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Journal articles on the topic 'Institutional relations'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Roper, W. F. "Human Relations in Institutional Treatment." Howard Journal of Criminal Justice 9, no. 2 (January 26, 2009): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2311.1955.tb00967.x.

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2

Mollenhauer, W. "Human Relations in Institutional Treatment." Howard Journal of Criminal Justice 9, no. 2 (January 26, 2009): 100–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2311.1955.tb00968.x.

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3

Franklin, Marjorie. "Human Relations in Institutional Treatment." Howard Journal of Criminal Justice 9, no. 2 (January 26, 2009): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2311.1955.tb00969.x.

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4

Nikonova, G. N., A. G. Trafimov, and A. G. Nikonov. "REGULATION OF LAND RELATIONS IN THE AGRARIAN SECTOR: INSTITUTIONAL APPROACH." RUSSIAN ELECTRONIC SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL 30, no. 4 (December 17, 2018): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31563/2308-9644-2018-30-4-7-18.

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5

Schwartz, Donald F., and Carroll J. Glynn. "Selecting channels for institutional public relations." Public Relations Review 15, no. 4 (December 1989): 24–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0363-8111(89)80062-1.

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6

PURCELL, JOHN. "THE END OF INSTITUTIONAL INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS." Political Quarterly 64, no. 1 (January 1993): 6–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-923x.1993.tb00310.x.

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7

Popov, Ye V., and G. M. Sokolov. "Institutional Corridor of Land Relations Development." Journal of the Ural State University of Economics 71, no. 3 (2017): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.29141/2073-1019-2017-15-3-1.

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8

Yerznkyan, Bagrat H. "Institutional Reinforcement: Three Types of Relations." Journal of Institutional Studies 9, no. 1 (March 25, 2017): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17835/2076-6297.2017.9.1.027-038.

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9

Nagelkerke, Ad G., and Willem F. de Nijs. "Institutional Dynamics in European Industrial Relations." Labour 12, no. 4 (December 1998): 745–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9914.00088.

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10

Fredriksson, Magnus, Josef Pallas, and Stefan Wehmeier. "Public relations and neo-institutional theory." Public Relations Inquiry 2, no. 2 (May 2013): 183–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2046147x13485956.

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11

Lepesbay, G., and G. Smagulova. "FEATURES OF INSTITUTIONAL RELATIONS: SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS." BULLETIN Series of Philological Sciences 72, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2020-2.1728-7804.30.

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This article examines examines institutional communication, which performs the main function in the process of socialization of the individual in society. Considering that the situation when a person becomes a member of only a certain group is not found practically , it is necessary to analyze the position of the individual relative to different groups, as well as its functional capabilities in each group. All social and practical issues related to communication are relevant and all institutional relations depend on language communication. Therefore, it is this communication that organizes society and allows a person to live and develop in it, bringing their behavior in line with the actions and behavior of others. This defines various aspects and situational forms of relationship research. Without proper development of forms of communication, it is almost impossible to develop such spheres of human activity as education, education, health, science, art, politics, ideology. When we say that society is divided into various social institutions, we pay great attention to understanding institutional relations. We are reviewing the opinions of scientists who have studied social institutions extensively.
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12

Fritsch, Stefan. "Technological innovation, globalization, and varieties of capitalism: the case of Siemens AG as example for contingent institutional adaptation." Business and Politics 17, no. 1 (April 2015): 125–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bap-2014-0020.

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Contemporary discussions in the comparative political economy of innovation revolve specifically around the question of globalization's impact on the observable diversity of innovation patterns, institutionally grounded comparative advantages of firms and countries as well as their evolution over time. The paper develops the concept of “contingent institutional adaptation” to trace institutional evolution at the firm level. It advances the idea that contingent adaptation can cause institutional hybridization, an evolutionary path defined by change and continuity, thereby offering a more nuanced concept of institutional evolution over time. In a historic single-case study the paper investigates the German Siemens AG and its efforts to remain on the cutting-edge of major information and communication technologies in two time periods (1847–1914; 1989–2013), both marked by institutional adaptations resulting in hybridization. Ultimately, institutional hybridization led to Siemens’ retreat from all information and communication technology sectors.
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13

HAYASHI, Daisuke. "The Institutional Framework of EU-China Relations." EU Studies in Japan 2018, no. 38 (May 25, 2018): 198–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.5135/eusj.2018.198.

