Dissertations / Theses: 'Institutional pharmacies (public and private)'

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Adsetts, Jacqueline. "Aspects of the demographic profile and standard of pharmaceutical services in South Africa / J. Adsetts." Thesis, North-West University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/82.

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The objects of the South African Pharmacy Council in terms of the Pharmacy Act, 1974 (5311974) as amended are, inter alia, "to uphold and safeguard the rights of the general public to universally acceptable standards of pharmacy practice in both the private and the public sector" as well as "to establish, develop, maintain and control universally acceptable standards of practice of the various categories of persons required to be registered.. ." One of the major difficulties health care providers worldwide are faced with is how to maintain a proper balance between the trio goals of health care, namely adequate access, high quality and acceptable costs (Li, 2003:192-193). Relatively little is known about such problems as do exist for patients regarding access to pharmaceutical services (Doucette et al., 1999:1268). Two main objectives were identified for this study, namely to investigate the demographic profile of community and institutional pharmacies registered with the South African Pharmacy Council; and to determine the standard of pharmaceutical services provided by these pharmacies. Inspection results of community and institutional pharmacies were obtained from the South African Pharmacy Council and extracted for the time period 1 January 2004 to 31 May 2005. To determine the demographic and geographic profile of these pharmacies, data of the Register of Pharmacies of the South African Pharmacy Council for August 2003, 2004 and 2005 were merged with the Census data of South Africa of 2001. It was found that the total number of pharmacies in both the public and private sectors increased with 2.1% (n=68) from August 2003 to August 2005. Public and private pharmacies that provided services directly to patients increased with 6.3% (n=33) and 1.3% (n=35) from August 2003 to 2005. It was found that the Gauteng province was the best provided with registered pharmacies in South Africa, as only 0.06% (n=5 783) of the population did not have any registered pharmacy available on municipality level. It was also revealed that the majority of inspections were carried out in Gauteng, whilst this province accounts for only 19.7% of the total population of South Africa. During the study period a total of 1178 community pharmacy inspections were carried out in 1103 community pharmacies (one or more inspections per pharmacy) representing 43% (n=2 550) of the total number of community pharmacies registered with the South African Pharmacy Council during May 2005. Nationally community pharmacies achieved a score of 92.27 (+ 6.65 per cent) for compliance with Good Pharmacy Practice guidelines. The lowest compliance score (73.34 + 27.49 per cent) was obtained for the availability of written standard operating procedures and the highest was for the promotion of public health (99.02 + 6.30 per cent). No practical significant differences (dc0.8) were found between the overall compliance scores obtained by community pharmacies of the different provinces. The highest compliance score was obtained by community pharmacies in the Free State (93.09 + 4.90 per cent), followed by Western Cape, Eastern Cape, Kwazulu Natal, Limpopo, Northern Cape, Gauteng, Mpumalanga and the North West. A total of 343 institutional pharmacy inspections (one or more inspections per pharmacy) were carried out in public and state subsidised institutions (n=245), private institutions (n=90) and mine hospitals (n=5). These pharmacies represented 46% of the total number of institutional pharmacies registered with the South African Pharmacy Council during May 2005. Nationally all institutional pharmacies (both private and public) achieved a score of 92.49 + 8.33 per cent for compliance with Good Pharmacy Practice guidelines for all above-mentioned aspects. Nationally public and state subsidised institutional pharmacies obtained a lower compliance score (91.02 + 9.08 per cent) than private institutional pharmacies (96.39 + 3.91 per cent). Lastly, a grading system was developed that was based on the results obtained through this study, in order to quantify the standard of pharmaceutical services provided by pharmacies in South Africa.
Thesis (M.Pharm. (Pharmacy Practice))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

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Grillo, Christopher C. (Christopher Charles). "Sustainable metropolitan mobility and public-private partnerships : a highway to institutional reform?" Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/67651.

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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning; and, (S.M. in Transportation)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, June 2011.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 150-165).
The "sustainability" literature generally acknowledges a critical role for transportation infrastructure planning, finance, investment, design, construction, operation, and management for addressing the long-term viability of cities and metropolitan areas. At the same time, governments have increasingly employed public-private partnerships (PPPs) for metropolitan transportation infrastructure with the goal of improving project finance, delivery, and long-term management and operation. While proponents of "sustainability" often imply a more collectivist and public-sector-led paradigm and proponents of liberalization often argue for greater private sector intervention and market competition, theory suggests that both sectors offer unique institutional attributes critical to achieving sustainable metropolitan mobility (SMM). The question is how to optimally configure institutions to address the challenge of SMM for metropolitan transportation infrastructure delivery? Focusing on highways, this thesis adopts a broad definition of SMM that compasses efficient road pricing and regulation, integration of metropolitan transportation policy, public acceptability, and technology. It employs a qualitative case study analysis to test theories on optimal institutional configurations against seven cases across the world where PPPs were used to deliver highway infrastructure in metropolitan areas. The results suggest that the distribution of network, traffic, and demand risks; the spatial configuration of highways within metropolitan areas; and political factors play key roles in achieving SMM. Additionally, issues of vertical devolution and integration of government institutions and contract regulation likely play important roles but require more in-depth research.
by Christopher C. Grillo.
S.M.in Transportation
M.C.P.

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Buttkereit, Sören. "Intersectoral alliances : an institutional economics perspective /." Berlin : wvb, Wiss. Verl, 2009. http://www.wvberlin.de/data/inhalt/buttkereit.html.

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Buttkereit, Sören. "Intersectoral alliances an institutional economics perspective." Berlin wvb, Wiss. Verl, 2008. http://d-nb.info/995593477/04.

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Sidahmed, Fatima. "Management of sexually transmitted infections in private pharmancies in Limpopo Province : practice and knowledge of pharmacies." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1425.

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Thesis (M.Pharm.(Pharmacology)) --University of Limpopo, 2014.
Management of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) in Private Pharmacies in Limpopo Province: Practice and Knowledge of Pharmacists Background: In 2001, the South African Pharmacy Council (SAPC) developed a strategic plan, which recognised the crucial role that pharmacists could play in controlling sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and the spread of HIV infection. In South Africa, patients seek and receive treatment for STIs from pharmacies despite a legal restriction (Ward, Pharm, Butler, Mugao, Klausner, Mcfarland, Chen & Schwarcz, 2003). Current legislation bars people to seek treatment from the pharmacists for certain acute illnesses, thus significantly influencing the spread of some infections with the view that the longer infections remain untreated, the more opportunities for transmissions to occur. The perceived lack of treatment options in private pharmacies may even prevent patients from accessing advice or preventative measures at the pharmacy level (Gupta, Sane, Gurbani, Bollinger, Mehendale & Godbole, 2010). It is against this background that the study was carried out with the aim of assessing the knowledge and practice of private pharmacists in management of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the Limpopo Province and ultimately assist in the reduction of the spread of HIV infections. Objectives: The objectives of the study were; to identify areas of weakness in services provided by pharmacists in management of STIs in private pharmacies; to identify possible pharmaceutical care of HIV; to determine the level of use of Department of Health Standard Treatment Guidelines of sexually transmitted infections by private pharmacy; to determine the availability of sexually transmitted infection drugs for treatment of STIs; and to identify the type of information given to clients with STI. Method: A cross-sectional design was used in this study. The study was carried out in the Limpopo Province, South Africa. Out of the population of 130 pharmacies registered with the SAPC in Limpopo, a sample of 23 was selected. The pharmacies were stratified according to where they were located. This study used a questionnaire designed as an instrument of data collection. The data was collected through a face-to-face interview with the responsible pharmacist in each pharmacy outlet. This study used Simulated Client Method to evaluate the practice. In this method, simulated male and female clients visited randomly selected Pharmacies. Two scenarios were developed for a male patient with urethral discharge and a female patient with vaginal discharge. The simulated clients on a standardised reporting form, outside the pharmacy, carefully recorded all observations made during the simulated scenario. Data analysis: The data were analysed using cross-tabulation techniques and chi-square test was used to check existence of association. Compliance with Standard Treatment Guidelines in terms of treating STI syndrome was used as dependent variable. Location (Rural and urban) of private pharmacies, the gender of the client in the simulated client method, treating genital ulcer syndrome (GUS), treating male urethritis syndrome (MUS) and treating female vaginal discharge syndrome were used as independent variables. The existence of association between the dependent and variable was tested using the Chi-square test of independence. Result: The results showed that 27% of private pharmacies in Limpopo treated and managed STIs clients in accordance with Standard Treatment Guidelines. The structured interviews results showed that 78% of private pharmacists in Limpopo knew the linkage between HIV and STIs. Only 39% of the private pharmacists knew about the existence of Standard Treatment Guidelines and used them in daily client consultations. Cross tabulation of data on compliance with Standard Treatment Guidelines in terms of treating STI syndrome (the dependent variable) and the location of private pharmacies (the independent variable) produced a Chi-square value of 1.31. This showed that the dependent variable had no association with location of independent private pharmacies. The study found that the treatment and management of GUS, MUS and female discharge varied according to location of the private pharmacies. The medicines stocked were in line with the Standard Treatment Guidelines in both rural and urban pharmacies in the Limpopo Province. There was very high demand for STI medication without a prescription averaging of 150 clients per week. Private pharmacies in both areas gave the necessary information to their clients focused on use condom with 54%, partner notification with 38% and only 27% of pharmacists advised client to consult the physician. The simulated client visits showed the discrepancy between knowledge and actual practice of the private pharmacists. Conclusion: The majority of private pharmacies operating in the Limpopo Province do not comply with the Standard Treatment Guidelines for treatment and management of STIs due to inadequate knowledge. While there is a need to train some pharmacists in the provision of primary health care for syndromic STI treatment in order to reduce STIs and HIV transmission, the lifting of current legal restriction in South Africa that prevents pharmacists from prescribing STI medication may be necessary. The knowledge and practice of incidence of specific infections in communities served by the specific pharmacy should be part of the pharmaceutical care provision.

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Homkes, Rebecca. "Analysing the role of public-private partnerships in global governance : institutional dynamics, variation and effects." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2011. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/269/.

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While the promotion and growth of global public-private partnerships (PPPs) is indisputable, the same enthusiasm has not fuelled their disciplined study; thus, their potential to deliver on their promise of being effective and legitimate governance entities is far from established. Addressing this lack, this work investigates the universe of transnational PPPs in form, functioning and effects. It suggests that as PPPs are institutional innovations, partnership analysis can benefit from applying theoretical constructs from international regime research complemented with adjacent literature from management and organisational studies. Building an analytical framework based on the notions of input and output legitimacy, the work analyses how variation in partnership inputs (focus, actors involved, organisational dynamics and institutionalisation) interacts with varying internal management processes to result in varying outputs. The thesis utilises the operational notion of effects rather than the more subjective notion of partnership effectiveness, and considers effects related to goal attainment and problem solving. Applying a systematic methodology, the work also defines and describes the universe of PPPs, creating a transnational partnership database (TPD) which pulls together all existing sources, thus encompassing 757 partnerships. The resultant analysis reveals a marked variation across the universe of transnational partnerships as well as distinct differences in their operational capacity. It also highlights that while highly institutionalised PPPs are more likely to produce tangible outputs and effects, the extent of these is highly dependent upon internal management. By building a cumulative understanding of these institutional models, the work furthers debates regarding the role of PPPs as legitimate and effective governing actors.

