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Journal articles on the topic 'Institutional Scheme'
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Mwadzingeni, Liboster, Raymond Mugandani, and Paramu Mafongoya. "Localized Institutional Actors and Smallholder Irrigation Scheme Performance in Limpopo Province of South Africa." Agriculture 10, no. 9 (2020): 418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10090418.
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Poor performance bedeviling SISs in South Africa is attributed to poor institutional integration, consequently impacting service delivery. Despite this, local institutional actors (LIAs)’ role has not been documented as a potential entry point to address poor performance and hence increase SISs’ sustainability. This study sought to assess the role of LIAs on the performance of the Tshiombo irrigation scheme (TIS). Structured questionnaires, key informant interviews (KIIs), and focus group discussions (FDGs) were used for data collection. Yield data for sweet potato, the main crop grown in the scheme, was measured as a proxy indicator for performance. Ordinary least square regression model was used to assess the relationship between LIAs and scheme performance after reducing the data using principal component analysis. The study revealed that institutional factors such as community credit support, academic extension support, academic institution market and input support, community maintenance support, and community input support positively and significantly (at 5% level) improved the yield by a margin of 0.49, 0.12, 0.1, 0.36, and 0.10. Assessing institutional actors’ interaction within each scheme will help develop linkages that will enable sustainability of irrigation schemes. Out scaling of research on LIAs on irrigation scheme performance enhances scheme performance.
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Ekobi, Gabriel, and Lovelyne Mboh. "An Exploratory Study in to the Benefits and Challenges Facing Small-Scale Farmers in the Taung Irrigation Scheme, North West Province, South Africa." Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development 8, no. 1 (2018): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.1005/2018.8.1/1005.1.28.39.
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This study examined the benefits and challenges small-scale farmers faced in the Taung irrigation scheme. Irrigation schemes have been identified as the backbone in promoting agriculture in South Africa. Nevertheless, literature have shown that very few studies have been conducted on the benefits and challenges facing small-scale farmers in irrigation schemes, there is a need to supplement this gap. The findings contend that Taung irrigation scheme enabled small-scale framers to generate income. Income made in the scheme permitted small-scale farmers to purchase gardening tools such as watering cans, cattle ploughs and hoes to improve productivity. The scheme also provides a platform for farmers to produce more food therefore, a reduction in poverty incidence in the area. However, challenges such as lack of market, absence of institutional structure, farming capital, transport and loss of harvest through theft are affecting farmers on the scheme. Institutional structure is needed since it allows small-scale farmers to make decision regarding management of the scheme.
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Söderbaum, Peter. "Political Economic Person, Ideological Orientation and Institutional Change." Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics 12, no. 3 (2001): 179–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02601079x01001200301.
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Institutions do not exist independently of individuals. Individuals relate to institutions in cognitive and emotional ways. In this essay emphasis will be on how individuals interpret various phenomena as part of their ideological orientation. A Political Economic Person will be suggested as an alternative to Economic Man. Human beings are assumed to be responsible actors with many roles and acting in a changing context from specific positions. In relation to a specific group of phenomena such as business corporations or markets, there are more than one language and scheme of interpretation that can be used by individuals. The choice and application of one scheme of interpretation is a political matter and part of the mentioned ideological orientation of the individual. Similarly, organisations such as business corporations have their value orientation, business concept, business ideology or mission statement, which suggest specific ways of interpreting the world. Taking environmental issues seriously may—as an example—lead to a questioning of simplistic ideas about business companies in terms of profits and shareholder values. New schemes of interpretation emerge connected for instance with Environmental Management Systems, such as ISO 14001 or the European Union version, EMAS. The existence of more than one scheme of interpretation in relation to business corporations as phenomena, makes it meaningful to speak of a competition between alternative schemes of interpretation and thereby between institutions. ISO 14001—pointing to an idea that not only the monetary performance of a company counts but also environmental performance—has become institutionalised and in some sense threatens other existing ideas about business.
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Laryea, Emmanuel, Dennis Ndonga, and Bosire Nyamori. "Kenya's Experience with Special Economic Zones: Legal and Policy Imperatives." African Journal of International and Comparative Law 28, no. 2 (2020): 171–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ajicl.2020.0309.
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In 2015, Kenya adopted a Special Economic Zone (SEZ) policy as one of its major economic growth and development pillars aimed at attracting investments to the country's manufacturing sector. However, the current SEZ scheme is not the first of such schemes adopted by Kenya – it is the latest in a string of schemes adopted in the last five decades. As the earlier schemes were mostly unsuccessful, the question is why would this new SEZ scheme succeed? This article examines Kenya's experience with SEZ. It assesses the scheme's legal and institutional framework, offers a critique of the scheme and makes some recommendations.
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Müller, Thomas. "The variety of institutionalised inequalities: Stratificatory interlinkages in interwar international society." Review of International Studies 45, no. 04 (2019): 669–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210519000020.
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AbstractThis article argues that the research on institutionalised inequalities pays too little attention to competing understandings of stratification and the variety of interlinkages between the patterns of stratification and the institutions of international society. Building on the English School and theories of stratification, it develops an analytical framework that conceptualises these ‘stratificatory interlinkages’ as a twofold decision: firstly for a coupling – instead of a decoupling – of institutional characteristics to patterns of stratification and secondly for a specific classification scheme and type of interlinkage. The article draws on empirical examples from the League of Nations and other interwar international institutions to demonstrate that different understandings of stratification and classification schemes were used for different institutional purposes, for example, voting rights and the apportionment of budget expenses. In addition, it proposes four analytical dimensions that allow mapping the variety of classification schemes and types of interlinkages that were chosen for institutionalised inequalities. The dimensions relate to the composition of the reference group, the decision-making about the classification scheme, the institutional purposes, and the institutional form of the interlinkage. The variety of stratificatory interlinkages entails a more variable and diverse relation between stratification and institutions than usually assumed.
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Malczyńska-Biały, Mira. "The schemes for institutional consumer protection in the European Union." Przegląd Politologiczny, no. 3 (September 15, 2017): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pp.2017.22.3.14.
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The article is based on the analysis of the legal acts, literature concerning the subject and information found in the official website of the institution of protection. The work elaborates the scheme of institutional consumer protection developed in the European Union. Selected aspects of institutional and legal consumer protection matters were discussed. The institutions directly concerned with the creation of the consumer protection standards have been pointed out. Moreover, some of the institutional schemes of consumer protection in the selected States in EU were named. The final part of the article is the conclusion that elaborates the matter of importance of institutional consumer protection in the European Union.
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Berawi, M. A., Z. N. Affiandi, P. Miraj, and Gunawan. "Financial and institutional scheme of aerotropolis conceptual design." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 650 (October 29, 2019): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/650/1/012005.
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Carey, Gemma, Helen Dickinson, Eleanor Malbon, Megan Weier, and Gordon Duff. "Burdensome Administration and Its Risks: Competing Logics in Policy Implementation." Administration & Society 52, no. 9 (2020): 1362–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095399720908666.
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Australia is currently undergoing significant social policy reform under the introduction of a personalized scheme for disability services: the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS). This article explores the growing administrative burdens placed on disability providers operating under the new scheme, using an Australia-wide survey of the disability sector. The 2018 National Disability Services survey of the disability sector reveals that administrative burden is the most commented on challenge for providers. Moreover, providers linked this burden to questions concerning their financial sustainability and ability to continue to offer services within the NDIS. In this article, we explore the sources of these administrative burdens and their relationships with the institutional logics at play in the NDIS. In addition to documenting the impact of system change on the Australian disability service sector, this article raises questions regarding institutional hybridity within personalization schemes more broadly and whether they are a source of tension, innovation, or both.
