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1
Zhang, Qiantao. "Theory, practice and policy." Industry and Higher Education 32, no. 2 (March 7, 2018): 80–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950422218761500.
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This article examines the progress of university knowledge exchange in the United Kingdom over a decade, linking theory, practice and policy. As indicated by the literature, the performance of university knowledge exchange is influenced by institutional and locational characteristics. Data on 133 UK universities between 2003–2004 and 2012–2013 are used in the empirical analysis, which confirms the important roles of institutional (established vs. new) and locational (competitive vs. uncompetitive) characteristics of universities. Nevertheless, it is found that the current policy approach in the United Kingdom fails to consider the heterogeneity of the higher education sector. This is problematic given that a substantial amount of funding has been committed to boosting university knowledge exchange over the past 20 years. In addition, the results suggest that the knowledge exchange policy should not be implemented alone; rather, it should be developed in conjunction with industrial and innovation policies.
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Estol, Judith, Mark Anthony Camilleri, and Xavier Font. "European Union tourism policy: an institutional theory critical discourse analysis." Tourism Review 73, no. 3 (August 20, 2018): 421–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tr-11-2017-0167.
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Purpose This research uses the institutional theory perspective to better understand the social dynamics of the European Union (EU) tourism policy and its directions. The purpose of this paper is to critically evaluate the processes, content and outcomes of EU tourism policy. Design/methodology/approach A thorough literature review involving a critical discourse analysis on the regulative, normative and cultural elements of institutionalisation improves our understanding of the EU policy, in terms of its processes, content and outcomes. Therefore, this paper explores how the European institutions have incrementally legitimised tourism policy among Member States. Findings Over the years, the EU’s policies were intended to enhance the European single market whilst supporting the growth of the industrial competitiveness, sustainable innovation and entrepreneurship. This has inevitably led to the development of new policies in the realms of tourism. Originality/value This contribution has identified a gap in academic research, as it reports about the evolution of EU tourism policy and on the conditions of how it has been planned, organised and implemented. It also exposes the challenges of institutionalising tourism policy in intergovernmental institutions.
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Liu, Guang Fu, Shi Bin Zhang, and Lei Zhang. "Research on Renewable Resources Industrial Synergy Policy System in China." Advanced Materials Research 933 (May 2014): 813–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.933.813.
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With the guidance of sustainable development strategy, countries around the world poured to carry out the conception of circular economy into the strategy of protecting ecological environment. As an important mode of circular economy, Renewable Resource Industry increasingly draw every parts of worlds attention. However, the Renewable Resource Industry is a typical Institutional Economy, which needs the role of government as well as the market mechanism. However, Renewable Resources Industry is in the primary stage of development, whose policy system is not thorough and guiding concept is not clear. In this background, guided by the full life cycle theory and collaborative theory, starting from the features and realistic demand of Renewable Resources Industry, the authors structure an industrial synergy policy framework for Renewable Resources Industry, which including design policy, manufacturing policy, consumption policy, recycle policy, demands policy and government policy. The research findings provide us with systematic ideas and methods to make the Renewable Resources Industry policy.
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Dalilah, Imanina Eka, Candra Fajri Ananda, and Khusnul Ashar. "Role of Institutional Economics in Minimizing Industrial Waste Water." GATR Journal of Business and Economics Review 1, no. 1 (December 11, 2016): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/jber.2016.1.1(9).
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Objective - Industrial development has a significant contribution on the welfare achievement of Mojokerto. However, these achievements have also brought about the negative impact such as environmental degradation. Nonetheless, new institutional economics have developed a theory for the purpose of solving such environmental conflicts and this is called institutional ecological economics. Since resolving environmental problems is dependent on the quality of institutional structures, this research aims to show the role of institutional economic environment in minimizing negative environmental externalities for example, water pollution, in the Mojokerto Regency. Methodology/Technique - This research is qualitative in nature. It uses interviews and observations to collect the data required. For the purpose of illustrating water quality, a table is depicted based on biological and chemical parameters used. The research site is set in Watesnegoro Village, a sub district of Ngoro, Mojokerto Regency, making this a case study. Findings - The findings extracted from this research suggest that (1) Environment governance in the Mojokerto Regency had not effectively reduced water pollution, (2) The internalization of externalities as described in the economic theory was unable to be implemented because of the high transaction cost, (3) There are rent-seeking behaviours in the waste water pollution policy where the corporation and government have a collusion to gain their own interest. Novelty - The outcome of this research indicates that negative externalities on the environment caused by the industry needs to be further studied so as to understand the relationship of industrial activities on the environment. Type of Paper: Empirical Keywords: Water Pollution, Institutional Ecological Economics, Rent-Seeking, Mojokerto Regency, Indonesia.
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Martono, S., Arief Yulianto, Rini Setyo Witiastuti, and Angga Pandu Wijaya. "The Role of Institutional Ownership and Industry Characteristics on the Propensity to Pay Dividend: An Insight from Company Open Innovation." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 6, no. 3 (September 3, 2020): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc6030074.
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The purpose of this study is to test the free cash flow agency theory hypothesis; namely, (a) whether differences in industrial sector affect a company’s propensity to pay dividends, and (b) whether institutional ownership is able to substitute for the propensity to pay dividends as a bonding mechanism. The analysis uses logistic regression to explore the existence of institutional ownership as a substitute for paying cash dividends in companies belonging to different industrial sectors. The results show that companies in the manufacturing sector have a greater propensity to pay dividends compared to those in non-manufacturing sectors. The results also indicate that low institutional ownership, as an external monitoring mechanism, can substitute for increasing the propensity to pay dividends. Overall, the results are consistent with implications in dividend policy. The results support the notion that the propensity to pay dividends accommodates different behavioral factors, considering sectoral differences. In addition, the results illustrate the relevance of alternative theories in explaining dividend policy from the perspective of agency theory. The results show that sectoral comparisons, in addition to institutional ownership factors, play important roles in the propensity of Indonesian companies to pay dividends. This study shows that each industry sector has different income characteristics, which affect the differences in propensity to pay dividends.
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Bogatyrev, I. F. "HARMONIZATION OF TRADE AND INDUSTRIAL POLICY AND STATE SUPPORT." Vestnik of Samara State University of Economics 5, no. 199 (May 2021): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.46554/1993-0453-2021-5-199-33-43.
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The purpose of the study is to consider the status of state support, to determine its main trends in Russia, including in the radio-electronic industry, in connection with the harmonization of trade and industrial policy. To achieve the purpose of the study, the main approaches to the concepts of "harmonization", "harmonization of trade and industrial policy" were studied, the place of state support in the structure of the mechanism for harmonization of trade and industrial policy was determined, the problems of state support both in general and specifically in the radio-electronic industry were formulated, the ways of solving these problems were suggested. Within the framework of the study, legislative documents related to state support of the radio-electronic industry are analyzed, its main characteristics are determined. The relevance of state support of enterprises of the military-industrial complex, whose main activity is concentrated on the production of radio electronics, is shown. Possible ways of improving the activities of enterprises of the military-industrial complex are proposed, the use of state support tools of an institutional nature is highlighted. The results of the study have novelty and originality, expand the theory and practice of the issue of harmonization, since they focus on those aspects of it that were not previously considered in detail.
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Shastitko, Andrey, Anna Meleshkina, and Olga Markova. "The market regulation triad: Antitrust, industrial policy and protectionism in the optical fiber market." Upravlenets 12, no. 1 (March 4, 2021): 47–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.29141/2218-5003-2021-12-1-4.