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Said, Mona Abdel Salam. "Labour market segmentation and institutional change : the public-private pay differential in Egypt, 1960-1998." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621034.

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Harries, Andrew William. "Public dimensions of private contracting : the institutional ordering of trans-sectoral exchange in the NHS." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2002. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/19049/.

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Socio-legal studies of the role of legal institutions in ordering contracting behaviour in both commercial and government sectors are in broad agreement that exchange is effected by a variety of legal, extra-legal and economic norms and modes of enforcement. The present study evaluates the adequacy of current socio-legal analyses of the use, function and relevance of legal institutions in contracting practice in the particular trans-sectoral context of NIHS purchasing of cleaning, catering, and computing services involving a regional health authority in the North of England. Rejecting an instrumentalist conception of the relationship between law and social action, the thesis analyses the static and dynamic dimensions of order in these transactions with reference to an institutionalist theoretical model distinguishing: first, institutional environment (formal structure); second, institutional arrangements (relational structure); and third, the processes through which these institutional levels are mediated and negotiated. The case studies demonstrate in depth how the NHS policy-regulatory context affected the form and degree of performance and risk planning; how the planning of contract contents was oriented to both rights-in-law and the business deal; how different co-operative outcomes resulted from the use, displacement and supplementation of contract in the governance of the transactions; and how decisionmaking in regard to the various uses and non-uses of contract was guided by common understandings ('norms about norms') about the institutional environment and governance of institutional arrangements. Two types of contractual orientation with different governance implications are distinguished: first, circumstances where contracting was regarded as part of NHS administration, and where the contract was supplemented mainly by administrative hierarchical norms; and second, where contract management occurred more independently of hierarchical influences, and where the contract was supplemented by norms more akin to those of ordinary commercial dealing. Generally, the key factor accounting for the quality of the newly established exchange relationships in the case studies is shown to be the influence of the NHS as a public purchasing organisation on the institutional environment of trans-sectoral exchange and on the institutional arrangements made within it.

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Ridzi, Frank Michael DeVault Marjorie L. "Processing private lives in public: an institutional ethnography of front-line welfare intake staff post welfare reform." Related Electronic Resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.

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Liu, Ying. "Institutional characteristics and environmental factors that influence private giving to public colleges and universities a longitudinal analysis." Diss., Saarbrücken VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2007. http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/ETD-db/available/etd-03282007-175455/.

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Aziz, Nor Rasidah. "Climate change mitigation, the Malaysian automotive sector and local economic development : public-private institutional arrangements and collective learning." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.422079.

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Abel, Karin M. "Private or Public Insurance? The Institutional History of Health Care in the United States and the United Kingdom." DigitalCommons@USU, 2010. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/819.

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The primary question at issue in this paper is the following: given the similarities between the two countries with regard to welfare state institutions, why have the United States and the United Kingdom diverged on the issue of health care? Drawing on sociological institutionalism, a branch of the new institutionalist paradigm, this paper provides an answer to this question: during the formative years of the health care stories in the two countries, variations in institutional and cultural conditions produced contrasting policy outcomes. More specifically, this paper discusses how the combination of institutions (political, labor, and medical) and culture led to private insurance in the United States and public insurance in the United Kingdom. Of course, this paper has implications for several areas of scholarship, as well as for current policy debates on a wide range of issues.

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Haglund, Veronica, and Carl Liljefors. "Public-private partnerships as a strategy for successful expansion in emerging markets? : A case study of the motives, means and outcomes of Swedish MNEs engagement in public-private partnerships in emerging markets." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-227026.

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While both the concept of Private-Public Partnerships and the research on the topic is not new, PPPs from a market expansion perspective has not been covered to any notable extent, something this thesis aims to rectify. With the importance of relationships in business in emerging markets, the Institutional Network Approach serves as the backdrop for the study, highlighting the interplay between MNE and surrounding institutions. Through three case studies of Swedish MNEs active in PPP-projects in emerging markets, the aim is to develop a model suitable for analyzing MNE engagements in PPP-projects, but also to see if the gains from PPP engagements can constitute a feasible emerging market expansion tool. The outcome of the study revealed that the studied MNEs primarily sought legitimacy and credibility in their projects, goals which according to MNEs also were acquired, and that the new model to a large extent captured aspects that were identified as important in the firms’ reports from the projects. It was concluded that in order for the PPP to serve as reliable market expansion tool, the firm has to be of MNE-size in terms of resources and ambitions, because smaller firms would struggle to be awarded, or handle, PPP-projects of this size. Previously stated credibility and legitimacy (from the CSR-aspects of the PPP), as well as the long-term collaboration resulting in solid relationships between MNE and institutions, are other benefits.

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Lee, Kimberly Taylor. "Organizing Freedom: Collaboration Between the Freedmen's Bureau and Church-Supported Charitable Organizations in the Early Years of Reconstruction." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101812.

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This case study examines why the Freedmen's Bureau, a Federal agency that existed within the War Department between 1865 and 1872, formed collaborative relationships with church-supported charitable organizations to establish schools during the Civil War Reconstruction Period in Virginia. This project examines the relationships between Freedmen's Bureau officials and the leadership of church-supported charitable organizations. Specifically, this project examines the formation of these relationships, the nature of the relationships that formed, the norms and values that shaped the relationships, and the impact those relationships had on education policy in the South. The examination of a historical federal agency through archival research methods generated findings that were consistent with current knowledge of the collaborative process. Preexisting relationships formed during the Civil War served as the foundation for collaborative relationships that formed between the Bureau and church-supported charitable organizations. These relationships were integral to the formation of schools that served formerly enslaved persons as well as other war refugees. Ultimately, political and social pressure facilitated the closing of the Bureau, but the schools remained, forming the foundation for public school systems throughout the South. Examining an extinct agency which worked alongside church-supported charitable organizations, shows that facets of collaborative governance occurred much earlier than presently identified, especially as it pertains to discrete steps in the collaboration process, specifically antecedent and initial conditions of collaboration, pre-existing relationships, and impacts of collaboration. The project also adds to the study of public administration as a field by extending the timeline of the practice of public administration. This dissertation also adds to the scholarship on the impact of race on policy implementation and administrative practice.
Doctor of Philosophy

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Ikyanyon, Darius Ngutor. "Institutional context and the effects of human resource practices on employee attitudes in the Nigerian public and private sector." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/16545/.

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This research examined the nature of HRM, and the effects of HR practices on employee attitudes, in the Nigerian public and private sector from an institutional perspective. The research was divided into 2 studies. Study 1 explored the influence of institutions on HRM in the public and private sector as well as examining the specific HRM techniques adopted in public and private sector organizations in Nigeria. Data for study 1 were collected from HR managers via questionnaires (n=122) and in-depth qualitative interviews (n=13) whilst study 2 data were collected from public and private sector employees (n=521) drawn from organizations participating in study 1. Findings from study 1 indicate that mimetic and normative mechanisms such as the influence of consultants and professional socialization respectively influenced HRM in both sectors in the same way. Nevertheless, due to weak enforcement of labour legislation in the private sector, the influence of coercive mechanisms such as labour laws, trade unions and regulatory bodies had stronger influence in the public sector. This resulted in diversity in specific HRM practices adopted across organizations; with private organizations more likely to adopt practices that were characterised by informality, cost-cutting, low employee voice and neglect of labour legislation. Findings from study 2 indicate significant effects of HR practices on employee attitudes in both sectors. Although it was expected that procedural justice and HR attributions would account for differences in the effects of HR practices on employee attitudes between public and private sector employees, the hypothesized relationships for HR attributions were not supported. However, the effects of HR practices on affective commitment through procedural justice were higher in the public sector. This research highlights the link between the institutional environment and the specific HRM practices adopted by organizations and how this in turn influences employee perceptions of fairness in relation to attitudinal outcomes of HR practices.

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Kleiss, Torsten. "Institutional arrangements for municipal solid waste combustion projects." Weimar Bauhaus-Univ, 2008. http://d-nb.info/992651913/04.

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Cappellaro, Giulia. "Institutional pluralism and organizational change : insights from hybrid organizational forms in the Italian health care field." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648682.

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Carrasco, Vivian. "Building collaborative capacity across institutional fields a theoretical dissertation based on a meta-analysis of existing empirical research /." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2009. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.

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Lee, Sungho. "Exploratory modeling and adaptive strategies for investment in standard services to facilitate public service networks." Santa Monica, CA : RAND, 2006. http://www.rand.org/pubs/rgs_dissertations/RGSD199/.

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Sisková, Monika. "Public-private partnership a jeho prax v členských štátoch EÚ." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-76266.

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The aim of this final thesis is to analyse and compare the PPP practices of EU member states and to evaluate the current situation of their PPP markets as well as the issues faced at present. The study consists of four chapters. The first chapter deals with the theoretical and legal concept of public-private partnerships: the definition of PPPs, their characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of PPPs and the factors influencing the success of PPP projects. The section thereafter analyses the position and role of the EU, EIB and EBRD in promoting and supporting the implementation of PPP projects. The section is followed by an assessment of the PPP market development trend, high lightening the basic quantitative differences between the EU member states. Chapter four forms the core of this thesis in which, based on specified criteria (legal and institutional PPP conditions, average value of a project, corruption, transparency and the nature of the public sector) the PPP praxis of Great Britain, Italy, Greece, Sweden, Poland and Slovakia are analysed and compared. The states are characterized by national PPP markets of diverse quality as well as significant differences in the national conditions for implementing PPP projects.

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Andrade, de Alencar Loiola Fahyre. "The formulation of Public-Private Partnership projects for infrastructure development in Brazil : an institutional analysis of the Municipality of Fortaleza." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/5255/.

