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Journal articles on the topic 'Instrument and determinants'
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Fleuren, Margot A. H., Theo G. W. M. Paulussen, Paula Van Dommelen, and Stef Van Buuren. "Towards a measurement instrument for determinants of innovations." International Journal for Quality in Health Care 26, no. 5 (June 20, 2014): 501–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzu060.
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Fleuren, M., T. Paulussen, P. van Dommelen, and S. van Buuren. "093 Measurement Instrument for Determinants of Innovations (MIDI)." BMJ Quality & Safety 22, Suppl 1 (August 2013): A42.2—A42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2013-002293.124.
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Casal, Corrine S., Ann Lei, Sera L. Young, and Emily L. Tuthill. "A Critical Review of Instruments Measuring Breastfeeding Attitudes, Knowledge, and Social Support." Journal of Human Lactation 33, no. 1 (December 15, 2016): 21–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890334416677029.
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Background: Breastfeeding provides beneficial health outcomes for infants and their mothers, and increasing its practice is a national priority in many countries. Despite increasing support to exclusively breastfeed, the prevalence at 6 months remains low. Breastfeeding behavior is influenced by a myriad of determinants, including breastfeeding attitudes, knowledge, and social support. Effective measurement of these determinants is critical to provide optimal support for women throughout the breastfeeding period. However, there are a multitude of available instruments measuring these constructs, which makes identification of an appropriate instrument challenging. Research aim: Our aim was to identify and critically examine the existing instruments measuring breastfeeding attitudes, knowledge, and social support. Methods: A total of 16 instruments was identified. Each instrument’s purpose, theoretical underpinnings, and validity were analyzed. Results: An overview, validation and adaptation for use in other settings was assessed for each instrument. Depth of reporting and validation testing differed greatly between instruments. Conclusion: Content, construct, and predictive validity were present for most but not all scales. When selecting and adapting instruments, attention should be paid to domains within the scale, number of items, and adaptation.
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Janata, Petr, Joshua Peterson, Clinton Ngan, Bokyoung Keum, Hannah Whiteside, and Sonia Ran. "Psychological and Musical Factors Underlying Engagement with Unfamiliar Music." Music Perception 36, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 175–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2018.36.2.175.
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What are the factors that determine how long a person chooses to listen to an unfamiliar piece of music? We examined this question across three experiments in which we played participants novel repeating multi-instrument stimuli and recorded their listening times and reasons for their decisions to either continue or stop listening. To influence the habituating effects of repeating musical material drawn from a large stimulus library (> 450 items), we manipulated novelty along several musical dimensions. In Experiment 1, all instruments entered simultaneously. In Experiment 2, instrument entrances were also offset in time. In Experiment 3, we composed core multi-instrument loops and manipulated them to further minimize harmonic variability, minimize rhythmic variability, introduce spatialization, or change timbral characteristics. Novelty introduced by instrument entrances was the strongest determinant of listening times, though harmonic variability and timbral features were also important. Subjective enjoyment was the best predictor of listening times, mediating the effects of the degree of perceived groove in a stimulus, the urge to move, interest in a stimulus, perceived complexity, and congruency with current mood. We conclude that naturalistic looping musical stimuli serve well to examine the diverse psychological and musical determinants of choice behavior underlying music consumption.
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-e-Sahar, Namood, and Irum Naqvi. "Psychological Determinants of Relapse Prevention." 2020, VOL. 35, NO. 2 35, no. 2 (July 7, 2020): 373–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.33824/pjpr.2020.35.2.20.
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The present research aimed to study self-reflection, self-importance of moral identity, self-forgiveness, and personal growth initiative as the psychological determinants of relapse prevention among the drug addicts. Study instruments include Self-Reflection and Insight Scale (Grant, Franklin, & Langford, 2002), Self-Importance of Moral Identity Measure (Aquino & Reed, 2002), Two-factor Self-forgiveness Scale (Griffin et al., 2015), Personal Growth Initiative Scale II-Urdu (PGIS-II) (Zaman, 2018), and Advance Warning of Relapse (AWARE) Scale (Miller & Harris, 2000). The whole study is divided into two phases. Phase I underlies translation and validation of the research instrument into Urdu language; such that, translated versions possess significant reliability and possess good construct validity. Phase II studies the relationship between self-reflection, self-importance of moral identity, self-forgiveness, personal growth initiative, and relapse prevention among 240 drug addicts (M = 29.3, SD = 8.2). Sample was approached at different rehabilitation centers of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. Results indicated that all translated instruments are valid for the sample. All the study variables are found to explain about 14% variance (R2 = .14) in warning of relapse such that personal growth initiative is the most significant predictor. The values of total, direct, and indirect effects demonstrate existence of mediation; such that, self-importance of moral identity, self-forgiveness, and personal growth initiative act as serial mediators in order as mentioned for the relationship of self-reflection and warning of relapse.
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Ph.D, Anna Onoyase. "Determinants of Marriage Stability among Married Couples in North-Central Nigeria Implication for Counselling." World Journal of Educational Research 4, no. 3 (June 6, 2017): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/wjer.v4n3p356.
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<em><em>The study investigated determinants of marriage stability among married couples in North Central Nigeria. In order to carry out this study, four hypotheses were formulated. An instrument known as “Determinants of Marriage Stability Questionnair (DOMSQ)” was constructed by the researcher and used to collect information from the field. The instrument had content and facial validity and its reliability coefficient is 0.87. The investigator used eight research assistants to administer nine hundred and ninety copies of the questionnaire on the respondents in Kogi and Benue States. Nine hundred and eighty three copies were retrieved from the respondents indicating 99.3 percent return rate. The researcher collated the information got from the field work and the Z statistics was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings showed that, there was no significant difference between male and female married couples in their identification of childlessness as determinant of marriage stability, there was no significant difference between married couples in the urban and rural areas in their identification of sexual satisfaction as determinant of marriage stability, there was no significant difference between old and young married couples in their identification of cultural background as determinant of marriage stability, there was no significant difference between married couples from Kogi and Benue States in their identification of communication as determinant of marriage stability. One of the recommendations is that couples who are faced with the problem of childlessness should seek medical assistance and also be positive about such outcome.</em></em>
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Et al., Bakaruddin. "The Lack of Financial Independent Elderly Peoples in the Backward Regions." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 1 (January 20, 2021): 5235–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.1777.