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Implementation of the import substitution strategy in Russia in some cases is associated with the risk of the state supporting technologically ineffective domestic producers, whose interests are taken into account in the course of industry regulation and antitrust. The article examines the problems of using the tools of antimonopoly policy (and its relationship with industrial policy) in the context of launching single-mode optical fiber by a Russian company with limited technological production competencies in the short term. While analyzing the results of optical fiber antitrust case, the authors identify the distortion of the Russian competition policy objectives and the misuse of its tools. Methodologically, the study rests on industrial organization theory, antitrust economics and new institutional economic theory (in particular, institutional design). Data from the analytical agency CRU Monitor and customs statistics are used as the information base for quantitative (economic-statistical) analysis. The article identifies the factors that determine the dynamics of the optical fiber market: demand for optical fiber cable (product of the related market); production capacities of preforms as the main raw material for optical fiber; integration of the stages of the optical fiber production process; and investments in R&D. The Elzinga-Hogarty test was performed to delimit the geographical boundaries of the single-mode fiber market. The results shows that the Federal Antimonopoly Service of Russia drew false conclusions about narrow geographical boundaries within the Russian Federation. This conclusion is important in terms of complying with the procedure for analyzing the competition in commodity markets, since incorrect delimitation of the market’s geographical boundaries can lead to erroneous estimates of market concentration and the mistaken detection of a company’s market dominance as a potential competitor of a domestic manufacturer. Lobbying the interests of national manufacturers not only contradicts the principles of competition protection, but also reduces the incentives of new market players to innovate and accumulate knowledge specific to the industry, which is one of the key factors of competitiveness in the optical communication markets
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Sredojević, Dragoslava, Slobodan Cvetanović, and Gorica Bošković. "Technological Changes in Economic Growth Theory: Neoclassical, Endogenous, and Evolutionary-Institutional Approach." Economic Themes 54, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 177–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ethemes-2016-0009.
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Abstract The aim of the research in this paper is to analyse the issue of the treatment of the category of technological changes within the main aspects of economic growth theory. The analysis of the key positions of neoclassical theory (Solow), endogenous approach (Romer), and evolutionary growth theory (Freeman) advocates has pointed to the conclusion that these approaches agree on the fact that the category of technological changes is a key generator of economic growth. Neoclassicists were the first to explicitly analyse the category of technological changes in growth theory. They exerted a strong influence on a large number of governments to allocate significant funds for scientific and research development, to stimulate the creation and diffusion of innovation. Supporters of endogenous theory also see the category of technological changes as a key driver of economic growth. Unlike neoclassicists, they emphasise the importance of externalities, in the form of technological spillover and research and development activities, for the creation and diffusion of innovation. Finally, evolutionary and institutional economists explore the category of technological changes inseparably from the economic and social environment in which they are created and diffused. Recommendations of this research can be of particular use to economic growth and development policy makers in the knowledge economy, whose basic and substantial feature is the so-called fourth industrial revolution
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Kurochkin, Alexander, and Svetlana Morozova. "Networks as Drivers of National Innovative System Development in the Conditions of Globalization." SHS Web of Conferences 92 (2021): 06019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219206019.
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Research background: The modern social, political and economic challenges of the Fourth Industrial revolution and development of the Network Society actualized the problem of maximizing of effectiveness of innovative policy analysis as one of the key factors of economic and political competitiveness of national states, regions, cities and urban agglomerations in Global World. Purpose of the article: The study focuses on the impact of networking on the effectiveness of national innovative development in the context of globalization. In this vein, the main ways of network interaction are considered and the network model of innovation policy is analyzed. Methods: Modern innovation policy is a synthesis of scientific, economic, industrial, and partly regional policy of the state, aimed at the formation and maintenance of an adequate institutional environment for the process of creating, disseminating and introducing innovations. Thus the key feature of the research methodology is the combination of the New Institutional Approach and the Network Theory. Findings & Value added: The study provides a detailed analysis of international experience in the field of open innovation and innovative development based on network interaction. Moreover, the authors present the classification of countries that are leaders in the process of building information (communicative) and network infrastructure. Particular attention is paid to issues of network interaction at the global level and the case of Russian innovation system in this context.
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Lamprou, Anna, and David J. Hess. "Finding Political Opportunities: Civil Society, Industrial Power, and the Governance of Nanotechnology in the European Union." Engaging Science, Technology, and Society 2 (May 25, 2016): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17351/ests2016.35.
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The European Union encourages and institutionalizes participation by environmental, consumer, and labor organizations in the governance of nanotechnology. Interviews with leaders of the civil society organizations (CSOs) show that they identified multiple problems with nanotechnology policy but had only limited success in gaining the changes that they sought. CSO leaders explain their lack of success as due to the overwhelming power of industry and the support of the European Commission for new industrial development, including nanotechnology. We analyze the perspectives of CSO leaders about their difficulties to develop the theory of the political opportunity structure in the situation of a highly scientized policy field with strong industrial monitoring. We suggest the need to extend the theory to pay more attention to the strategies that reformers can use to maneuver in and to open a relatively closed political opportunity structure. We argue that formal stakeholder engagement is not very effective and suggest instead the importance of the following: building coalitions with government actors, threatening or mobilizing grassroots mobilization, making the issue salient to the public, and pursuing the full range of institutional repertoires.
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Spiller, Pablo T., and Richard G. Vanden Bergh. "Toward A Positive Theory of State Supreme Court Decision Making." Business and Politics 5, no. 01 (April 2003): 7–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1469-3569.1061.
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State Supreme Courts have grown in importance during the last thirty years in the formation of public policy. Their judgements determine many aspects of constitutional law, tort reform, judicial selection, and campaign finance reform, among others. A vast body of literature has been developed that analyzes State Supreme Court decision making, which emphasizes the conditioning effects of the legal and institutional environment. This article expands on this previous work by incorporating the interaction of the judiciary with other government institutions, and applies the Positive Political Theory approach to law and legal institutions to the State Supreme Court. In addition, the neo-institutionalist literature of the selection process is incorporated to defend a systematic approach towards decision making. Towards that end, this article explores how judicial decisions are conditioned by institutional rules, resulting in a formal modeling of how the State Supreme Courts interact with political actors to form constitutional interpretation. This model includes the judicial selection process'retention or competitive reelection—and is extended to constitutional amendment rules, explaining how these two interact rather than acting independently. Finally, the hypothesis is tested that when State Supreme Court judges face retention elections and political preferences are homogeneous, the probability increases of observing constitutional amendment prosposals.
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Campbell, John L., and Ove K. Pedersen. "The Varieties of Capitalism and Hybrid Success." Comparative Political Studies 40, no. 3 (March 2007): 307–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414006286542.
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The varieties of capitalism literature maintains that advanced capitalist countries whose institutions best fit either the liberal or coordinated market economy types will perform better than countries whose institutions are mixed. This is because hybrids are less likely to yield functionally beneficial institutional complementarities. The authors challenge this assertion. Denmark has performed as well as many purer cases during the 1990s. And Denmark has recently developed a more hybrid form than is generally recognized by (a) increasing the exposure of actors to market forces and (b) decentralizing collective learning and decision making. The institutional complementarities associated with such hybridization have contributed to its success; however, these complementarities are based on institutional heterogeneity rather than homogeneity. This is demonstrated by analyses of three cases: Danish labor markets, vocational training, and industrial policy. The implication of the authors’ argument is that the varieties of capitalism theory is logically flawed.
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CHOI, YOUNG BACK. "Can an unwilling horse be made drink?" Journal of Institutional Economics 7, no. 4 (February 25, 2011): 511–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137411000233.
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Abstract:In his critique of the newer approach in economic development emphasizing institutional reforms, Ha-Joon Chang, in his article titled ‘Institutions and Economic Development: Theory, Policy and History’, equates New Institutional Economics with the program of liberal reforms for least developed countries (LDCs) and blames the former for the alleged failure of the latter. He argues with some justice that the dominant discourse in New Institutional Economics insufficiently appreciates the complexity of institutions; as a consequence, the difficulty of transplanting institutions is largely discounted. His case, however, is marred by his attempt to push down his ideological biases by marshalling inchoate, highly questionable and often contradictory ideas as facts. Going beyond a critical examination of the New Institutional Economics inspired discourse in development economics, he advocates his own version of beneficial development policies for LDCs – namely, economic democracy and industrial policies. His proposals are not only highly questionable, but they amount to adopting a double standard of exempting himself from the very criticisms he levies against New Institutional Economics – ignoring the difficulty of importing foreign institutions. Presuming to play God, like many development economists, he ignores the essential fact that an unwilling horse cannot be made to drink.
