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Journal articles on the topic 'Institutional Barriers to Entry'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Skiti, Tedi. "Institutional Entry Barriers and Technological Innovation." Academy of Management Proceedings 2018, no. 1 (2018): 17767. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2018.17767abstract.

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Kosi, Tanja, and Štefan Bojnec. "INSTITUTIONAL BARRIERS TO BUSINESS ENTRY IN ADVANCED ECONOMIES." Journal of Business Economics and Management 14, no. 2 (2013): 317–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16111699.2011.633348.

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The paper empirically examines the impact of freedom from regulation in different institutional areas on business entry rate in 10 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries over the period 1995–2007. Employing the feasible generalized least squares econometric approach, it discloses a positive association between business entry and the overall institutional freedom. Economic freedom in different institutional areas, however, does not appear to have the same importance for business entry. Institutional freedoms that are the most beneficial for business creation are produc

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Bertheussen, Bernt Arne, Bent Magne Dreyer, Øystein Hermansen, and John Roald Isaksen. "Institutional and financial entry barriers in a fishery." Marine Policy 123 (January 2021): 104303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2020.104303.

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Melo, Juliana Rabelo, Sérgio Henrique Arruda Cavalcante Forte, and José Milton De Sousa Filho. "The Brazilian Banking Industry: A Study of the Entry Barriers to Foreign Institutions." Revista Ibero-Americana de Estratégia 13, no. 3 (2014): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/ijsm.v13i3.2105.

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Brazil began 2013 year with the announcement of the Central Bank of Brazil (BCB) on whether to authorize the entry of new nineteen foreign banks. Moreover, there are barriers to entry in any market. They are structural and can be hardly changed by potential entrants. The research investigates what are the entry barriers the foreign banks will face in the Brazilian market. The theory indicated the barriers should be surveyed, and other specific barriers emerged from consultation with 112 experts from the banking market. They were divided into market barriers and institutional barriers. The rese

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Zhang, Lin, and Changqi Wu. "Dealing with Institutional Entry Barriers: How Does Antidumping Protection Impact Firm Scope." Academy of Management Proceedings 2016, no. 1 (2016): 15775. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2016.15775abstract.

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Skiti, Tedi. "Institutional entry barriers and spatial technology diffusion: Evidence from the broadband industry." Strategic Management Journal 41, no. 7 (2020): 1336–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smj.3146.

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Brasic, Jovana. "Institutional barriers to market entry of the Republic of Serbia and potential competition." Pravni zapisi 7, no. 1 (2016): 117–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/pravzap0-10832.

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Strow, Brian, and Claudia Strow. "Institutional barriers to productive public-sector entrepreneurship." Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy 7, no. 4 (2018): 306–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jepp-d-18-00040.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to outline barriers to public-sector entrepreneurship and explore the impact of those barriers on population shifts within the USA. Design/methodology/approach This paper lays out five specific barriers to public-sector entrepreneurship: barriers to entry and exit for consumers and producers, increased centralization and concentration in government, the lack of residual claim amongst public-sector actors, the rise of public-sector union membership and increasingly uncompetitive elections. The paper then assesses the impact of each of these barriers on popul

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Kufuor, Kofi Oteng. "The Struggle for Entry into Ghana’s Commercial Transport Sector." Global Journal of Comparative Law 1, no. 1 (2012): 102–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2211906x-00101004.

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Government erected entry barriers to the commercial transport market in Ghana offers an opportunity to explore socio-economic problems with particular reference to developing countries. Our study focuses on the clash between market incumbents in Ghana’s commercial transport sector and new entrants, motorbike operators who sell their services to passengers and are thus competing with incumbents. Using the New Institutional Economics as a tool for analysis we examine the tensions in the market and how the law is used to suppress competition and what can be done to overcome this suppression of ma

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Khandelwal, Amit K., Peter K. Schott, and Shang-Jin Wei. "Trade Liberalization and Embedded Institutional Reform: Evidence from Chinese Exporters." American Economic Review 103, no. 6 (2013): 2169–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.103.6.2169.