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BROUWER, ROY, ABONESH TESFAYE, and PIETER PAUW. "Meta-analysis of institutional-economic factors explaining the environmental performance of payments for watershed services." Environmental Conservation 38, no. 4 (2011): 380–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892911000543.
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SUMMARYPayments for ecosystem services (PES) are a relatively new economic policy instrument, and the factors that drive and explain their environmental performance are poorly understood. Here a meta-analysis of causal relationships between the institutional design and environmental performance of 47 payments for watershed services (PWS) schemes worldwide showed a significant effect on environmental achievement of the terms and conditions of scheme participation, including the selection of service providers, community participation, the existence and monitoring of quantifiable objectives, and the number of intermediaries between service providers and buyers. Direct payments by downstream hydropower companies to upstream land owners for reduced sediment loads were identified as a successful PWS example. No other significant explanatory factors, such as specific type of watershed service, age or scale of implementation of the PWS scheme were detected. The results are highly dependent on the reliability of the input variables, in particular the measurement of the environmental performance variable. Despite efforts to find quantitative information on the environmental performance of existing PWS schemes, such empirical evidence is lacking in many of the schemes studied. International monitoring guidelines are needed to facilitate comparisons, identify success factors and support the future design of cost-effective PWS schemes.
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Gopal, Supragya Krishan, and Syed H. Mazhar. "Impact of Kisan Credit Card Scheme on Farmers in Kannauj District of Uttar Pradesh, India." Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology 42, no. 39 (2023): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2023/v42i394254.
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Capital is the most important input in any sector in any country, and agriculture is no exception. The agricultural sector's performance and productivity are determined by the availability of capital for farming activities. As a result, the agriculture sector requires support or credit in order to grow and survive. Agriculture credit is desperately needed to improve the agricultural sector's performance and production. Before financial reforms, the main source of agriculture credit was non-institutional sources i.e. Sahukars, Mahajanas, Moneylenders etc. and they were providing credit facility to farmer households at very high interest rates. The study was carried out in purposively selected district of Kannauj, Uttar Pradesh. The present study has made an attempt to study as the Kisan Credit Card Scheme is being implemented in the district as well as the researcher is well acquainted with the area. 158 beneficiaries and 158 non-beneficiaries were selected randomly for the current study. The main objective of present study is to investigate the challenges and issues in the adoption of Kisan credit card scheme by farmer households and how much this scheme succeed in resolving the previous issues and challenges. Credit availability for agricultural activities is the crucial input for improving the performance and productivity of the agriculture sector. The research aims to find out the sources of finance before and after the adoption of KCC Scheme opted by farmer households for availing the credit to fulfill the capital requirement of agriculture and allied activities. The analysis demonstrates a considerable favorable change in recipients' preferred source of credit following the implementation of the KCC scheme. Following the implementation of the KCC Scheme, the beneficiaries' credit sources moved from non-institutional to institutional. The Kisan Credit Card schemes revolutionized rural financing in India. This study will be extremely useful in determining the best way to distribute the KCC plan.
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Mettepenningen, Evy, Valerie Vandermeulen, Katrien Delaet, Guido Van Huylenbroeck, and Eric J. Wailes. "Investigating the influence of the institutional organisation of agri-environmental schemes on scheme adoption." Land Use Policy 33 (July 2013): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2012.12.004.
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Almaghfiroh, Choiruriwayancanti Fatimah, Pujo Pujo, and Mulyaningrum -. "ANALISIS KELEMBAGAAN SKEMA IZIN PEMANFAATAN HUTAN PERHUTANAN SOSIAL PADA KAWASAN HUTAN LINDUNG GUNUNG RAKUTAK JAWA BARAT." Wanamukti: Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan 26, no. 2 (2023): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.35138/wanamukti.v26i2.613.
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In developing a sustainable Social Forestry system in Indonesia, it is necessary to strengthen institutional and appropriate administrative management. This research aims to identify the characteristics of the institutional aspects of the Social Forestry Forest Utilization Permits (SFFUP) scheme in Mount Rakutak protection forest area. This research was conducted using criteria and indicator assessment methods that refer to sustainable social forestry institutional management. Data collection was carried out using a closed interview method with SFFUP participants. The results of research on institutional characteristics show that the policy implementation aspect is in the good category, the leadership aspect is in the good category, the institutional management aspect is in the bad category, the group transparency aspect is in the bad category, the aspect of trust towards stakeholders is in the good category, the conflict management aspect is in the fair category and the member development aspect is in the bad category. The results of the overall assessment of institutional aspects show that the implementation of the SFFUP scheme has not paid attention to sustainable governance of institutional aspects. To realize the successful implementation of SFFUP scheme, it is necessary to strengthen institutional aspects based on the 7 criteria and 30 indicators that have been found in this research.
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Hendrawan, Muhammad Rosyihan, and Gani Nur Pramudyo. "PENERAPAN SKEMA METADATA REPOSITORI INSTITUSI PERPUSTAKAAN PERGURUAN TINGGI DI KOTA MALANG." Journal of Documentation and Information Science 3, no. 2 (2020): 101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33505/jodis.v3i2.81.
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Purposes of research are to understand, to analyse, and to describe metadata sceme aplication of institutional repository software academic libraries in Malang (UB Library, UM Library, and UMM Library). Insititusional Repository need of UB Library facilitaties by BKG and Eprints UB, UM Library facility by Mulok, and UMM Library facilities by GDL and Eprints UMM. The Research uses qualitative approach with case studies. Metadata sceme aplication on institutional repository are using methods analyses type of metadata scheme, elements of metadata scheme, descriptive metadata and policy of metadata scheme. Results of the research are using stadard of metadata scheme (Dublin Core), and adaptation of metadata scheme (BKG Fields dan GDL Fields). Using standard of metadata scheme are make essier of bibliographic decribe and supporting rank of webometri repository
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Lee, Hyun-Song. "A Study of Poverty and Social Security in Malaysia." International Area Review 5, no. 2 (2002): 105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/223386590200500206.
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This paper makes a diagnosis of poverty and social security system in Malaysia. The socioeconomic gap between Malays and non-Malays, between urban dwellers and rural residents, and between Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah or Sarawak remains enormous despite government's aggressive affirmative action policies since the ethnic riot in 1969 along with the rapid economic growth. Malaysia's social security system holds institutional safety measures mainly for old age and industrial accidents, but none for sickness and unemployment. In the country the people covered by the institutional scheme of social security are limited to employed workers. About half of the total employed workers are covered by the Employment Provident Fund or related pension schemes, and those covered by the SOCSO's social insurance scheme stays at two thirds of the total workers. The rest of the populations are still not protected by any social security measures. New social insurance schemes to cope with unemployment and sickness together with a consistent effort to expand the comprehensiveness of existent measures are required for further socioeconomic development.
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Dec, Paweł, and Piotr Masiukiewicz. "Model of Institutional Protection Scheme in Polish Cooperatives Banks." Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia 52, no. 6 (2019): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/h.2018.52.6.25-35.
