo da pesquisa e os estudos e ações realizadas, teve-se como resultados obtidos o alcance dos objetivos acima apresentados. Deste modo, é apresentado todo o processo teórico e técnico empregado para a produção do vídeo institucional do AHMSM e, consequentemente, a difusão audiovisual da instituição.
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Ouyang, Yu. "New Models of the Unilateral Presidency." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/polysci_etds/16.
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Though scholars have assessed the unilateral presidency with renewed interests, the literature remains weak in three important areas. What relation, if any, exists between the public and presidential unilateral actions? What impact does the judiciary have on unilateral presidential power? To what extent do presidents use the many tools in the unilateral policy toolchest? The three essays in this dissertation address each of these questions in term. Results have implications for both the unilateral presidency and broader works in executive decision-making and democratic governance.
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Moreira, Thiago de Miranda Queiroz. "A criação da Defensoria Pública nos Estados: conflitos institucionais e corporativos no processo de uniformização do acesso à justiça." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8131/tde-19122016-092047/.
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Por que uma instituição se estabelece com maior facilidade em um local do que em outro? Essa questão motiva o presente trabalho, que investiga em perspectiva comparada a criação da Defensoria Pública instituição concebida para prestar assistência jurídica nos Estados brasileiros a partir de um marco comum: a Constituição de 1988. A abordagem institucionalista deste estudo sustenta que, para explicar a questão enfrentada, é preciso direcionar o foco da investigação para a estrutura institucional e para os atores que compõem o sistema de justiça. Dessa maneira, a hipótese formulada e avaliada nesta pesquisa demonstra que arranjos institucionais implantados em certos Estados, antes de 1988, para desempenhar a assistência judiciária fixaram atores interessados na sua permanência, e isso dificultou a criação da Defensoria local. Esses arranjos institucionais conferiam a setores da Procuradoria-Geral do Estado e/ou a advogados particulares a função de atender juridicamente as pessoas pobres. Arranjos diferentes de assistência judiciária, presentes em outros Estados, produziram o efeito contrário, ou seja, estimularam certos atores a buscarem o desenvolvimento do modelo proposto pela Constituição. Em outras palavras, a implementação da Defensoria não ocorreu em terreno vazio, mas, ao contrário, teve que disputar o espaço já ocupado por outras instituições e atores no interior do sistema de justiça. Sua criação enfrentou constrangimentos maiores em alguns Estados por causa do tipo de arranjo institucional de assistência judiciária previamente existente. Veremos que essa abordagem, além de destacar o potencial do institucionalismo histórico para analisar mudanças institucionais do sistema de justiça, coloca em evidência o ativismo político de atores estatais como elemento central da explicação. Esse ativismo é essencial para compreender o desenvolvimento da Defensoria Pública no Brasil.Why does an institution take root more easily in one place than in other? This issue motivates the present study, which investigates in a comparative perspective the creation of Public Defenders Office an institution designed to provide legal aid in the Brazilian States, considering the existence of a common legal base: the Federal Constitution from 1988. The studys institutionalist approach argues that, to explain the question addressed, it is necessary to direct the researchs spotlight to the structure and actors, which composes the justice system. Thus, the developed and evaluated hypothesis shows that institutional arrangements embedded before 1988 in certain States to promote legal aid have set some actors interests in the status quo maintenance, and that hampered the creation of Public Defenders Office in such States. These institutional arrangements ascribed legal aid to State Attorney Generals departments and/or to private lawyers. There were different frameworks of legal aid in other States, which engendered the opposite effect, that is, they prompted some actors to seek to develop the model proposed by the Constitution. In other words, the Public Defenders Office was not implemented in emptiness; instead it had to contend for space within justice system that was already occupied by other actors and institutions. Its creation faced major constraints in some States because of the kind of earlier existing institutional arrangements for legal aid. We will see that this approach, besides highlighting the historical institutionalisms potential to analyze changes in Brazilian justice system, emphasizes the political activism of state actors as a key factor for the explanation. This kind of activism is essential to understand the development of Public Defenders Office in Brazil.
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Yasar, Rusen. "The institutionalization of multilevel politics in Europe." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/269685.