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14

Petrosyan, D. "Social Justice in Economic Relations: Institutional Aspects." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 2 (February 20, 2007): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2007-2-59-67.

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Institutional approach to solving the problem of social justice in economic relations is formulated, including its presentation as social and economic institution. Specific features of transplantation of the said institution norms in the Russian economy are shown, the designing institutional model as a tool of promoting social justice in economic relations is offered, basic elements of the institutional mechanism of its assurance are determined.
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15

Painter, Martin. "Intergovernmental Relations in Canada: An Institutional Analysis." Canadian Journal of Political Science 24, no. 2 (June 1991): 269–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423900005084.

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AbstractFrom recent debates about the performance of the Canadian federal system, two images of processes of intergovernmental relations can be extracted: a “competitive” and a “collaborative” image. Differing propositions about the effects on processes and outcomes of the framework of rules and institutions of intergovernmental relations are embodied in these contrasting images. Elinor Ostrom's framework for institutional analysis is applied to the investigation of these effects. Using Fritz Scharpf's analysis of the “pathological” effects of a specific set of collaborative arrangements in West Germany as points of departure and contrast, the working rules underlying Canadian intergovernmental relations are elaborated. The author concludes that a competitive dynamic underpins a high degree of flexibility in these arrangements. Proposals to implement a more collaborative set of arrangements through constitutional reform are critically evaluated in this light, and the author makes suggestions about the course constitutional reform might take following the failure to adopt the Meech Lake Accord.
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16

Beaumont, P. B., and R. I. D. Harris. "The institutional vacuum in British industrial relations." Policy Studies 15, no. 4 (December 1994): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01442879408423668.

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17

Mahant, Edelgard. "Institutional Aspects of Canada-European Community Relations." Canadian Yearbook of international Law/Annuaire canadien de droit international 23 (1986): 285–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0069005800013345.

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18

Schroedel, Jean Reith, and Tanya Buhler Corbin. "Gender relations and institutional conflict over mifepristone." Journal of Women, Politics & Policy 24, no. 3 (2003): 35–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1554477x.2003.9970995.

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19

Hyman, Richard. "Institutional Transfer: Industrial Relations in Eastern Germany." Work, Employment & Society 10, no. 4 (December 1, 1996): 601–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017096010004002.

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20

Hyman, Richard. "Institutional Transfer: Industrial Relations in Eastern Germany." Work, Employment and Society 10, no. 4 (December 1996): 601–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017096104001.

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Can industrial relations be successfully transferred between countries? This paper reviews experience in eastern Germany since unification in 1990. The evidence is that the close integration in western Germany between the two elements of the `dual system' of interest representation - trade unions and works councils - has not been replicated in the east. Hence the formal identity of institutions does not prevent substantial differences in their functioning. This may be explained both in terms of the adverse economic circumstances in the east since unification, and of the distinctive socio-cultural inheritance of the former system.
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21

Talbot, Damien. "Institutional Dynamics and Localized Inter-Firm Relations." European Urban and Regional Studies 7, no. 3 (July 2000): 223–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096977640000700303.

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22

Matiash, Iryna. "Ukrainian-Hungarian Relations (1918–1991): Institutional Aspect." Mìžnarodnì zv’âzki Ukraïni: naukovì pošuki ì znahìdki, no. 27 (2018): 120–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mzu2018.27.120.

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23

Зарнадзе and A. Zarnadze. "Institutional Relations in Management’s Integral Paradigm Structure." Administration 2, no. 2 (June 16, 2014): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/4165.

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Work is devoted to actual problems related to interrelation of management’s system properties — integrity and institutionality. The integral control system is multifunctional one, which unites multidirectional spheres of action in unified system. Institutes, which considerably raise a level of integration in uniform integral system and promote the management system’s integral content formation, are important for integration of different, not coinciding on interests spheres of action. It occurs under influence of decrease of contradictions and uncertainty level related to multidirectional spheres of action. In such conditions the management as purposeful process concentrates on reproduction of integrative quality of the integral management system. The management system’s most important property — insurance of social and economic system’s activity and sustainable development — is brought to the forefront. Therefore, institutes of economic, social, legal, organizational and psychological contents are necessary for management system’s high-quality development. Only these institutes provide unity and integrity of the management system related to social and economic systems.
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24

Skrzek-Lubasińska, Magdalena. "Institutional changes in labour relations in Poland." Kwartalnik Nauk o Przedsiębiorstwie 52, no. 3 (September 28, 2019): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.4781.