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<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">Artykuł dotyczy aktualnego i istotnego problemu zagrożenia bankructwem banków spółdzielczych<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"> w Polsce oraz opracowanego w tym kontekście modelu systemu ochrony instytucjonalnej (IPS) w polskich<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"> bankach spółdzielczych. Takie systemy zostały utworzone w dwóch stowarzyszeniach krajowych banków<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"> spółdzielczych jako spółdzielnie zarządzające programem ochrony instytucjonalnej (IPS). Zobowiązywa<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">ły do tego również regulacje europejskie, w tym dyrektywa UE, poprzez wprowadzenie odpowiednich<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"> przepisów w ramach pakietu CRD IV/CRR. Celem autorów było potwierdzenie, czy system IPS znacząco<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"> poprawia bezpieczeństwo stowarzyszeń banków spółdzielczych i poszczególnych banków będących ich<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"> członkami. Podkreślono przy tym konieczność objęcia takim systemem wszystkich banków spółdzielczych,<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"> wówczas bowiem będzie możliwa całościowa analiza funkcjonowania takiego systemu, z uwzględnieniem jego głównych zalet i barier. Autorzy przeprowadzili własne studium przypadku oparte na Systemie<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"> Ochrony Zrzeszenia <span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>– </em><span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">BPS.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>
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Radaev, Vadim. "New Institutional Approach: The Construction of a Research Scheme." Journal of Economic Sociology 2, no. 3 (2001): 5–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1726-3247-2001-3-5-26.
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Bilir, Selçuk, Ersin Gögüs, ÖzgecanÖnal Taş, and Talar Yontan. "A new ranking scheme for the institutional scientific performance." Journal of Scientometric Research 4, no. 2 (2015): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2320-0057.167254.
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Ramadhan, Ramli, Deni Firman Syah, and Nugroho Tri Waskhito. "Effectiveness and Institutional Conditions in Social Forestry Program: Case Study of Forest Village Community Institution (LMDH) Sumber Makmur, Forest Management Unit (KPH) Malang." Jurnal Sylva Lestari 10, no. 1 (2022): 141–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jsl.v10i1.525.
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Changes in the Social Forestry or Perhutanan Sosial (PS) scheme have been made by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia, particularly in the state-owned forestry enterprise (Perhutani) working area. A forestry partnership is one of the schemes being developed to replace the previous scheme, Community Forest Management (PHBM). However, increased PS area permits are not always accompanied by increased farmer trust and understanding of the program. This study aimed to determine the institution’s effectiveness and institutional condition in the era of PS policy, which is currently a government priority program. One of the community groups granted a management permit is the Forest Village Community Institution (LMDH) Sumber Makmur, located in the Forest Management Unit (KPH) Malang. This study was conducted from December 2020 to March 2021 using a qualitative descriptive method as in-depth interviews and questionnaires with assessment indicators. Respondents were chosen randomly from the entire population using the Slovin formula. The results showed that the institutional effectiveness of LMDH Sumber Makmur still tended to decrease. The confidence level of farmers in the PS program was only around 28.9%, and the level of understanding was 26.7%. The results also showed a low percentage value of farmer participation, external support, the availability of facilities, and gender perspective. Consequently, the government needs to monitor institutions and community groups running PS programs to see institutional developments in each location. Institutional development is essential as an entrance for people to manage forests independently. Keywords: Forest Village Community Institution, institutional conditions, institutional effectiveness, social forestry
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Mwadzingeni, Liboster, Raymond Mugandani, and Paramu L. Mafongoya. "Socio-demographic, institutional and governance factors influencing adaptive capacity of smallholder irrigators in Zimbabwe." PLOS ONE 17, no. 8 (2022): e0273648. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273648.
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The provision of resilience and adaptation to climate change to smallholder irrigation communities is a critical component in implementing common pool resource management. Institutions in many smallholder irrigation schemes in developing countries are diverse and have potential to contribute to building climate resilience and improving livelihoods of smallholder irrigator. Human behaviour, institutional capacity and culture play important roles in shaping adaptive capacity of communities to climate change. Although much is known about how these contribute to this adaptive capacity, research focusing on their interaction is limited. In order to close this the gap, this study seeks to explore how socio-demographic, governance and institutional factors influence adaptive capacity in Exchange, Insukamini and Ruchanyu irrigation schemes. Questionnaire-based interviews, group discussions and key informant interviews were used for data collection. Adaptive capacity calculated using the livelihood vulnerability model was used as the dependent variable for this study. Ordinary least square regression was used to assess socio-demographic, institutional and governance factors influencing adaptive capacity in the smallholder irrigation scheme. The study reveals that adaptive capacity is influenced by age, gender, education, land tenure security, irrigation committee satisfaction, cooperatives, and interaction of factors. The link between age and gender were negatively moderated by awareness of irrigation policies, access to credit and land tenure security. Assessing factors influencing adaptive capacity help to improve the livelihoods of scheme farmers in the face of climate change.
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Eram, Uzma. "Review article on utilization and perception of health services under Janani Suraksha Yojna among mothers." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 4 (2017): 891. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20171303.
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Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) is the name in Hindi language that literally means “maternal protection scheme. Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) is a safe motherhood intervention under the National Health Mission (NHM). Earlier it was known as National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) it is being implemented with the objective of reducing maternal and neonatal mortality by promoting institutional delivery among poor pregnant women. The scheme is under implementation in all states and union territories, with a special focus on low performing states. The scheme seeks to reduce maternal and neo-natal mortality by promoting institutional delivery, that is, by providing a cash incentive to mothers who deliver their babies in a health facility. There is also provision for incentives to Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHA) for encouraging mothers to go for institutional delivery. The scheme is fully sponsored by the Central Government and is implemented in all states and Union Territories, with special focus on low performing states like Uttar Pradesh.
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Asher, A. "Effective and Ethical Institutional Investment." British Actuarial Journal 4, no. 5 (1998): 969–1027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135732170000026x.
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ABSTRACTThose with responsibility for the assets of institutional investors have a fiduciary duty to attempt to earn the best possible risk adjusted returns and to comply with ethical standards. A satisfactory resolution of these, and other, conflicting demands requires a coherent intellectual framework. Such a framework can be based on a traditional scheme that analyses the various components of profit in terms of the requirements of justice. The framework provides a basis for discussing the major challenges facing the institutional investors. These relate to their role in rational asset selection, effective corporate governance, job creation and the minimisation of environmental impact.
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Dwirahman, Randika, Yusuf Latief, and Ayomi Dita Rarasati. "Development of institutional funding model of deep discount bond and land lease on a toll road project." MATEC Web of Conferences 159 (2018): 01016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815901016.
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Toll road is one of the most important parts of connectivity infrastructure. However, the current length of the existing toll roads is still not sufficient compared to the increasing number of vehicles in Indonesia. Nevertheless, the needs for infrastructure funding including for toll roads are not comparable to the availability of state budget. Innovations in funding schemes were required to meet such needs such as Deep Discount Bond (DDB) and Land Lease (LL). To ensure these schemes are running appropriately, an institutional funding model is needed to organize the stakeholders involved. Therefore, five institutional funding models were developed based on the conditions of the DDB issuer (project or corporate finance), LL executor [State Assets Management Institutions (LMAN) or Special Purpose Company (SPC)], and the number of SPC in the models. In addition, ten institutional success factors were identified. Data was collected using in-depth interviews consisting of three parts and analyzed using the Relative Importance Index to rank the institutional success factors found and using the Multi Criteria Analysis to choose the most effective institutional funding model. The institutional success factors that were found to have great values were those related to Government. At the same time, the most effective funding model is a corporate finance scheme, where LL is executed by LMAN, and a single SPC is used.