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If trade barriers are managed by inefficient institutions, trade liberalization can lead to greater-than-expected gains. We examine Chinese textile and clothing exports before and after the elimination of externally imposed export quotas. Both the surge in export volume and the decline in export prices following quota removal are driven by net entry. This outcome is inconsistent with a model in which quotas are allocated based on firm productivity, implying misallocation of resources. Removing this misallocation accounts for a substantial share of the overall gain in productivity associated wi

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Andersson, Fredrik O., and Michael Ford. "Entry Barriers and Nonprofit Founding Rates: An Examination of the Milwaukee Voucher School Population." Nonprofit Policy Forum 8, no. 1 (2017): 71–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/npf-2016-0021.

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AbstractIn this study we examine how formal barriers to entry correlate with levels and changes in the founding rate of new voucher schools in Milwaukee. Drawing from a unique dataset covering founding attempts and successful foundlings of voucher schools since the early 1990s we show how formal institutions regulating entrepreneurial efforts have an impact on both attempts and success rates. For example, our analysis indicates that the removal of the non-sectarian school requirement led to an increase in entrepreneurial attempts. Likewise, we find that erecting of institutional barriers in th

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Walker, Stacy E., Thomas G. Weidner, and Kirk J. Armstrong. "Evaluation of Athletic Training Students' Clinical Proficiencies." Journal of Athletic Training 43, no. 4 (2008): 386–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-43.4.386.

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Abstract Context: Appropriate methods for evaluating clinical proficiencies are essential in ensuring entry-level competence. Objective: To investigate the common methods athletic training education programs use to evaluate student performance of clinical proficiencies. Design: Cross-sectional design. Setting: Public and private institutions nationwide. Patients or Other Participants: All program directors of athletic training education programs accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs as of January 2006 (n = 337); 201 (59.6%) program directors responde

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Chiang, Yat-Hung, Edwin Hon-Wan Chan, and Lawrence Ka-Leung Lok. "Prefabrication and barriers to entry—a case study of public housing and institutional buildings in Hong Kong." Habitat International 30, no. 3 (2006): 482–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2004.12.004.

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Campos, Nauro F., and Mariana Iootty. "Institutional barriers to firm entry and exit: Case-study evidence from the Brazilian textiles and electronics industries." Economic Systems 31, no. 4 (2007): 346–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecosys.2007.08.001.

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Wilson, Marenda A., Anthony L. DePass, and Andrew J. Bean. "Institutional Interventions That Remove Barriers to Recruit and Retain Diverse Biomedical PhD Students." CBE—Life Sciences Education 17, no. 2 (2018): ar27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1187/cbe.17-09-0210.

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The faculty and student populations in academia are not representative of the diversity in the U.S. population. Thus, research institutions and funding agencies invest significant funds and effort into recruitment and retention programs that focus on increasing the flow of historically underrepresented minorities (URMs) into the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) pipeline. Here, we outline challenges, interventions, and assessments by the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (GSBS) that increased the diversity of th

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Haddoud, Mohamed Yacine, Adah-Kole Onjewu, Paul Jones, and Robert Newbery. "Investigating the moderating role of Export Promotion Programmes using evidence from North-Africa." critical perspectives on international business 14, no. 2/3 (2018): 282–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cpoib-11-2016-0059.

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PurposeBased on an institutional approach to explaining firms’ internationalisation, this paper aims to empirically investigate the role of Export Promotion Programmes (EPPs) in moderating the influence of export barriers perceptions on small and medium enterprises’ (SMEs) propensity to export.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses evidence from Algeria, the largest North-African country. The data were collected using an online questionnaire, targeting SMEs operating in the manufacturing sector. The study considers the influence of procedural, informational, environmental and functional bar

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Lewis-Beck, Michael S., and Peverill Squire. "The Politics of Institutional Choice: Presidential Ballot Access for Third Parties in the United States." British Journal of Political Science 25, no. 3 (1995): 419–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123400007274.

