Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Institutions politiques – Sénégal – 1970-'
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Koumba, Koumba Garcia. "La problématique de l’alternance au pouvoir en Afrique francophone : une analyse comparée des cas du Gabon et du Sénégal (de 1970 à 2019)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UBFCF014.
Full textOverall, this research explores the democratic process in Gabon and Senegal. But very precisely, she is interested in the problem of democratic alternation in power. Taking a comparative perspective, it uses the neo-institutional theoretical framework to understand and explain the divergences in trajectories in this area between the two countries.In total, the entire work includes two large parts preceded by an introductory part. Regarding the introductory part, most of the developments are devoted to the presentation of the research subject, to the initail question, to the hypotheses, in a word, to the theoretical and methodological aspects.In the first major part of the work, it is a question of establishing the points of convergence or similarities between the two countries. It is made up of three chapters. Regarding the second part, it highlights or exposes the points of devergence. Also composed of three chapters, each of them is designed from the three main angles of analysis of neo-institutionalism (namely ideas, institutions and interests)
Dione, Maurice Soudieck. "Le processus d'institutionnalisation de la démocratie au Sénégal." Bordeaux 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR40020.
Full textBy structuring the paradigms of constructivism, neo-institutionalism and politics from below, we aim to highlight the process of the institutionalization of democracy in Senegal. On the one hand, it lies an objective complicity between the various actors of the political scene, who use the democracy, the law and the institutions, thanks to combined strategies, as political instruments, and which effects they resent through the imposition of constraints. So, they embark on a process of responsive measures, in terms of working plans, renewal of the institutional and legal framework, with regard to political crisi circumstances which stakes are the conquest, the governing and the conservation of power. This confrontation of objectives and interests leads to the progressive introduction of rules and norms for a political and electoral loyal competition. These rules and norms are democratic acomplishments that consolidate the society ; their preservation and perpetuation maintain the negotiation between the actors. On the other hand, the consequences brought about by the transition from a triumphing government control to a decadent one, due to adjustment imperatives, provoke the deconstruction of the reticular relationship between the temporal and the spiritual that were at the basis of pebetration and the socialization of the state ; so, the citizens are set free and condemned to take care of themselves, thus, to develop subjective individuation strategies that reinforce democratic citizenship. The latter is given value by other sociocultural enlargement and public liberties deepening dynamics, essentially held by private medias, popular music, particularly M'balax and Rap music, as welle as, by organizations promoting and protecting human rights, that point out to themselves and are designated under the name of civil society
Dieng, Alioune. "Impacts des politiques agricoles sur l’offre céréalière au Sénégal de 1960 à 2003 : évaluation à partir d’un modèle d’analyse statistique par zones agro-écologiques." Dijon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DIJOE009.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis was to estimate and to determine the impacts of the agricultural policies on the cereal supply in the long-run-period by agro-ecological zones. The description of the historical, quantitative and institutional elements caracterized the different agricultural policies since 1960s and segmented the long period into four significative parts. The cereal supply model lead to the construction of the supply function related to the Nerlove model. The originality of this approach consisted of analyzing statistically the cereal supply function, not only as a national supply function, but as the aggregation of regional supply function defined from the agro-climatic parameters to the level of the agro-ecological zones. It permits to conduct a regional analysis to get the supposed impacts of the different agricultural policies and to provide new tools for a possible regionalization of the agricultural policies inside the country, and for a better definition of the orientations of cereal production
Atlan, Catherine. "Elections et pratiques électorales au Sénégal (1940-1958) : histoire sociale et culturelle de la décolonisation." Paris, EHESS, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EHES0093.
Full textNiang, Mamadou. "Contribution à l'étude du droit de suffrage dans quelques États africains francophones : Burkina Faso, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Sénégal." Bordeaux 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR1D301.