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This study aims to reveal a number of determinants of financial not independent be the cause of the elderly in disadvantaged areas. The study was designed in the format of mixed method, wherein in the first stage of qualitative data collection to identify a number of determinants of the causes of the financial not independent elderly. All variables are declared invalid later developed into quantitative data collection instrument at a later stage. The results of different Kruskal-Wallis test was applied to see the differences between the determinants of independent elderly and elderly are not independent. Then performed logistic regression analysis to see the effect of each determinant to provide empirical evidence on the probability not independent elderly. The results showed that the only factor of land ownership, health
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Petruk, Oleksandr M., Oksana S. Novak, Anastasiia O. Petruk, and Nataliia H. Radchenko. "Determinants of Volatility of the Derivative Financial Instrument in Ukraine." Universal Journal of Accounting and Finance 9, no. 4 (August 2021): 653–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.13189/ujaf.2021.090412.
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Saxena, Mayank, and Sumeet Maru. "TO STUDY THE IMPACT OF DETERMINANTS OF GROWTH ON FIRM’S PERFORMANCE WITH RESPECT TO IT INDUSTRY." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 4, no. 1 (January 31, 2016): 108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v4.i1.2016.2848.
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Firm growth is an important indicator of a thriving economy. Although the determinants of firm growth have been studied in various disciplines, an integrated analysis is still lacking. Many determinants of firm growth are summarized and classified into three dimensions: individual, organizational, and environmental determinants. The present paper attempts to provide an integrated analysis on the determinants of firm growth. It gives an opportunity to investigate the determinants of firm growth in a comprehensive way.
The close-ended questionnaire was developed from standard questions of relevant literature as a research instrument. The sample size taken for the research is of 110 IT firms entrepreneurs.
Among the individual determinants, need for achievement, risk taking propensity and self-efficacy are positively conducive to firm growth. Among the organizational determinants, formulation, preparedness to grow, organizational learning, financial performance have positive impacts on firm growth. Market orientation, Entrepreneurial orientation, competitive intensity shows a negative relationship. Among the Entrepreneurial determinants, munificence, heterogeneity has positive impacts on firm growth. Market dynamism shows a negative relationship. Growth Barriers shows negative relationship.
Our study shows that firm growth is a complex phenomenon. It cannot be explained by one particular dimension or one determinant. The most important determinants have been identified from the individual, environmental and organizational dimensions. Organizational determinants have the greatest influence on firm growth.
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Kalantari, Naser, ArezooHaghighian Roudsari, AbouAli Vedadhir, Parisa Amiri, Nasrin Omidvar, and Hassan Eini-Zinab. "Developing and validating food choice determinants questionnaire: An instrument for exploring food choice determinants in Iran." International Journal of Preventive Medicine 11, no. 1 (2020): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_250_19.
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Usman, Dahiru Jafaru, Nurli Yaacob, and Aspalella A. Rahman. "Scale development for consumer protection and its determinants: evidence from Nigeria." International Journal of Law and Management 58, no. 4 (July 11, 2016): 354–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlma-04-2015-0018.
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Purpose This paper aims to develop an instrument for measuring Consumer Protection and its Determinants (CP&Ds). This is because literature on an instrument to measure CP&Ds is scarce. Design/methodology/approach In Nigeria, 53 questionnaires were distributed to legal practitioners. The study used 24 items to operationalize the CP&Ds. The research data were coded and scored, and the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted using SPSS version 22. The Bartlett’s test of sphericity, Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin, Cronbach’s alpha and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were used for the EFA, internal consistency reliability and multicollinearity, respectively. Findings The EFA produced seven factors, and each determinant was found reliable with its measure of internal consistency. Research limitations/implications The research result may not be generalized across jurisdiction because of the limited sample size and the fact that the data were collected from Nigerian legal practitioners. Practical implications This study can be used by policymakers and even private electricity companies in the deregulated electricity sector in Nigeria for policy design and effective consumer protection. Originality/value From the extensive literature review none was identified on the scale development for measuring CP&Ds. This exploratory research is the first attempt to develop an instrument for measuring CP&Ds.
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Heslop, Benjamin, Elizabeth Stojanovski, Jonathan Paul, and Kylie Bailey. "Are We Collaborating Yet? Employee Assessment of Peer’s Perceptions." International Journal of Human Resource Studies 7, no. 4 (October 18, 2017): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v7i4.11818.
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Employers rarely utilise their employees’ capacity to assess the collegiality and productivity of their own work unit, yet they are determinants of employee retention and profitability. One reason is the lack of a reliable, valid survey instrument to measure collaboration viability (CoVi), which we postulate is the construct that employees use to implicitly assess their work unit. Inherent weaknesses of own-perception and peer-assessment instruments prevent them reliably measuring CoVi. A novel method overcoming respective deficiencies by combining the strengths of both approaches is proposed that we term peer’s-perception. It is contended that such an instrument may be improved through formulation in accordance with a universal model of collaboration. The model chosen is PILAR as it encapsulates a variety of social and organisational psychology theories. Prospects, involved, liked, agency and respect constitute five Pillars of collaboration (Heslop, Bailey, et al., 2017). Based on this review, we propose a peer’s-perception instrument (Pillar-PP) and that this instrument be formally evaluated.
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Hashim, Nik Alif Amri Nik. "Validating the Measuring Instrument for Determinants of Tourist's Preferences toward Revisit Intention: A Study of Genting Highland." Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems 12, SP7 (July 25, 2020): 2236–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5373/jardcs/v12sp7/20202349.
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Amoah, Anthony, Kofi Korle, and Rexford Kweku Asiama. "Mobile money as a financial inclusion instrument: what are the determinants?" International Journal of Social Economics 47, no. 10 (August 18, 2020): 1283–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-05-2020-0271.