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During the nineteenth century, a presidential voter actually selected a party-prepared candidate list, casting it in full view of others. The ‘Australian’ ballot, adopted in nearly all states by 1900, took away party preparation of the ballot. State officials now prepared overall candidate lists from which the voter picked in secret. The introduction of the Australian ballot was heralded as a blow against political corruption and for ‘good government’. But practical questions arose. With the state itself responsible for the ballot, how should it decide which candidates to list? Some barriers t

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Sáez, Lawrence. "The Political Economy of Financial Services Reform in India: Explaining Variations in Political Opposition and Barriers to Entry." Journal of Asian Studies 68, no. 4 (2009): 1137–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911809990805.

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This article offers an explanation for disparities in the speed and level of political opposition to reform of the financial services sector in India. Focusing on the disparity of outcomes in reform of the insurance and the banking sector, the author suggests why some barriers to entry were present in India during the reform process. The author extends this argument to explain differing levels of political opposition to reform in the banking and insurance sectors. To provide empirical support for this theoretical construct, the author uses measures of market segmentation and market concentrati

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Redbird, Beth, and Angel Alfonso Escamilla-García. "Borders within Borders: The Impact of Occupational Licensing on Immigrant Incorporation." Sociology of Race and Ethnicity 6, no. 1 (2019): 22–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2332649219833708.

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Over the past four decades, occupational regulation, particularly licensing, which creates a legal right to practice, has engulfed the American occupational structure. Occupational licensure research typically offers theoretical arguments suggesting that licensing limits individuals’ entry into an occupation. For migrants arriving with little financial capital, licensing requirements can act as substantial barriers to occupational entry. On the other hand, licensing delineates, codifies, and publicizes uniform standards for occupational entry, which may have the effect of enhancing accessibili

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Blavoukos, Spyros, and Dimitris Bourantonis. "Policy Entrepreneurs and Foreign Policy Change: The Greek–Turkish Rapprochement in the 1990s." Government and Opposition 47, no. 4 (2012): 597–617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.2012.01376.x.

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AbstractBesides systemic changes that lead to the re-prioritization of foreign policy objectives, foreign policy change is also a result of domestic policy entrepreneurs’ pursuit of a political return. Their potential to orchestrate change depends on the existing entry barriers that emanate from the political and institutional features of the domestic policy-making process. It is accentuated by system-wide developments and security crises that illustrate old policy failure. This article discusses the role of policy entrepreneurs in foreign policy change by reference to the Greek–Turkish rappro

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Timilsina, Purnima, and Nand Ram Gahatraj. "Indirect Cost of Institutional Delivery under Safe Motherhood Program in Pokhara Metropolitan." Journal of Health and Allied Sciences 9, no. 2 (2019): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.37107/jhas.132.

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Introduction: Cost analysis can be an important element and it help to sort out important economic issues. The economic constraint is one of the factors that hinder service utilization among rural women attending urban health although there is Maternal Incentive Scheme, households often have to pay a too large share of the indirect costs of maternity services, or do not seek care because of it. Methods: Cross sectional study design which is community based with quantitative method were used for this study to assess the indirect cost of institutional delivery under safe motherhood program

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Bordandini, Paola, and Rosa Mulé. "Attitudes and opinions of Italian middle-level elites in the new millennium. Adaptation, innovation, or persistence?" Italian Political Science Review/Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica 48, no. 1 (2017): 23–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ipo.2017.14.

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The literature on party politics has generally conceived of party change as party adaptation. Building on the theories of institutional change based on critical juncture analysis, our work contributes to the literature in two ways. Theoretically, by unpacking the concept of party change in three dimensions: adaptation, innovation, and persistence. This multidimensionality has been unduly neglected in the literature, too exclusively focussed on party adaptation. Empirically, the article analyses whether the attitudes and opinions of middle-level elites reveal adaptation, innovation, or persiste

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de Leeuw, Sjifra E., and Angela K. Bourne. "Explaining Citizen Attitudes to Strategies of Democratic Defense in Europe: A Resource in Responses to Contemporary Challenges to Liberal Democracy?" International Journal of Public Opinion Research 32, no. 4 (2019): 694–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/edz042.