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Jazepčikas, Darius. "INTEGRATED SCHEME OF REGIONAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT DRIVERS." Ekonomika 92, no. 1 (2013): 26–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/ekon.2013.0.1136.
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Abstract. The complexity of sustainable development and the diversity of regions generate lots of challenges for the implementation of sustainable development at the regional level. In the process of implementation of the global sustainable development objectives, regions are taking different development paths because they are impacted by a unique internal interaction of the drivers. The problem is how the initial conditions of a region define the drivers and their interactions in the process of sustainable development policy implementation.The purpose of the study was to define a tool for the analysis of the interaction of drivers in the process of regional development moving towards sustainable development.The study methods were scientific literature analysis, conceptual, methodological, and visual modeling, and synthesis of the ideas.The paper concludes that an integrated scheme of drivers was used as an analytical method to explain how the difference in a region’s development level defines the path towards sustainable development. Synergy between the dimensions of a well-developed eco-centered region would be achieved by reforms in the economic and institutional dimensions. The scheme of a well-developed techno-centered region reveals a productive amalgamation among the institutional power, welfare level, and market mechanism. The scheme of a less-developedtechno-centered region reveals that reform actions are needed in all dimensions of sustainable development synchronically. Also, some extraordinary events or shocks have to happen to spur the reforms. The holistic view of the drivers suggests that a less-developed eco-centered region has to go the evolution path of social and environmental development, but with rapid reforms in both the institutional system and market relations.Key words: sustainable development, region, institutions, development dynamics
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Wiens, David. "COSMOPOLITANISM AND COMPETITION: PROBING THE LIMITS OF EGALITARIAN JUSTICE." Economics and Philosophy 33, no. 1 (2016): 91–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266267116000092.
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Abstract:This paper develops a novelcompetition criterionfor evaluating institutional schemes. Roughly, this criterion says that one institutional scheme is normatively superior to another to the extent that the former engenders more widespread political competition than the latter. I show that this criterion should be endorsed by both global egalitarians and their statist rivals, as it follows from their common commitment to the moral equality of all persons. I illustrate the normative import of the competition criterion by exploring its potential implications for the scope of egalitarian principles of distributive justice. In particular, I highlight the challenges it raises for global egalitarians’ efforts to justify extending the scope of egalitarian justice beyond the state.
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Cowen, Rachel, Sarah Williams, Maria Marsh, et al. "Working Towards an Inclusive Research Culture Through EDI Education, Engagement and Empowerment of the Research Community." Exchanges: The Interdisciplinary Research Journal 11, no. 3 (2024): 383–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31273/eirj.v11i3.1577.
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This paper provides critical reflection on work and progress to embed EDI in our research and innovation workforce, practice and culture at the University of Manchester. Our university aim is to take an intersectional and holistic approach to educate, engage, empower and support our staff and student community at all levels to prioritise EDI. To embed EDI in research and promote collective responsibility to help shape a fairer, inclusive research culture the University launched the ‘Inclusive Research Transformation Programme’. This programme included developing inclusive research mindsets and building inclusive leadership capacity (from UG to senior research leader); a University EDI award scheme which catalysed innovative local and national researcher led EDI initiatives; and targeted funding schemes to help address gender, ethnicity, and disability inequities within our research career pipeline. Three schemes were developed, an UG EDI summer placement scheme, an early career research staff EDI fellowship underpinned by inclusive advocacy and an established academic returners scheme. Funding AcknowledgementThis work was funded by University of Manchester and Wellcome Institutional Strategic Support Fund (204796/Z/16/Z ISSF - Wellcome ISSF 3 – EDI).
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Hossain, Ishrat, Aliyu Dahiru Muhammad, Binta Tijjani Jibril, and Simeon Kaitibie. "Support for smallholder farmers through Islamic instruments." International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management 12, no. 2 (2019): 154–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imefm-11-2018-0371.
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Purpose In societies with strong presence of Islam, Islamic instruments with more scope for fairness and equity can be innovatively harnessed to play an increasing role in the development process and poverty alleviation schemes. Poor smallholder farmers dominate agricultural production in many developing countries and contribute a significant portion of global food production. This paper aims to develop a scheme to improve poor smallholder farmers’ vulnerable financial situation through the application of Zakah and Salam contract, using Bangladesh as a case study. Secondary goals are to show the effect of the scheme on food security and relevance to Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach The authors explore the existing traditional modes of financing available to poor smallholders, identify their challenges and propose an appropriate Islamic financing scheme. Findings With the Zakah-based Salam forward contract, the proposed scheme would procure food through Institutional Demand to offer interest free financing, fair price and access to new marketing channels and reduce income uncertainty for the rural smallholders. The discussions indicate that the local food security will be enhanced through incentivized farming activities and disbursement of food from the food bank to the Zakah-eligible food insecure local people. Research limitations/implications This proposal brings forth a potentially powerful idea that needs further empirical validation. Originality/value The religion-based Institutional Demand initiative to promote smallholder agricultural development and social protection is a novel one. The attempt to apply the framework to Nigeria context shows the potential of the framework to generalize for other Muslim developing countries with similar characteristics, especially the poorer agriculture-based countries.
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Hiedanpää, Juha, and Suvi Borgström. "Why do some institutional arrangements succeed? Voluntary protection of forest biodiversity in Southwestern Finland and of the Golden Eagle in Finnish Lapland." Nature Conservation 7 (July 23, 2014): 29–50. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.7.6497.
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Despite global, regional, and national policy efforts, biodiversity is on the decline worldwide. The purpose of this paper is to explore the critically important institutional and social features of those economic instruments that in practice motivate beneficiaries and stakeholders to protect biodiversity. The paper presents two case studies: the natural values trading (NVT) scheme in southwestern Finland and the protection of the golden eagle (<em>Aquila chrysaetos</em>) in Finnish Lapland. NVT builds upon the voluntary actions of landowners, payments for ecosystem services, and a fixed-term period of protection (ten years). The protection of the golden eagle is based on tolerance payments. This paper combines legal studies and institutional economics to abduct the reasons underlying the success of both cases. In both cases, institutional entrepreneurship promoted the confidence of stakeholders and beneficiaries in the schemes and the consequent trust amongst the agents encouraged the actors to modify their behaviour.
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Sorsa, Ville-Pekka, and Natascha van der Zwan. "Sustaining the unsustainable? The political sustainability of pensions in Finland and the Netherlands." Journal of European Social Policy 32, no. 1 (2021): 91–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09589287211035691.
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What makes a pension scheme sustainable? Most answers to this question have revolved around expert assessments of pension schemes’ affordability or adequacy. This study shifts focus from the financial or social sustainability of pension scheme designs to their political sustainability. Political sustainability refers to policymakers’ ability and willingness to sustain pension schemes in the face of perceived challenges. We seek to fill a key research gap concerning the political sustainability of pensions by highlighting the processes of parametric adjustment through which pension schemes are sustained. We show how capital, labour and state actors have been able to actively sustain collective defined benefit (DB) pension schemes in two coordinated market economies, Finland and the Netherlands. The two countries have managed to sustain their DB pensions for relatively long periods of time despite facing the same sustainability challenges that have motivated paradigmatic shifts in other pension systems. We find that sustaining has been successful thanks to a governance culture in which policymakers have been willing to keep all pension scheme parameters open for negotiation and an institutional context that made policymakers able to turn parametric pension reforms into power resources for further reforms. Our findings also explain recent changes in the Netherlands, which moved the Dutch system towards collective defined contribution pensions.