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There are strong indications that Public-Private Partnership (PPP) will remain the preferred policy tool for provision of infrastructure development in Brazil, involving private sector participation in the design, construction and operation stages of public infrastructure projects. For PPP project formulation, governments in Brazil have increasingly relied on the Procedure for Request of Interest (PRI), in which project design costs are transferred to the private sector, and actors engage in informal pre-tendering interactions since no formal contract binds them in the process. However, many PRI cases are still struggling to complete the pre-tendering stage or have failed entirely, and there is evidence indicating problems with the elements currently used to arrange PPP formulation processes. This research, therefore, was undertaken to explore why many cases are not finishing the PRI pre-tendering process by unpacking the unclear workings of actor-relations at this stage. Since the PRI process highly depends on interactions, this research explored the dynamics of actor-relations in the formulation of an infrastructure PPP project that used the PRI mechanism and completed the pre-tendering stage in the municipality of Fortaleza. From an institutional perspective and using a qualitative approach based on 34 interviews as primary data collection method, this research focused on the adjustments in practices and perceptions, as well as on the institutional framework influencing the process. The findings indicate that many PRI cases have not been successful because the policy instrument largely focuses on structures and neglects the intrinsic and socially constructed elements of the process. The findings also indicate that the PRI formulation of infrastructure PPP projects requires a balance between formal and informal elements, between structures and internally developed “soft” control mechanisms and between guidance and strategic flexibility, as well as the recognition of the complexity involved and the contextual embeddedness of actor-relations for PPP formulation.

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Maphosa, Tichaona Dumba. "Chisumbanje Ethanol Plant : Institutional frameworks and implications for land use of public private sector development initiatives on the rural communities in Chisumbnje." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Kulturgeografi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-121763.

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It is accepted institutions and the parameters they create are important facets in development planning. Organizations then lobby policy makers and manoeuvre their resources in response to the attendant restrictions, perceived benefits and censures. This paper seeks to examine the formal and informal context of planning in Zimbabwe. Through a series of interviews with civil servants at state, provincial and municipal level the role of the state and its agencies as initiators and guarantors of the various development frameworks post-independence in Zimbabwe-in tandem with a traditional leadership devoid of all but ceremonial powers is examined in the case study of the Private Partnership, Chisumbanje and the ethanol power plant. It is evident that fissures existed as a deliberate act borne out of the Rhodesian elites ideological aspirations of separate development vis a vis land rights, customary and rule of law, these have been exploited by post-independence regimes in pursuit of self-interests. The culpability of the political organization in the deliberate use of archaic exclusionary and disenfranchising legal instruments in complicity with International capitals has manifested in skewed development in local communities. Physical Planning and its noble intentions of sustainable development for the benefit of both individuals and societies and for future generations are systematically politicized rendering it a mere puppet lacking professional legitimacy an epitaph to politics and their pre-eminence in the Zimbabwean planning paradigm

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Holly, Leslie Neal. "Esse quam videri, perhaps: State policy and institutional factors impacting low-income student enrollment at North Carolina's public and private four-year institutions." W&M ScholarWorks, 2012. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1550154090.

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Paffhausen, Peter. "Entscheidung über eine Öffentlich Private Partnerschaft : Empfehlungen für kommunale Entscheidungsträger beim Eingehen einer institutionellen Öffentlich Privaten Partnerschaft." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2010. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/5243/.

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Öffentlich Private Partnerschaften (ÖPPs) haben in den letzten zehn bis fünfzehn Jahren in Deutschland einen beachtlichen Stellenwert erreicht. Auch zukünftig ist aufgrund der Finanzkrise der Kommunen mit einem weiteren Bedeutungszuwachs zu rechnen. Damit ÖPPs die von der öffentlichen Hand gewünschten Vorteile mit sich bringen können, wie zum Beispiel die Entlastung des öffentlichen Haushalts oder Effizienzsteigerungen, sollten sie im Vorfeld und im Tagesgeschäft aktiv und umsichtig begleitet werden. In diesem Zusammenhang ergibt sich der Ansatzpunkt für die Themenstellung der Dissertation sowie angesichts der Erkenntnis, dass bisher noch keine umfassend fundierten und systematischen Untersuchungen vorliegen, welche die bestehenden Praxiserfahrungen mit ÖPPs mit anwendbaren Theorien in Verbindung setzen und Entscheidungshilfen für öffentliche Akteure ableiten. Aufgrund der verschiedenen möglichen Ausprägungsformen wurde eine Eingrenzung des Themas auf institutionelle ÖPPs auf kommunaler Ebene vorgenommen. Die Untersuchung beginnt mit der Auseinandersetzung der Grundlagen zu ÖPPs, um ein generelles Verständnis für dieses Themengebiet zu schaffen. Nachdem der Begriff erläutert und Merkmale von ÖPPs herausgearbeitet wurden, erfolgt eine Abgrenzung zwischen vertraglichen und institutionellen ÖPPs. Daraufhin werden mögliche Motive der öffentlichen und privaten Seite beim Eingehen einer solchen Partnerschaft aufgeführt sowie erste mögliche Chancen und Risiken skizziert. Im Anschluss erfolgt mit Hilfe der wissenschaftlichen Theorie des Neuen Institutionalismus eine vertiefende Analyse zu institutionellen ÖPPs. Dabei schließt sich die Dissertation an die von Mayntz und Scharpf vorgenommene Einteilung in einen ökonomischen, (organisations-) soziologischen und politikwissenschaftlichen Neo-Institutionalismus an. Der Neue Ökonomische Institutionalismus wurde anhand der drei Teillehren Transaktionskostentheorie, Prinzipal-Agent-Theorie und Theorie der Verfügungsrechte untersucht. Zunächst werden theoretische Erkenntnisse zu den einzelnen Theorien herausgearbeitet und erste Schlussfolgerungen für institutionelle ÖPPs gezogen. Daraus werden nachfolgend Untersuchungskriterien in Form von Fragestellungen für den späteren Fallstudienvergleich entwickelt. Nach Abschluss des Theorieteils erfolgt eine Betrachtung institutioneller ÖPPs aus realer empirischer Sicht. Hierzu werden Fallstudien vorgestellt und an den Untersuchungskriterien, welche aus den einzelnen Theorien abgeleitet wurden, gespiegelt. Zuerst werden recherchierte Fallstudien analysiert, beginnend mit den Teilprivatisierungen der Stadtentwässerung Dresden GmbH und der Stadtwerke Görlitz AG, bei denen sich die Zusammenarbeit wohl positiv entwickelt. Als Negativbeispiel wird dann auf die Privatisierung der Wasserversorgung von Grenoble und ihre spätere Rekommunalisierung eingegangen. Im folgenden Schritt werden Fallstudien aus den realen Erfahrungen des Verfassers diskutiert. Hierbei bildet die Teilprivatisierung und anschließende Rekommunalisierung des Wasserbetriebes in Potsdam den Schwerpunkt. Ergänzt wird dies durch die Darstellung der positiven Zusammenarbeit mit dem privaten Gesellschafter bei der Energie und Wasser Potsdam GmbH. Abschließend werden die anfänglichen Probleme zwischen Kommune und Privat bei der teilprivatisierten STEP Stadtentsorgung Potsdam untersucht und aufgezeigt, wie die Partnerschaft zum Vorteil der öffentlichen Seite verändert wurde. Aus dem Vergleich von Theorie und Praxis konnten wissenschaftlich fundierte Schlussfolgerungen für institutionelle ÖPPs gezogen und Erfolgsfaktoren für das Gelingen einer solchen Kooperation abgeleitet werden. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse werden in Form von Thesen zusammengefasst und dienen als Basis für die Ableitung von Handlungsempfehlungen für kommunale Akteure beim Eingehen einer institutionellen ÖPP. Zu Beginn erfolgt eine Darstellung der Empfehlungen, die sich aus den Untersuchungskriterien der jeweiligen Theorien ergeben haben. Nachfolgend wird diese Betrachtung erweitert, indem näher auf die wesentlichen Phasen des Entscheidungsfindungsprozesses eingegangen und eine Untersetzung dieser Phasen mit den erarbeiteten Handlungsempfehlungen vorgenommen wird. Auf diese Weise kann den kommunalen Entscheidungsträgern eine sehr praxisnahe Hilfestellung gegeben werden. Insgesamt betrachtet, geht aus der Dissertation ein umfangreicher, fundierter und sehr praxisrelevanter Leitfaden hervor, der wichtige Anhaltspunkte für das Eingehen einer institutionellen ÖPP im kommunalen Bereich gibt. Aus der Spiegelung von Theorie und Praxis werden wertvolle Hinweise abgeleitet, wodurch insbesondere deutlich wird, an welchen Stellen sich die öffentliche Seite absichern sollte. Darüber hinaus können die kommunalen Entscheidungsträger durch die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse sensibilisiert und ihr Blick für den individuellen Fall geschärft werden. Letztendlich werden dadurch wichtige Voraussetzungen geschaffen, um ein solches Vorhaben zum Erfolg zu führen.
In the past ten to fifteen years, Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) have become considerably important. It is also due to the financial crisis, that even in future a further growth is expected in the municipalities. To ensure that the PPPs, which add such desired advantages like reduction of costs for the public budget or increasing the efficiency of the public entity, they should be actively and carefully guided prior to its formation as well as during the day-to-day business. This dissertation is based on this context while considering that up to date there have not been any well-founded and systematic researches connecting the existing practical experience with applicable theory and from which advice can be derived for the decision-makers in the public sector. Because of the several formats that are possible, the subject has been limited with a focus on institutional PPPs at municipal level. The research begins with the explanation of the basics of PPPs, offering a general understanding of this subject. The explanation of the concept and the elaboration of the characteristics of PPPs, are then followed by the definition of contractual and institutional PPPs. The possible motives for entering such a partnership on both sides, public and private, are shown on a list as well as an outline of the possible prospects and risks. Subsequently, an in-depth analysis on institutional PPPs is presented, which is based on scientific theory on new institutionalism. For this purpose, the dissertation is linked up with the economical, (organisational) sociological and political scientific classification by Mayntz and Scharpf. The new economic institutionalism was researched with the help of the three part-theories: transaction cost theory, principal agent theory and property rights theory. To begin with, the theoretical perception of each individual theory is developed and first deductions for institutional PPPs are reached. Based on this, the development of research criteria follows, depicted as questions that may arise for comparing future case studies. The conclusion of the theoretical part is followed by a contemplation of institutional PPPs, from an empirical point of view. For this purpose, case studies are presented and reflected onto the research criteria, which had been derived from each individual theory. To begin with, the researched case studies are analysed, starting with the partial privatisation of the Stadtentwässerung Dresden GmbH (Dresden’s municipal water drainage company) and the Stadtwerke Görlitz AG (public utility company of Görlitz), where the collaboration is actually developing in a positive manner. A negative example is depicted in the privatisation of the waterworks of Grenoble and its subsequent reversion to a fully municipal service. In the following step, case studies from the authors’ actual experience are discussed. In this case, the focus is placed on the partial privatisation and the subsequent reversion to its municipal status of the waterworks of Potsdam. This is complemented by the portrayal of the positive collaboration between the private partner and Energie und Wasser Potsdam GmbH (Potsdam’s energy and water company). Subsequently, the initial problems that arose during the partial privatisation STEP Stadtentsorgung Potsdam (municipal waste management of Potsdam) between the municipality and the private sector are researched, depicting the positive changes in the partnership, which evolved in favour of the public sector. Founded conclusions for the institutional PPPs were arrived at based on the comparison between theory and practice, and scientific and positive factors for the success of such a co-operation were derived. The knowledge thus gained is summarised in the form of theses, and serve as a basis for the derivation of advice for course of action for municipal decision-makers when entering into an institutional PPP. At the beginning, a portrayal of the advice that is derived from the individual theories is given. This observation is broadened by taking a closer look at the substantial phases of the decision-making process, and by condensing such phases by applying the decision-making advice that has been derived. In this manner the municipal decision-makers are given sound practical advice. Considering the dissertation as a whole, it offers a complete, founded and sound practical guideline, which includes important criteria for entering into institutional PPPs in the municipal sector. From the reflection between theory and practice valuable hints are derived, through which it becomes especially clear which points the public side should secure. Furthermore, the municipal decision-makers can become sensitised by the knowledge gained and sharpen their senses for each individual case. Finally, important conditions are created to ensure the success of such a project.