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Abstract It has long been speculated that banning parties from participation in elections may be counterproductive because it might provoke societal resistance. Using the European Social Survey (2002–2010; N = 195,405), our study suggests otherwise. We demonstrate that party bans enjoy the legitimacy of majority support. This holds true irrespective of countries’ resilience to extremist influences (or lack thereof) resulting from “institutional intolerance,” electoral entry barriers and authoritarian legacies. Individual orientations toward the democratic establishment do matter to a small ext

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Machado, Marcelo Andre, and Diana Indiara Ferreira Jardim. "Foreign Direct Investment in Brazilian Hospitals: Mapping Institutional Environment and Scenarios for the Investors." Journal of Health Management 21, no. 4 (2019): 476–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972063419884445.

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This article maps the probable scenarios for Brazilian hospital market, considering the institutional environment of the country from the law change, which allowed for the first time, from January 2016, foreign direct investment (FDI) in healthcare services. To present the likely scenarios of the next decade, in the opinion of healthcare actors in Brazil, a quantitative–qualitative field study was conducted. The first step was to carry out in-depth interviews with 13 experts from hospital groups, private health insurance companies, government, healthcare workers and foreign investors. Three sc

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Copeland, Amy L., Michael S. Businelle, Diana W. Stewart, Scott M. Patterson, Carla J. Rash, and Colleen E. Carney. "Identifying Barriers to Entering Smoking Cessation Treatment Among Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Smokers." Journal of Smoking Cessation 5, no. 2 (2010): 164–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/jsc.5.2.164.

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AbstractBackground:Efficacious smoking cessation interventions exist, yet few smokers utilise available resources such as psychosocial treatment programs and pharmacotherapy. The goals of the present study were to (1) identify perceived barriers to entering smoking cessation treatment programs among socioeconomically disadvantaged smokers, who are presently underrepresented in smoking cessation interventions; (2) determine what variables are most important in predicting the barriers identified (i.e., age, gender, ethnicity, income, nicotine dependence level, smoking rate, years smoking, stage

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Morrison, Nariell, Michelle Machado, and Clare Blackburn. "Student perspectives on barriers to performance for black and minority ethnic graduate-entry medical students: a qualitative study in a West Midlands medical school." BMJ Open 9, no. 11 (2019): e032493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032493.

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ObjectiveTo explore graduate-entry medical students experiences of undergraduate training in the context of academic underperformance of medical students from ethnic minority backgrounds.DesignQualitative study using semi-structured focus groups.SettingA West Midlands medical school.Participants24 graduate-entry MBChB students were recruited using volunteer and snowball sampling; all students self-identified as being from Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) backgrounds.ResultsBME students reported facing a range of difficulties, throughout their undergraduate medical training, that they felt imped

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Bueno Merino, Pascale, Alexandre Lavissière, and Tibor Mandják. "Emergence of a higher education born global in Africa." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 19, no. 3 (2018): 194–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1465750318762864.

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The aim of this article is to identify the role of the business network in the emergence of a higher education born global in Africa, which must become international as soon as it is created in order to ensure its longevity. The emergence of a new international business school in Togo is analyzed from a business network perspective. The establishment of key interorganizational relations thanks to signs of institutional and individual trust participates in the emergence of a new organization in an environment characterized by strong barriers to entry (national and international accreditations,

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Lee, Daniel J. "Take the Good With the Bad." American Politics Research 40, no. 2 (2011): 267–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1532673x11414118.