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PurposeThis paper seeks to examine the motivating factors that propel people to use mobile money in the Greater Accra Region (GAR) of Ghana. The authors posit that the behaviour of a person, in terms of the choice and means of transaction, cannot be explained solely by utility-maximizing assumptions or rationality. Thus, other socio-cultural and psychological factors are crucial in determining whether a person will use mobile money.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a cross-sectional design to obtain primary data on 733 households from the GAR of Ghana to determine the drivers of mobile money use. Given the binary nature of the dependent variable, a logit model and its marginal effects are estimated. Furthermore, parametric and non-parametric statistical tests are used to examine gender effect and mobile money use.FindingsThe study finds that technology savvy cohorts (youthful age cohorts), available services such as phone credit recharge, education and income are among the key determinants of mobile money use in Ghana. Furthermore, parametric and non-parametric tests of mobile money use on gender show a statistically significant difference in gender use of mobile money, albeit, marginal. The findings imply that consistent use of mobile money to access social and economic services can go a long way in promoting financial inclusion, financial empowerment and general wellbeing of people.Originality/valueHouseholds in developing countries especially Ghana have rapidly embraced mobile money technology. However, what determines the household level of adoption, to the best of our knowledge, is unknown and yet to be tested. This study bridges that gap in the empirical literature as well as contributes to policy decisions.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-05-2020-0271
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Taylor, Grantley, Greg Tower, Mitchell Van Der Zahn, and John Neilson. "Corporate governance determinants on Australian resource companies' financial instrument disclosure practices." Asian Review of Accounting 16, no. 1 (May 16, 2008): 56–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13217340810872472.
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Jansen, Sylvia J. T., Wilma Otten, and Anne M. Stiggelbout. "Review of Determinants of Patients’ Preferences for Adjuvant Therapy in Cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 22, no. 15 (August 1, 2004): 3181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2004.06.109.
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Purpose Many studies have determined cancer patients’ preferences for adjuvant therapy, for example, by asking patients the extent of benefit they would need in order to accept the therapy. However, little is known about the determinants that influence these preferences. Our research goal was to explore which determinants underlie patients’ preferences by means of a literature review. Methods PubMed searches were conducted to identify studies in which cancer patients’ preferences for adjuvant therapy had been elicited by means of a treatment preference instrument. Twenty-three papers were evaluated with regard to reported relationships between preferences and potential determinants. A total of 40 determinants were recorded and classified into one of seven categories: (1) treatment-related determinants, (2) sociodemographic characteristics and current quality of life, (3) clinical characteristics, (4) measurement instrument-related determinants, (5) time-related determinants, (6) cognitive/affective determinants, and (7) specialist-related determinants. Results The benefit and toxicity of treatment, experience of the treatment, and having dependents (eg, children) living at home were important determinants of patients’ preferences. Furthermore, qualitative data suggested that cognitive/affective and specialist-related determinants might have a large impact on patients’ treatment preferences. Conclusion Our results show that patients’ preferences cannot fully be explained on the basis of treatment-related determinants and patient and clinical characteristics. More research is needed in the area of cognitive/affective and specialist-related determinants because of the lack of quantitative results. Furthermore, we recommend carrying out larger studies in which the (internal) relationships between determinants and preferences are assessed in the context of a cognitive cost-benefit model.
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Ahmad, Nifaosan Raden, Mohd Noor Mohd Shariff, and Muhammad Haroon Hafeez. "Determinants of SMEs Performance of the Gem and Jewelry Industry in Thailand: A Pilot Study." Asian Journal of Social Science Studies 2, no. 3 (September 28, 2017): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20849/ajsss.v2i3.173.
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The main purpose of this pilot study is to examine and quantitatively explore a small sample of data on the determinants of strategic orientations and access to finance towards SMEs performance of the Gem and Jewelry Industry in Thailand. The proposed model consists of four elements that are used as a determinant of SMEs performance. A personally administered questionnaire approach was employed to collecting data from firms located in the Jewelry Trade Center, one of the most important premises for trading diamonds, gems, and jewelry in Thailand. The validity and reliability of the instruments were evaluated through panel of experts and data was analyzed using the SmartPLS 2.0.M3 software. The questionnaire revision was made based on the feedback of experts and the results confirmed that the remained items and constructs have good internal consistency reliability. A pilot test shows that there is no issue of validity and reliability of the instrument. The results of pilot test also will be beneficial to the further actual research on a larger scale by helping to avoid the potential research problems.
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Grazhdani, Soniela, and Arben Vërçuni. "Determinants of Customer – Perceived Service Quality in the Albanian Banking Industry." European Journal of Economics and Business Studies 2, no. 1 (August 30, 2015): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejes.v2i1.p223-234.
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The purpose of this paper is to identify the determinants of customer service quality perceptions and to develop an instrument to measure the level of service quality in Albanian banking industry. For this purpose we use the BSQ instrument and evaluate whether it can be applied in Albanian banks context. The BSQ items are evaluated and new item are added after an extensive and in depth analysis of the literature review published on bank service quality measurements. As a result of this analysis, a modified version of BSQ was created as a measurement scale of bank service quality in Albania. Data were collected through customer surveys conducted in two major cities in Albania, Tirana (the capital city) and Korca. A structured questionnaire was used in face to face interview with 352 retail bank customers. The questionnaire was formulated using BSQ items and items find from the literature review. The collected data were analyzed through tools such as factor analysis and one way ANOVA. This analysis helped to provide the validity and reliability of the modified instrument. The proposed scale comprises 28 items which spans four dimensions: responsiveness and informing, reliability and security, commodities, effective access. The research findings confirm that the BSQ instrument needs to be modified to the cultural context of Albania. Given the limited research done in measuring bank service quality in Albania this study is a significant contribution to the literature. The instrument developed in this study is important to bank managers for evaluating, controlling and improving service quality.