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Suleiman, Lina. "Water Governance in Transition." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Samhällsplanering och miljö, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-12982.

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The constraints experienced by water utilities in developing countries, with regard to the universal provision of access to water and improved water services, have been defined by international policymakers as "a crisis of governance". This study departs from the theoretical perspectives on governance and aspires to accumulate knowledge and advance understanding on how the performance of water utilities can be enhanced. The thesis comprises five papers and the cover essay. Four of the papers address case studies and one is a theoretically based paper, while all five papers are supported by reviews from the literature relevant to the topic of each paper. The thesis uses insights from literature reviews mapping relevant scientific theories and concepts in the areas of mainly governance, deliberative policymaking and communicative planning, social capital, civil society and institutional theoretical perspectives. The study integrates different research methods and explores theoretical perspectives on governance to examine the governance aspects of water utilities in the transition phase from public to private management and operation. The study investigates whether the governance structure that involves the private sector in the form of Public Private Partnership (PPP) of water utility has produced "good governance" and enhanced water governance in two cases, the Lema Water Company in Amman, Jordan and the Ghana Water Company Limited (GWCL) in Accra, Ghana. The analysis highlights evidence of governance deficiency. Accordingly, the thesis argues against the policy design that assumes that simply transferring the management and operation of water utility to private operators would resolve the problems of water utilities and enhance water governance. The analyses and the conclusions reached in the papers, together with a review of the literature on New Institutional Economics theory that knits together all the theories that are utilised in the papers, offer insights in the understanding of aspects of water governance. The insights suggest that policymakers need to better understand how institutions at different levels impact the overall performance of a water utility. The performance of the water utility cannot be detached from the wider institutional setting or reduced to simply changing the operator. What has been disregarded from the calculus of international policymakers, the thesis mainly argues, is the institutional perspective. The study concludes that actors’ performances are affected primarily by their institutional settings. The constraints of water utilities to provide a better performance and good governance processes reside in different kinds of institutional settings To address this, the thesis develops a generic institutional framework within which water governance aspects can be assessed at different institutional levels, from the higher level of politics to that of the individual level. According to this perspective, the study views governance process as "the interaction between actors from the spheres of a society within specific sets of formal and informal institutions in a social setting that produces certain political, economic and social outcomes". It defines good governance as "the legitimacy given by the wider public to institutions in a social setting and the coherency of formal and informal institutions to produce socially effective outcomes for the collective public". The developed generic institutional framework is used to more thoroughly analyse the two cases integrated in the study. This approach to assessment of water governance provides an explanation for why the water utilities were not able to meet their performance goals and enriches our understanding of water governance processes. It also modestly maps the main problematic institutional areas that in each case constrained aspects of good water governance. In practical terms, this thesis emphasises that policymakers have to map and identify the institutional factors constraining the overall performance of a water utility, at all levels. The thesis also urges policymakers to be cautious regarding which formulated policies are seen as solutions. Policymakers should restrain themselves from experimenting with policy when they are not sure that certain outcomes are likely to be produced by adopting a particular policy. In the long run, inappropriate policies may negatively affect local institutional settings and are likely to undermine the capacity of local governance.
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Whitten, Stuart Max Business Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "Provision of environmental goods on private land: a case study of Australian wetlands." Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. School of Business, 2003. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38661.

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The management of natural resources located on private lands often involves a perceived conflict between the mix of private and public benefit outputs they produce. Governments have tended to respond through legislation to restrict and redirect private decisions about resource management. However, the legislative response faces a lack of information about the costs and benefits of alternative management and policy instruments. A pertinent example of this debate is the management of wetlands on private lands. The goal in this thesis is to advance the design of policy relating to the production of environmental outputs on private lands. This goal is achieved by first estimating the welfare impacts of alternative private land management strategies on the wider community. These estimates are used as inputs into the development of alternative policy instruments that are then evaluated in terms of their potential cost-effectiveness in influencing private management. Two case studies of wetland management on private land in Australia are presented ??? the Upper South East Region of South Australia, and, the Murrumbidgee River Floodplain in New South Wales. The conceptual approach described in the first part of the thesis includes a description of the resource management problem and the strengths and weaknesses of the alternative decision frameworks widely employed in Australia. Identification of the cause and nature of transaction costs in the management process is the focus in this discussion. The welfare impacts of alternative wetland management strategies are investigated through the construction of a bio-economic model for each of the case study areas. The approach integrates biophysical analysis of changing wetland management with the value society places on wetlands. Outputs from this process are used in the development of a range of policy instruments directed towards influencing wetland management. The impact of poorly quantified and uncertain transaction costs on the potential cost-effectiveness of these options is evaluated using threshold policy analysis. The empirical results show that the perception of a conflict between the private and public values generated by resource management is accurate. For example, scenarios changing wetland management in the Upper South East of South Australia on the Murrumbidgee River floodplain in New South Wales were shown to generate net benefits of $5.2m and $5.1m respectively. Hence, changing wetland management could generate increased community welfare. The potential for these findings to be translated into wetland policy is less conclusive. Policies directed towards wetland management (in part or in whole) incur a range of transaction costs and deliver differential wetland protection benefits. Ten ???best bet??? policies are identified, but more information is required to determine conclusively whether a net benefit results to the wider community when transaction costs are included.

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Brodin, Helene. "Does Anybody Care? : Public and Private Responsibilities in Swedish Eldercare 1940-2000." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Univ, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-419.

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Chowdhury, Shyamal K. "Institutional and welfare aspects of the provision and use of information and communication technologies in the rural areas of Bangladesh and Peru /." Frankfurt am Main [u.a] : Lang, 2002. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/352343095.pdf.

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Costa, Raquel da Silva. "A importância das instituições na utilização do modelo de concessões e PPPs." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14574.

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Mestrado em Ciências Empresariais
Em meados da década de 90 surge um novo conceito designado por Parcerias Público-Privadas (PPPs), que rapidamente se propagou por todo o mundo quer em países desenvolvidos, quer em países em desenvolvimento, onde a união entre o setor público e o setor privado veio potenciar a criação de projetos de novas infraestruturas e a acessibilidade a serviços básicos. No entanto, a sua excessiva utilização e o fracasso de vários projetos suscitaram preocupações a nível da sua criação, entre as quais destacamos a existência de um ambiente institucional desfavorável. Neste âmbito, o presente trabalho de investigação, para além de tentar compreender todo o modelo de concessões/PPP e avaliar o impacto do seu investimento na dívida pública, visa sobretudo, compreender se um ambiente institucional de melhor qualidade estimula a utilização do modelo. Para este fim, procedeu-se a uma análise quantitativa de cariz longitudinal da qual foi possível aferir que os países desenvolvidos tendem a criar e investir mais em concessões/PPPs, tendo o seu investimento impacto na dívida pública dos países, ajudando a controlá-la em casos singulares. Estabelece-se, acima de tudo, uma correlação entre a existência de um ambiente institucional de qualidade e a ocorrência de concessões/PPP.
In the mid-1990s, a new concept of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) emerged, having quickly spread both in developed and in developing countries, where the intersection between public and private sectors favoured the restructuring and/ or development of new infrastructure projects and the access to basic services. Notwithstanding this, the excessive promotion and failure of several projects raised concerns over its creation, namely arising from an unfavourable institutional framework. In this context, the present research work will delve into the PPP concession model, whilst assessing the impact of these investments on public debt. Moreover, it will study how a more positive institutional framework and the adoption of the PPP model interplay. For this purpose, a quantitative, longitudinal analysis was undertaken, which demonstrates how developed countries tend to create and invest more in PPPs, impacting public debt and in some cases helping to control it. More importantly it establishes a correlation between a higher quality institutional framework and the occurrence of PPPs.
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Alexandersson, Gunnar. "The accidental deregulation : essays on reforms in the Swedish bus and railway industries 1979-2009." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Marknadsföring, Distributionsekonomi och Industriell Dynamik (D), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-999.

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The Swedish bus and railway sectors have been recognised as important early cases of regulatory reforms that led to both vertical and horizontal disintegration as well as market-opening. This thesis investigates the origin and evolution of these reforms from 1979 to 2009, focussing on the markets for passenger services. The aim is to improve our understanding of the background, resulting nature, and consequences of these regulatory reforms. A combination of qualitative and quantitative analyses has been applied; e.g. the thesis makes use of a unique database of longitudinal industry statistics. This thesis shows that the origins of the Swedish reform process were internal and largely unrelated to any objectives of deregulated market-opening. However, a combination of the nature of the initial reforms, the behaviour of market actors, and certain key events accidentally sparked a trend towards deregulation, which has had profound effects on market structure and performance. The step-by-step evolution, in particular the introduction and expansion of competitive tendering, is shown to have had path-dependent characteristics. Swedish competitive tendering of bus and railway services has had important effects on costs and subsidies, but has also generated the problematic behaviour of strategic bidding. Included within are detailed articles which make additional contributions to relevant theories and offer normative advice concerning the design and implementation of regulatory reforms in these as well as other sectors.

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Paula, Pedro do Carmo Baumgratz de. "As parcerias público-privadas de metrô em São Paulo: as empresas estatais e o aprendizado institucional no financiamento da infraestrutura de serviços públicos no Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2133/tde-14122016-102815/.