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Li, Xingwei, Jianguo Du, and Hongyu Long. "Green Development Behavior and Performance of Industrial Enterprises Based on Grounded Theory Study: Evidence from China." Sustainability 11, no. 15 (July 31, 2019): 4133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11154133.
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The issue of the green development of industrial enterprises has become the focus of attention of all parties. However, the driving factors of green development behavior and performance in industrial enterprises remains unexplored. What are the driving factors of green development behavior and performance in industrial enterprises? How does the theoretical model of green development behavior and performance in industrial enterprises work? In order to reveal the driving factors of green development behavior and performance in industrial enterprises, this paper develops a theoretical model and tests the model through the evidence of Chinese industrial enterprises. Based on the further study of in-depth interview materials from 52 employees in industrial enterprises, this paper takes industrial enterprises as the research object and constructs a theoretical model by using a grounded theory method. The results show that 40 initial concepts, 10 initial categories, four main categories and three core categories are obtained through the coding step of grounded theory. The study found the following three conclusions: (1) The green development of industrial enterprise exists in the organization in the form of specific behavioral expressions; (2) The green development of industrial enterprise caused the occurrence of green development behavior of industrial enterprises. The external factors of industrial enterprise green development consist of the environment of policy and institutional, market environment and public supervision. The internal factors of industrial enterprise green development are composed of tangible and intangible resources of enterprises; (3) The occurrence of industrial enterprise green development behavior has led to the consequence of green development of industrial enterprises. The consequence is embodied in the green development performance of industrial enterprises, including corporate financial performance, corporate environmental performance and corporate social performance. In addition, some management implications are presented based on the research findings. This research enriches the field of green development theory, business development theory and green behavior research. This study also provides a reference for exploring theoretical models of industrial enterprise green development in other countries and regions of the world.
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Koshcheev, Dmitry Aleksandrovich, and Elena Andreevna Tretiakova. "Industrial cluster’s role in region’s economy: System and agglomeration approach and interinfluence mechanism." Вестник Пермского университета. Серия «Экономика» = Perm University Herald. ECONOMY 15, no. 4 (2020): 512–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/1994-9960-2020-4-512-550.
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Over the last three decades, a cluster approach, unlike other theories and models of competitive territories’ industry development, has become quite popular in regional management practices. Many scientific publications examine the phenomenon of industrial cluster and its importance for boosting the social and economic development in the territories, although the interinfluence mechanism of the industrial cluster and regional social and economic system is still underdeveloped. As a result, managers responsible for the cluster policy at the level of a political unit are not equipped with sufficient theoretical and methodological knowledge which could enable them to accept the advantages of territories’ cluster development, as well as to see the detrimental effects of clusterization at their initial stage and to eliminate them. One of the key reasons for poor understanding of the two-directional impact of the industrial cluster and region’s social and economic environment lies in the authenticity of the theoretical approaches to cluster exploration which focus either on the social and economic (system, institutional, and network approaches) or geographical (agglomeration, classic, and administrative approaches) sides of this phenomenon. The purpose of the research is to simulate the interinfluence mechanism of the region’s social and economic environment and industrial cluster with regard to the synthesis of the social and economic and geographic aspects of clusterization based on the uniquely designed system and agglomeration approach. To systematize and to structurize the theoretical provisions of the cluster theory, the article describes an algorithm designed to implement the system criteria-based approach to analyze theories concerning the mutual impact of a region and industrial cluster. This algorithm includes three stages: 1) a preliminary stage which applies scoping study methodology to define form and content criteria to the analysis of the cluster theories and works out the selection principles and mechanisms for the scientific publications; 2) a static stage with the identification of the scientific approaches and schools in the structure of cluster theory; 3) a stage of dynamic analysis which examines the development of cluster theory over time, as well as the weak and strong points of the approach in question under the relevant trends in cluster scientific discourse. The application of the systematic criteria-based approach reveals six approaches typical for the development of cluster theory: classic, network, agglomeration, institutional, administrative, systematic. These approaches are characterized in terms of Russian and English economic discourses due to the differences in academic communities and institutional prerequisites for the development of cluster theory. The analysis shows that the approaches could be conceptually categorized into two groups. The first group of approaches includes classic, agglomeration, and administrative approaches and focuses on the territorial geographical dimension of the industrial cluster, is characterized with the detailed examination of its financial grounds and methodological tools for recording the cluster boundaries, sees the cluster as a whole unit. At the same time, the first group of the approaches does not pay sufficient attention to the social and economic ties within the industrial cluster and mechanisms of its impact on the region’s social and economic environment, which actually becomes the key point of the second group of approaches – network, system, and institutional. Closer inspection of the evolution of the scientific approaches reveals that neither of them gives any comprehensive analysis of the mutual impact of the regional social and economic environment and industrial cluster. To close the gap, the article offers a systemic and agglomeration approach which covers both social, economic, and geographic aspects of interinfluence of the systems in question. The uniquely designed approach helps the scholars develop a theoretical model of a mechanism, which reveals the true nature of the genesis of adverse and positive clusterization effects and provides a wide range of opportunities to timely management impact. What is more, when the authors define cluster as a geographical site in terms of system and agglomeration approach, they could apply a number of generalizing indicators (for example, gross cluster product) characterizing the impact of regional environment on both the organizations within the cluster and on the cluster as it is with regard to its cultural environment, infrastructure, and social economic wellbeing of the region’s population. The system and agglomeration approach described and the interinfluence mechanism of the regional social economic environment and industrial cluster can be applied by the experts in regional management, as well as by the scholars to develop and to study the basics of the regional cluster policy. Further studies are seen to lie in proposing evaluation and forecasting tools for the industrial cluster development in the industrially developed regions to choose the efficient measures of cluster policy at the regional level.
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Liu, Zhibiao. "Building a modern economic system: basic framework, key issues, and theoretical innovation." China Political Economy 2, no. 1 (July 24, 2019): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cpe-04-2019-0010.
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Purpose The construction of a modern economic system is a symbolic and strategic choice for large developing economies on the path toward high-quality economic development. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach The overall framework aims to adhere to “One Policy and One Mainline” to build an innovation-driven, synergistic industrial system and a “with three-qualities” economic system (with efficient market mechanisms, energetic micro-agents and appropriate macroeconomic regulation). Findings The strengthening of the real economy and construction of a modern industrial system constitute the material basis for supporting this system and framework. As major decision making and theoretical innovation in empirical practice, building a modern economic system can also contribute substantially toward developing the applied economic theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Originality/value Building a modern economic system in China necessitates, without exception, the construction of various subsystems encompassing industrial, market, distribution, regional development, green development, open and economic institutional aspects.
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Marandi, Vahid, Seyyed Habibollah Tabatabaeian, Parivash Jafari, and Morteza Azarnoosh. "Policy coherence as a demand for excellence in Iranian bio-production industry." Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management 11, no. 1 (October 12, 2019): 4–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jstpm-12-2018-0111.
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Purpose The Iranian bio-pharma industry was the first high-tech industry in the country, which had succeeded to develop innovative products. Despite past successes, there are bottlenecks preventing the industry from meeting the national standard and plans for excellence. The purpose of this paper is to find out the challenges impeding further innovation of the firms in the industry and find solution to the issues. Based on these findings, the authors recommend a set of policies that might be of interest to the new-comer countries in biotechnology. Design/methodology/approach The institutional structure of the industry, its market situation and the players are studied using a qualitative method based on an institutional approach and an appreciative theory. Findings Ten challenges were found after examining the pyramid of technological capabilities. Moreover; conflicting approaches in the policies made for the national health system and industrial development are identified. Adoption of policy coherence has been highlighted as a necessary strategy to harmonize and integrate the approaches required to play a role in bio-production global market actively. Practical implications A unique focal point for the country’s strategic plans should be assigned, and the supply-side policies with demand-side policies must be balanced. Originality/value This paper is an evidence-based effort to bring policy coherence as an approach in sectoral level, while political settlement lies in governance level. The opportunities for improvement are highlighted in the Iranian bio-pharmaceutical sector, as a key technology. Moreover, the findings could be used as lessons-learned for new-comers countries.