Full textThe citizen-electors from burkina faso, congo, ivory coast, senegal have taken part for several years or decades in ballots, they have approved decisions by referendum. It is a progress carried out thanks to the recongnition, development and the implement of a vote right. The evolution has started under the colonization that means the setting up of representatives elected which permits the attainment of natives to politics, no unreservedly. The movement is continuing in independant states : recognition of citizen's sovereignty. In fact, pover is monopolized by a man and his party. In the seventies eighties, the come back of pluralism is fixed as an objective, there is a political development. An electoral system as well as a ritual have been setting up. They are the expression of specific african practices. A large and regular electoral mobilization is seeked. It is not the case, the member of voters is low. The electors vote is adjusted, directed by numerous changes. Is the right to vote the way for african citizen to express their will, to have an influence in the city? Considering hastened data, socio political realities, we cannot well imagine that
Hermel, Abel. "La discipline dans les partis politiques et la démocratie représentative en France de 1981 à nos jours." Nancy 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN20018.
Full textYeghaneh, David. "Crise et recomposition du système politique japonais 1993 - 2000 : jeu des acteurs et influence des institutions." Paris 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA020048.
Full textCissokho, Sidy. "Le contrat social sénégalais au ras du bitume (1985-2014) : de la formation du groupe professionnel des chauffeurs au renforcement des institutions politiques." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01D092.
Full textThis research puts under scrutiny the formation of a social group through the daily work of a set of actors, such as the drivers of public transport, political parties and the administration representatives. It reconsiders the most common explanation on the stability of Senegalese political institutions: the hypothesis of the religious social contract. In my case, the study of the social contract takes place outside the religious contract in the context of post structural adjustment. The research highlights a circular process where political institutions build social groups, which in return reinforce political institutions. Structural adjustment policies have upset the social stratification of the transport world. They have allowed a new type of drivers' social climbing, who own vehicles. Mutual societies that were already in the motor parks have been symbolically invested by new significations. They will henceforth represent the driver profession. During the 1990s, with the help of unionists, the leaders of these organisations have progressively integrated local configurations of actors gathering representatives of political parties and administrations. This has given them additional means to reaffirm the existence of the driver group. Nowadays, this professional group asserts itself through the control of driver's work and the designation of the leaders of the group. On the other side, the existence of the driver group legitimates political institutions by perpetuating the belief that these institutions are above the rest of the society. The driver representatives' brokering practices with political parties and administrations allow us to study how significant these beliefs are
Mbodj, Hamady Hamidou. "L'organisation de la justice pénale en Afrique occidentale française : le cas du Sénégal de 1887 à l'aube des indépendances (1887-1960)." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR0012/document.
Full textThe period going from 1887 to the independences (1960) allows us to approach the question of the justice in French West Africa by highlighting the transformation of rules and the exercise of the justice, as well as the meeting between the Western system and the local legal pluralism. In Senegal as in the other territories of the French West Africa, the legal and judicial evolution reveals the opposition between two trends: that of the assimilation and that of the adaptation. Within the framework of this confrontation, jurisdictions that are unknown in the mainland France are created in the colonies in order to remedy with the lack of staff and with the financial means of the jurisdictions. For these same reasons the collegiality remains very rare and the justice is often organized around only one judge who is in charge of the pursuit, the investigation and the judgement. The organisation of the native penal justice set up in 1903, practically meets with the will of keeping the native institutions. However, the desire of assimilation leads to achieve around it reforms which tend to weaken the native institutions
Pelletier, Benoît. "La modification constitutionnelle au Canada." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010271.
Full textIn 1982, the parliament of the united kingdom relinquished, in favor of the Canadian authorities, its power to modify most of the dispositions of the constitution of Canada. This event, often referred to as the "patriation" of the constitution, gave rise to the adoption of a new procedure for constitutional modification, inscribed into the constitution act, 1982, and forming five different modalities applicable to the technical amendment of the major constitutional documents in canada. This thesis analyses each of those modalities, establishes links between them, and explains in what consists the global process for the constitutional modification in canada
Megne, M'ella Ghislain Desire. "L'organisation sociale du sport au GABON, de l'indépendance à nos jours (1960-2012). Analyse socio-historique des facteurs de facilitations et des contraintes. Perspectives comparatives : Caméroun-Sénégal." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0317/document.