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A presente dissertação de mestrado consiste em um estudo de caso das contratações das parcerias público-privadas (PPPs) das Linhas 4 e 6 de metrô em São Paulo. A partir do estudo indutivo realizado, buscou-se compreender como os instrumentos jurídicos são efetivamente utilizados para viabilizar o provimento de uma atividade de interesse público para a população; a evolução institucional ocorrida no processo de aprendizagem de utilização dessas ferramentas; e o papel desempenhado pelas empresas estatais nesse novo cenário. Para tanto, o texto constrói a evolução das formas de concessão de serviços públicos e situa no plano histórico o surgimento e a adoção das PPPs como indicativos de uma nova forma de atuação estatal na economia. O estudo de caso foi elaborado a partir de análise documental e construção de narrativas, por entrevistas semiestruturadas, dos atores envolvidos nos processos de contratação das Linhas 4 e 6. A observação empírica revelou que as empresas estatais cumprem um papel fundamental na criação de arranjos institucionais funcionais para a viabilização dos empreendimentos conjuntos, exercendo uma função coordenação público-privada e promovendo aprendizado institucional. Também observou-se que complexos arranjos contratuais são utilizados como forma de separar as obrigações contratuais de demandas políticas, insulando os direitos do concessionário de alterações posteriores. Isso ficou evidente, especialmente, no tocante à diferenciação entre tarifa política e tarifa contratual, às garantias de pagamento de contraprestação e aporte e ao sistema de pagamentos de tarifas. Os resultados obtidos a longo dessa pesquisa acrescem ao conjunto de estudos que apontam para a inadequação de medidas institucionais de tamanho único para o desenvolvimento (teoria das dotações institucionais). A experiência indica que as PPPs estudadas foram bem-sucedidas justamente porque foram construídas a partir de soluções e arranjos institucionais específicos ao contexto em que estavam inseridas, levando em consideração as limitações e as potencialidades do direito local. Desse modo, a pesquisa conclui pela existência de um modelo brasileiro de PPPs que envolve, necessariamente, intermediação de empresas estatais na construção de arranjos institucionais cooperativos entre os atores públicos e privados.
This thesis is the written product of a case study of São Paulos Metro Lines 4 and 6 public-private partnerships contracts. The objectives of this empirical study were to fully understand how: the legal tools are handled in order to provide a public service to the people; the institutional development in the process of learning the use of these tools; and the role played by state-owned enterprises in this new context. In order to do so, the text builds on the historical evolution of state concessions and the emergence of PPPs as indicators of a new way of State intervention in the economy. The case study was made using documental analysis and the building of narratives, through interviews with the main actors in the processes of contracting out the services of metro. The empirical observation revealed that state-owned enterprises play a significant role in the making of functional institutional arrangements necessary to the existence and function of joint enterprises, working as a coordinator of the public-private relationship and promoting institutional learning. Also, it was noted that complex contractual arrangements are used as a way of detaching contractual obligations from political demands, insulating concessionarys rights from ulterior changes. This was evidenced, specially, by the description of the contractual differentiation of tariffs (political vs contractual), also by the structure of the counterparts warrantees, and by the payment system that was created. The results from this research add to the growing literature that points out the inadequacy of one size fits all institutional changes in order to promote development. The reported experience indicates that the PPP contracts were well succeeded precisely because they were built on context-specific solution and institutional arrangements, that took into account the limitations and potentialities of the local legal system. In this sense, the research shows the existence of a Brazilian model of PPP contracts that involves, necessarily, the intermediation of state-owned enterprises in the formation of cooperative institutional arrangements between public and private actors.

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Antman, Debels Felix. "Ju mer vi är tillsammans : En studie av planeringsdilemman och institutionella förutsättningar och förändringar i privat-offentliga partnerskap i svensk stadsutveckling." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-263742.

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Sweden is going through a period of urbanization that has led to a deficit of housing, office space and public buildings. The ability for municipalities’ to enact their urban development plans has at the same time been curtailed compared to 30 years ago. The municipalities are more dependent on the market and on cooperation with private actors than before. In this study a new phenomenon in Swedish urban development is studied: large scale and long-term private-public partnerships between a municipality and one or two private actors. The study is performed through a case study of an agreement between Stockholm city and a private company in the meatpacking district of Stockholm and of an agreement between Huddinge municipality and a private company in Flemingsberg. The motivations for the collaborations, the goals of the municipalities and the private actors, their strategies and changes in institutional settings are studied. The research has been conducted through document studies and interview with officials from the municipalities and corporations. The result is analyzed by applying a theoretical framework where the motives and strategies are investigated in relation to how they navigate three different dilemmas in planning: (1) the tension between a demand or a supply led urban development, (2) between a closed and open notion of time and space, and (3) between specific or general regulations. The projects relation to risk and uncertainty is also studied. The institutional changes are studied through a framework developed from the new institutional theory where actions and decisions in the urban development process is analysed through the perspective of how institutional norms on three hierarchical levels is forming the urban development practice. The result shows that the studied cooperation mainly is motivated by the need to enhance implementation of the plans and to handle risks. The goal of the companies is to secure their future values by acting as an area developer. To reach these goals a more open notion of time and space and a more flexible regulatory framework is deployed. The consequence is that the municipalities transfer more responsibility to the private actors and that the municipalities at the same time take on a responsibility to create a market situation that makes the corporation provide public amenities through their business model. One conclusion is that planning is performed through the market and that the public actors have to be market-sensitive. The other conclusion is that planning has evolved in to a practice of planning through contracts.
Sverige är inne i en period av urbanisering med brist på bostäder, kontor och offentliga lokaler som följd. Samtidigt ser kommunernas möjligheter att genomföra sina stadsutvecklingsplaner annorlunda ut idag jämfört med 30 år sedan. Kommunerna är mer beroende av marknaden och samarbeten med privata aktörer. Denna studie studerar ett fenomen som uppstått de senaste åren: stora och långsiktiga samverkansprojekt mellan privata fastighetsbolag och kommuner. Genom en fallstudie av samarbetet mellan Atrium Ljungberg och Stockholms stad i Slakthusområdet och samarbetet mellan Fabege och Huddinge kommun i Flemingsberg studeras vad som motiverar dessa samarbeten, vilka mål aktörerna vill uppnå, vilka strategier de använder och vilka institutionella konsekvenser detta får. Med utgångspunkt i forskningen om hur den offentliga styrningen har förändrats mot större beroende av nätverk och kontrakt, om samverkan och privat-offentlig partnerskap och den svenska stadsutvecklingsmodellen har fallen studerats genom intervjuer med tjänstemän och bolagsrepresentanter samt dokumentstudier. Resultatet har analyserats genom att applicera ett teoretiskt ramverk där motiven och strategierna studerats utifrån hur de hanterar tre dilemman i planeringen: utbudsstyrd eller efterfrågansstyrd planering, öppen eller specifik rums- och tidsuppfattning och precisa eller generella regleringar. Samt hur de förhåller sig till risk och osäkerhet. De institutionella förändringarna studeras utifrån ett nyinstitutionellt ramverk: där handlade och beslut i planeringsprocessen betraktas utifrån tre hierarkiska nivåer av institutionella normer som begränsar och formar stadsutvecklingspraktiken. Resultaten visar att dessa samarbeten i huvudsak motiveras för att skapa genomförandekraft i stadsutvecklingen, möjliggöra en utveckling av kommersiella lokaler och kultur samt att hantera risker. Bolagens mål är att kunna säkra värden genom att agera områdesutvecklare. För att nå dessa mål appliceras en öppen rums- och tidsuppfattning och flexiblare regleringar där projekten styrs genom samarbetet. Det får till konsekvens att kommunerna för över större ansvar för helheten till de privata aktörerna och samtidigt tar på sig ett ansvar för att skapa en marknadssituation där bolagen kan leverera allmänna nyttigheter genom sin affärsmodell. En av slutsatsen är att dessa fall utgör exempel på hur planering i högre grad drivs genom marknaden och att kommunen därför måste vara känsliga för hur marknaden kan användas för att uppnå sina mål. En annan av studiens slutsatser är att planering i allt högre grad har utvecklats mot en slags planering genom kontrakt.

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Taylor, Mollie Marie. "A comprehensive assessment of Atlanta's status as a high-technology cluster." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22628.

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Nilsson, Per. "Varför förändras institutioner? : – Kommunal barnomsorg på entreprenad." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-9555.

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Denna uppsats behandlar politisk förändring i svenska kommuner. Fokus är New Public Management-reformer och specifikt har andelen kommunal barnomsorg på entreprenad studerats. Studien är kvantitativ och består av datamaterial över Sveriges 290 kommuner som samlats av Statistiska Centralbyrån (SCB) under perioden 1998-2005. Teoretiskt utgår uppsatsen från en nyinstitutionell teori. Fyra hypoteser om politisk förändring i svenska kommuner har konstruerats och sedan operationaliserats genom sex variabler; politisk majoritet (blå/röd), kommunstorlek, skatteunderlag och andel barn- och äldreomsorg på entreprenad. Dessa har sedan analyserats genom en regressionsanalys och slutsatsen är att ideologi som variabel inte inverkar på en kommuns reformbenägenhet, utan visar främst att stigberoende, isomorphism och kommuners ekonomiska situation är avgörande för kommuner ska välja att lägga ut barnomsorg på entreprenad.

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Habteab, Sibhatu Adam. "An institutional approach to appropriation and provision in the commons : a case study in the Highlands of Eritrea." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1206.

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Evans, Helen Kathryn. "'Making a tiny impact?' : listening to workers talk about their role in the transitions to adulthood of young people housed by the state." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2017. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/68222/.

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This is a small scale, qualitative research study, based on focus group and interview data from eight participants across two workplaces. The participants are workers involved in supporting those young people who are unable to live with their families during their transition to adulthood: they are drawn from two services within the same local authority, leaving care and a specialist adolescent support service which provides housing and support for homeless 16 and 17 year olds. A review of the literature in this field identifies a gap in the research, with few studies focussed on the voices of workers engaged in this specific area of work. I have used three analytical frameworks (thematic, narrative and voice-centred relational) to explore the data from different perspectives. Positioning the data in this three-dimensional framework has enabled me to produce an in-depth analysis, considering more than simply the content of participants' responses. My findings are presented as a reflexive account, exploring how the respondents talk about their work. The data suggests that the talk falls into two broad areas: workers positioning themselves within a framework of organisation(s) and workers positioning themselves in relation to individual young people. A picture emerges from the data of two quite different workplaces. The relative structure and clarity of the leaving care personal adviser's job role appears to unite this group of workers around a more coherent script for talking about the work they do. In contrast, the workers from the specialist adolescent service openly acknowledge that there are differences of approach within their organisation, and appear to lack a shared way of articulating their role. The way in which the workers position themselves within the organisation also differs between the two groups: the leaving care workers talk passionately about the division between ‘us' (workers) and ‘them' (management). The specialist adolescent workers barely mention their managers, and there is little talk of a group identity (an ‘us'). These workers talk about the relationship they develop with individual young people as an intervention in itself. This relationship is conceptualised in various ways, with the clearest construct being parent-child. There appears to be a difference between the two organisations in the way in which this parent role is enacted: leaving care workers talk of an organisational corporate parenting responsibility, whilst workers from the specialist adolescent service talk more freely of thinking and acting as a good parent. In relation to their direct 1:1 work, the majority of participants describe using conversation to facilitate the development of problem solving skills, encouraging reflective thinking through the process of co-creating narrative. These emotional and cognitive skills are talked about as more valuable than specific practical independent living skills. The data suggests that emotional labour is acknowledged and managed very differently in these two workplaces. The leaving care group found it difficult to talk about the emotional aspects of their role, and this plays out in different ways in the interviews. Some participants describe struggling to manage the emotional impact of their work, otherwise struggle to articulate the emotional content of the work. As a group, they retreat from talk of emotional involvement with young people, distancing themselves by stating that it is beyond what is possible within their role. In contrast, the workers from the specialist adolescent service talk more comfortably about their emotional responses to the work: they appear to feel safer using themselves in their work, and seem better able to contain this emotional labour within the overall professional boundaries of their role. Workers talk of ‘making a tiny impact' - acknowledging the potential for their support to make a positive difference in young people's lives, whilst also highlighting the limitations of their role.