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Stetsiuk, R. O. "Varietal instrumental style as a performance-related phenomenon (case study: saxophone)." Problems of Interaction Between Arts, Pedagogy and the Theory and Practice of Education 54, no. 54 (December 10, 2019): 154–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum1-54.10.
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This article substantiates the legitimacy of using the notion of “instrument’s style” in music performance studies. It was noted that the global nature of the style aspect in the system of artistic work pre-envisages its application to the field of organology – the science of instruments as “tools” or “organs” of musical thinking – as well. It was emphasized that, being part of the man-made, “second” nature, instruments per se do not have a style but represent its determinants within the framework of the notional axiom “style is person” (according to Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon). The instrument’s style is represented by creative personalities who create and perform music. This article generalizes and systemizes information about musical style in its extension onto the level of varietal instrumental stylistics, where the main classification criterion is the ratio between universalism and specifics of performance-related sound image. The article offers an original notion of “varietal instrumental style” that provides basis for the study of particular varieties and representations (in this case, saxophone) of this phenomenon. It was noted that a new system of perceptions of musical interpretation arises within the framework of music performance studies, thus causing special interest in varietal specifics of an instrument as the most important component of interpretation performance process. Performance of music is thought of as a true creative act in which the figure of interpreter stands out, represented in several versions: performing as such, mixed (composing-performing or performing-composing), and improvising. It was emphasized that comprehensiveness of the “style” category allows to extend its applicability to all (without exception) means of expressive-constructive complex of music, which in a concrete composition are manifested at the stylistics level. Among the most important stylistic components of a piece of music are instruments which do not have a style themselves but represent its determinants objectively existing in the practice of public music playing of various eras and periods, countries and regions. Complex properties of instruments are studied within the framework of a relatively new field of music studies called “organology”. According to an organological approach, instruments appear in their wholesome quality that includes timbre-acoustic and image-semantic values and characteristics, enabling them to be considered at the level of varietal style – the style of any music varieties (according to Valentina Kholopova). It was noted that musical instruments are dual by their nature. On the one hand, they are artifacts of civilizational culture categorized as phenomena of the “second”, man-made nature. On the other hand, they require obligatory presence of a human being – a performer-interpreter in whose work they get “humanized” (according to Boris Asafyev) and attain the qualities of style. Such an interpretation of the “instrument’s style” category can be found more and more often in music study works devoted to particular varietal instrumental styles: piano, guitar, violin and other. This article notes that the notion of “instrument’s style” correlates not only with the generalized perception of musical style with its branching into hierarchical levels but also with stylistics of a musical composition perceived as the set of the means of implementing a genre-style idea in the text of a musical image: composing (notational) and performing (acoustic). As a result, we have the notion of instrument stylistics existing within the wholesome system “instrument = musical composition” (according to Boris Asafyev). It was emphasized that instruments, like the style in general, are “material”, i.e. they are perceived sensibly, acting as objects of reality embodying intentions of author’s and performer’s artistic design. It was proved that in varietal instrumental stylistics, the most important aspect is the belonging of an instrument to a particular family and its correlation with instruments of other families. As for the saxophone style, its distinctive features from this viewpoint will include: a) characteristic particularities of sound image reflected via timbre and semantics (“timbre labels” according to Alexander Veprik), b) interim position within the system of aerophones – brass and wooden wind instruments. It was emphasized that parameters of the stylistic structure of a musical composition always correlate with its texture measured vertically, horizontally and depth-wise. The textural “configuration” always includes an instrument as the carrier of its intrinsic stylistics: historical, genre-specific, national, “personal”. Therefore, when reviewing a varietal instrumental style, including the saxophone style highlighted in this article, one has to use the following criteria: a) organological, b) varietal, c) genre-stylistic. On that basis, the article offers an original definition of the saxophone style as a performance- and composing-related phenomenon aggregately reflecting timbre-acoustic and image-semantic properties of an instrument, distinguishable for: a) interim position between wooden and brass aerophones, b) peculiarity of sound image tending toward universalism, i.e. toward assimilation of properties of a whole number of other musical instruments, and of not only wind but also other groups. The article’s concluding remarks note that saxophone stylistics manifest themselves the most fully in jazz, where this instrument is represented in the entire diversity of its artistic and technical capacities at the level of improvisation art that revives, at the new “orbit” of historical-style spiral, the centuries-old practice of musical instrumentalism.
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Mandal, Kasturi, and Pankaj K. Mandal. "Development of an instrument for measuring adolescent health compromising behaviours among rural students: a Delphi study." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 1 (December 25, 2020): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20205686.
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Background: There is an increasing trend of health compromising behaviors in adolescents worldwide. As behavioral determinants are extremely culture specific, person specific and as such least instruments have been developed in West Bengal. The aim of this study was to develop a specific instrument with strong content validity for measuring adolescent health compromising behavior of adolescent students of rural area.Methods: Face and content validity were evaluated in three round Delphi procedure by a panel of 15 experts who had extensive experience and knowledge of adolescent health compromising behavior. To ensure good cultural fit of the instrument with the rural context, modified Delphi procedure conducted among five stakeholders: medical and nursing, psychologist, sociologist, education experts, and parents. Reliability testing done among 100 students through test retest method with one-week interval.Results: A 85 questions-based instrument was developed reflecting 5 areas of health compromising behaviors; physical inactivity, sedentary behavior, unhealthy eating, poor dental hygiene, tobacco use and their multi-dimensional correlates. After round 3 Delphi, the final instrument had overall S–CVI/Ave of 99.05% and found to be reliable as evident by Pearson product moment correlation coefficient (r) for the scoring questions ranged from 0.72 to 0.84 and Cohen’s kappa coefficient (k) for nominal data, ranged from 0.8-1.Conclusions: The instrument has similarities as well as differences compared with instruments of Western origin. The instrument was valid and reliable and can be applied in both research and practice for measuring adolescent health compromising behaviors.
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Andersen, Elizabeth, and Farinaz Havaei. "Measuring Relational Care in Nursing Homes: Psychometric Evaluation of the Relational Care Scale." Journal of Nursing Measurement 23, no. 1 (2015): 82–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1061-3749.23.1.82.