Full textThe ambition that leads this thesis is as original as fascinating: analyzing the roleof the social organization of the Gabonese sport in the context of a developing country, themode of expression of the local people in the colonial period, and the element of integrationin the concert of nations after the independences. This research, in general, seeks tocomprehend sport organizations in Gabon. It is all about understanding the implication andthe impact of sport federations in Gabon from its independence (1960) to now. A trip in thepast reveals us that sport federations are separated from the traditional culture and modernculture. Therefore, we can see why they are out of touch with the current economic and socioculturalneeds of the moment. As we travel back in time, the purpose of this thesis ismultidisciplinary and comparative, based on the methods of the sociology of sport. It seeks todecrypt historical, social, political, economic and institutional conditions; and the logic of thepresent actors, so to understand the consequences that follow, and are testimonies of a uniqueorganization a francophone area (Gabon, Cameroon, and Senegal). This thesis informs aboutthe sport policies. Who organizes? How? In whose interest? These principal questions lead usto the overall problematic: Why sport organizations in Gabon favor more imported models oforganization. In more detail, how the transposition of the French model influences sportpolicies in Gabon; and how does it interact with the local particularities. Far from being aGabonese specificity solely, the colonial input remains a substantial propriety in youngAfrican states
Noudjenoume, Philippe. "La problématique de la démocratie en Afrique : le cas du Bénin de 1988 à 1993." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010261.
Full textDuring seventeen years of pseudo-marxist dictatorship under the leadership of a unique party, the state-party-prpb of kerekou led dahomey, which became Benin, to total bankruptcy. The consequences were extreme destitution for the working classes and profound frustrations within the beninese society. The workers in towns, the students and pupils, united into original, "illegal" structures, the action committees, rebelled against the system, beginning december 1988, and through powerful demonstrations overturned autocracy in december 1989. The national conference, which took place in february 1990 and was, on the constitutional level, a mean for transition from a state-party system to a partisan pluralism, established in Benin the most extended democracy ever known on the African continent. The new constitution established the presidential system. New institutions were installed, revealing, very soon, grave dysfunctions. The peopole's hopes very early were disappointed. The destitution increased with the application of the structural adjustment program imposed by the international monetary fund and the world bank. On the other hand, the permanency and the weight of atavisms (corruption, nepotism, different kinds of favouritism), the archaic character of the Benin's social structures are as many hindrances to the system. Can the "beninese model"of democracy in Africa survive all these challenges? Are the current institutions the most appropriate ones for the beninese society? Those are as many questions for the constitutionalist,the politologist or the sociologist which cannot receive hic and nunc positive answers
Giraudet, Frédéric. "La Vème République : les années d'apprentissage, 1958-1962." Paris 10, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA100104.
Full textJourda, Emmanuel. "Les usages postrévolutionnaires d'un canon orthodoxe : le Front Uni et l'invention politique de l'après-révolution en Chine (1978-2008)." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0109.
Full textThe purpose of this work is to define in conceptual terms the political organization of the people's Republic of China in the post revolution period. We'll therefore qualify in a historical perspective the process which saw the Chinese Communist Party emancipating from the Maoist revolutionary times and reshaping itself as a state-party. These changes will be discussed through an in-depth analysis of what is the United Front : a political concept moving with the Communist party and the PRC since their creation ; a department directly linked to the executive core of the party ; a political set of actions targeting specific parts of the chinese nation, inside its borders as well as overseas. The evolution of the United Front - as described in the official records over a 30-year period - offers a timely acute view of all the political changes the country has been through. This will allow us to look back into the successive waves of transformation that led the Communist party to adapt itself to the country's socio-economical changes, and to use hegemony and state control as the gate-keepers of its own institutional stability. This ambition was made possible by a constant internal reassessment of how the Communist party should reshape in order to escape both the proletarian and the democratic revolutions. Hence the search of a so-called "juste milieu", standing between justice and political stability, through taking the society in account without giving away the political power, wich remains the property of the Communist party
Izquierdo, Jean-Marie. "De la faiblesse d'un État hispano-américain : l'apparition du Sentier Lumineux au Pérou." Bordeaux 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR40030.
Full textTruchot, Hélène. "Le droit constitutionnel de René Capitant." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. https://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://bibliotheque.lefebvre-dalloz.fr/secure/isbn/9782247201228.