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Contemporary labour market is subject to profound changes, such as the increase in the importance of short-term relations between employee and employer, transformation in the very nature of the employer, automation of many jobs. Changes in global work require permanent monitoring whether the institutional model of labor relations is adequate to the changing reality. An element of this model are legally sanctioned groups that can consult and negotiate the existing formal framework for cooperation. The aim of the article is to present the direction of institutional changes in the model of labor relations in Poland. Analysis focused on formal definitions of the major players operating in this market. The conducted studies (desk research) were based on ILO formal documents. The article presents proposed changes in the classification of labor market participants. The article highlights the increase in the importance of self-employment, and the increasingly less representative nature of organizations recognized so far as the main actors of labour market – trade unions and employers’ organizations. It has been proved that the definitions and classifications of major players used on the traditional labor market are not sufficient to monitor the current trends of this market.
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25

Schroedel, Jean Reith, and Tanya Buhler Corbin. "Gender Relations and Institutional Conflict Over Mifepristone." Women & Politics 24, no. 3 (June 2002): 35–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j014v24n03_03.

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26

Zavorotin, Evgeniy F., Alla A. Gordopolova, and Nataliya S. Tiurina. "INSTITUTIONAL TRAPS OF LAND RELATIONS IN AGRICULTURE." Economy, labor, management in agriculture, no. 2 (2021): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33938/212-3.

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27

Millard, Frances. "Executive–Legislative Relations in Poland, 1991–2005: Institutional Relations in Transition." Journal of Legislative Studies 14, no. 4 (December 2008): 367–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13572330802442329.

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28

Yas’kova, Natal’ya Yur’evna, and Tat’yana Romanovna Alekseeva. "Development of institutional bases of leasing." Vestnik MGSU, no. 2 (February 2016): 146–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2016.2.146-158.

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Institutional approach to the research of leasing in modern conditions is considered in the article. Formal and informal institutions of the leasing relations are investigated. Ratios of public and subjective expenses and benefits in institutional system of leasing are shown. Features of interaction of agents of the leasing relations, their interests and tendency to manifestation of opportunistic behavior are investigated. The typology of mechanisms of implementation of institutional changes is considered. The need of structural changes of the institutes of leasing relations is proved. It is offered to introduce “institution of engineering” in the structure of institutions of leasing relations. It will allow providing harmonization of the interests of the agents of leasing relations, decreasing their opportunistic behavior, and reducing the transactional expenses of the participants of leasing. It will promote prevention of their opportunistic behavior and reduction of transaction expenses of the participants of leasing. In our opinion, “the institution of leasing” is a set of formal and informal rules, norms and mechanisms of enforcement of their performance (institutes of property, financial rent (leasing), crediting, insurance and other institutes of leasing relations), which govern the property and economic relations, the arising relations with acquisition of ownership and its subsequent assignment for use for a certain time with payment. These norms and rules are necessary for ensuring stability and definiteness in the relations between the participants of leasing, and also for protection of their rights and economic interests.
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29

Christiansen, Thomas. "Intra-institutional politics and inter-institutional relations in the EU: towards coherent governance?" Journal of European Public Policy 8, no. 5 (January 2001): 747–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13501760110083491.