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Yang, Delei, Jun Zhu, Qingbin Cui, Qinghua He, and Xian Zheng. "The Diffusion Mechanism of Megaproject Citizenship Behavior: The Role of Institutional Isomorphism." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (July 21, 2021): 8123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158123.
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Megaproject citizenship behavior (MCB) has been confirmed to a play vital role on megaproject performance. Although current research has argued that institution elements have had an impact on MCB diffusion, limited studies have empirically investigated the distinct effectiveness of various institution elements on driving MCB’s widespread diffusion in construction megaprojects. Based on institution theory, this study proposes a theoretical model comprising institutional elements (i.e., normative and mimetic isomorphism), owner’s support, relationship-based trust, and their effect or impact on MCB’s diffusion. Based on 171 industrial questionnaires collected from managers of contractors and designers in megaprojects. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to validate the established model. The results indicated that both normative and mimetic isomorphism have positive effects on facilitating MCB diffusion, and owner’s support has shown partial mediation in promoting MCB diffusion through normative isomorphism, as well as full mediation in the promoting of MCB diffusion through mimetic isomorphism. Meanwhile, relationship-based trust exerts a positive moderating effect on the relationship between mimetic isomorphism and MCB. This study extends current literature on driving MCB diffusion from the perspective of institutional theory, contributing by providing four implications for megaprojects managers to “buy in” more extensive MCB.
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Li, Xingwei, Jianguo Du, and Hongyu Long. "Mechanism for Green Development Behavior and Performance of Industrial Enterprises (GDBP-IE) Using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 22 (November 15, 2020): 8450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228450.
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Although the theory of green development behavior and performance of industrial enterprises (GDBP-IE) reveals that the green development behavior (GDB) of industrial enterprises is affected by internal and external factors and produces performance, it lacks a clear mechanism. This paper aims to verify the theory of GDBP-IE and reveals the mechanism of GDBP-IE in the Chinese context. The partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) method was used to analyze valid samples of Chinese industrial enterprises (N = 615). The empirical conclusions are as follows. (1) Corporate tangible resources, corporate intangible resources (CIR), market environment, public supervision and policy and institutional environment (PIE) have a significant positive effect on GDB (i.e., green supply chain management practice and clean production behavior). (2) Compared with other factors, the positive effect of CIR on GDB is the strongest. (3) The level of positive effect of PIE on GDB is not as significant as other factors. (4) GDB has a significant positive effect on green development performance (i.e., corporate social performance, corporate financial performance and corporate environmental performance). This paper provides effective evidence for researchers to use other methods to further verify the theory of GDBP-IE in the Chinese context. This paper also provides an opportunity for cluster analysis of GDBP-IE in different countries or regions. In addition, this paper not only gives a targeted reference for the government to formulate guidelines concerning the green development of industrial enterprises but also encourages industrial enterprise managers to formulate green development strategies, which is a way to help industrial enterprise managers and workers to participate in and comply with GDB.
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Zoidov, Kobiljon Kh, and Alexey A. Medkov. "Problems of formation and development of the modern Russian economy on the evolutionary and institutional basis of the Russian statehood." Market economy problems, no. 1 (2021): 149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.33051/2500-2325-2021-1-149-162.
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The research is aimed at identifying, describing and analyzing the problems of the formation and development of the modern Russian economy on the evolutionary and institutional basis of the Russian statehood and developing recommendations for the implementation of a promising state foreign and domestic economic policy. Goal. On the basis of historical and economic analysis, to identify the ways of further socio-economic development of Russia, the directions of the revival and strengthening of the Russian statehood, by activating the transport and transit direction «North-South», the formation of innovative and industrial belts of trade routes of the XXI century, connecting the country with the Islamic world. Tasks. Conducting historical and economic analysis of the evolutionary and institutional foundations of Russian statehood, forms of interstate and corporate partnership in the development, functioning and development of global trade routes in a broad sense. Substantiation of the Norman-Islamic theory of the origin of the Ancient Russian statehood based on the analysis of historical facts, as well as the logic of the origin, functioning and evolutionary development of trade routes. Identify the main areas of interaction and socio-economic development of Russia and the countries of the Islamic world and develop recommendations for political, economic, organizational and institutional changes. Methodology. The research uses the methods of evolutionary and institutional theory, the theory of production-technological balance, world system analysis and historical approach. The results of the study are based on the theory of transit economy developed by the authors, modeling the functioning of trade routes, and understanding the processes of formation and evolution of Global Eurasia. Results. It is determined that Islam became the state-forming factor of Ancient Russia through the displacement, the formation of new and the development of trade routes operated by the Normans. Three directions of the influence of the Islamic world on the formation of a united Ancient Russian state are identified: the search for new routes to Byzantium by the Normans after the expansion of the Arab Caliphate in North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula; establishment of direct relations with the Arab Caliphate along the Volga-Caspian water trade route; adoption of Islam by the neighbors of Ancient Russia - the Volga Bulgars, who have close trade relations with the Arab Caliphate and control the Volga-Caspian water trade route. Conclusions. The revival of modern Russia should and will be based on the functioning and evolutionary development of trade routes in the direction of «North-South» by establishing, expanding and strengthening contacts with the Islamic world. The creation and development of the Norman-Aryan Trade Route of the XXI century and its vast innovation and industrial belt should become a global political, economic, industrial and technological direction for ensuring interaction and socio-economic development of Russia and the countries of the Islamic world.
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Zhang, Jun. "Industry Building as Contested Market Building: Knowledge, Politics, and the Rise of Beijing in China's Virtual Economy." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 27, no. 4 (August 2009): 632–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c0882b.
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Combining insights from the theory of fields to markets and recent geographic literature on regional innovation, I conceptualize regional industry building as a contested process of market building involving initiatives of both economic actors and political actors in intertwined governmental fields and organizational fields. Market building entails the contribution of knowledge brokers capable of bridging the gap between the local industrial community and global leaders. Moreover, it requires the institutionalization of a stable governance structure to enable the rise of productivity-enhancing new entrepreneurship, especially to minimize ‘unproductive’ endeavors of technological entrepreneurs in fighting against powerful incumbents and reactionary institutions. From a policy perspective, regional industry building entails not only policies facilitating the pooling of glocal knowledge brokers at the regional scale, but also institutional reform and political transformation in the national arena, especially in an emerging market economy.
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Hou, Xiaoshuo, and Ping Li. "Whose Legitimacy? China’s Drive for Electric Vehicles." Sociology of Development 6, no. 1 (2020): 66–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sod.2020.6.1.66.
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Green technologies have become a field of competition between countries that are looking for new areas of economic growth and building low-carbon economies. This paper focuses on the case of electric vehicles (EVs) to look at the various actors embedded in the innovation network and explore the progress of and challenges to the diffusion of EVs in China. It complements a systems of innovation approach with the theory of institutional legitimacy, and discusses the regulative, normative, and cultural-cognitive types of legitimacy for different EV-related actors in China. We argue that the EV industry has gained a certain level of regulative legitimacy from the Chinese central state and some local states, but because of power struggles among stakeholders, it has not achieved much normative or cultural-cognitive legitimacy. In fact, it seems that what consumers want is different from what the central and local states have promoted. The discrepancy in different types of legitimacy is also because state investment in green technologies is more of an industrial policy than an environmental policy, seeking to leapfrog China into a technological powerhouse. We thus propose that when studying systems of innovation, it is important to take into account power dynamics across actors and the interactive process of establishing legitimacy, because institutions should not be taken as static, pre-given structures. The different layers of institutions are not always congruent, and when faced with conflicting institutional demands, actors may develop strategies to adapt and change the institutions.
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Carr, Patricia. "‘Riding the Juggernaut’: Selectivity and Entrepreneurship in Ireland." Irish Journal of Sociology 5, no. 1 (May 1995): 67–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/079160359500500104.