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Institutional barriers frustrate third-party challenges to major-party dominance in American politics. Conventional wisdom claims that the ballot access petitioning requirement hurts minor parties. This claim, however, conflates two dimensions of third-party success: (a) ability to get on the ballot and (b) ability of actual candidates to win votes. The requirement is hypothesized to have a negative effect on the first dimension but a positive effect on the second. Modeling these two dimensions separately gives evidence of cross-cutting effects. The first equation is a probit model of entry th

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Taylor, Zack, and Sandra McEleney. "Do Institutions and Rules Influence Electoral Accessibility and Competitiveness? Considering the 2014 Toronto Ward Elections." Urban Affairs Review 55, no. 1 (2017): 210–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078087417703753.

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Electoral and campaign finance reforms are believed to improve the competitiveness of elections and the accessibility of the electoral process; however, the interaction between electoral institutions and competitiveness and accessibility in nonpartisan municipal elections remains understudied. This article examines the City of Toronto, which exemplifies many of the reforms proposed in the American context, including a strict campaign finance regime and low barriers to candidate entry. Analysis of campaign finance disclosure data and candidate characteristics for Toronto’s 2014 ward elections r

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Ambler, Steven B. "The Debt Burden of Entry-Level Physical Therapists." Physical Therapy 100, no. 4 (2019): 591–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzz179.

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Abstract Background The growing student debt of physical therapists entering the workforce, coupled with the growth in projected need, raises concerns about where and how entry-level physical therapists will practice and if these choices will be affected by their debt burden. Objective The purpose of this study was to identify the debt profile of entry-level physical therapists and explore relationships between student debt and clinical practice setting choices. Methods This study utilized a cross-sectional survey design to identify debt profiles and explore relationships between student debt

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Hassink, Jan, John Grin, and Willem Hulsink. "Identity formation and strategy development in overlapping institutional fields." Journal of Organizational Change Management 29, no. 6 (2016): 973–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jocm-07-2015-0122.

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Purpose Care farming is an underexplored example of agricultural diversification. In their process of diversification, care farmers are newcomers to the healthcare sector, facing high entry barriers and lacking the skills required to build a solid and legitimate presence in this new domain. Changes in the care regime have provided opportunities for new players, like regional organizations of care farmers, to gain access to care budgets. The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyze how strategies designed to establish regional organizations of care farms with similar access to instituti

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Singh, Gurpreet. "Access to Non-farm Employment in Contemporary India: A Study of Bihar and Punjab." Social Change 50, no. 4 (2020): 532–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049085720957512.

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Rural non-farm diversification in India is taking up new roles amidst increasing agrarian distress. In this context, two issues have been examined in this paper: first, the nature of rural non-farm diversification, and second, the accessibility of households to rural non-farm employment in the states of Bihar and Punjab. The study is predominantly based on unit level data of the latest round of the Situational Assessment Survey of Agricultural Households (NSSO). Findings suggest that while non-farm activities are largely adopted by landless and marginal land households in both states, there ar

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Pandey, Anjali. "“Authorized to work in the US”: Examining the myth of porous borders in the era of populism for practicing linguists." Ethnicities 20, no. 5 (2019): 863–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468796819861197.

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This paper explores top-down, enacted, institutional pushbacks to supermobility and superdiversity in the under-examined arena of academia using emerging frameworks in political economy and the geography of mobility. Zooming in on the discoursal framings of a recent year of job advertisements on a popular, open-source forum for linguists supplemented with qualitatively and quantitatively sourced data from international, national, and local institutional contexts, the paper examines how macrocontextual pushes toward political populism combined with a synchronous tightening of job markets in aca

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Donkor-Hyiaman, Kenneth Appiah, and Kenneth Nii Okai Ghartey. "Legal origins and mortgage finance contradictions." International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 10, no. 1 (2017): 156–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhma-03-2016-0019.