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Background and Purpose: The Relational Care Scale (RCS) is a Canadian evaluative instrument designed to measure nursing home residents’ perceptions of care aides’ relational abilities. Care aides’ abilities to be reliable and empathetic with nursing home residents are very important determinants of quality of care, but few instruments are designed specifically for residents or focus exclusively on these determinants. Initially developed and tested in metropolitan teaching-affiliated nursing homes in Ontario, we expanded testing by reevaluating the psychometric properties of the RCS in 5 rural nursing homes in British Columbia. Method: There were 62 residents living in 5 rural nursing homes who completed 3 instruments: the RCS under investigation, the Experiences in Close Relationships-Relationship Structures (ECR-RS) questionnaire to test for convergent validity, and the Lubben Social Network Scale-6 (LSNS-6) to test for discriminant validity. Results: The reliability of the RCS was strongly supported (Cronbach’s alpha = .90, item–total correlation > .77). Consistent with previous testing, a unidimensional internal structure was extracted. A moderate to strong correlation between the RCS and the Anxiety and Avoidance subscales of the ECR-RS supported convergent validity of the instrument. Last, partial support was obtained for the discriminant validity of the RCS. Conclusions: The RCS was easy to use for both residents and researchers. Expanded testing demonstrated its recurring reliability and validity.
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Cohen, S. Robin, and Anne Leis. "What Determines the Quality of Life of Terminally Ill Cancer Patients from Their Own Perspective?" Journal of Palliative Care 18, no. 1 (March 2002): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/082585970201800108.
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Background Although several instruments have been developed to measure the quality of life (QOL) of palliative care patients, a rigorous research study has not specifically asked patients themselves what is important to their QOL. It is, therefore, not clear whether these instruments measure what is most important to these patients’ QOL. Purpose To understand the primary determinants of the QOL of palliative care patients with cancer. Method The study used a qualitative paradigm. Participants were interviewed concerning what was important to their QOL. A systematic content analysis of the transcripts was carried out by all the investigators. Results Five broad domains were found to be important determinants of patient QOL: (1) the patient's own state, including physical and cognitive functioning, psychological state, and physical condition; (2) quality of palliative care; (3) physical environment; (4) relationships; and (5) outlook. Conclusions Existing instruments cover many of these domains, but no single instrument includes all of the relevant content. The McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire, which we developed previously, has been revised based on these data.
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Afonso, Anoushka M., James H. Diaz, Corey S. Scher, Robbie A. Beyl, Singh R. Nair, and Alan David Kaye. "Measuring determinants of career satisfaction of anesthesiologists: validation of a survey instrument." Journal of Clinical Anesthesia 25, no. 4 (June 2013): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinane.2013.01.007.
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Rajivan, Prashanth, Pablo Moriano, Timothy Kelley, and L. Jean Camp. "Factors in an end user security expertise instrument." Information & Computer Security 25, no. 2 (June 12, 2017): 190–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ics-04-2017-0020.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to identify factors that determine computer and security expertise in end users. They can be significant determinants of human behaviour and interactions in the security and privacy context. Standardized, externally valid instruments for measuring end-user security expertise are non-existent. Design/methodology/approach A questionnaire encompassing skills and knowledge-based questions was developed to identify critical factors that constitute expertise in end users. Exploratory factor analysis was applied on the results from 898 participants from a wide range of populations. Cluster analysis was applied to characterize the relationship between computer and security expertise. Ordered logistic regression models were applied to measure efficacy of the proposed security and computing factors in predicting user comprehension of security concepts: phishing and certificates. Findings There are levels to peoples’ computer and security expertise that could be reasonably measured and operationalized. Four factors that constitute computer security-related skills and knowledge are, namely, basic computer skills, advanced computer skills, security knowledge and advanced security skills, and these are identified as determinants of computer expertise. Practical implications Findings from this work can be used to guide the design of security interfaces such that it caters to people with different expertise levels and does not force users to exercise more cognitive processes than required. Originality/value This work identified four factors that constitute security expertise in end users. Findings from this work were integrated to propose a framework called Security SRK for guiding further research on security expertise. This work posits that security expertise instrument for end user should measure three cognitive dimensions: security skills, rules and knowledge.
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MacKenzie, Clayton G. "Starting to Learn to Play a Musical Instrument: a Study of Boys' and Girls' Motivational Criteria." British Journal of Music Education 8, no. 1 (March 1991): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265051700008032.
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The paper describes a research project undertaken recently in four primary schools. The study involved an investigation of those factors which motivated the members of a study group of 48 pupils to start learning to play a musical instrument. The findings of the research identify the importance of interest factors and the encouragement of the teacher as determinants of pupils' decisions. There is some indication of differences in the criteria used by girls and boys, particularly with regard to the socialisation aspect of instrumental learning.
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Fratini, G., D. K. McDermitt, and D. Papale. "Eddy-covariance flux errors due to biases in gas concentration measurements: origins, quantification and correction." Biogeosciences 11, no. 4 (February 21, 2014): 1037–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-1037-2014.
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Abstract. Errors in gas concentration measurements by infrared gas analysers can occur during eddy-covariance campaigns, associated with actual or apparent instrumental drifts or biases due to thermal expansion, dirt contamination, aging of components or errors in field operations. If occurring on long timescales (hours to days), these errors are normally ignored during flux computation, under the assumption that errors in mean gas concentrations do not affect the estimation of turbulent fluctuations and, hence, of covariances. By analysing instrument theory of operation, and using numerical simulations and field data, we show that this is not the case for instruments with curvilinear calibrations; we further show that if not appropriately accounted for, concentration biases can lead to roughly proportional systematic flux errors, where the fractional errors in fluxes are about 30–40% the fractional errors in concentrations. We quantify these errors and characterize their dependency on main determinants. We then propose a correction procedure that largely – potentially completely – eliminates these errors. The correction, to be applied during flux computation, is based on knowledge of instrument calibration curves and on field or laboratory calibration data. Finally, we demonstrate the occurrence of such errors and validate the correction procedure by means of a field experiment, and accordingly provide recommendations for in situ operations.