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The creation of a class of strong native entrepreneurs has long been an aim of Irish industrial policy. Social science discussion of strategies stimulating Irish enterprise have tended to emanate from two broad theoretical viewpoints, modernisation theory and dependency theory,f which hold opposing views on the role the Stale can play in the promotion of business and enterprise. Considerations of the relationship between the State and an indigenous class of entrepreneurs have tended to centre on notions of ‘modernising’ and the ‘modernisation’ of society. This article shifts the focus away from a concentration on modernising to a consideration of the nature of modernity. The tendency to equate modernisation and modernity is liable to conceal or misrepresent the activities of certain economic actors, in particular State personnel. Using elements of the institutional analysis of modernity developed by Giddens (1991), the article examines the ‘selectivity function’ of Irish State personnel and their relationship with potential Irish entrepreneurs. This selectivity function can be construed as an attempt to establish an expert system to enable State personnel to assert some control over the enterprise culture juggernaut.
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Li, Xingwei, Jianguo Du, and Hongyu Long. "Understanding the Green Development Behavior and Performance of Industrial Enterprises (GDBP-IE): Scale Development and Validation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 5 (March 5, 2020): 1716. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051716.
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Industrial enterprises have provided outstanding contributions to economic development in countries around the world. The green development of industrial enterprises has received widespread attention from researchers. However, existing research lacks the tools to scientifically measure the green development behavior and performance of industrial enterprises. According to the theory of green development behavior and performance of industrial enterprises (GDBP-IE), the aim of this paper is to provide a tool for scientifically measuring such behavior and performance. This paper determined the initial scale through literature analysis and expert discussions and obtained valid samples from 31 provincial administrative regions in China through field and online surveys (N = 853). The exploratory factor analysis method was used to test the reliability and validity of the scale. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The reliability and validity of the GDBP-IE scale are good; (2) the GDBP-IE scale, with a total of 70 items, comprises four sub-scales: The internal factors sub-scale, the external factors sub-scale, the green development behavior of industrial enterprises sub-scale, and the green development performance of industrial enterprises sub-scale. Among them, the internal factors sub-scale, with a total of 13 items, consists of two dimensions: Corporate tangible resources and corporate intangible resources. The external factors sub-scale, with a total of 23 items, consists of three dimensions: Market environment; public supervision; policy and institutional environment. The green development behavior of industrial enterprises sub-scale, with a total of 18 items, consists of two dimensions: Clean production behavior and green supply chain management practice. The green development performance of industrial enterprises sub-scale, with a total of 16 items, comprises three dimensions: Corporate social performance, corporate financial performance, and corporate environmental performance. The findings enrich the research on corporate organizational behavior, green behavior, and green development system theory, and provide tools for further empirical testing. The development and verification of green development behavior and performance of industrial enterprises can help guide various types of industrial enterprises in transforming to green development and can provide a reference for the government to formulate targeted green development policies.
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Hatem, Ben Said. "Interdependence between Managerial Ownership, Leverage and Firm Value: Theory and Empirical Validation." International Journal of Economics and Finance 7, no. 12 (November 24, 2015): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v7n12p106.
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<p>This paper test the interdependence between managerial ownership, debt and firm value. To this end, we examined a sample of 246 French firms over a period of 11 years is built. In addition, we use two estimation methods: simultaneous equations and data panels methods. The empirical results support the interaction between these three variables. We concluded a nonlinear relationship between insider ownership and shareholder wealth. An inverse U-shaped relationship was found between debt and managerial ownership. However, an increase in debt leads to an increase in managerial ownership. Moreover, the share capital held by managers is a significant factor in explaining debt ratio of French firms. Finally, we conclude that the disciplinary role of debt is valid only for the data panels method.</p><p>al Jordanian firms listed at Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) for the period of 2005-2013, by applying panel data regression analysis. It depends on building three OLS models: Pooled, Fixed Effects Model and Random Effects Model. In addition, a test for Breusch and Pagan Lagrangian multiplier (LM), and Hausamn test to choose among the three models which model is most suitable for our data. A main finding of the panel data analysis is that; fixed effect regression is the most convenient model. As a result, there is no strong evidence that there is a relationship between both institutional ownership and firm performance for Jordanian listed firms. This conclusion can be due to the fact that institutional ownership has its own pros and cons, therefore, their existence and influence could affect materially the types and risk level of investment decisions taken by the management which in return will affect the firm’s performance as a whole. ociation with external reserve and net credit to the economy. Based on these results; it is recommended that, the Nigeria government should designed programmes and incentives to boost industrial capacity utilization in the country. Markets determine nominal exchange rate should prevail in the economy. The country should regulate its foreign reserve policy by setting a threshold, above which excess deposit should be plough back to the domestic economy inform of investments rather than support excessive importation.</p><p> </p>
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Perez-Aleman, Paola. "A Learning-Centered View of Business Associations: Building Business-Government Relations for Development." Business and Politics 5, no. 2 (August 2003): 193–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1469-3569.1054.
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The problems of rent seeking and state captured by business associations have been prominent among the concerns of economic development theory. This paper argues that firms and the state can make possible the building of new institutions that foster improvements in economic performance through arrangements that emphasize goal setting, problem solving, and continual evaluation of progress toward defined goals. The paper reviews key ideas on the learning-centered approach and builds on them to analyze the kinds of government–business relations that contribute to economic development. It uses case study material based on Chile's agro-industry business association FEPACH. It illustrates how innovative state policy coupled with private firms' efforts led to the discovery of group-based coordination that fostered rapid diffusion of new technology and production organization among Chilean enterprises. This work discusses the institutional reshaping of the business association and business–state relations to encourage learning and advance a process of development.
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Wahga, Aqueel Imtiaz, Richard Blundel, and Anja Schaefer. "Understanding the drivers of sustainable entrepreneurial practices in Pakistan’s leather industry." International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 24, no. 2 (March 12, 2018): 382–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-11-2015-0263.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the drivers of sustainable entrepreneurial practices in SMEs operating in a developing economy. The secondary objectives are to explore the relationship between these drivers and to draw out the implications for policy and practice. Design/methodology/approach The paper is informed by the literature on sustainable entrepreneurship, and on the drivers of pro-environmental practices in SMEs. It reports on the results of an intensive multi-level empirical study, which investigates the environmental practices of SMEs in Pakistan’s leatherworking industry using a multiple case study design and grounded analysis, which draws on relevant institutional theory. Findings The study identifies that coercive, normative and mimetic isomorphic pressures simultaneously drive sustainable entrepreneurial activity in the majority of sample SMEs. These pressures are exerted by specific micro-, meso- and macro-level factors, ranging from international customers’ requirements to individual-level values of owners and managers. It also reveals the catalytic effect of the educational and awareness-raising activities of intermediary organisations, in tandem with the attraction of competitiveness gains, (international) environmental regulations, industrial dynamism and reputational factors. Practical implications The evidence suggests that, in countries where formal institutional mechanisms have less of an impact, intermediary organisations can perform a proto-institutional role that helps to overcome pre-existing barriers to environmental improvement by sparking sustainable entrepreneurial activity in SME populations. Originality/value The findings imply that the drivers of sustainable entrepreneurial activity do not operate in a “piecemeal” fashion, but that particular factors mediate the emergence and development of other sustainability drivers. This paper provides new insights into sustainable entrepreneurship and motivations for environmental practices in an under-researched developing economy context.
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Taslimi, Mohammad Saeed, Aryan Azimi, and Mohsen Nazari. "Resilience to economic sanctions; case study: hospital equipment cluster of Tehran (HECT)." International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 12, no. 1 (May 18, 2020): 13–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-06-2018-0024.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate factors contributing to the development of resilience capacity and capability of industrial clusters in order for them to mitigate, absorb and adapt to the impacts of Iran’s economic sanctions. Design/methodology/approach The Hospital Equipment Cluster of Tehran (HECT) was selected as the case study for the research. The data were collected using the library and field research and analyzed using the thematic analysis method. Findings The key dimensions of resilience were grouped into socio-cultural, economic, technical-organizational and institutional–infrastructural categories. Based on the “complex adaptive system” theory, each of the abovementioned dimensions were investigated on different levels of analysis, including individual, enterprise, cluster, government and environment. Eventually, recommendations were made by considering required capacities and capabilities of resilience of the hospital equipment sector toward economic sanctions. Originality/value The resilience toward economic sanctions, as an extensive disaster, is a considerably new subject and few studies have been performed in the field. This research provides practical solutions for local policy-makers, authorities and enterprise managers.