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30

Topal, Cagri. "Coexistence of continuity and change in institutional work." Baltic Journal of Management 15, no. 1 (October 23, 2019): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bjm-02-2019-0036.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to answer the question of how continuity and change coexist in the work of institutional actors who can combine maintenance, disruption and/or creation. Past studies mention this coexistence without an explanation. Design/methodology/approach The paper develops a perspective through literature review. Findings Institutional actors are both socialized into the norm-oriented space of continuity and maintenance through their reciprocal relations and associated social knowledge and roles and disciplined into the goal-oriented space of change and disruption/creation through their power relations and associated expert discourse and subject positions. Their institutional existence indicates a particular combination of reciprocity and power and thus their work includes changing degrees of maintenance, disruption and creation, depending on the nature of this combination. Research limitations/implications The paper points out research directions on the relational conditions of the actors, which facilitate or constrain their work toward institutional continuity or change. Practical implications Organizations whose concern is to continue the existing practices in a stable environment should emphasize reciprocal relations whereas organizations whose concern is to change those practices for more effectiveness in a dynamic environment should emphasize power relations. Also, too much emphasis on either relations leads to inflexibility or instability. Originality/value The paper provides an explanation on the sources of coexistence of continuity and change in institutional work. It also contributes to the discussions on contingency of institutions, resistance productive of institutional change, reflexivity of institutional actors and intersubjective construction of institutional work.
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31

Hagen, James M., and Soonkyoo Choe. "Trust in Japanese Interfirm Relations: Institutional Sanctions Matter." Academy of Management Review 23, no. 3 (July 1998): 589–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amr.1998.926628.

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32

Hagen, James M., and Soonkyoo Choe. "Trust in Japanese Interfirm Relations: Institutional Sanctions Matter." Academy of Management Review 23, no. 3 (July 1998): 589. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/259296.

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33

Gingrich, Paul. "Ethnic Relations in Canada: Institutional Dynamics: Raymond Breton." Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews 36, no. 1 (January 2007): 57–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009430610703600134.

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34

van der Mei, Anne Pieter. "EU External Relations and Internal Inter-Institutional Conflicts." Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law 23, no. 6 (December 2016): 1051–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1023263x1602300608.

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35

Pitt, G. "The Changing Institutional Face of British Employment Relations." Industrial Law Journal 36, no. 2 (June 1, 2007): 248–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/indlaw/dwm013.

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36

Kinnie, Nicholas. "Institutional separation and the management of industrial relations." Employee Relations 18, no. 1 (February 1996): 20–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01425459610110218.

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37

Napel, Stefan, and Mika Widgrén. "The European Commission–Appointment, preferences, and institutional relations." Public Choice 137, no. 1-2 (April 16, 2008): 21–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11127-008-9310-1.

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38

Sousa, André Luiz Castro de, Robson Silva Soe Rocha, and Mônica Cavalcanti Sá de Abreu. "Institutional permissiveness in the context of government-business relations." Revista de Administração da UFSM 13, no. 5 (November 28, 2020): 1073–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1983465955297.

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Purpose - This article explores the extent to which business–government relations permeate socially irresponsible business activities. While existing theory provides traction in explaining the strength of the pressures to conform that emanate from the institutional environment, it does not adequately explain the conditions under which businesses might exercise discretion in choosing whether or not to conform to local standards of appropriateness and how local actors organize their responses accordingly. Methodology - The empirical evidence is based on an in-depth longitudinal case study developed in an industrial district of Fortaleza, Brazil. Data were collected from three sources, including semi-structured interviews. An inductive thematic analysis of narratives was conducted to investigate the interactions between the different institutional actors and their experiences of institutional change and renegotiation. Findings - It was found that the institutionalized forms of business–government relations are fundamentally permissive and personalized, being based on meeting specific and mutually opportunistic demands. We show that institutional permissiveness can make it possible for large firms to dominate an industrial area and force the government to reduce law enforcement. We demonstrate the historical evolution of forms of the appropriation of space and natural resources. Originality - Our theoretical contribution is to the concept of institutional permissiveness. Unlike other institutional streams, we argue that the concept of the institutional void is inadequate to the task of understanding business–government relations in emerging markets. We show how an institutional configuration can emerge that sustains the power relations and resource appropriations that reproduce social relations distinct from those found in the Anglo-American institutional environment, which does not configure institutional voids.
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Nichols, Naomi. "Investigating the social relations of human service provision." Journal of Comparative Social Work 11, no. 1 (April 1, 2016): 38–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/jcsw.v11i1.135.