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Phy, Maly, Twisuk Pungpeng, Chaweewon Boonshuyar, and Thanu Chartananondh. "Work-environmental determinants of mass fainting illness among textile factory workers." Journal of Health Research 34, no. 2 (December 13, 2019): 112–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhr-04-2019-0081.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a brief screening instrument to identify risk factors of factory workers experiencing mass fainting illness (MFI) due to work-environmental determinants. Design/methodology/approach A factory-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 740 workers in October 2017 and was completed with face-to-face interviews. Data analyses included univariate logistic regression, backward stepwise linear regression and multiple logistic regression. Sum scores on significant items and receiver operator characteristic curves were used to compute potential cut-off points and the sensitivity and specificity rates. Findings Significant work-environmental factors were identified as working at very high speeds, having less influence on the choice of working partners, perceived high temperature at work, having less opportunity to do their best at work, and concern about losing a job in the next six months. In developing a screening instrument, a 6.5 cut-off point that corresponded to 99.6 percent sensitivity and 92.2 percent specificity was identified. Originality/value The study concludes that this MFI-instrument could potentially be used to prevent MFI. By understanding the policy implications, the government body, employers, workers, development partners and stakeholders should work toward preventing MFI. Implementing a preventive measure is therefore warranted due to the health education impact.
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Moyo, Arnold, and Sothini Natalia Ngwenya. "Service quality determinants at Zimbabwean state universities." Quality Assurance in Education 26, no. 3 (July 2, 2018): 374–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qae-07-2016-0036.
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Purpose This research sought to empirically identify context specific dimensions of service quality at Zimbabwean State Universities. The study also sought to measure the ‘university-wide’ overall service quality at National University of Science and Technology (NUST) and to explore differences in service quality perception based on selected students’ demographic characteristics. Design/methodology/approach A case study strategy was used. Focus group discussions were used to qualitatively identify service quality variables; which were then subjected to quantitative evaluation through the administration of questionnaires on a sample of 294 students. Exploratory Factor Analysis was used to reduce the service quality variables into service quality dimensions. Findings Five dimensions of service quality were identified, namely: General Attitude, Facilitating Elements, Access, Lecture Rooms and Health Services. Results also showed that most students (48.3 per cent) perceived overall service quality at NUST to be average while 28.6 per cent and 23.1 per cent had a negative and positive perception of overall service quality respectively. Perceived overall service quality at NUST was found to differ significantly based on ‘students’ year of study’ and ‘faculty group’. Differences based on gender were found to be insignificant. Originality/value Identification of the five dimensions was a progressive step in developing a relevant service quality measurement instrument for a Zimbabwean State University context; and in so doing, contributing to literature on relevant service quality dimensions and measurement instruments in Zimbabwe and Africa in general. This was the first such study in Zimbabwe to address the context specific literature-gap on relevant service quality dimensions.
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Sivakumar, Gayathri, and Brandon Chau. "Poverty: A clinical instrument for family physicians." University of Western Ontario Medical Journal 86, no. 2 (December 3, 2017): 62–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5206/uwomj.v86i2.2045.
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The primary driver of health outcomes is not medical professionals and the treatment they provide, but rather the socioeconomic environments enveloping individuals from the time they are born until their last breath. Social determinants of health (SDOH), which are factors such as income, education, ethnicity, disability, and access to healthcare, create disparities in morbidities and mortalities across a social gradient. Poverty constitutes one of the most well-studied and well-acknowledged SDOH, with a wide-ranging and treacherous impact on one’s health and well-being. A new poverty tool, created by the College of Family Physicians of Canada and the Centre for Effective Practice, enables front-line clinicians to tackle the social challenges associated with a low socioeconomic status. Consideration of socioeconomic conditions in a clinical practice setting can improve health outcomes by optimizing clinical management decisions and reduce the burden on our healthcare system.
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Levi, Sebastian, Christian Flachsland, and Michael Jakob. "Political Economy Determinants of Carbon Pricing." Global Environmental Politics 20, no. 2 (May 2020): 128–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep_a_00549.
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Carbon pricing is widely considered a key policy instrument for achieving substantial climate change mitigation. However, implementation remains patchy and price levels vary significantly across countries and regions. In this article, we analyze the structural social, political, and economic conditions under which carbon prices have been implemented so far. We estimate a Tobit regression model to investigate variations in explicit carbon prices over 262 national and subnational jurisdictions. Our results highlight well-governed institutions and public attitudes as the most important conditions for carbon pricing and characterize fossil fuel consumption as a barrier to the implementation of carbon prices. The results suggest that governance and public attitude need to be integrated into political economy analysis. Policy makers should take regulatory capacities and public attitudes seriously when designing carbon pricing policies.
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SANTOS, Fabiana R. R. L., Fernando A. F. FERREIRA, and Ieva MEIDUTĖ-KAVALIAUSKIENĖ. "PERCEIVED KEY DETERMINANTS OF PAYMENT INSTRUMENT USAGE: A FUZZY COGNITIVE MAPPING-BASED APPROACH." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 24, no. 3 (May 18, 2018): 950–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20294913.2016.1261374.
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The recent economic climate has had direct repercussions on people’s daily lives. This has occurred not only in how they use payment instruments, but is also evinced in new concerns adjacent to technological advances, people’s safety and the credibility of financial institutions. In this regard, the banking sector has had a crucial role in countries’ economic development, making it increasingly important to understand how the banking system operates and what payment instruments are available to users. Relying on specialized literature and the application of fuzzy cognitive mapping, this study aims to understand the cause-and-effect relationships between customers’ preference factors in using payment instruments. The results show that usability aspects and safety concerns constitute the factors which users pay more attention to. Strengths and limitations of our proposal are also discussed.
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Laflamme, Lucie, Ewa Menckel, and Elisabet Aldenberg. "School-injury determinants and characteristics: developing an investigation instrument from a literature review." Accident Analysis & Prevention 30, no. 4 (July 1998): 481–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0001-4575(97)00101-2.