Full textRené Capitant (1901-1970) was professor of public law, involved in the Resistance movement during the Second World War, deputy, and Gaullist minister. He bequeaths a constitutional work that has never been subjected to exhaustive legal analysis. Often critical and sometimes precursor, his doctrinal and political writings are of interest as much in the theoretical developments questioning the origin of positive law through its reception by individual consciences as in the practical aspects of the evolution of French regimes. Through a dynamic approach to constitutional law in which constitutional history, institutional practices and philosophical and political doctrines intermingle, René Capitant's constitutional law invites us to go beyond the texts to question the constitutional legitimacy of French democracy
Truchot, Hélène. "Le droit constitutionnel de René Capitant." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCF011.
Full textRené Capitant (1901-1970) was professor of public law, involved in the Resistance movement during the Second World War, deputy, and Gaullist minister. He bequeaths a constitutional work that has never been subjected to exhaustive legal analysis. Often critical and sometimes precursor, his doctrinal and political writings are of interest as much in the theoretical developments questioning the origin of positive law through its reception by individual consciences as in the practical aspects of the evolution of French regimes. Through a dynamic approach to constitutional law in which constitutional history, institutional practices and philosophical and political doctrines intermingle, René Capitant's constitutional law invites us to go beyond the texts to question the constitutional legitimacy of French democracy
Al, Shaikh Aayat. "Les projets politiques et les fondements historiques de la communauté chiite au Bahreïn depuis l’indépendance 1971." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2026.
Full textShiism in Bahrain is a complicated socio-political phenomenon. The contemporary era is marked by a new rise of national and transnational shi’a political projects. Dominant political and media analysis consider shi’ism in the Bahraini context as a simplest extension of dominant political projects in Iran, Iraq, and in Lebanon.However, Bahraini shi’a are frequently assimilated to unconditional followers of influential non-Bahrainis clerics and their politics. In that framework, shi’a in Bahrain are considered as instruments of the shi’a actors’ hegemony. Those methods of interpretation appear superficial.Certainly, as we noted above, regional and transnational actors and politics affect the shiism in Bahrain, but the examination of its basis and its evolution demonstrate that it’s specific to the local schema. Various socio-political interactions shapes the local political sphere; such as political socialization processes,transnationalization, rites’ practicing, institutions’ organization's, relations avec the State, etc. In the contemporary period Bahrainis shi’a actors are indeed influenced by the theories and the projects stems from the transnational sphere, however, they develops their own and distinct socio-political projects. In this specific context, the State, even dominant, control neither these actors, nor their projects whether they are transnational or nationals
Kane, Ismaïla. "Les effets du néo-patrimonialisme sur la démocratie : de la pratique du présidentialisme et du clientélisme au Sénégal." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3249.
Full textThis text is about state of democracy in Senegal since the political changeover in 2000. Using a minimal definition of democracy – respect of political and civil liberties, free and fair elections – completed by the separation of state powers, it aims to answer to the following question : why is the functioning of democracy hampered in Senegal? The hypothesis is that neopatrimonialism, through personalization of power and clientelism, hinders the respect of democratic rules in this West African country. To analyze the impact of neopatrimonialism on democracy in Senegal, this text draws from the sociological institutionalism as theory. This approach provides a broad definition of institutions which includes formal norms as well as informal rules. In this perspective, neopatrimonialism and democracy embody institutions because the former has a set of informal rules and the later a set of formal norms and procedures. These two institutions structure and shape the individual behaviour. In this institutional confrontation, the neopatrimonial rules have a deeper impact on the action of Senegalese elites, particularly the president. To verify the hypothesis, one refers to studies that analyze the link between democracy and neopatrimonialism in Senegal and in Africa. This text also takes into account current events and striking political facts since 2000. The analysis is essentially qualitative and divided in two empirical chapters. The first one (chapter II in the text) studies the separation of powers and how the Senegalese president, Abdoulaye Wade, control the parliement and courts. The second empirical chapter (chapter III in the text) is subdivided in two sections. The first section examines how civil and political liberties are restricted by Wade’s inclination to authoritarianism. The second section analyses the numerous irregular situations that characterize senegalese elections : violence, lack of ressources for the electoral authority, frequent change of electoral timetable, partiality of the justice. On the whole, the hypothesis is confirmed, which is problematic to most of subsaharian African states. Neopatrimonialism is a fundamental feature of African politics. Its persistence could constitute a source of difficulty for African regimes that begin or will begin democratization like Senegal did.