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Delgado-Álvarez, Noemí, Roberto Tolozano-Benites, and Abel Flores Laaz. "LA FILOSOFIA DE GESTIÓN INSTITUCIONAL: UN ENFOQUE CENTRADO EN EL ESTUDIANTE." Identidad Bolivariana 1, no. 1 (2017): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.37611/ib1ol111-21.
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Providing education with a vision of quality is the challenge faced by Higher Education Institutions (IES) at the present time, on the one hand the structured models of evaluation and accreditation and on the other the students as direct clients, who impose new and marked demands. , forcing those who lead to seek solutions that break traditional paradigms. Adopting modern management philosophies that have been successful in the business field has been a trend in recent years, one of them is to put the customer at the center of attention. To respond to these demands at the Bolivarian Technological Higher Institute of Technology, an investigation is currently being carried out, which is presented in this paper, which aims to show the first results of the application of an institutional management scheme where the student is placed. at the highest level of attention in each process that integrates the model that is applied. The work is developed from a procedure that starts from determining the main dissatisfactions of the students and deepens in the determination of the root causes that provoke them, in order to focus on the continuous improvement of the process involved, guaranteeing satisfaction. and compliance with the institutional strategic objectives. The result that is exposed is partial, since it constitutes a first approach to the application of the approach within the institutional scheme.
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Laxmi, Dutt Bhatta, K. Rai Rajesh, Bhatta Balram, and Raj Devkota Naba. "Integrating Incentive for Ecosystem Service in Municipal Development Planning: Case from Mid Hills, Nepal." Cognizance Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies (CJMS) 3, no. 7 (2023): 15–26. https://doi.org/10.47760/cognizance.2023.v03i07.002.
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<strong>This paper examines the possibility of integrating incentive for ecosystem services (IES) Scheme in municipal development planning. Nepal’s Local Government Operation Act empower municipal authorities to develop local level innovations and by laws, whereas Forest Act provides sufficient space towards IES schemes. The study is carried out in two municipalities, Dhankuta in the east, and Dasarath Chand in the far west, representing mid hills of Nepal. The study follows household questionnaire to understand stakeholders’ priority and IES possible institutional structure, focus group discussions, and Key Informant Interviews. The result revealed that IES schemes are feasible through multi-stakeholders’ engagement at the municipal level. There is a need for municipal facilitation to ensure upstream and downstream interlinkages, and ensuring incentives to upstream communities. In order to establish long term IES schemes, the institutional mechanism needs to be established within the municipal structure and IES conceptual program needs be endorsed by the municipal authorities Unlike cash payment, the study also suggest to a project-based incentive mechanism which not only ensure good governance, but also reduces the chances of corruption.</strong>
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Kolapo, Adetomiwa, Olayinka.O Oladejo, Opeyemi.A. Muhammed, and Adeyera.J Kolapo. "Institutional Factors and Crop Farmer's Participation in Agricultural Insurance Scheme: Evidence from South Western Nigeria." International Journal of Environmental & Agriculture Research 6, no. 5 (2020): 13–21. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3868575.
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<strong><em>Abstract</em></strong><strong>—</strong><em>The paper investigated the effect of institutional factors on crop farmer’s participation in agricultural insurance schemes in South Western, Nigeria. Specifically, the study described the socio-economic characteristics of crop farmers in the study area, examined the level of awareness of the crop farmers, analyzed the factors influencing the participation of crop farmers and intensity of use of the agricultural insurance policy and compare the income between the participating and non-participating crop farmers in the study area. Multistage sampling techniques were used to select 240 respondents in the study area. Primary data were used for the study, which was sourced from a</em><em> cross-sectional survey of crop farmers in the study area with the aid of a well-structured questionnaire.</em><em> The data were analyzed using descriptive, Cragg’s (double-hurdle) model, and t-test. The result of the descriptive analysis showed that the mean age of participant and non-participant was 49.47 (±16.36) and 48.19(±15.41) respectively, where the mean years of formal education for participants and non-participant were 10.23(±5.46) and 10.54(±5.72) respectively. </em><em>The result of Cragg’s model in the first hurdle (Probit model) showed that </em><em>variables such as education, access to credit, farm size, membership of association, and awareness significantly influence the decision of crop farmers to participate in agricultural insurance scheme. In the second hurdle (truncated regression), access to credit, income, risk assessment, and contact with extension was significant to intensity of participation in agricultural insurance scheme in the study area. The result of the t-test showed that there is a significant difference in the income of participants and those that do not participate in agricultural insurances scheme in the study area. </em><em>Even though a considerable proportion of respondents sampled were aware of agricultural insurance, there is still a need to increase awareness among the farmers so that more farmers can participate in the scheme in other to stabilize their income.</em>
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Peschcke-Køedt, Nils Andreas Holm. "A Scheme for Financial Assistance." Culture and History: Student Research Papers 7, no. 1 (2023): 34–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/chku.v7i1.138102.
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This article studies how the League of Nations sought to create an international security framework of financial assistance from 1925 to 1930. By analyzing the internal files of the League of Nation’s archives, it provides an inside-out institutional analysis of the League’s Economic and Financial Organization and shows how key League and non-League actors with idealistic notions of the Convention’s ‘swiftness’ and ‘sureness’ bridged concerns of legal legitimacy. While earlier writing on the League has focused on the failure of its peacekeeping ambition, this article shows how it was pursued and argues that the Convention was conceived in a nexus of optimistic, liberal, and technocratic ideas of the global market’s deterrence potential.
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Vysochanska, M., and K. Dorozhkina. "Institutional environment for organic production." Balanced nature using, no. 1 (July 30, 2021): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33730/2310-4678.1.2021.231868.
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The article considers the definition of an institution proposed by various scientists as a basic concept in institutionalism, offers its own definition of this category, explains the content of the term institutional environment, builds a scheme of the institutional environment of organic production, which is divided into formal and informal frameworks. Formal ones include the Constitution, laws, procedures, orders and resolutions; the Labor Code; The Land Code; administrative responsibility; state support; tax obligations; requirements for the production of organic products; state control (supervision); certification; labeling of organic products. Informal ones include customs, traditions, culture; education and science; public opinion; moral values and ethical principles; Corporate Social Responsibility; Environmental Responsibility. Attention is focused on the interpretation of each element, as well as the influence of the institutional environment on the development of each economic entity is proved.