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Purpose This study aims to examine why Ghana has English legal origins (hypothesised as a legal framework that promotes financial development) but has not developed a well-functioning mortgage finance market. Design/methodology/approach The authors adopt the institutional autopsy approach developed by Milhaupt and Pistor (2008). This study is not a cross-country study but a historical examination of Ghana’s mortgage finance regulatory framework. The institutional autopsy framework considers the iterative process of change in a system and allows for context-specific system analysis. Findings Th

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Podshivalova, Mariya, and Dmitriy Podshivalov. "Estimate of Some Transaction Costs for Small Industrial Enterprises." Moscow University Economics Bulletin 2017, no. 5 (2017): 40–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.38050/01300105201753.

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The article attempts to evaluate certain types of transaction costs for small businesses. In particular, it considers the costs of access to the law, tax burden, administrative burden, costs of illegality, specification and property rights protection, the costs of information search, costs of opportunistic behavior of employees. The author evaluates the impact of forthcoming institutional changes on transaction costs for small industrial enterprises in the context of such key "chronic problems" for this type of enterprises as low output demand, lack of investment, administrative barriers, unde

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Hill, Emorcia V., Michael Wake, René Carapinha, et al. "Rationale and Design of the Women and Inclusion in Academic Medicine Study." Ethnicity & Disease 26, no. 2 (2016): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.18865/ed.26.2.245.

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<p><strong>Background and Objective:</strong> Women of color (WOC) (African American, Hispanic, Native American/Alaskan Native, and Asian American) faculty remain disproportionately underrepresented among medical school faculty and especially at senior ranks compared with White female faculty. The barriers or facilitators to the career advancement of WOC are poorly understood. The Women and Inclusion in Academic Medicine (WIAM) study was developed to characterize individual, institutional and sociocultural factors that influence the entry, progression and persistence, and adv

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Ekemode, Benjamin Gbolahan, and Abel Olaleye. "Asset allocation decision-making practices of institutional real estate funds in a developing economy." Property Management 38, no. 3 (2019): 457–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pm-03-2019-0012.

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Purpose In a bid to broaden the understanding of the real estate investment decision-making framework, the purpose of this paper is to examine the real estate asset allocation decision-making practices of real estate funds in Nigeria, a developing economy. This is with a view to providing information toward enhancing real estate investment decisions. Design/methodology/approach A mixed-methods approach comprising a combination of literature review, expert interviews and semi-structured questionnaire survey is adopted for this study. Through literature review and expert interviews, the asset al

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Lara, Patricia Tanganelli, and Eladio Sebastián-Heredero. "Organização do acesso e permanência das pessoas com deficiência no ensino superior a partir da instauração do Programa Incluir." Revista on line de Política e Gestão Educacional 24, esp. 2 (2020): 1137–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22633/rpge.v24iesp2.14337.

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The Incluir Program influenced institutional policies for the implementation of accessibility actions for people with disabilities in higher education, in all Brazilian states. With financial support from the MEC, Brazilian universities created and/or restructured diversity support units in Federal Institutions of Higher Education and State Institutions of Higher Education. Thus, the objective of this work is to analyze how the current situation is, from the productions of theses and master's thesis, since their publication, to understand how these Higher Education institutions have organized

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Nabors, Emily, Mindy Renfro, Jon Pynoos, Sarah L. Szanton, Jon Sanford, and Susan Stark. "INNOVATIONS IN HOME MODIFICATION RESEARCH: THE STATE OF THE ART." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (2019): S635. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2365.

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Abstract The overwhelming preference of older adults is to stay in their homes for as long as possible (AARP). However, most housing lacks supportive features and presents barriers that jeopardize residents’ ability to successfully age in place. Only 1% of houses have five key features to ensure accessibility: no-step entry, single-floor living, lever door handles, accessible electrical controls, and extra-wide doors and hallways (Harvard Joint Center for Housing Studies), making the vast majority unsuitable for persons who use wheelchairs and problematic for the growing number of people with

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Nunes, C. M., A. A. Anderaos, and Cintia Leal Marinho de Araujo. "The 2020 Reform of the Water and Sanitation Services Sector in Brazil." BRICS Law Journal 8, no. 2 (2021): 66–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21684/2412-2343-2021-8-2-66-88.