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Jepson, Wendy E., Christian Brannstrom, and Renato Stancato de Souza. "A Case of Contested Ecological Modernisation: The Governance of Genetically Modified Crops in Brazil." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 23, no. 2 (April 2005): 295–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c0406j.
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Ecological modernisation is a normative theory that explains why society's institutions and practices change in response to environmental consequences of industrial economies. It is also a term used to describe broader processes of change in environmental governance. In this paper, we use the second concept to explore the development of Brazil's governance of genetically modified (GM) or transgenic crops. We discuss three major shifts in GM-crop governance and regulatory institutions during the past decade. We focus on how nongovernmental organisations, local governments, and farmers challenged the federal government's biotechnology regulatory institution. The analysis of Brazil's GM debate offers important insights into the process of ecological modernisation in the global South. The case represents a key example of how ecological modernisation may proceed in countries facing neoliberalism and export-oriented economic policies paralleled by increasing democratisation. In Brazil, these seemingly contradictory forces have led to innovative, market-based paths of institutional change in environmental governance. Our study also offers an instructive example of how ecological modernisation processes in the global South intersect with broader dynamics of globalisation to shape potentially diverse environmental policy outcomes.
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Zhao, Jiangning, and Bin Zhang. "Chintrepreneurship – The China-way of Entrepreneurship Government Intervention, Seedling Approach – A Network-based Model of Entrepreneurship." Management and Organizational Studies 4, no. 1 (January 25, 2017): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/mos.v4n1p30.
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The development of entrepreneurship in China is coined in this paper as the ‘Chintrepreneurship’, namely, theChina-way of entrepreneurship, which is defined synthetically as an integral result of ideological transformation,industrial institutionalization and privatization, and technological transition from imitation and innovation. From anevolutionary perspective, China-way of entrepreneurship is resulted from the three-staged economic reformation.From a dialectic perspective, government intervention is not only a driver but also an obstacle to the formation ofChina-way of entrepreneurship, which is outlined as a compounded effect of dual-track policy, financial policy, FDIpolicy, science, technology, and innovation policy, education and human capital policy. As an exploratory study andrelying on an in-depth and extensive literature review, on-site observations and thousands of interviews, this paperendeavors to establish a theoretical framework, to contour the taxonomy and the four constraints, and to distinguishthe formational mechanism of China-way of entrepreneurship from the previously defined ones. Theoretically, thispaper proposes a need for a paradigm shift from polarized (Washington Consensus) to de-polarized (BeijingConsensus), and argues that, the network-based framework (aka: the neo-classical economics) fits to rationalize thepeculiarity and mechanism of China-way of entrepreneurship, uniquely incubated from the politically autocratic,bureaucratic and cronyism oriented social and institutional systems. This paper concludes that entrepreneurship doesexist in China, and that, government intervention and seedling approach serve as strategic and exogenous forces,while imitation and low marginal price act as tactical and endogenous factors – together, they constitute thedevelopmental mechanism of CHINTREPRENEURSHIP, in parallel with economic transition, from traditionally theglobal production networks (GPNs) to presently the global production and trade networks (GPTNs), frommanufacturing-based to service and consumption oriented. From the perspective of Darwin’s ‘survival of the fittest’,criticism is definitely needed, in order to legitimize the theory of CHINTREPRENEURSHIP.
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Buttiens, Dorien, and Annie Hondeghem. "Strategic choices regarding talent management in the Flemish public sector." Society and Economy 37, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 49–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/socec.37.2015.1.3.
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In the past decade, talent management (TM) research has mainly focused on (large) organizations in a for-profit context. From this, it has been established that it is important to apply a contingency perspective since ‘organizations develop talent systems which reflect particular organizational objectives in the context of the strategic constraints which they face’ (Vaiman & Collings 2013). Furthermore, Vaiman & Collings (2013) state that future research thus should aim to connect the talent management policy of an organization to the corporate culture and business strategy. In addition, Thunissen et al. (2013a) acknowledge that the approach to talent is not only determined by the management of an organization but also by other stakeholders (e.g. employees and society). This article aims to contribute to these concerns in the literature by using the contextually based human resource theory (CBHRT) of Paauwe (2004) in a public sector context. The CBHRT tries to explain the choice for an HR policy by looking at several dimensions in the (institutional) environment of an organization and by taking into account the influence of stakeholders. Furthermore, by focusing on the Flemish government, this article meets the call to further research on TM in underexplored research areas.
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Morello-Frosch, Rachel A. "Discrimination and the Political Economy of Environmental Inequality." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 20, no. 4 (August 2002): 477–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c03r.
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Over the last decade there has been a surge in academic and scientific inquiry into disparities in environmental hazards among diverse communities. Much of the evidence points to a general pattern of disproportionate exposures to toxics among communities of color and the poor, with racial differences often persisting across economic strata. Although results have implications for the politics of environmental decisionmaking, most of these analyses are limited to illustrating how inequities in exposures and health risks are spread across the landscape, while shedding little light on their origins or the reasons for their persistence. Previous attempts to theorize the causes of environmental inequality have focused on procedural justice in the regulatory arena, emphasizing civil rights jurisprudence and social theories on individual and institutional discrimination. Although these approaches offer insights into the epistemology of environmental inequality, they fail adequately to account for the political economy of discrimination relating to industrial location behavior and racialized labor markets. By integrating relevant social and legal theories with a spatialized economic critique, this paper formulates a more supple theory of environmental discrimination. How the political economy of place shapes distributions of people and pollution and ultimately gives rise to environmental inequality are revealed by exploring the following factors: historical patterns of industrial development and racialized labor markets; suburbanization and segregation; and economic restructuring. This multidisciplinary approach to theorizing the dynamic of environmental discrimination provides a new framework for future policymaking and community organizing to address environmental and economic justice. Implications of this broader framework for policy and politics are discussed in the conclusion.
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Frešer, Blaž, Karin Širec, and Polona Tominc. "International Orientation of early-stage Entrepreneurs in the Balkan region – The age perspective." Journal of East European Management Studies 25, no. 3 (2020): 555–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0949-6181-2020-3-555.
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The main objective of our study is to analyse the relation between early-stage entrepreneurs' age and their international orientation in the Balkan region economies, which are facing increasing globalisation and an ageing population. Based on the existing theory, we link the international orientation with some additional influencing determinants, such as the entrepreneurs' innovativeness, their growth aspirations and the financial resources required. Our results underline the importance of institutional frameworks and the moderating effects of age and these influencing determinants, on international orientation. Accordingly, we emphasise the significance of associating explanatory variables with the early-stage entrepreneurs' age. Data from six countries in the Balkan region were obtained from the year 2015 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Adult Population Survey. The study contributes to a better understanding of the international orientation of senior (in terms of age) early-stage entrepreneurs in the Balkan region. Given the changes that have occurred with increasing globalisation and an ageing population, the concept of this particular group of entrepreneurs is important for national and regional policy makers.
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Hoque, Md Aynul, Rajah Rasiah, Fumitaka Furuoka, and Sameer Kumar. "Technology adoption in the apparel industry: insight from literature review and research directions." Research Journal of Textile and Apparel 25, no. 3 (March 11, 2021): 292–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rjta-08-2020-0090.