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Egbuna, Eunice, Moses Oduh, Augustine Ujunwa, and Chinwe Okoyeuzu. "Does deposit insurance promote moral hazards and adverse selection? Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa." International Journal of Managerial Finance 14, no. 2 (2018): 150–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmf-10-2016-0196.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the likelihood that the presence of the deposit insurance policy encourages risk appetite behavior of banks in Sub-Saharan African (SSA). It argues that financial system stability is not a function of the choice of a deposit insurance scheme, but countries' peculiarities such as quality of institutions and the macroeconomic environment. Design/methodology/approach The study used the stereotype logit regression model and covers 47 SSA countries. Countries are categorized into two: explicit and implicit DIP scheme. Findings The study found that corrupt countries are more likely to adopt the implicit policy, while the explicit policy exposes them to credit risk, insolvency, and negative macroeconomic shocks, a reflection of weak institutions and unhealthy competition. Research limitations/implications Paucity of substantial local literature on institutional perspective of deposit insurance (DI) constitutes the major limitation of this study. Practical implications The sub-region, therefore, faces a conundrum - desiring a deposit insurance scheme, but lacking the required institutions to maintain either a publicly owned regulatory system or the ability to transplant the private club model. Originality/value This study contributes to the institutional perspective of DI from SSA institutional perspective.
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Pyastolov, S. "Prospects of the Theory of Prospects." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 12 (December 20, 2007): 43–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2007-12-43-59.
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The article offers a version of further development of the prospects theory fundamentals in the aspect of institutional forms creation and development model. D. Kahneman and A. Tverski’s "dimensionality of decisions and judgements" is taken as the starting point of institutional dimension formation. The ontological vector is added to the cognitive one in order to form the space. The mental and physical dichotomy is considered within the Helical Institutional Development Scheme framework.
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Jiba, P., A. Obi, L. Mdoda, and C. Mzuyanda. "The Impact of Smallholder Irrigation Scheme on Household Welfare in Farm-Managed Irrigation Scheme Communities in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa." South African Journal of Agricultural Extension (SAJAE) 52, no. 1 (2024): 48–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3221/2024/v52n1a13953.
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The smallholder irrigation scheme development is seen as an important strategy to transform resource-poor communities by enhancing food security and alleviating rural poverty, which has led the South African government to prioritise and invest significantly in irrigation establishment, rehabilitation, and revitalisation. However, little information is available on the effectiveness and impact of smallholder irrigation schemes in improving rural livelihoods. Therefore, the study aims to investigate the impact of smallholder irrigation schemes on household welfare, specifically on household income in farmer-managed irrigation scheme communities in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Primary data in the form of structured questionnaires was used to collect data from 160 farmers using multi-stage sampling. Descriptive statistics and propensity score matching were used for analysis. The study results reveal that smallholder irrigation schemes can significantly transform smallholder farmers' lives by increasing productivity and providing reliable income from farming. The study found a positive impact and relationship between smallholder irrigation schemes and household welfare in the study. Farm characteristics and socioeconomic and institutional factors influence smallholder participation in smallholder irrigation farming. Based on the results, the study recommends that the government continue investing in irrigation schemes to increase the rural economy, improve rural livelihoods, and attract young people to farming. Department of Rural Development and Agrarian Reform must encourage farmer participation in irrigation schemes and build their capacity through training using agricultural extension agents and subsidising farmers with agronomic practices to improve participation in smallholder irrigation schemes.
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Varottil, Umakanth. "The Scheme of Arrangement as a Debt Restructuring Tool in India: Problems And Prospects." European Company and Financial Law Review 15, no. 3 (2018): 585–615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ecfr-2018-0019.
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The goal of this article is to analyse the scheme of arrangement as a debt restructuring tool in India and the extent to which it has been utilised. It finds that the scheme has been used sparingly for debt restructuring in India, and primarily in large and complex transactions. This is contrary to jurisdictions such as the United Kingdom and Singapore that have witnessed a rise in the use of this mechanism. This trend clearly indicates that the presence of an efficient restructuring mechanism in the legal rules is by itself inadequate to ensure its full utilisation. Apart from law on the statute books, necessary regard must be had to other legal and institutional considerations as well as a complex web of other factors, including historical and business considerations, which ultimately determine the success (or failure) of a mechanism such as the scheme of arrangement in each jurisdiction. In India, the scheme has been overshadowed by other mechanisms (both informal and formal), and that wide-ranging reforms to the law relating to corporate resolution have paid short shrift to the scheme. The article concludes with some recommendations to rejuvenate the use of schemes in India to exploit its full potential as an effective tool for debt restructuring.
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Bhatta, Laxmi Dutt, Rajesh K. Rai, Balram Bhatta, and Naba Raj Devkota. "Integrating Incentive for Ecosystem Service in Municipal Development Planning: Case from Mid Hills, Nepal." Cognizance Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 3, no. 7 (2023): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.47760/cognizance.2023.v03i07.002.
Full textAbstract:
This paper examines the possibility of integrating incentive for ecosystem services (IES) Scheme in municipal development planning. Nepal’s Local Government Operation Act empower municipal authorities to develop local level innovations and by laws, whereas Forest Act provides sufficient space towards IES schemes. The study is carried out in two municipalities, Dhankuta in the east, and Dasarath Chand in the far west, representing mid hills of Nepal. The study follows household questionnaire to understand stakeholders’ priority and IES possible institutional structure, focus group discussions, and Key Informant Interviews. The result revealed that IES schemes are feasible through multi-stakeholders’ engagement at the municipal level. There is a need for municipal facilitation to ensure upstream and downstream interlinkages, and ensuring incentives to upstream communities. In order to establish long term IES schemes, the institutional mechanism needs to be established within the municipal structure and IES conceptual program needs be endorsed by the municipal authorities Unlike cash payment, the study also suggest to a project-based incentive mechanism which not only ensure good governance, but also reduces the chances of corruption.
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Messina, J. P. "Desert in liberal justice: beyond institutional guarantees." Canadian Journal of Philosophy 46, no. 2 (2016): 248–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.2016.1160272.
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AbstractI argue that a theory of distributive justice is sensitive to desert if and only if it (1) does not require an institutional scheme that prevents individuals from treating one another as they deserve, and (2) requires a desert ethos. A desert ethos is a set of principles that, though not embodied in a society’s basic coercive structure, nevertheless governs interpersonal relations between citizens. These two necessary conditions are jointly sufficient for ‘giving desert its due’ in a theory of justice. I therefore reject the received view that a desert-sensitive theory must endeavor to guarantee distributions patterned according to desert.
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Ahmed, Shamseddin, Khalid Turk, and Hassan Dinar. "The Performance of Irrigation Schemes in Sudan Affected by Climate Variability and the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam." Agronomy 15, no. 1 (2025): 110. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15010110.
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Irrigation schemes represent the backbone of Sudan’s food security and economy. The Gezira, Rahad, and El-Gunied irrigation schemes depend mainly on the Blue Nile as their primary water source. However, the construction of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) in the Blue Nile at the Sudan border has changed water flow regulations along the Blue Nile. Therefore, the Sudanese irrigation schemes that depend on the Blue Nile are affected by the operation and management of the GERD. This study used datasets derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), specifically the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) and crop water use efficiency (CWUE), alongside climate time-series data obtained from the Climate Research Unit, to evaluate the performance of irrigation schemes in Sudan affected by climate variability and the construction and filling of the GERD. The analysis was carried out using R version 4.4.1 and spreadsheets. A dummy variable approach was employed to examine the effects of the GERD on the EVI, given the limited timeframe of the study, whilst Grey Relational Analysis was applied to investigate the influence of selected climate variables on the EVI. The results revealed that in the Gezira scheme, the impact of the GERD on the EVI was minimal, with rainfall and temperature identified as the predominant factors. In contrast, the construction of the GERD had significant negative repercussions on the EVI in the Rahad scheme, while it positively affected the El-Gunied scheme. The advantageous effects observed in the El-Gunied scheme were linked to the mitigation measures employed by the heightening of the Roseires Dam in Sudan since 2013. The Rahad and El-Gunied schemes exhibited heightened sensitivity to GERD-induced changes, primarily due to their reliance on irrigation water sourced from pumping stations dependent on Blue Nile water levels. Additionally, this study forecasts a decrease in cropping intensity attributed to the GERD, estimating reductions of 3.9% in Rahad, 1.5% in Gezira, and 0.8% in El-Gunied. Ultimately, this study highlights the detrimental impact of the GERD on Blue Nile water levels as a significant adverse factor associated with its construction and filling, which has led to a marked decline in CWUE across the irrigation schemes. The research underscores the intricate inter-relationship among environmental, political, institutional, and infrastructural elements that shapes irrigation efficiency and water management practices. This study concludes that enhancing irrigation efficiency and assessing the performance of irrigation schemes require significant consideration of institutional, economic, and political factors, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa.