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Singh, Sukhwinder. "What are the experiences and outcomes of anti-racist social work education?" Thesis, University of Sussex, 2014. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/48607/.

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This thesis seeks to interrogate the experiences and outcomes of anti-racist social work education and evaluate the pedagogic relevance and practice utility of teaching social work students about ‘race', racism and anti-racism. A mixed methods research strategy is drawn upon to explore how professional social work training prepares students to work with ‘cultural diversity' and ‘cultural difference' and to evaluate the outcomes of teaching and learning which focuses on anti-racism. The methodological position drawn upon in this thesis is a pragmatic one (Williams, 2006), which recognises the role of both nomothetic and idiographic approaches to enabling us to describe and understand how social work students and tutors experience and make sense of anti-racist social work education and the pedagogic challenges and barriers they face to engaging with this discrete area of professional education. Anti-racism is the theoretical and conceptual focus of this thesis and it encompasses a broad coalition of different perspectives and academic interests concerned with actively identifying and resisting racism. It has been characterised as a set of disparate polycentric overlapping practices and discourses (Anthias & Lloyd, 2002), whilst exhibiting a politically committed form of practice (Bhatti-Sinclair, 2011). It has also been described as a radical and oppositional project which emphasises the need to actively identify and resist racism (Bonnett & Carrington, 1996; Tomlinson, 2002). Historically it has been associated with the politics of resistance and social movements in support of decolonialisation, anti fascism and equal rights for immigrant workers (Dominelli, 2008). Frequently, it has been characterised as reflecting a radical dualism between ‘white racism versus Black resistance' (Gillborn & Ladson-Billings, 2004). Within social work education, anti-racism despite its retrenchment and appropriation into a broad ‘anti oppressive' practice model (Williams, 1999), continues to be regarded as a progressive educational strategy which has a transformative role. It is viewed as an effective approach to challenging the attitudes and values of individual students (Heron, 2008). It can also lead to ‘perspective transformation' (Mezirow, 1981), and ‘critical consciousness' through the process of conscientization (Freire, 1970). Anti-racism is therefore considered to have a valuable pedagogic role in raising awareness of racial inequalities and the processes associated with racial exclusion, whilst also providing a wider critique of the state, its culture, its institutions, ideology, legislation and policy frameworks (Singh, 2006a). The qualitative and quantitative data presented in this thesis suggests that it is possible to discover the situated experiences of teaching and learning on anti-racism and measure how these pedagogic interventions can affect and lead to knowledge, skills and attitudinal change (Carpenter, 2005; 2011). The empirical evidence drawn upon in this thesis identifies important group differences, related to age, ‘race' and experience of working with a BME service user, which are important for understanding how anti-racist social work education is experienced differently by learners, and how it leaves a complex set footprints which enable us to appreciate how this educational intervention works in different ways for different types of students. Sometimes these differences are subtle, but at other times they are more evident and suggestive of group experiences which go beyond the individual. The empirical evidence also suggests that social work educators experience anti-racist social work education as a challenging and emotionally supercharged area of the curriculum and that their levels of engagement, preparedness and commitment is often dependent upon where they are positioned socially, culturally and politically. This thesis is important because regionally and nationally there have been very few attempts to empirically capture how professional social work training programmes accommodate and evidence ‘race' equality and cultural diversity issues (Williams et al., 2009; Williams & Parrott, 2013).

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Turner, Denise Mary. "Telling the story : what can be learned from parents' experience of the professional response following the sudden, unexpected death of a child." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2014. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/50402/.

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My research takes a psychosocial approach to exploring parents' experiences of professional intervention in the aftermath of sudden, unexpected child death. In the UK all deaths of this nature are immediately subject to a Rapid Response, which includes forensic investigation, followed by a series of subsequent meetings and the obligation on professionals is to treat parents as guilty whilst also maintaining their innocence. These requirements were part of a number of recommendations arising from the Report, ‘Sudden, Unexpected Death in Childhood' (2004) known colloquially as the Kennedy Report, which was a response to the release on Appeal of three mothers, all wrongfully imprisoned for killing their children. One of the explicit purposes of the Kennedy Report is to avoid similar cases and it therefore attempts to address the complexity of balancing every parent's right to have their child's death properly investigated with the requirement to protect children who may be at risk. As a part of achieving this, the Report identifies a need for appropriate training to assist professionals in becoming sensitised to emotions being experienced by parents, in order that culpability or otherwise may be easier to discern. Despite this, the Working Party for the Kennedy Report did not include parents and this lack of direct access to their experiences is reflected in the wider field. Parents are not allowed to participate in any of the multidisciplinary meetings which follow sudden, unexpected, child death and their narratives are largely absent from literature and training material. This makes achieving the form of emotional understanding between parents and professionals advocated by the Kennedy Report difficult and thereby increases the risk of potential errors of professional judgement. This study aims to restore the voices of parents to the field of sudden unexpected child death, by engaging directly with the emotional complexity and trauma of the experience and thereby improving practice. The research is based on eight in-depth interviews with parents who have experienced the sudden, unexpected death of their child, together with investigation, but no accompanying charges. The research was prompted both by my previous role as a social worker, but primarily by my experience of investigation following the sudden unexpected death of my son Joe. My account of his death and the experiences which led me to undertake this research are offered within Chapter One and thereafter run as a thread throughout. Drawing on Hollway (2009) I have used a psychosocial approach within this thesis, to combine both the workings of the psyche and the social without diminishing or conflating either. This has enabled me to locate my experience and that of the parents within the thesis, as part of a wider exploration of how parents may be positioned and perceived following a sudden, unexpected child death. The research uses a narrative, interpretive methodology which draws from the Biographic Narrative Interpretive Method (Wengraf, 2011) and the Listening Guide (Doucet & Mauthner, 2008). Data analysis panels were used as part of the interpretive process and they are discussed and critiqued. The unexpected results produced by the panels forms a significant contribution to knowledge which is also identified. The thesis concludes that current cultural debates around ‘good death', together with heightened anxieties about safeguarding children, may lead to the construction of sudden unexpected child death as dangerous knowledge (Cooper & Lousada, 2005). Returning to the emotional understanding advocated by the Kennedy Report, I make a number of recommendations including changing the language of investigation and developing opportunities for open dialogue between professionals and parents. I also identify several original contributions made by this work, both methodologically and more substantively, which are partly evidenced by the attention it has already received within academic and wider audiences. Amongst these, the research has formed the basis of a number of Conferences presentations, a journal paper, national newspaper article and a guest appearance on BBC Radio 4. As a conclusion to the thesis I identify a need for additional in-depth research in this area, together with a re-visiting of the recommendations arising from the Kennedy Report, aimed at further policy change and improving the experiences of all those involved with sudden, unexpected child deaths.

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Drew, Helen Margaret. "Understanding the mental health and well-being of early adolescents in foster care." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2018. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/74247/.

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Children in foster care are at high risk of experiencing mental health problems and tackling this issue is a key priority. Previous research suggests that the transition from primary to secondary school can be particularly challenging, as well-being declines and mental health problems increase in early adolescence. However, there is insufficient understanding of variations in the well-being and mental health of this group of children, and particularly the role played by their social interactions, relationships, and psychological attributes. This thesis includes three papers reporting on a programme of empirical research conducted to address this gap in knowledge and better understand the risk and protective factors, particularly in the peer context, for changes in mental health and well-being. The first paper focuses on current provision and reports the findings from a national survey of Virtual Schools that support the education of children in care. The second paper presents the findings of a longitudinal study with children not in care (aged 10-13 years), to test our conceptual model in the general population. This demonstrated that peer factors predict changes in mental health problems and well-being over and above parental and other adult support. The third paper presents findings from a longitudinal study of children in foster care (aged 10-14 years), to test these key pathways in our focus population. This revealed a pattern of differentiated links from peer and adult support to mental health and well-being, and identified self-efficacy as a key longitudinal predictor of change, especially when moderated by peer relationship quality. The thesis demonstrates the importance of supportive relationships with both adults and peers for the mental health and well-being of children in care. This has important implications for future work where social activities and relationship quality with peers should be considered as potential protective factors, especially in school settings.

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Ellames, Lorraine. "Dementia care training for residential care workers : building residential care workers' own views into a conceptual model." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2018. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/76639/.

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This thesis is the result of research that investigated the views of residential care workers (RCWs) working with people with dementia about their perceptions of training for their dementia care role with older people. Using a constructivist ontology and an interpretivist epistemology, the research investigates how care workers perceive their training and how they feel it can be applied to their working environment. RCWs were asked what they saw as the specific needs of residents with dementia, what training they had received, how useful they perceived the training to be, and what training they felt was still needed. Previous studies had put forward topics for inclusion into dementia care training, but very little research had asked RCWs themselves about their dementia training needs. Nineteen semi-structured interviews were carried out across three care home organisations during the summer of 2013 in the East of England. Findings from thematic analysis showed that the care workers interviewed had very limited or no dementia training or assessment they could remember, and that training had generally been a negative experience. Dementia care trainers were not considered helpful or knowledgeable enough and RCWs identified that their learning needs had not been taken into consideration. The learning environment was viewed as unsuitable, usually a lounge or a bedroom where it was very cramped and RCWs were pulled out of training when there were limited staff numbers. Many challenges specific to caring with people with dementia were also identified: challenging behaviour, lack of time and resources, poor teamwork and communication and lack of organisational support all inhibited the development of person-centred care and training transfer into practice. A conceptual model of the training and learning cycle is proposed as a way forward for dementia training. This model illustrates the training process from course creation through to satisfactory completion. Learning into practice is measured by care workers' knowledge, confidence, and competence. This assessment is a two-way process between the learner and the mentor to ensure RCWs feel fully supported and recognised. Although this conceptual model has not been tested empirically, such a process is seen as a possible next step.

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Cochliou, Despina. "Towards a practitioner-centric paradigm of MIS development and organisational knowledge creation in social care organisations." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2012. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/42979/.