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Navas Fernández, Gloria. "LA MOTIVACIÓN DE LOS NIÑOS DEL 2º CICLO DE EI SEGÚN LA VISIÓN DE SUS PADRES." International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology. Revista INFAD de Psicología. 6, no. 1 (January 12, 2017): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.17060/ijodaep.2014.n1.v6.742.
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Abstract.2 TO 3 YEARS OLD CHILDREN´S MOTIVATION THROUGH THEIR PARENTS` PERCEPTIONThis paper shows the research done for the perspective of parents of children in the second cycle of primary education (EI) on the motivation towards learning of the latter, which were involved 256 parents of children aged 3, 4 and 5 years old, belonging to both public and private schools in the province of León. One of the two versions of EMAPI (Motivation Scale to children’s learning), where parents had to take the place of their children and answer the items as if they were children of 3, 4 and 5 years was used. The results indicate 7 new factors or components of motivation concerning parents of 3, 4 and 5 years of age in relation to the 4 determinants theoretical motivation of those who departed for the development of one of the versions adapted designed instrument. In conclusion, the data obtained show that the determinant arising out of the 7 factors are the beliefs and expectations of children, specifically referring to the perceived self-efficacy and selfesteem, the second determinant outstanding powers, and to a large extent, related to external and controllable causes. Finally, as future research, training guidelines to parents to instill in their children and encourage the need to strive in learning throughout compulsory education, seems the best way to get motivation of students not fall along the school years. This research has been possible thanks to the University of León, which funded the ULE20011-4 project granted to Ana Mªd e Caso Fuertes to the 2012 year.Keywords Academic motivation, childhood education, parents, perception, motivational determinants, evaluation.Resumen.El presente trabajo muestra la investigación realizada para conocer la visión de los padres de niños del segundo ciclo de Educación Infantil (EI) acerca de la Motivación hacia el aprendizaje de éstos últimos, en el que estuvieron involucrados 256 padres de niños de 3, 4 y 5 años de edad, pertenecientes a centros tanto públicos como privados de la provincia de León. Se utilizó una de las dos versiones del EMAPI (Escala de Motivación hacia el APrendizaje Infantil), donde los padres debían de ponerse en el lugar de sus hijos y contestar a los ítems como si lo hicieran los niños de 3, 4 y 5 años. Los resultados permiten establecer 7 nuevos factores o componentes de la motivación referentes a padres de niños de 3, 4 y 5 años de edad, en relación a los 4 determinantes teóricos de la motivación de los que se partió para la elaboración de una de las versiones adaptadas del instrumento diseñado. Como conclusiones, los datos obtenidos muestran que el determinante que destaca de los 7 factores resultantes, son las creencias y expectativas de los niños, concretamente la referida a la autoeficacia percibida y a la autoestima, siendo el segundo determinante sobresaliente las atribuciones, y, en gran medida, las referidas a causas externas y controlables. Finalmente, como futuras líneas de investigación, entregar a los padres pautas para que inculquen y fomenten en sus hijos la necesidad de esforzarse en el aprendizaje a lo largo de la educación obligatoria, parece ser la mejor forma de conseguir que la motivación de los alumnos no descienda a lo largo de los cursos escolares. Esta investigación ha sido posible gracias a la Universidad de León, al financiar el proyecto ULE20011-4 concedido a la Dra. Ana María de Caso Fuertes para el año 2012.Palabras clave Motivación académica, educación infantil, padres, percepción, determinantes motivacionales, evaluación.
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Fratini, G., D. K. McDermitt, and D. Papale. "Eddy-covariance flux errors due to biases in gas concentration measurements: origins, quantification and correction." Biogeosciences Discussions 10, no. 8 (August 19, 2013): 13679–717. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-13679-2013.
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Abstract. Errors in gas concentration measurements by infrared gas analysers can occur during eddy-covariance campaigns, associated with actual or apparent instrumental drifts or to biases due to thermal expansion, dirt contamination, aging of components or errors in field operations. If occurring on long time scales (hours to days), these errors are normally ignored during flux computation, under the assumption that errors in mean gas concentrations do not affect the estimation of turbulent fluctuations and, hence, of covariances. By analysing instrument theory of operation, and using numerical simulations and field data, we show that this is not the case for instruments with curvilinear calibrations; we further show that if not appropriately accounted for, concentration biases can lead to roughly proportional systematic flux errors, where the fractional errors in fluxes are about 30–40% the fractional errors in concentrations. We quantify these errors and characterize their dependency on main determinants. We then propose a correction procedure that largely – potentially completely – eliminates these errors. The correction, to be applied during flux computation, is based on knowledge of instrument calibration curves and on field or laboratory calibration data. Finally, we demonstrate the occurrence of such errors and validate the correction procedure by means of a field experiment, and accordingly provide recommendations for in situ operations. The correction described in this paper will soon be available in the EddyPro software (www.licor.com/eddypro).
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Labiris, Georgios, Andreas Katsanos, Michael Fanariotis, Anna Koutsogianni, Athanassios Giarmoukakis, Dimitrios Chatzoulis, and Vassilios P. Kozobolis. "A Proposed Methodology for the Assessment of Glaucoma Awareness in Greece: Introduction of the EIT-8G Scale." European Journal of Ophthalmology 22, no. 1 (May 26, 2011): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/ejo.2011.8375.