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This thesis addresses the question as to why multilevel politics is becoming an integral part of politics in Europe. Multilevel politics is conceptualized as a system which functions through a complex web of political relations within and across levels of decision making. The thesis argues that the rise of multilevel politics can be explained by its institutionalization in terms of the emergence, the evolution and especially the effects of relevant institutions. Based on a mixed-method research project, the influence of European institutions on subnational actors and the alignment of actor motives with institutional characteristics are empirically shown. The first chapter of the dissertation establishes the centrality of institutions for political transformation, examines the role of transnational and domestic institutions for multilevel politics, and contextualizes the research question in terms of institution-actor relations. The second chapter develops a new-institutionalist theoretical framework that explains the emergence, the evolution and the effects of the institutions, and formulates a series of hypotheses with regard to freestanding institutional influence, power distribution, material benefits and political identification. The third chapter outlines the mixed-method research design which addresses individual-level and institutional-level variations through a Europe-wide survey and a comparative case study. The fourth chapter on survey results shows generally favourable views on multilevel politics, and strong associations of these views with the independent variables under scrutiny. The fifth chapter specifies a multivariate model which includes all posited variables and confirms the majority of the hypotheses. Therefore, the new-institutionalist argument is broadly confirmed, while there is relatively weak evidence to sustain sociological explanations. The final chapter compares the Committee of the Regions and the Congress of Local and Regional Authorities, and examines the institutional characteristics which correspond to the hypothesized variables. It is then concluded that the two institutions share several overarching similarities, and display complementarity in other aspects.
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Martin, Robin. "African American Leadership in Urban Institutions of Higher Education: A Case Narrative of the Social, Cultural, and Institutional Impact of an Individual Leader at a Historically White Institution." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1368024654.
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Silva, Aldo José Morais. "Instituto Geográfico e Histórico da Bahia: origem e estratégias de consolidação institucional (1894-1930)." Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, 2006. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/13614.
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Este trabalho analisa a origem e o processo de consolidação do Instituto Geográfico e Histórico da Bahia de 1894 a 1930, considerando a sua participação na promoção da desejada modernidade e civilidade da sociedade baiana no contexto da ‘modernização’ brasileira que caracterizou a Primeira República. Com esse propósito discute-se as condições históricas do nascimento da instituição e sua relação com o antigo Instituto Histórico Provincial que lhe antecedera. Do mesmo modo, discute a utilização do IGHB para inserção da Bahia no projeto nacional republicano, tendo como elemento chave a análise das discussões sobre questão racial na Bahia e o interesse do instituto em respaldar os discursos acerca da imigração européia para o estado. O trabalho discute, ainda, a utilização destas mesmas questões pelo IGHB como vias e estratégias de interlocução com a sociedade e governo baiano, visando o apoio necessário à sua consolidação institucional. Após estas considerações, o estudo evidencia o momento de consolidação do IGHB e as implicações deste fato para as relações do Instituto com o governo e a sociedade, bem como sobre as características da sua produção institucional. This study analyzes the origin and the process of consolidation of the Geographic and Historical Institute of Bahia from 1894 to 1930, observing its participation in the effort to promote the modernity and civility of bahian society in that context of the brazilian modernization, which characterized the First Republic. With this objective, this paper discusses the historical conditions of the institution source and its relation with the ancient Provincial Historical Institute than precede it. This study debate, further, the use than GHIB for insertion of Bahia into national republican project, utilizing to this the examination of the debates about the racial question in Bahia and the efforts of the Institute about to stand up for the discourses about European immigration to Bahia. The text discusses, further, the use of these same questions by the GHIB as channel and strategies of interlocution whit the society and Bahian government, thinking about the necessary support to its institutional consolidation. After these considerations, the study discusses the moment of consolidation of the GHIB and its implications for the relations of the Institute with the government and the society, as well as about the characteristics of its institutional production.
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Leubolt, Bernhard. "History, institutions, and selectivities in historical-materialist policy analysis: A sympathetic critique of Brand's State, context and Correspondence." Österreichische Gesellschaft für Politikwissenschaft (ÖGPW), 2014. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4870/1/Leubolt_2014_OZP_History%2Dinstitutions%2Dand%2Dselectivities.pdf.