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Elshaikh, Ahmed, Shi-hong Yang, Xiyun Jiao, and Mohammed Elbashier. "Impacts of Legal and Institutional Changes on Irrigation Management Performance: A Case of the Gezira Irrigation Scheme, Sudan." Water 10, no. 11 (2018): 1579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10111579.
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This study aims to offer a comprehensive assessment of the impacts of policies and institutional arrangements on irrigation management performance. The case study, the Gezira Scheme, has witnessed a significant decrease in water management performance during recent decades. This situation led to several institutional changes in order to put the system on the right path. The main organizations involved in water management at the scheme are the Ministry of Irrigation & Water Resources (MOIWR), the Sudan Gezira Board (SGB), and the Water Users Associations (WUAs). Different combinations from these organizations were founded to manage the irrigation system. The evaluation of these organizations is based on the data of water supply and cultivated areas from 1970 to 2015. The measured data were compared with two methods: the empirical water order method (Indent) that considers the design criteria of the scheme, and the Crop Water Requirement (CWR) method. Results show that the MOIWR period was the most efficient era, with an average water surplus of 12% compared with the Indent value, while the most critical period (SGB & WUAs) occurred when the water supply increased by 80%. The other periods of the Irrigation Water Corporation (IWC), (SGB & MOIWR), and (WUAs & MOIWR) had witnessed an increase in water supply by 29%, 63%, and 67% respectively. Through these institutional changes, the percentage of excessive water supply jumped from 12% to 80%. Finally, the study provides general recommendations associated with institutional arrangements and policy adoption to improve irrigation system performance.
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Majewska-Jurczyk, Barbara. "European Banking Union – an institutional analysis." Central European Review of Economics and Management 5, no. 1 (2020): 59–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.29015/cerem.896.
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Aim: The Banking Union is an important step towards a genuine Economic and Monetary Union. The strengthening of the European banking system has become a topic of debate since the 2008 crisis when it became clear that stability and security of the system security may require increased supervision over operations conducted. The Banking Union was created to avoid the situation that taxpayers are first in line to pay for bailing out ailing banks. The Banking Union consists of three pillars: 1) the Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM), which centralizes supervision of European banks around the European Central Bank, 2) the Single Resolution Mechanism (SRM), which the main purpose is to ensure the efficient resolution for recapitalization failing banks, and 3) the European Deposit Insurance Scheme (EDIS), which is still unfinished. The creation of the Banking Union is accompanied by a remarkable transfer of sovereignty to the European level. This article aims to provide an overview of the changes unfolding across the Banking Union from a law and economics perspective and to explain the role of the European Central Bank in supervision over the banking system, which is different from the policy of controlling prices through determining the level of interest rates and keeping inflation under control.
 
 Design/Research methods: The analysis of the functioning Banking Union is based on the review of literature and analysis of reports and legal acts.
 
 Findings: The Banking Union supports financial integration in the EU by implementing a common set of rules and a common supervisory and resolution mechanism. The creation of the Deposit Insurance Scheme is likely to contribute to the protection of banks and consumers in case of a potential future crisis. The author argues that the European Central Bank as a supervisor of the financial market should create a second supervisory body, which would significantly strengthen the system and allow the ECB more efficiently fulfill its task as chief supervisor.
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Mohammedshum, Amina Abdelkadir, Chris M. Mannaerts, Ben H. P. Maathuis, and Daniel Teka. "Integrating Socioeconomic Biophysical and Institutional Factors for Evaluating Small-Scale Irrigation Schemes in Northern Ethiopia." Sustainability 15, no. 2 (2023): 1704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15021704.
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This paper characterizes and compares three types of small-scale irrigation scheme practices in Northern Ethiopia. A multidisciplinary survey approach, collecting information on socioeconomic, biophysical, and institutional aspects of irrigation by the smallholder farmers, was used to investigate and compare aspects of land, water use, and crop productivity, including farmer income and livelihood sustainability. The study was conducted in the Zamra catchment, a sub-basin of the large Tekeze river basin and Nile basin tributary. Three common small-scale irrigation scheme types, i.e., traditional diversion, modern diversion, and dam (reservoir) based irrigation, were compared using four pilot survey areas. From the total of 618 farmer households in the study areas, 242 farmers were selected using stratified random sampling and participated in the survey and research. More than 100 input data were collected from the farmers related to the biophysical, socioeconomic, and institutional factors affecting their work practice and livelihood. Focus group discussions were conducted with elders, the water users association committee, and women-headed households. Descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis were used for quantitative analysis. The result indicates a significant difference between the three irrigation schemes. One important conclusion of this study was that the explanatory value of a single factor (e.g., biophysical), as commonly done in irrigation research and assessment, was seldom sufficient to explain water use, crop yield, and farmer income. Institutional and/or socioeconomic drivers also played an important role in the entire farming practice, income generation, and livelihood of the farmers. This study highlighted the value-added of the multidisciplinary approach (socioeconomic, biophysical, and institutional) for the evaluation of small-scale irrigation practices and livelihood analysis of agricultural smallholders in climate-affected regions, such as the Northern Ethiopian highlands.
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Zougris, Konstantinos. "Communities of Scholars: A Conceptual Scheme of Knowledge Production." Societies 8, no. 4 (2018): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc8040118.
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This conceptual paper provides a meta-theoretical synthesis describing knowledge production processes in the sociological discipline. The first part of this paper gives an overview of recent studies exploring the sociological knowledge space with an emphasis on the epistemological tension, and the structural divides induced by social conditions that contribute to the process of knowledge production. A meta-theoretical synthesis -constituted by the institutional theory framework, combined with the field theory and the theory of communities of practice- aims to identify the structural arrangements, the cultural domains and the interactive processes that establish intellectual consensus, from which, validated forms of scientific knowledge are generated. I detect an intrinsic mechanism of different camps of communities of scholars accumulating intellectual capital through a process of participation, negotiation, and reification, which is based on a knowledge circuit among academic fields and the intellectual habitus that form a holistic institution of knowledge generation practices. Finally, I suggest that further research in the direction of detecting the institutional arrangements of knowledge exchange, with an emphasis on the epistemological preferences across countries, should be carried out.
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Gelal, Arpan, and Ukesh Raj Bhuju. "Identification of Key Components of Payment For Ecosystem Services (Pes) Mechanism In Begnas Lake Watershed of Pokhara-Lekhnath Metropolitan City, Nepal." American Journal of Agricultural Science, Engineering and Technology 5, no. 2 (2021): 121–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.54536/ajaset.v5i2.80.