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This study explores the Management Information Systems' (MIS) implementation and utilisation in social care organisations. The aim of this thesis is to study the level of social work practitioners' involvement in MIS selection and implementation and to determine the links between the utilisation of MIS in social care organisations and the creation of organisational knowledge. Thus, the thesis endeavours to increase understanding of the importance of MIS implementation for personnel and organisations, to capture its meaning and any implications this may have for organisational knowledge and social work practice. To further this aim, a two case-study design was developed and carried out in two social care organisations in England. Semi-structured interviews and direct observation were used as data collection tools. Interviews with open-ended questions were carried out with practitioners, team managers, senior managers and staff responsible for Information Technology applications and programmes. Data analysis was carried out utilising two key methods, within-case and cross-case analysis. The purpose of the analysis was to illustrate the participants' experiences within five main themes: Practitioners' and Team Managers' Feelings about the new MIS' Implementation, Participation, Management Information System, Social Work Practice, and Organisation and Organisational Knowledge. The research findings highlighted that social care organisations need radical shifts in organisational philosophy in order to achieve functioning MIS, and more importantly, to become ‘learning organizations' that capture and disseminate social work practice knowledge and skills. For example, practitioners' participation in MIS implementation was recognised as a key factor, which determined both MIS implementation and organisational knowledge creation in a social care organisation. The qualitative data gathered also revealed that there were constraints in engaging practitioners with organisational procedures and in make them feel valued. The thesis, based on the research findings, concludes with the proposal of two models for MIS implementation and organisational knowledge creation.

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Hyder-Wilson, John Anthony. "What is the experience of establishing an independent practice within the contemporary social care field in England?" Thesis, University of Sussex, 2013. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/44404/.

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My thesis examines the journey made by myself and others from paid employment, usually with a local authority, to self-employed status within an independent practice. I have tried throughout, as far as possible, to uncover the many meanings and essential elements of the experience: both my own, and those of others. Fully integrated within my thesis are the detailed experiences of my research respondents who have travelled a similar journey. I have used a heuristic methodology, first established and pioneered by Clark Moustakas. This demands that the researcher and his or her respondents must have lived through the experience being described. The methodology is congruent with my own positioning as a researcher and also provides a suitable, flexible but rigorous framework within which the emerging story (and stories) can be told. This approach has also been of the utmost value in structuring my research. Moustakas defines the heuristic approach as: A process of internal search through which one discovers the nature and meaning of experience and develops methods and procedures for further investigation and analysis. The self of the researcher is present throughout the process and, while understanding the phenomenon with increasing depth, the researcher also experiences growing self-awareness and self-knowledge. Heuristic processes incorporate creative self-processes and self-discoveries' (1990:9). I have used other approaches for data analysis as Moustakas does not give detailed guidance in this area. I have principally used the approach pioneered by Max Van Manen which can be described as an evolved phenomenological approach. My thesis therefore describes and explores the experience of setting up my independent practice from its very first manifestations through to the present. Integrated within that narrative are the detailed and rich ‘borrowed' experiences of my research respondents captured through 11 in-depth interviews and a consideration of the similarities and differences of the individual experiences. I have let the individual voices speak fully which draws out the themes of the experience of becoming independent in terms of motivation, preparation, the moment of independence and finally, the experience of independence. In the succeeding chapter I have analysed the findings with reference to the literature on the nature of modern day social care organisations, organisational theory and motivation, and have also explored in some depth underlying issues concerning the nature of identity and selfhood and the autonomy of individuals. I conclude that there is a core of selfhood and that, within defined limits, individuals are free to choose their own path. A final creative synthesis draws the research project to a close by considering how all that has been learned fits together. My research strategy has essentially been an exploratory one which aims to “generate knowledge about a relatively under researched or newly emerging subject” (D'Cruz and Jones 2003:17). The under-researched and emerging subject here is about the experience of establishing an independent consultancy in the social care field. My contribution to knowledge on this subject falls into several areas, including what I see as the necessary and gradual liberalisation of the social care field which allowed independent practices to evolve. I also contend that my research respondents had a particular and specific motivational profile which explains why these particular individuals made the move to independence when others did not. A further finding is that my research group exchanged a constricting organisation for a more comfortable one: that of the informal network. I also find that making the move to independence is a near irrevocable step and that, in effect, the research group went through an important identity shift in their transition to independence.

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Morgan, Lucy Gianna Fitzgerald. "Professional caregiving and prosocial behaviour : an exploration within self-determination theory and beyond." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2016. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/61509/.

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Concerns have been raised about the quality of care provided by professional caregivers to vulnerable older adults. However, little is known about the psychological mechanisms that may affect professional caregivers' ability to provide good care. This thesis presents four papers which sought to address this gap in our knowledge. The first paper reports a proposed quantitative multilevel study, investigating the effects of nursing home manager-level and care assistant-level variables on psychosocial caregiving among care assistants. There were no effects of manager-level variables. However, structural equation modelling (SEM) analyses found care assistants' community aspirations and basic need satisfaction at work positively predicted the autonomy and relatedness support care assistants showed towards service users. No indirect effects were found. The second paper presents a new measure of autonomy, relatedness, and competence satisfaction, which had improved construct validity compared to an existing measure and good external validity, being related to measures of well-being and ill-being in expected ways. The third paper reports the relationships between autonomy, relatedness, and competence satisfaction and prosocial behaviour. SEM analyses showed that a higher order factor of basic need satisfaction explained a small but significant amount of variance in prosocial behaviour, but that autonomy, competence, and relatedness satisfaction were not independent predictors. The final paper presents a grounded theory analysis of semi-structured interviews with a range of individuals associated with nursing homes for the elderly. The findings highlight the role of a person-centred perspective at all levels of caregiving, with positive management practices interacting with the qualities and approaches of individual caregivers to support the provision of good care. Overall, this body of research provides a preliminary understanding of the interplay between the personal qualities of professional caregivers and socio-environmental factors in the provision of good care. In addition, it has contributed meaningfully to the SDT literature and its application to real-world settings. These findings pave the way for future research to provide further beneficial insights for policy and practice in professional caregiving.

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Meleyal, Lel Francis. "Reframing conduct : a critical analysis of the statutory requirement for registration of the social work workforce." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2012. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/7665/.

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The relationship between the statutory registration of a workforce and impact upon practice and practitioners is unclear. Little empirical research in relation to the efficacy of existing professional registers has been undertaken. No research has so far been undertaken in relation to the impact of UK legislated registration upon social work practice. A number of high profile cases in health care such as the Bristol, Shipman, Ayling and Allit inquiries (DH, 1994; Crown Office, 2001 & 2005) have drawn attention to the inadequacies of workforce registration systems. Regulatory approaches to modifying the behaviours of the regulated are widely viewed as problematic in a broad range of theoretical literature from diverse disciplinary bases and methodologies. Literatures caution that just as ‘markets' may behave imperfectly, so may regulatory mechanisms such as workforce registration systems (Ayres & Braithwaite, 1992; Baldwin, Scott & Hood, 1998; Haines, 1999; Sparrow, 2000; Ashworth & Boyne, 2002; Johnstone & Sarre, 2004; Haines & Gurney, 2004; Walshe & Boyd, 2007). The UK Better Regulation Task Force cautions that some regulatory interventions can make a situation worse (2003b). The potential of professional registers generally and the social work register specifically to impact upon quality and improve protection has been questioned since 1982 when the first meetings about the development of a national social work regulatory council were held (Malherbe, 1982). The regulatory body for social work in England, the General Social Care Council (GSCC) came into being in 2002. The first UK register of social workers came into force in 2005 with protection of title implemented shortly after. The first three conduct cases applying sanctions to registrants were heard within a year of the social work register opening. Using a grounded theory approach, in the context of the first three conduct case outcomes, this study sought to elicit the perceptions of qualified social workers on the positive and negative impact(s) of the statutory requirement to register, for both the individuals and the organisations in which they work. This study finds that the first registration conduct case outcomes triggered a reframing of the concept of conduct and that as a consequence, respondents in this study re-positioned their allegiance to registration, and engagement with conduct matters in the workplace. The study considers the relevance of research findings in the context of a changing policy and political landscape.

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Lynch, Michael David. "A mixed method analysis of an Early Intervention Program for students with behavioural and concentration difficulties in two schools in Malmö, Sweden." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2015. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/59814/.

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The aim of this research, set in two schools in Malmö, Sweden, was to examine the outcomes of a combined approach of a behavioural modification program and a biofeedback intervention for students, aged 7 to 12, with behavioural and concentration difficulties. Biofeedback is the use of technology to measure physiological changes in the body (such as heart rate and breathing) and gives this information back to the user. The behavioural modification program was an intervention known as Family Class, whereby students (and their parents) attended for 12 weeks to work on classroom issues identified by the teacher. It is accepted that students with behavioural and concentration difficulties are at risk of going on to develop more severe problems such as ADHD, if early intervention programs are not implemented (Barkley, 1996). In addition, the Swedish education system is under increasing political pressure given poor international results (PISA, 2013) and poor high school graduation rates (Cederberg et al, 2011). Working as a social worker across two schools, I was ideally placed to assess the current intervention provision, adapt it and subsequently carry out the research to evaluate the outcomes. The research drew on a pragmatist epistemology (Hall, 2013) that supported the semi-experimental design used in the study. A mixed methods approach to gathering the data from parents, teachers and the students was used. Qualitative data collected before and after the intervention, were sought through interviews with students in which vignettes were used to identify their ideas on self-regulation of behaviour, whilst quantitative data on the impact of the combined intervention were gathered through pre/post measures using The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, Biofeedback software and behavioural sheets. The thesis also traces the author's changing identity from a practitioner to a researcher-practitioner. The experience of doing the research was interwoven into the fabric of the study, helping to ensure that the study is rooted in practice. In that respect, a key social work value, empowerment, was critically discussed by referring to the theories of Michel Foucault and John Dewey. A view that self-regulation can be seen as an act of empowerment was the resulting outcome of this theoretical discussion. This position supported the author's personal practice and the intention behind the intervention was the focus of the research. The key findings from the qualitative data suggested that the majority of the sample of 13 students (most of whom had experienced difficulties for more than a year) had learnt self-regulation skills and understood self-regulation ideas; from their responses to the vignettes, it appeared students had moved from a position of reliance on teachers and other adults when managing behaviour and concentration difficulties to a position that encouraged a balance between the students' self understanding on how to manage classroom challenges and the role the teacher can play in this. This was backed up by SDQ feedback from the parents and teachers on the changes in the students' own behaviour in relation to the following categories: hyperactivity and attention, peer interaction and pro-social behaviour, conduct behaviour, emotional difficulties, impact on relationships and perceptions of the problem. The biofeedback data also showed that the group as a whole had learnt how to regulate their breathing and heart rate. The key implications for social work practice are that the combination of a behavioural modification approach such as Family Class with biofeedback has potential in helping students with behavioural and concentration difficulties in a school setting. The methods and methodology used in this research proved to be a suitable approach to identifying the impacts of an innovative intervention and could be considered by other social workers carrying out research in similar settings.

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Wheeler, Bella. "Spaces after modernity : a systems based analysis of creativity, community and narrative formation." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2017. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/70082/.