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This contribution shares Ulrich Brand's reliance on critical theories of the state and hegemony. Based on three points of criti-cism, the author argues for a better elaboration of the context of policy making. First, he proposes to consider a broader range of theoretical currents than the interpretive accounts introduced by Brand: (1) A strategic-relational interpretation of historical institutionalism will be introduced, (2) featuring the concept of "periodisation" for a systematic understanding of historically evolving structures. In addition to the introduction of a broader range of theoretical currents, (3) Brand's proposed concept of "selectivities" will be further refined and specified to be better able to grasp the workings of the "institutional condensation of the correlation of forces" in the policy cycle. The proposed conceptualisation of historical-materialist policy analysis will be exemplified by a short stylised example of research on equalityoriented policies in South Africa. (author's abstract)
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Poon, King-lai. "Historical development of the correctional services in Hong Kong." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1988. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12840701.
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Jarotschkin, Alexandra. "Historical Experiments and Economic Development." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH083.
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Cette thèse étudie l'impact à long terme de politiques menées en Tanzanie et en URSS sur le développement économique et les représentations sociales et culturelles. Les deux premiers chapitres s'intéressent aux politiques de développement tanzaniennes connues sous le nom d'ujamaa. Le troisième aux déportations ethniques ordonnées par Staline pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Le chapitre 1 s'intéresse à l'impact à long terme du statut "en développement" d'un village. Le chapitre 2 étudie l'impact de la diversité ethnique sur la confiance inter-ethnique, toujours en utilisant les ujamaa en Tanzanie. Le chapitre 3 étudie la propagation des valeurs et des cultures entre des populations différentes mises en contact par les déportations ethniques ordonnées par StalineThis dissertation studies historical experiments and their impact on contemporaneous economic development and attitudes. The first chapters explore different aspects of the big-push policies known as the ujamaa in Tanzania. The third chapter focuses on the ethnic deportations that were carried out under Stalin's orders during WWII. Chapter 1 studies the long-term impact of having been designated as developmental during the time of the ujamaa on local economic development, as proxied by night light luminosity. Chapter 2 examines the effect of ethnic diversity on inter-ethnic trust, exploiting the ujamaa-induced exposure of groups as part of the policy's villagization program. Chapter 3 studies cultural diffusion using an episode in history in which close co-existence of different cultural groups was exogeneously imposed in a real-word setting without constraints on the interaction between them: Stalin's ethnic deportations during WWII
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Camus, Etchecopar Argitxu. "A historical comparative study of Basque institutions in the United States /." abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2008. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3329565.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2008."August 2008." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 393-410). Library also has microfilm. Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [2009]. 1 microfilm reel ; 35 mm. Online version available on the World Wide Web.
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Costa, Carina Martins. "Uma arca das tradições: educar e comemorar no Museu Mariano Procópio." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/8991.
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This thesis is a reflection on the making o Brazilian History writings in museums since the 1920s, a central moment for the establishment of a republican 'pedagogy of nationality' based on museal support. Some of the political-pedagogic efforts of those institutions were observed in order to understand the chief characteristics of an educational paradigm for historical knowledge in museums. Thus, the analysis of civic celebrations, guides and expositions allowed an approximation of the memorial activations of museum actors, with special attention to the continuities, negotiations and transformations o the projects, particularly in their pedagogic dimension. Mariano Procópio Museum was chosen as a case study both due to its specificities, which leads us to understand the 'concert' of national museums from the countryside, and to the relevance of its collection and the intensity of educational actions developed under the Geralda Armond management (1944-1980). The Armond management in the center of this thesis, marked by the defense of institutional continuity and of the framing of the Lage family memory; by the struggle of the material maintenance of the museum, with a close approximation to the civilian and military regime; and by the search for the professionalization of personnel and for dynamism in actions. The results highlight the multiplicity and fragility of the museum’s identity formation, associated to the fact that it is a 'municipal' museum. A situation which explains, at least in part, its oblivion in the national scene, despite its expressive collection and its articulation with the school system, through the strengthening of the civic sense of its pedagogic actions.