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Payment for Ecosystem Service (PES) scheme for certain ecosystem services is being used as a mechanism to provide incentive to suppliers of the services by the beneficiaries. In Nepal, PES like schemes is in practice since a long time, though the discussions on formal PES schemes have recently been started. This study has been carried out at Begnas Lake Watershed (BWS), a Ramsar site, at Pokhara-Lekhnath Metropolitan of Nepal. It aims to understand the perception of local residents towards the implementation of PES scheme in BWS. Furthermore, it also identifies key actors for PES implementation at BWS, their role in PES design and implementation as well as potential payment mechanism for the ecosystem services within the PES scheme at BWS. Finally, institutional structure for PES design and implementation is also presented. The study finds positive perception of local people towards initiating payment mechanism for the use of ecosystem services to ensure environmental conservation and sustainable management of the resources. Both upstream and downstream population favors mix of public/private PES scheme while upstream population favors cash-payment type scheme and downstream population favors the capacity building of upstream communities in conservation efforts. It is also noted that upstream people favor input-based mode of payment and downstream people are inclined towards output-based payments. The study found some ‘PES-like’ practices operational in the watershed. The study recommends the formation of ‘Begnas Watershed PES Advisory and Coordination Committee’ with due participation of identified stakeholders to initiate and institutionalize formal PES mechanism at BWS.
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Arpan, Gelal, and Raj Bhuju Ukesh. "IDENTIFICATION OF KEY COMPONENTS OF PAYMENT FOR ECOSYSTEM SERVICES (PES) MECHANISM IN BEGNAS LAKE WATERSHED OF POKHARA-LEKHNATH METROPOLITAN CITY, NEPAL." American Journal of Agricultural Science, Engineering and Technology 05, no. 02 (2021): 121–38. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5498319.
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<strong>ABSTRACT</strong> Payment for Ecosystem Service (PES) scheme for certain ecosystem services is being used as a mechanism to provide incentive to suppliers of the services by the beneficiaries. In Nepal, PES like schemes is in practice since a long time, though the discussions on formal PES schemes have recently been started. This study has been carried out at Begnas Lake Watershed (BWS), a Ramsar site, at Pokhara-Lekhnath Metropolitan of Nepal. It aims to understand the perception of local residents towards the implementation of PES scheme in BWS. Furthermore, it also identifies key actors for PES implementation at BWS, their role in PES design and implementation as well as potential payment mechanism for the ecosystem services within the PES scheme at BWS. Finally, institutional structure for PES design and implementation is also presented. The study finds positive perception of local people towards initiating payment mechanism for the use of ecosystem services to ensure environmental conservation and sustainable management of the resources. Both upstream and downstream population favors mix of public/private PES scheme while upstream population favors cash-payment type scheme and downstream population favors the capacity building of upstream communities in conservation efforts. It is also noted that upstream people favor input-based mode of payment and downstream people are inclined towards output-based payments. The study found some ‘PES-like’ practices operational in the watershed. The study recommends the formation of ‘Begnas Watershed PES Advisory and Coordination Committee’ with due participation of identified stakeholders to initiate and institutionalize formal PES mechanism at BWS.
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Darsono, Darsono, and Darwanto Darwanto. "Strengthening the MSME Through Institutional Cooperation Improvement Between MSME and Sharia Microfinance Institutions (SMFI)." Jurnal Ilmiah Al-Syir'ah 17, no. 1 (2019): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.30984/jis.v17i1.809.
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Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise (MSME) is one of the pillars of the national economy because of the magnitude of the contribution made by MSME. It is even mentioned that MSME is an integral part of the country's economy. MSME in Indonesia is able to absorb the labor up to 97.02%. The contribution of MSME to GDP (57.08%) and investment (53.24%) also has a larger value when compared to large businesses. But in general, MSME has limited access to financial institutions. By these problems, the government has provided special financing of MSME through Microfinance Institutions (MFI). But in its implementation, externally MFI has obstacles of institutional aspects that have an impact on the variety of the MFI forms. While SMFI has Islamic financing methods that give priority to moral, ethical, and fair so efficiently it can encourage the participation of MSME entrepreneurs to succeed. This study formulates schemes or strengthening models of MSME to increase institutional cooperation between MSME and SMFI. The institutional strengthening scheme offered is expected to increase the contribution of MSME to the national economy.
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LeBihan, Jill, Tom Lowe, and Jenny Marie. "Considerations of the challenges, conflicts and competitions when expanding student-staff partnerships across an institution: Perspectives from three UK Universities." Journal of Learning and Teaching in Higher Education 1, no. 2 (2018): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.29311/jlthe.v1i2.2954.
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In this paper we explore three major challenges for institutional student-staff partnership work. Firstly, we consider the example of partnership that arises from the ownership of a partnership scheme, comparing ownership by a central unit of the university, at local level by departments and shared ownership between the University and Students' Union. Secondly, we consider the importance of inclusivity in such schemes to prevent them exacerbating attainment gaps and undermining democratic processes. Thirdly, we consider the related issue of reward and recognition, considering the tensions created when working with paid ambassadors and student volunteers.
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Wiśniewski, Zenon. "CAN IT BE EFFECTIVELY COUNTERACTED DISMISSALS OF EMPLOYEES DURING THE CRISIS? EUROPEAN EXPERIENCES." Polityka Społeczna 588, no. 3 (2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.7090.
Full textAbstract:
In the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, short-time work has once again proven to be an effective instrument to stabilise employment. Despite considerable differences in the institutional design and logic of short-time work schemes, the rapid deployment and high take-up of short-time work benefits was a high priority in all European countries. The paper describes significant changes in the short-time work programme design since March 2020, the role played by short-time work scheme during the crisis and discusses possible effects against the background of former empirical findings.
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Thamrin, Muhammad Husni, Hatta Ridho, and Faiz Albar Nasution. "INSTITUTIONAL COORDINATION OF FLOOD CONTROL AT MEDAN CITY IN MEBIDANGRO COOPERATION SCHEME." Sosiohumaniora 23, no. 3 (2021): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/sosiohumaniora.v23i3.31620.
Full textAbstract:
Flood management system in Medan City is very poor, because there is no institutional coordination resulting from sectoral egos. Effective institutional coordination in urban flood management is needed. Condition is based on problem of flooding in Medan City which has not been effectively implemented, so an alternative solution for integrated urban flood management is needed. Purpose of this research is to explain implementation of flood control policies in Medan City and how coordinate flood control institutions in Medan City in Mebidangro cooperation scheme. This type of qualitative research with descriptive methods is used in this research. Primary data collection techniques with deep interviews through FGD activities with stakeholders. In addition, secondary data is collected by citing journals, books, documents, online media, and other materials support research. Data analysis techniques are carried out through data reduction activities, data display and drawing conclusions. Results showed implementation Presidential Regulation No. 62 of 2011 on flood control in Medan City has not been optimally implemented. Condition is influenced lack of understanding authority and lack of coordination between related agencies to safeguard river basins, river norms and establish primary drainage channels. In addition, coordination of Medan City flood control institution in Mebidangro cooperation scheme has been carried out in a procedural manner. However, actualization still requires visionary leadership and command to support success program.