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With over 100 million people without access to sewage collection and treatment and over 35 million lacking access to piped drinking water, the water and sanitation services (WSS) sector in Brazil ranks last among all the infrastructure sectors. Despite previous efforts to reach universal coverage, the gap remains wide. In order to reduce this gap, the Brazilian Parliament approved the reform of the WSS sector in July 2020. This paper examines the state of the water and sanitation services in Brazil before 2020 as well as the potential effects of the recently approved reform. It demonstrates th

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Schiappacasse, Paulina, Bernhard Müller, Le Thuy Linh, and Peter Wirth. "Construction Aggregates and Environmental Policy Integration in a One-Party State: The Case of Hoa Binh, Vietnam." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (2020): 6890. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12176890.

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In fast growing economies, rapid urbanization generates high demand for construction aggregates in the rural hinterland of cities. Their extraction often causes negative repercussions on the environment. In Vietnam, the central government has made strong efforts to incorporate environmental objectives in the aggregate mining sector, and, in a one-party state, it has powerful means to implement its policies. Nevertheless, adverse environmental effects of aggregate mining are visible throughout the country. Against this background, the purpose of this paper is to identify barriers for environmen

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Sutradhar, Rajib, and Anamika Das. "Supermarkets and Rural Inequality in India: A Case Study of Reliance Fresh." International Journal of Rural Management 16, no. 1 (2020): 81–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973005219898918.

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Drawing upon insights from growing strand of value chain literature, this article examines primary data collected from farmers supplying cauliflower and spinach to Reliance Fresh in the outskirts of Jaipur to understand the implication for farmer households of emergence of supermarket in a smallholder-dominated setting. The article finds that as a lead firm, Reliance Fresh is adopting flexible models of sourcing, devoid of any resource provision, to procure fresh produce of required quality and standards. In such a context, the barrier to participation of smallholders in supermarket-driven agr

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Skryl, Tatiana, and Marina Gregoric. "Food commodity market under uncertainty: regulation of access and influence on decision making." E3S Web of Conferences 222 (2020): 06002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202022206002.

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The article reveals the principles of functioning of food products market in Russia in conditions of uncertainty. The current reality has arisen not only because of the decisions of foreign countries in the field of international trade, but also because of the emergence of threats to the lives of the population through the spread of a particularly dangerous infection throughout the world. Governments of many countries had to accept the new conditions of uncertainty as an objective necessity to reconstruct the economic system, identify weaknesses in the economy and build medium-term plans for t

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Castro, Hector E., Tanya Malpica-Llanos, Ruth Musila, et al. "Sharing knowledge for policy action in low- and middle-income countries: A literature review of managed entry agreements." Medicine Access @ Point of Care 3 (January 2019): 239920261983424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399202619834246.

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Managed entry agreements (MEAs)—a type of formal institutional arrangement between pharmaceutical companies and payers for sharing the risk with respect to the introduction of new pharmaceutical technologies—may expand access to new pharmaceutical technologies for non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Although common in highincome countries (HICs), there is limited evidence of their use in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This article aims to document international experiences of countries implementing MEAs and potential barriers and facilitators for their use in LMICs. We reviewed publis

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Ananth, Prasanna, Natasha Archer, Natalie Bucheimer Collins, et al. "Use of a fever fast track tool to reduce time to antibiotic dose in febrile pediatric oncology patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 32, no. 30_suppl (2014): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2014.32.30_suppl.222.