Esta tese é uma reflexão sobre a construção de escritas da História do Brasil em museus, a partir da década de 1920, momento fulcral para o estabelecimento de uma 'pedagogia da nacionalidade' republicana, que tem por suporte o discurso museal. Alguns dos esforços político-pedagógicos dessas instituições foram observados, com o objetivo de compreender as principais características de um paradigma educativo para o saber histórico nos museus. Assim, a análise das comemorações cívicas, dos guias de divulgação e das exposições permitiu uma aproximação das ativações memoriais ensejadas pelos atores dos museus, com atenção para as continuidades, as negociações e as transformações dos projetos, especialmente em sua dimensão pedagógica. O Museu Mariano Procópio foi selecionado para a realização de um estudo de caso, tanto por suas especificidades, que nos induzem a pensar o 'concerto' dos museus nacionais a partir do interior do país como pela relevância de seu acervo e pela intensidade de ações educativas desenvolvidas na gestão de Geralda Armond (1944-1980). A gestão Armond é o foco da tese, sendo marcada pela defesa da continuidade institucional e do enquadramento da memória da família Lage; pela luta pela sustentação material do Museu, inclusive com uma forte aproximação com o regime civil e militar; e pela busca da profissionalização de quadros e do dinamismo das ações. Os resultados atentam para a multiplicidade e fragilidade na construção identitária do Museu, associada ao fato de ser um museu 'municipal'. Uma situação que explica, ao menos em parte, seu esquecimento no cenário nacional a despeito de seu acervo expressivo e das articulações encetadas com o sistema escolar, por meio do fortalecimento do sentido cívico de suas ações pedagógicas.
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Guerra, Pedro Henrique Giocondo. "O PAC e o setor de ferrovias: do incrementalismo à proposta de um novo paradigma." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/11573.
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The work offers a historical analysis of the recent measures adopted by the Brazilian federal government for the development of the railways sector, with an aim to verify if the Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento, PAC, represented a paradigm shift. We conclude that the PAC itself did not represent a shift from the paradigm inaugurated with the privatization of the sector that occurred between 1996 and 1998. Nonetheless, it represented the strengthening of the state in its planning role, which had started with the PNLT, in its entrepreneurial role, with the strengthening of Valec and, indirectly, in its regulating role, with the edition of resolutions by ANTT, which aimed to integrate the railway networks under the care of private companies and make them more competitive.
O trabalho analisa historicamente as recentes medidas do governo federal para o desenvolvimento do setor de ferrovias, buscando verificar se o PAC representou uma mudança de paradigma. Conclui-se que o PAC, em si, não rompeu com o paradigma inaugurado pela desestatização do setor, ocorrida entre 1996-1998. No entanto, reforçou o papel do Estado como planejador, iniciado com o PNLT, como empresário, com o fortalecimento da Valec e, de maneira indireta, como regulador, com o a edição de novas resoluções pela ANTT, em resposta a seus objetivos de integrar as malhas ferroviárias concedidas e de torná-las mais competitivas.
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Poon, King-lai, and 潘景鼐. "Historical development of the correctional services in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1988. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31975586.
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Dover, Cailey. "The Influence of Caribbean Historical Institutions on the Struggle for LGBTQ Equality." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34651.
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This thesis analyzes LGBTQ equality in the two Caribbean islands of Guadeloupe and Jamaica. The research answers the question: what key institutional factors can explain the variance in LGBTQ equality in Guadeloupe and Jamaica? I argue that variances in local LGBTQ equality between Guadeloupe and Jamaica can be explained by analyzing the different political, legal and socio-cultural historical institutions in these two islands. The central conclusion contends that historical institutions with a political or legal dimension have created significantly different levels of LGBTQ legal equality in Guadeloupe and Jamaica while socio-cultural historical institutions have helped to establish a similar level of LGBTQ equality in social and cultural realms. This thesis thus makes the case for using a historical institutionalist perspective to examine LGBTQ activism in the Caribbean.
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Grainger, Alex. "Alternative forms of power in East Timor 1999-2009 : a historical perspective." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2013. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3496/.