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In this article, I reflect on my experiences using institutional ethnography to support socially just policy, practice and organizational change. I focus specifically on three inter-related institutional ethnographic research projects that have informed my approach to working with social workers, shelter workers, lawyers, policy analysts, community organizers, teachers, probation officers and youth to create change. Although strategic collaborations to change institutional practices and knowledge are rife with tensions, I show how institutional ethnography can be used reflexively throughout the collaborative process to create conditions for critical consciousness-raising among participants; inspire reflection and action on the part of human service professionals and inform collective efforts to create systemic change, as well as to guide the research process itself. I conclude by suggesting that institutional ethnographers seeking to influence socially just change need to find ways to balance the demands of academic writing, while being true to the activist origins of this sociological approach.
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Итыгилова and E. Itygilova. "Accounts Auditing’s Institutional Essence." Auditor 1, no. 7 (July 17, 2015): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/12155.

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In this paper have been revealed new provisions in justification of audit’s institutional essence, auditor activity’s institutional structure and its elements; a model of institutional relations for implementation of accounting information quality assessment has been presented as well.
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41

Jia, Fang, Zhilin Yang, and Ling (Alice) Jiang. "The effects of government relation and institutional environments on channel performance." Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics 30, no. 3 (June 11, 2018): 587–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/apjml-05-2017-0091.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the importance of channel partners’ government relations within channel performance and explore how institutional factors interact to influence channel performance. A theoretical framework, inclusive of hypotheses, is proposed to demonstrate the interaction of government relations and institutional environments on firm performance. Drawing on an institutional perspective, this paper suggests that the effect of partner’s government relations on firm performance is moderated by institutional environment factors, such as government interference, legal protection, and the importance of guanxi.Design/methodology/approachThis study conducted a questionnaire survey and collected data from 393 Chinese manufacturer managers in China.FindingsPartner’s government relations increase focal firm’s performance and this effect is moderated by different levels of legal protection. Partner’s government relations increase firm performance only in the context of high-legal protection; whereas, when legal protection is low, partner’s government relations decrease focal firm performance. As for the interaction of institutional factors, legal protection and importance of guanxi, all three moderate the negative effect of government interference on firm performance.Originality/valueThis paper provides insights on how channel partner’s government relations, representing a key institutional capital, interact with institutional environment factors to influence channel performance.
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42

COLE, DANIEL H. "Laws, norms, and the Institutional Analysis and Development framework." Journal of Institutional Economics 13, no. 4 (February 28, 2017): 829–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137417000030.

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AbstractElinor Ostrom's Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework has been described as ‘one of the most developed and sophisticated attempts to use institutional and stakeholder assessment in order to link theory and practice, analysis and policy’. But not all elements in the framework are sufficiently well developed. This paper focuses on one such element: the ‘rules-in-use’ (a.k.a. ‘rules’ or ‘working rules’). Specifically, it begins a long-overdue conversation about relations between formal legal rules and ‘working rules’ by offering a tentative and very simple typology of relations. Type 1: Some formal legal rules equal or approximate the working rules; Type 2: Some legal rules plus (or emended by) widely held social norms equal or approximate the working rules; and Type 3: Some legal rules bear no evident relation to the working rules. Several examples, including some previously used by Ostrom, are provided to illustrate each of the three types, which can be conceived of as nodes or ranges along a continuum. The paper concludes with a call for empirical research, especially case studies and meta-analyses, to determine the relevant scope of each of these types of relations, and to provide data for furthering our understanding of how different types of rules, from various sources, function (or not) as institutions.
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Geraldes de Matos, Maria Heliodora Vieira, and Carolina Feliciana de Sá Cunha Machado. "Institutional Leaderships." International Journal of Applied Management Sciences and Engineering 1, no. 1 (January 2014): 67–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijamse.2014010105.

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Leadership is a core foundation for banking organizations necessary to operate in today's environment. It is important to see how leaders perceive themselves as agents of success, both for the organization and its goals, as well as for the employees that work under their supervision. This paper intends to address these issues. This study was conducted through Crédito Agricola (CA) branches in Portugal and Azores, using online questionnaires. Data were collected from 85 leaders with different positions within the bank. Leaders generally perceive themselves as objective and impartial, capable of knowing the employees areas of personal and professional interest. Leaders are interested in developing their subordinates' capabilities, through on the job training and other skill enhancement alternatives. Data show that leaders prefer making decisions with participation of other team members and not alone. Data were collected through nonprobability sampling (quota sampling and purposive sampling). Relations between leaders and subordinates are analysed, and the paper addresses the leaders' personal views regarding their role in the decision process that affects their teams as well as the organization as a whole.
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Arceo, José Luis. "Public Relations in business and institutional communication: an introduction." Questiones Publicitarias, no. 4 (July 31, 1995): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/qp.219.