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Purpose This paper aims to identify key theoretical cornerstones and research trends in the apparel industry. It also compares theoretical bases with those of the general research domain in technology adoption literature and, thus, provides future policy guidelines for practitioners and research gaps for further studies. Design/methodology/approach Documents were collected from the Web of Science (core collection) database using systematic methods. The bibliometric coupling and co-citation analyses were conducted using VOSviewer software to construct theoretical cornerstones and research trends in the apparel industry. Findings Literature in the apparel industry focuses mainly on the diffusion of innovation and the theory of reasoned action. Hence, the literature lacks investigations of technology–organization–environment and institutional theories for technology adoption in the apparel industry. This study also traces six clusters of prevalent research trends: radiofrequency identification, virtual-try on technology for e-commerce, computer-aided design, Industry 4.0 technologies, virtual-try on technology in design and information technology. Originality/value Little research is done on theoretical cornerstones on technology adoption in the apparel industry. This study looks into the theoretical bases for technology adoption, research trends in the apparel supply chain and calls for future research necessities.
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Skrypko, Tetyana, and Mariya Harasymlyuk. "Intellectual specialization of entrepreneurship as a way of solving social and economic problems." Socio-Economic Problems of the Modern Period of Ukraine, no. 1(135) (2019): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.36818/2071-4653-2019-1-2.
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Ukraine lags behind the developed countries in technological and economic spheres, by average income per capita, by renovation of production equipment, etc. Instead, comparatively high level of labour resources’ qualification and intellectual capacity remain to be the competitive advantage. Based on the theory of competitive advantages and current EU smart specialization strategy, it is possible to focus on technology-intensive industries oriented on exports to secure the countries’ sustainable development. The state of innovation activity of enterprises of industry, entrepreneurship sectors and regions is considered. The structure of the types of innovative activities of Ukrainian industrial enterprises for 2010-2017 includes internal and external impacts, such as the purchase of equipment and software, training of employees, etc. Statistical, table, questionnaire, factor analysis methods were used. The comparative analysis provides an innovative index of Ukraine and its 10 components (human resources, attractive research systems, innovation friendly environment, finance and support, firm investments, innovators, linkages, intellectual assets, employment impacts, sales impacts) calculated by EU economic experts according to the methodology The European Innovation Scoreboard. Based on the answers of the managers of small businesses, the bottlenecks of innovation management are grounded: internal (qualifications of managers and specialists), limited financial resources, risk of activities diversification) and external (corruption, formal approach of authorities and institutional infrastructure). The paper proves the reasonability of the state policy of further investment development and stimulation of the IT sector due to its low material resources, proper system of education of specialists, legal support and fiscal policy. The record high growth rate of the information services market and the corresponding high-intellectual cluster of specialists allows predicting the integration of the national industry into the international division of labor from the angle of geopolitical smart specialization.
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Aleshina, E. A., A. A. Leksina, and Zh S. Dossumova. "MARKET POTENTIAL AS A GREEN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT FACTOR." Scientific Review: Theory and Practice 10, no. 8 (August 31, 2020): 1507–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.35679/2226-0226-2020-10-8-1507-1525.
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Organic agriculture, based on natural production technologies, obtains a great potential for reversing humanity to a healthy diet and living in harmony with nature by improving the state of the ecosystem. The share of organic food products in the market of the developed countries is already quite high; and various institutional systems of the industry have been introduced and are being improved in the leading countries of the world. Domestic agribusiness is currently lagging behind in these matters, but the situation should be significantly changed by the adopted law and state standard regulating the requirements for the organic sector. In this regard, an objective need arose to substantiate the capabilities and the resource potential of the Saratov region in this sphere. Within the framework of the presented research, an interdisciplinary fundamental platform to develop the theory of the organic food products market was formed. As a result, the elements of the scientific methodology (theories, principles, factors, methods) of its functioning were identified, which made it possible to substantiate the potential capacity of the regional consumer market for organic food. The calculation was made taking into account the rational norms of food consumption that meet modern requirements for a healthy diet, the heterogeneity of consumer preferences, the price gap for the main conventional and organic products in retail and the dispersion of prices for the latter, the implementation of state policy to protect and improve the health of certain population groups. This study is intended for the state management bodies of the agro-industrial sector, the leadership of agricultural, processing and marketing enterprises, the structures of wholesale and retail food products trade and branch research institutions.
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Sigler, Thomas J., and Kirsten Martinus. "Extending beyond ‘world cities’ in World City Network (WCN) research: Urban positionality and economic linkages through the Australia-based corporate network." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 49, no. 12 (July 17, 2016): 2916–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x16659478.
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Defining the role of cities within economic networks has been a key theoretical challenge, particularly as nuanced understandings of positionality are increasingly championed over hierarchical notions of influence or power in the World City Network (WCN). This paper applies social network analysis (SNA) to identify the critical role that a wide range of cities plays in the Australian economic system. Drawing upon the set of Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) listed firms, four distinct sub-networks are compared against the overall urban network. Each of the materials, energy, industrials, and financials sector sub-networks are found to have unique configurations of inter-urban relations, which are articulated through institutional and industry-specific factors, grounded in diverse histories and path-dependent trajectories. This analysis applies five different centrality measures to understand how positionality within the overall network and respective sub-networks might better inform policymakers formulating ‘globalizing’ urban policy. This addresses the long-standing theoretical debate regarding territorially articulated hierarchies of urban/corporate power, extricating WCN research from the core-periphery assumptions tied to its world-systems theory lineage. Understanding how, rather than if, cities are global provides contextual knowledge about how cities are situated within broader circuits of production, and the exogenous relations that shape urban economies around the world, providing a framework for research in other global contexts.
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Wilber, Charles K. "Institutional Economics: Theory, Method, Policy." Journal of Economic Issues 28, no. 4 (December 1994): 1289–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00213624.1994.11505624.
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Hamlin, Alan. "Institutional economics: Theory, method, policy." European Journal of Political Economy 10, no. 4 (December 1994): 803–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0176-2680(94)90039-6.
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Ajuwon, Oluseye Samuel, Sylvanus Ikhide, and Joseph Oscar Akotey. "MSMEs Productivity in Nigeria." European Journal of Economics and Business Studies 7, no. 1 (January 21, 2017): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejes.v7i1.p114-130.
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This study uses the World bank enterprise survey data for Nigeria to examines Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) productivity rate in the Nigerian economy. The study explores factors that constrain MSMES output growth in Nigeria. Some of the factors identified include huge infrastructural gap, inadequate institutional support and low access to credit. The resultant effect is a low investment commitment amongst MSMEs thus hampering the productivity of MSMEs in the Nigerian economy. The MSMEs productivity growth rate was measured using annual sales of firms from the World bank enterprise survey data for Nigeria. This research employs the non-parametric variance estimation using the locally-weighted scatterplot smoothing (LOWESS) method on three sets of two-points data (2006 and 2003, 2008 and 2002, and finally 2012 and 2009) of annual fiscal sales for each category of firms comprising micro, small, medium and large firms. The result shows that the small businesses have a negative productivity growth rate in Nigeria. This in line with IFC (2013) which found that small businesses have the least productivity growth rate amongst firms of all sizes. However, this study departs from IFC findings which states that small businesses’ low productivity growth rate is tenable across all the sectors of the economy. The study found that small businesses actually recorded high productivity growth rate in some subsectors of the economy that specializes in product customization such as garment and furniture. Therefore, this study validates the flexible specialization theory that emphases the economic importance of MSMEs in the post-industrial era where product customization is the new order of production. The policy implication of this study is that any targeted intervention in the MSMEs sub-sector of the economy designed to increase productivity, should be channeled into the subsector with the most employee specialization as well as product customization.Keyword(s): MSMEs, small business, Output, Productivity, JEL Classifications: P42 M13 O55
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Mahmud, Rifat. "Understanding Institutional Theory in Public Policy." Dynamics of Public Administration 34, no. 2 (2017): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0976-0733.2017.00011.6.
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Johnson, Chalmers. "The Institutional Foundations of Japanese Industrial Policy." California Management Review 27, no. 4 (July 1985): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/41165156.
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Goldstein, Harvey A., and Edward M. Bergman. "Institutional Arrangements For State And Local Industrial Policy." Journal of the American Planning Association 52, no. 3 (September 30, 1986): 265–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01944368608976433.
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Dolfsma, Wilfred, and Łukasz Mamica. "Industrial Policy—An Institutional Economic Framework for Assessment." Journal of Economic Issues 54, no. 2 (April 2, 2020): 349–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00213624.2020.1743143.