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222 Background: Given the risk of serious bacterial infection in immunocompromised cancer patients, fever should be promptly treated with empiric antibiotics. Our institutional standard is to administer antibiotics in ≤ 60 minutes from on-site fever or from arrival time with known fever. Review of our febrile outpatient pediatric oncology clinic patients from October-December 2013 revealed that 53% met this metric. Our aim: To achieve a sustained rate of 80% of febrile patients receiving antibiotics in ≤ 60 minutes within 8 weeks. Methods: We developed and implemented a fever fast track tool i

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Havens, Jennifer R., Takako Schaninger, Hannah Fraser, et al. "Eliminating hepatitis C in a rural Appalachian county: protocol for the Kentucky Viral Hepatitis Treatment Study (KeY Treat), a phase IV, single-arm, open-label trial of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir for the treatment of hepatitis C." BMJ Open 11, no. 7 (2021): e041490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041490.

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ObjectivesThe overall goal of the Kentucky Viral Hepatitis Treatment Study (KeY Treat) is to eliminate hepatitis C transmission from a county in Appalachian Kentucky by removing the barriers to accessing hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment.Methods/analysisKeY Treat is a phase IV, open-label, single-arm clinical trial of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (SOF/VEL) for the treatment of viraemic HCV infections. Those eligible for KeY Treat are at least 18 years of age, viraemic and are residents of the target county. Pregnant women are not eligible. Rapid HCV RNA screening is used to determine eligibility, an

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Ahmed, Raisuddin. "652 Beyond Subsistence: The Prospects and Problems of Horticultural Products in Agricultural Diversification of Developing Countries." HortScience 35, no. 3 (2000): 510C—510. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.510c.

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Transformation of developing, subsistence economies into commercial and industrialized societies accompanies a declining share of agriculture in the gross domestic product (GDP). However, the shares of high-value products like horticultural, livestock and fish products increase with the decline of low-value products like cereals. This process of transformation is generally endogenous to various forces of supply and demand and, therefore, its pace can be influenced by policies. The forces in the demand side include income and income parameters of domestic consumers, and the ability to exploit f

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McAllister, Bradley J. "Prioritizing Demand Response: How Federal Legislation and Technological Innovation Changed the Electricity Supply Market and the Need to Revitalize FERC Order 745." Pittsburgh Journal of Technology Law and Policy 15, no. 2 (2015): 162–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/tlp.2015.168.

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Traditional barriers to entry in the electricity supply marketplace are crumbling due to recent federal legislation and new technology. The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC)'s Order 745 prioritizes the use of demand response via a uniform pricing mechanism. Through it, demand response is able to provide the same benefit as traditional electricity generation - at a reduced cost - and improve service, reliability, and market development. Consequently, the increased use of demand response reduces prices for regional grid operators, as well as commercial, institutional, and residential c

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Bortnikova, Liudmyla. "OPPORTUNITIES OF VALUE CREATION GLOBAL CHAINS FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM BUSINESSES." Economic Analysis, no. 28(4) (2018): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2018.04.173.

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Introduction. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) face with many obstacles in the process of joining the global value chains. They include small scale of businesses (large corporations require bigger volumes of raw materials), relatively higher production costs, information vacuum, scarce resources for innovations, limited access to finance, weak institutional support, and, in general, the poor ability to compete with large firms in research and entry into global markets. Purpose. The article aims to reveal the opportunities and barriers for small and medium-sized businesses in Ukraine in

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Deffacci, Fabricio Antonio, and Michelle Christina Castilho Ribeiro da Silva. "A Agricultura Familiar no Município de Amambai/MS: uma análise dos desafios na comercialização da Associação de Agricultores Familiares (ASSAFAM)." Desenvolvimento Socioeconômico em Debate 6, no. 1 (2020): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.18616/rdsd.v6i1.5583.

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O presente artigo visa analisar o processo de comercialização de alimentos entre o segmento da agricultura familiar e o mercado institucional, mediante o Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA) desenvolvido na Associação dos Agricultores Familiares de Amambai (Assafam), enfocando na sua modalidade Compra Institucional (CI), considerando o conceito de qualidade ampla como guia para a compreensão dos possíveis avanços e barreiras existentes e consequentemente a percepção dos fatores que contribuem com estes dois aspectos. O PAA e as chamadas públicas, apesar de apresentarem algumas barreiras e

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