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This thesis presents an alternative to prevailing understandings of politics in East Timor in the period 1999-2009. Employing the language of state-building, dominant views posit that the new nation’s ‘crisis’ in 2006 is attributable to a ‘weak state’, arguing that substantial constraints on ‘human development’, a legacy of either the Indonesian period or failures of UN state building, presented insurmountable challenges to ‘capacity building’ which hampered the development of a public administration and other arms of the state. A closely related body of analysis attributes the causes, passage and resolution of ‘crisis’ to actors from the political elite. In this view, intraelite conflict foreclosed the possibility of the crisis’s early resolution, and attributed crisis to bad ‘policy-making’. A second perspective posits that a crisis was the result not of a weak state, but of the disempowerment of a strong civil society, that through ‘networked governance’, a legacy of the resistance network against Indonesia, can be relied on to rule. This thesis suggests that the remarkable uniformity of these analyses can be explained by their having: a) largely overlooked pre-1999 politics; and b) used a liberal perspective in which both abstractions and technical solutions (rule of law, capacity building) are assumed to be able to ‘correct’ ‘problems’ leading to ‘crisis’. This thesis proposes an explanation for contemporary politics found not solely in crisis or peace, but in the past. The postcolonial state is examined through the lens of colonial power relations, in terms of the extent and limits of modern ‘bio-power’. Successive chapters examine health and hygiene, the inculcation of norms and dispositions, family and habitat, and monetization. These themes are related back to state formation across the 20th century, and moreover, to an evaluation of life and death, processes evident throughout the practices of contemporary politics, including being significant in the institution of the postcolonial state. A key site of this power across time has been ‘missionary power’, embedded and semi-autonomous from the colonial state, rather than the Catholic Church per se. The manifold limits of colonial bio-power are identified not only as being a result of the paucity of material resources of the state, therefore, but also colonial ambivalence over subjects, durable relations between (and divergent representations of) missionaries and indigenous authorities, and contradictions between ‘modernity’ and ‘tradition’, all of which are shown to play out in contemporary politics. Through this analysis, the thesis reveals an alternative interpretation of East Timor since 1999, and offers possibilities for considering politics in other postcolonial contexts.
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Swanson, Felicity. "“Of unsound mind”: a history of three Eastern Cape mental institutions, 1875-1910." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9712.
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Includes bibliographical references.This thesis investigates the origins, development and consolidation of a regional network of three publicly funded and regulated mental institutions in the colonial Eastern Cape, between the years 1875 to 1910. Fort England asylum in Grahamstown was established in 1875. Port Alfred asylum followed in 1889 and the Fort Beaufort institution was opened in 1894. Each asylum retained its own distinctive character and function based on the nature of its patient population. Although geographically dispersed the asylums were intimately connected to each other, forming one integrated system to treat and manage the mentally ill. This thesis critically examines the changing patterns of care in these Eastern Cape institutions, during an important period of social, economic and political change in the Cape Colony. It traces the social and ideological construction of mental illness that was shaped by the racial, class and gendered hierarchies of colonial society. Based on empirical research, this thesis draws on Foucault's insights into the character and uses of disciplinary power implicated in the production of 'regimes of truth' about the mentally ill. The Eastern Cape institutions provide an important record of the ways in which the power invested in psychiatric theory and practice was exercised in a colonial context. In a moment hailed for its reform and progress in the treatment and care of mental illness, strategies for the exclusion, regulation and control of black mental patients were expanded in these Eastern Cape institutions. The major legacy in the treatment of mental illness in the Eastern Cape was the establishment of a system of control for black patients that was to inform future policy decisions after Union.
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Selesho, Jacob M. "The historical perspectives of Quality Assurance in South African Higher Education Institution." Interim : Interdisciplinary Journal, Vol 5, Issue 1: Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/417.
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Published ArticleQuality Assurance has changed drastically in the last five years and these changes have impacted heavily on the operation of Higher Education Institutions in South Africa. The paper will review the process of quality assurance from as early as Certification of Council of Technikons Education (SERTEC) and Quality Promotion Unit (QPU) days. SERTEC and QPU did, pave the way for the Higher Education Quality Committee (HEQC) to perform its roles as assigned by the Council of Higher Education (CHE).