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Drawing on principles from systems theory, critical health psychology and narrative analysis, this research sought to examine the relationships between environments that facilitate creative arts-based group work, and notions of self-governance and self-determination that they may give rise to; exploring whether such processes are discernible in speech, language and narrative formation. The research constituted an eleven month, qualitative community-university project that examined ways in which the 'Centre user and volunteer led' organisational ethos of the Brighton Unemployed Centre Families Project (BUCFP) - a charity working to relieve poverty and hardship based in the south of England - related to the forming of a creatively working and self-managing group. This sought to better understand the emergence of the group; the ways in which participation was experienced; and what (if any) effects participation may have had on sense-making and narrative formation surrounding the topic of food poverty. Using arts-based and participatory methods, the research was carried out with a group of twenty Centre users with experience of food poverty. It culminated in the production and display of an art exhibition on this topic as part of the Brighton Festival in May 2015. The research suggests that using participatory and arts-based approaches in the exploration of food poverty in the facilitative environment of the BUCFP enabled participants to examine and contest societal discourses surrounding poverty. The research describes how, through a complex interplay between group discussion and the material and semiosis of art-making, participants developed and symbolised a counter narrative that deflected stigmatising narratives surrounding food poverty, instead developing a collectivised narrative of resistance. The ability to 're-narrativise' forms of social discourse and to signify the taking of a position in the socio-cultural and political landscape through creative methods may be tied to notions of wellbeing that are important to consider within a community health milieu.

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Lefevre, Michelle. "Becoming effective communicators with children in social work practice : who you are, not just what you know and do." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2012. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/39582/.

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Shortcomings in the quality and level of social workers' communication with children have led to queries about the role qualifying training plays in equipping students for this challenging aspect of their practice (SWTF, 2009; House of Commons, 2009). This thesis seeks to clarify some of the factors and processes which support qualifying students in learning to become effective communicators with children. The evidence for what should be taught to students to enable them to communicate effectively with children and the programme structures and pedagogic approaches which best facilitate students' learning and development are explored. An original framework for practice is outlined which constitutes a taxonomy of 32 evidence-informed ‘dimensions' of ‘Communicative Capability' needed for effective social work practice with children, set within ‘domains' of ‘Knowing' (knowledge and understanding), ‘Doing' (skills and techniques), and ‘Being' (ethics, values, personal qualities and emotional capacities). The compass of the dimensions is broad and diverse, so requires teaching and learning opportunities across the whole curriculum including in fieldwork placements, rather than just through a discrete course or specific pedagogical model (Lefevre et al, 2008). The Communicative Capabilities taxonomy has been used as a framework for analysing data collected from social work students on an MA qualifying programme which I teach. Taking a realist approach (Robson, 2011), as an insider (Drake, 2010), I sought to learn more about students' journeys towards qualified practice so as to identify any factors or processes which support or hinder students' learning and development. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected at four time points during the programme using self-efficacy scales, course feedback, and written responses to a case vignette, which were analysed for students' awareness of the Communicative Capabilities. Baseline data on student characteristics, intentions and experiences were gathered so that individual trajectories could be identified and mapped against these. Once students had been qualified for between 16-18 months, follow-up interviews were conducted with a sub-sample of five participants using a semi-structured questionnaire. There were a number of limitations and methodological constraints, most notably those engendered by the lack of a comparison group and small sample, so findings must be regarded as emergent and tentative. An analysis of students' learning journeys indicated trajectories were rooted in specific experiences, strengths and learning styles. Students would benefit from developing a personalised learning plan which would enable them to maximise their potential and plug gaps in their capabilities. Ways need to be found to enable students to build up from generalist proficiencies in communication, so that first generic, then child-focused, and finally child-specialist applied capabilities in communication can be developed to at least a basic level at the point of qualification. Drawing on Kolb (1984), a cyclical model of the teaching and learning process has been mapped to the development of Knowing, Being and Doing capabilities. Students enter qualifying training with pre-course concrete experience of communication which provides a valuable source for inductive learning through critical reflection. Related theoretical input enables them to conceptualise processes of communication (developing Knowing). Skills may be acquired and honed through active experimentation with techniques and methods both in the university and in placements which are subject to observation and feedback (Doing). Tutor modelling and experiential approaches to capability-building help engender the kind of thoughtful, ethical, contained and engaged use of self by students (Being) which matters to children. Learning needs to be integrated and consolidated so that it is not forgotten or absorbed solely into tacit professional knowledge (Eraut, 1994). The learning cycle has been developed into a proposed framework for how qualifying programmes could ensure a coherent and integrated learning experience.

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McCreadie, Elizabeth Ann. "Doxa disability and discrimination." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2017. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/66873/.

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This research considers the hypothesis that eugenic ideology still influences social work practice in contemporary Britain. Exploring the issues through a feminist perspective by utilizing a narrative approach with individuals with learning disabilities. For many people with learning disabilities access to 'Human Rights' is rather elusive and this work seeks to examine this through the lens of eugenic ideology and a Bourdieusian approach to social work. The purpose being to ascertain if eugenic ideology is still present, if only through the Bourdieusian concept of "doxa", if so how does this affect the life choices and human rights of the people in the research. Based on the 'lived experiences' of a number of individuals with learning disabilities, all of whom were members of a self-advocacy group in England. All participants had previously been involved as service users in the selection of Social Work students for a London university and were contributors to the programme in this capacity over a period of several years. Involvement of participants in the research with the self-advocacy group was by open invitation to the group members, and individual 'life stories ' were documented through recorded interviews by the researcher over a period of several months. Utilizing a narrative approach to the life stories from a feminist perspective the experiences were examined against the historical backdrop of eugenics, articles of the Human Rights Act and Bourdieu's theory of practice. The findings show oppression, inequality and a lack of 'Human Rights' experienced by the participants, this against a policy background of 'Valuing People' and 'Personalisation' which both set out to promote strategies of social inclusion and real opportunities for people with learning disabilities. The 'caring ' professions including social work are implicated in the continuing and ongoing oppression and symbolic violence of people with learning disabilities. Whilst the terminology of 'eugenics' is no longer an acceptable topic of conversation, the impact of the ideology continues to permeate the ‘collective unconsciousness' (doxa) of many including those who are involved in the decision making processes of individuals identified as learning disabled. The implications for practice is that awareness of the pernicious effects of the eugenic movement need to be taught as part of the history of social work and included in the curriculum, if we are to avoid repeating the horrors of the history of the eugenic movement. By utilizing Bourdieu's concepts of habitus, capital and field, together with doxa and hysteresis it is possible to arrive at a new model of Social Work practice to address discrimination and to promote anti oppressive practice. The "Hysteresis Wheel', is a model developed as a result of this research.

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Abbott, Simon Nicholas. "Using the law in social work Approved Mental Health Professional practice." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2018. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/77773/.

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The research study focuses on how social work Approved Mental Health Professionals (AMHPs) use the law in practice. AMHPs in England and Wales have statutory powers under the Mental Health Act 1983 (MHA) to detain people in hospital for assessment and/or treatment. The stakes in this area of law and social work are high: practitioners deal with important issues concerning individual liberty that have profound implications in relation to the power of the state to intervene in the lives of citizens, where notions of autonomy, protection, coercion and care sit in tension. The study explores the relationship between law and social work practice by interpreting meanings contained in case stories told by social work AMHPs about recent Mental Health Act assessments that they undertook. Eleven social work AMHPs, purposively selected from three different local authorities in England, participated in the study, which used qualitative in-depth interviews to collect data about using the law in circumstances where compulsory admission to hospital was a possibility. The use of case stories encouraged participants to provide a rich description of events as they unfolded over time. The data were analysed using Framework analysis (Ritchie and Spencer 1994). Computer Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis in the form of NVIVO was utilized to manage the data, and to support data analysis. Five themes are presented in the findings chapter: understanding the referral situation; understanding the individual; understanding the situation causing concern; community versus containment, and relationships and resources. The study contributes to knowledge by illuminating how the use of law in practice is an inherently socio-relational undertaking, involving embodied practice. Bourdieu's (1977) concept of habitus is used to make sense of participants' accounts of the action that unfolds when they use the law. A further contribution is made to knowledge on legal literacy in social work, where there is little empirical research focusing on how social workers use the law, and still less on how mental health social workers use the law to consider compulsory powers under mental health legislation. The organisational factors impacting on how participants relate to the law are outlined and discussed drawing on legal consciousness theory (Ewick and Sibley 1998; Sibley 2005), together with an account of how participants adapt to this, drawing on street level bureaucracy (Lipsky 1990). The thesis explores the distinction in practice between medical and social perspectives occupied by AMHPs when they use the law in circumstances where compulsory admission to psychiatric hospital is a possibility. The study findings suggest that AMHPs' perspectives are holistic and social and can be understood as occupying a socio-medical-juridical perspective. The most important factor in the decision to use compulsory powers in mental health law to detain a person involves the AMHP taking a wide perspective in terms of their understanding of the individual that is relational to the understanding of others, and understanding the person in their environment in relation to how they relate to others. The thesis outlines that the social and family situation of the person assessed, combined with views of others, and particularly the impact of risk on others, is the most influential factor in the decision to detain. This leads to the further argument that notwithstanding a holistic and social perspective, this does not necessarily lead to less coercive interventions. Medical and social perspectives thus often lead to the same conclusions in relation to decisions to use the law to detain.

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Heath, Mac. "Developing kinship care : a case of evidence based social work practice?" Thesis, University of Sussex, 2013. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/45652/.

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This thesis provides a description and analysis of contemporary policy and practice in kinship care within three local authorities in England. The aim is to examine the extent to which government policy principles and available research evidence have translated into professional practice on the ground in different agency settings and to consider the implications of these findings for future management planning in this field. This is approached through considering UK research on kinship and examining the relationship between the statutory principles driving policies and the way the three local authorities have responded. This is with a view to questioning how kinship locally has influenced social work practice at a case level and compares local policies and practice against wider research evidence. Proposals are made about the modelling of a more effective approach to social work practice and management in kinship care planning. This study of different authorities and their approaches to kinship explores some of the challenges by which policy principles and research findings get translated into social work practice in a field of practice and theory that is itself contested. The study was undertaken in four stages: 1. A review of the extent to which local authority policies are compliant and consistent with statutory rules and contemporary research findings on kinship care. 2. A comparative analysis of the similarities and differences between policies and their formation in three studied authorities. 3. An analysis of the extent to which local management and social work practice, as reported, is consistent with policy and research. 4. The modelling of a Kinship care Definition and Policy Model could be proposed that is compliant with the principles of the Children Act 1989 and responsive to the research findings. The challenge set out in this research is to bridge academic research, policy formulation and operational practice. This research does not seek to evidence best practice in its own right but to recognise the variance of kinship in practice and approach and, from knowledge gained, set out a proposed model of good practice, one that is responsive to the findings and could be adopted within local authorities in England.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Institutional pharmacies (public and private)'

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