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Nykänen, Nooa. "Competing institutional logics in Soviet industrial location policy." Eurasian Geography and Economics 59, no. 3-4 (May 4, 2018): 314–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15387216.2019.1581631.
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Holahan, Robert, and Gwen Arnold. "An institutional theory of hydraulic fracturing policy." Ecological Economics 94 (October 2013): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2013.07.001.
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Galiullina, G. F., M. M. Sharamko, and F. I. Andreeva. "Institutional-synergetic approach in benchmarking of territorial industrial policy." R-economy 3, no. 3 (2017): 167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/recon.2017.3.3.019.
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Fedulova, Liubov, and Iryna Sovershenna. "Peculiarities of Korean national innovative system development: experience for Ukraine during transformation of innovative processes." INNOVATIVE ECONOMY, no. 1-2 (2020): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37332/2309-1533.2020.1-2.2.
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Purpose. The aim of the article is to identify the key features of the innovative system formation in the Republic of Korea, to evaluate its advantages and disadvantages in the way of transformation of innovative processes taking into account the trends of global economic development. Moreover, it is crucial to identify the main trends in development of the Korean innovative system for the innovative development of Ukraine that is experiencing the modernization of its public administration. Research methodology included the application of the theory and the practice of innovation as well as the concept of national innovative systems (NIS), the principles of economic and technological paradigm as a methodological basis for the analytical assessment; methods of systematic approach, analogy and goals structuring, generalization – for identification of the key determinants of NIS development and development of proposals for innovative policy improvement as a component of state strategy of social and economic development of Ukraine. Findings. The research has identified the success factors of South Korea's National Innovative System (NIS), namely: close cooperation between the state, business and the scientific community in shaping and realizing national innovative potential; leading role in the innovative process of large financial-industrial groups; models of technology transfer, creation of innovative and creative clusters; the strategic role of the state in regulating the innovative system. In addition, the research has singled out NIS deficiencies which determine the further course for the transformation of innovative processes, namely: the need for further institutional restructuring of large corporate structures, the lack of development of venture capital institutions, the need to develop their own innovative potential in the sectors of creative and digital economies as well as science and technologies. The basic lessons that can be learned from the experience of the Republic of Korea are formulated and substantiated for the formation of the newest model of the national innovation system in Ukraine on conditions of modernization of its public administration. Originality. Scientific novelty of the research comprises identification and substantiation of the specific features of national innovative systems based on the example of the NIS in the Republic of Korea and deepening the scientific, theoretical and practical provisions of a new innovative policy taking into account the possibilities of its implementation in the context of modernization of public administration in Ukraine. Practical value. The practical significance of the research results is conditioned by the possibility of using the findings and recommendations developed within the framework of the innovative strategy for the development of the Ukrainian economy. The problems and limitations of the current Korean NIS, identified during the research, warn against such mistakes in the implementation of the innovative strategy in Ukraine which will allow the authorities that are responsible for managing innovation processes on different levels to put them in place more accurately when forming the appropriate innovation mechanism as a component of strategic innovation development - technological cooperation, to develop and implement innovative programs within the framework of integration of the Ukrainian economy into the global world. Key words: national innovative system; Republic of Korea; scientific and technological potential; innovative policy; public administration.
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Braun-Munzinger, Corinna. "Chinese CSR standards and industrial policy in GPNs." critical perspectives on international business 16, no. 2 (July 4, 2019): 165–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cpoib-12-2017-0086.
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Purpose Public policy to promote corporate social responsibility (CSR) can be a tool used by the state to promote the creation of social value by multinational enterprises (MNEs) and their global suppliers. Yet, this aspect has been little explored in the literature on social value creation in international business. While there is a substantial literature on the interactions of public and private regulation of firm behaviour in the global economy, little is known about the emergence of local institutional environments aimed at creating social value from MNE activities. This paper aims to address this gap in the literature. Design/methodology/approach Conceptually, the paper draws on the literatures on global production networks (GPNs) and on institutional approaches to CSR to grasp the local institutional environment for social value creation in MNEs and their suppliers. Empirically, the case of China is examined based on a review of literature, policy documents and interviews. The key questions the paper seeks to address is as follows: How can the emergence of local Chinese CSR standards be explained? How does the emergence of such CSR standards fit into wider policy objectives in the context of Chinese export-oriented growth? Findings The paper argues that the emergence of CSR standards in China needs to be seen in the context of changing industrial policy objectives to enhance both the social and economic value of participation in GPNs. Specifically, the evolution of Chinese CSR standards corresponds to a shift from structural towards functional coupling in GPNs, associated with increased policy attention on enhancing local skills and technology. Taking the case of the textile and apparel sector as an example, the paper illustrates how the adoption of China’s first CSR management system has taken place in a context of shifting strategic coupling objectives. Research limitations/implications A lack of data does not allow any conclusions on the impact of the Chinese institutional environment on social value creation and economic upgrading at firm level. This question could be addressed in further research. In addition, the findings open new questions around possible synergies between local policies and MNE efforts on sustainability. Increasing cooperation between Chinese and international standard setters around CSR opens the question of whether this leads to a convergence of horizontal and vertical governance on sustainability in the apparel GPN. Practical implications Findings show that there may be a window of opportunity for international practitioners to seek further dialogue with Chinese actors around promoting socially and environmentally sustainable business in a global economy. Originality/value The paper contributes to a better understanding of changes in the institutional environment for social value creation for MNEs and their suppliers in a key emerging economy. It illustrates how institutional approaches to CSR and the GPN framework can be combined to grasp the institutional environment for social value creation in an international business context.
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Owuor, Collins, Dorothy Tshombe, Alloys Musuya, and Grace Otieno. "FACTORS AFFECTING STUDENTS, ASSESSMENTS PERFORMANCE: CASE OF KENYA MEDICAL TRAINING COLLEGE (AN OPERATIONAL STUDY OF KMTC)." African Journal of Education and Practice 7, no. 2 (April 2, 2021): 30–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/ajep.1257.
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Purpose: The study assessed the influence of both intrinsic and extrinsic factors and students perceptions. While student and teacher-related factors constitute the intrinsic factors, parents and the government on the other hand are examples of the extrinsic factors. This research project focuses on assessing the factors that contribute and influence KMTC students’ performance with an aim of establishing ways to improve their performances in examinations and assessments.
Methodology: A mixed and descriptive cross-sectional research design was utilized involving a study of both intrinsic and extrinsic factors that affect students’ performance.
Findings: The study findings established that both intrinsic and extrinsic had an effect on performance. The study findings established that a unit increase in student attitude can lead to an increase of 0.05 in the scores of student performance. This implies that student attitude had a significant positive effect on student performance. The study found out that a unit increase in intrinsic factors of 0.227 can lead to an increase in students’ performance. This clearly shows that extrinsic factors had a significant positive effect on student performance. The study results revealed that a unit increase of 0.01 can lead to an increase in students’ performance. This shows that extrinsic factors had a significant positive effect on students’ assessment and performance. Therefore, the study independent variables had a strong positive relationship to the dependent variable which was student performance.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends for higher learning institutions to integrate both intrinsic and extrinsic factors in their planning.
Key Words: Multiple Choice Questions- Multiple choice questions are questions where the respondent is given a variety of options to pick from while answering, Objective Structured Clinical Examination- it is an examination structured to meet certain specific objectives and in this case OSCEs are particularly used in the assessment of clinical officers, Assessment-it refers to the various methods and tools that educators employ in evaluation, measurement and documentation of academic readiness, learning progress, skills acquisition and education needs of a student; Intrinsic factors- refers to those factors that exists within the system (KMTC), they form the internal drive to objectives and cannot be separated from the system. E.g. in KMTC, intrinsic factors includes students’ factors, lecturer factors, institutional factors e.t.c.; Extrinsic factors- refers to those factors that operate outside the system (KMTC) to influence the achievement of an objective. These factors are external and separate entities from the system but have established mutual connections e.g. the government, parents, employers’ e.t.c