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45

Leslie, John, and Anne L. Clunan. "Bounding Institutional Authority in Comparative Politics and International Relations." Eurostudia 7, no. 1-2 (2011): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1015015ar.

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46

Wasilewska, Natalia, and Tetiana Kaminska. "PRECONDITIONS OF LAND RELATIONS DEVELOPMENT: ECONOMIC, LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL." Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing, no. 20(69) (December 19, 2018): 234–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/pefim.2018.20.69.43.

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This paper discusses the issues related to the implementation of the land reform in Ukraine. The purpose of the research is to work out a system of measures aimed at developing land relations, in particular, the introduction of the land market in Ukraine, as well as determining the economic impact of the effective turnover of land plots. The analysis of the economic situation in Ukraine over the past 10 years has been carried out. Issues related to land legislation, in particular land valuation, are briefly identified. The institutions without functioning of which the introduction of the land market is impossible, are established. The conducted analysis gave basis to the proposal of preconditions of economic, legal and institutional character, necessary for the successful development of land relations. The article also proposes mortgage refinancing mechanism through the issue of mortgage land securities.
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47

Mitchell, F., K. I. Sams, and P. J. White. "Institutional investors and industrial relations data: an empirical survey." Industrial Relations Journal 20, no. 2 (June 1989): 128–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2338.1989.tb00060.x.

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48

Spruyt, Hendrik. "Institutional selection in international relations: state anarchy as order." International Organization 48, no. 4 (1994): 527–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818300028307.

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By the end of the medieval era, three new competing institutions attempted to capture gains from trade and reduce feudal particularism: sovereign territorial states, cityleagues, and city-states. By the middle of the seventeenth century, city-leagues and city-states had declined markedly. Territorial states survived as the dominant form because they were able to reduce free riding, lower transaction costs, and credibly commit their constituents. The selection process took place along three dimensions. First, sovereign territorial states proved competitively superior in the economic realm. Second, states increasingly recognized only other sovereign territorial states as legitimate actors in the international system. Third, other actors defected to or copied the institutional makeup of sovereign territorial organization. The emergence of discrete territorial units in which only sovereign authorities represented their citizens as the predominant type of organization in international affairs created a new solution to the problem of markets and hierarchies.
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49

Howell, Chris, and Rebecca Kolins Givan. "Rethinking Institutions and Institutional Change in European Industrial Relations." British Journal of Industrial Relations 49, no. 2 (May 11, 2011): 231–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8543.2010.00846.x.

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50

Ristic, Maja. "Features of labour relations in institutional theatres in Serbia." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 178 (2021): 245–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn2178245r.

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Abstract:
The main goal of the paper is to investigate the forms of labor relations in institutional, subsidized theatres in Serbia. Given the social and economic crises, and today significant changes in the lifestyles of citizens of the world caused by the Corona virus pandemic, theatre institutions had to adapt to new market demands. Reduced production, inability to play large ensemble performances, problems in paying copyright contracts are some of the features of the work of theatre organizations. Having these turbulent circumstances, the subject of the paper should determine the influence of social circumstances on the formation of working relations in institutional theatres in Serbia. The paper will look at labor relations in the context of transitional cultural policy and the impact of the environment on defining the most optimal form of employment that should meet the needs of the state, city, municipality, as founders and financiers of the theatre organization, the needs of artists who strive for permanent employment that will provide them with existential security while providing them with an opportunity for artistic growth. By re-examining and analyzing the existing models of labor relations, the basic hypothesis we want to prove in the paper is that permanent employment and achieving permanent employment is the best solution for hiring artists in institutional theatre. In order to fulfill the set goals and prove the hypothesis, the paper will use theoretical research in the field of human resources management (Rahimic, Torrington, Hall, Taylor), labor law, cultural policy (Djukic), cultural studies (Klajic, Ristic, Djordjevic) as well as the case studies of form of employment in national theatres in the region. The paper also presents an empirical research that dealt with the impact the different forms of employment have on artists. The research shows that the establishment of a permanent employment relationship is of greater benefit to artist.
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