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Purpose To develop a reliable and practical questionnaire for glaucoma awareness and evaluate the impact of potential determinants. Methods Patients with primary open-angle, pigmentary, and exfoliation glaucoma, as well as healthy controls, were recruited. The instrument included questions about demographic characteristics, as well as 8 questions assessing the participant's familiarity with glaucoma. Rasch analysis was used for the validation of the questionnaire. The effect of demographics as potential determinants of awareness was examined with a multivariate logistic regression analysis. Bonferroni-corrected statistical significance was tested with the Mann-Whitney U test or one-way analysis of variance. Association between demographics and questionnaire scores was examined with Spearman correlation. Results As indicated by power analysis, responses from 175 patients (mean age 65.5 years) and 314 controls (mean age 43.3 years) were analyzed. Rasch analysis indicated no multidimensionality and good item-person targeting. Mean ± SD awareness scores for the glaucoma and control groups were 4.43±2.10 and 4.20±2.11, respectively (p=0.207). Sex and residence were not predictors of disease awareness, whereas educational level was only a determinant in the control group (p<0.001). Income was a predictor only for patients (r=0.357, p<0.001), whereas family history was predictive for both groups (p<0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that only family history was associated with increased awareness (χ2=4.61, p=0.03, odds ratio 1.98). Conclusions This study introduces a practical and valid instrument for the assessment of glaucoma awareness.
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Shanker, Latha. "Margin Requirements and Hedging Effectiveness: An Analysis in a Risk-Return Framework." Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance 7, no. 3 (July 1992): 379–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0148558x9200700311.
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The wave of innovation that swept the field of finance in the last fifteen years has resulted in the creation of different instruments that could serve effectively as substitutes in performing different functions. One important function, that of hedging risk, may be performed by futures and options. The regulations of the markets in which these instruments trade are important determinants of the competitiveness of the different substitutes. One such important regulation is that of the margin requirement of futures and options markets. This paper studies the effect of an increase in the margin requirement on the hedging effectiveness of the hedging instrument and its demand by the hedger. Empirically, the paper compares the hedging effectiveness of currency options and futures with and without margin inclusion. The results indicate that margin regulations for these two instruments are such that the instruments are competitive in terms of what they offer the hedger.
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McDonnell, Lorraine M. "Opportunity to Learn as a Research Concept and a Policy Instrument." Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 17, no. 3 (September 1995): 305–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/01623737017003305.
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Opportunity to learn (OTL) is rare among the many concepts that education researchers use to depict the complexity of the schooling process. Although designed as a technical concept to ensure valid cross-national comparisons, OTL has changed how researchers, educators, and policymakers think about the determinants of student learning. This article examines the evolution of OTL from a research concept to a policy instrument. It describes OTL’s intellectual origins in the IEA studies and the role of OTL research in education indicator development. The article then outlines OTL’s emergence as a potential policy tool, and assesses its political and technical feasibility.
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Bondarenko, Olha, Vladimir Pakhomov, and Yurii Lukianenko. "Corrupt Lobbying in Ukraine: Essence, Determinants and Countermeasures." Russian Journal of Criminology 12, no. 5 (November 8, 2018): 738–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-4255.2018.12(5).738-747.
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Corruption in all its manifestations is one of the most dangerous problems of modern societies. High level political corruption, which has now acquired a universal character, is especially harmful. Corruption lobbyism is one of the key forms of such corruption. The authors draw attention to the essence and key characteristics of this phenomenon, which include unlawfulness, unethical character of corruption lobbyism, its ability to have an unfair influence on the authorities as well as the fact that corruption lobbyism is an instrument of enriching certain groups or elites. Besides, a special feature of Ukrainian corruption lobbyism is its politicization. The authors break the key determinants of corruption lobbyism into three groups. The first group is political determinants: the absence of legislative basis for lobbyism; the insufficient transparency of the work of people with power; the vagueness of methods used to involve stakeholders in discussing and making managerial decisions; the absence of due diligence in the anti-corruption and criminological expertise of normative legal acts. The second group is economic determinants (the existence of shadow economy and the reluctance of lobbyists to leave the shadow zone to evade taxes). The third group is composed of cultural and educational determinants: the historical trend of our society to put personal connections above professional ones; the absence of not only legal, but also moral frameworks for the interactions between lobbyists and authorities. The authors pay special attention to the analysis of key measures of counteracting corrupt lobbyism. They conclude that the main determinant of corrupt lobbyism is the absence of both the political will of lawmakers to create a lobbying mechanism and the will of the society to stimulate these activities with law mechanisms.
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Cubbins, Lisa A., Deidre Sepavich, Steve Killpack, and Carl V. Hill. "Assessing Determinants of Father’s Involvement with His Partner’s Pregnancy and His Child’s Well-being." Men and Masculinities 21, no. 1 (June 5, 2016): 3–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1097184x16652653.
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Father’s involvement in his family typically has beneficial effects on maternal health during pregnancy and on his child’s health and well-being. The strength and pattern of these effects vary, however, and most studies consider only a few factors that contribute to father involvement. In this study, we describe development and pilot testing of the Father Resources Survey Instrument, which consists of twenty-nine questions measuring eleven dimensions and designed to assess psychological, social, and work-related resources associated with father’s involvement in his family. The final pilot test indicates that the Father Resources Instrument may help to understand a father’s involvement in his female partner’s pregnancy and the health and well-being of his child.
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Cohen-Silver, Justine, Sherri Adams, Rishi Agrawal, Catherine Birken, Eyal Cohen, Geoffrey Dougherty, Amy Houtrow, et al. "Development of the Pediatric Social Risk Instrument Using a Structured Panel Approach." Clinical Pediatrics 57, no. 12 (July 13, 2018): 1414–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009922818784959.
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Background. Social determinants of health impact child illness. Currently, no instrument exists to identify social need during hospital admission. Methods. Using the UCLA (University of California Los Angeles)-RAND appropriateness method, consensus was reached for an instrument to identify social need in hospitalized children. A panel of 11 experts reviewed candidate indicators through 3 rounds to reach consensus. The instrument then underwent usability testing. Results. Three hundred and forty-seven indicators from the literature were sorted into 18 social risk themes. After 3 rounds, consensus was reached on 82 indicators. Six additional social risk themes were recommended by the panel, resulting in consensus for 18 additional indicators. Final refinement resulted in an instrument containing 86 indicators representing 11 social risk themes. Usability testing identified that the tool was well received by families. Final feedback was incorporated into a post-usability instrument. Conclusions. Using the UCLA-RAND appropriateness method, a new pediatric social risk instrument was created to identify social need for hospitalized children.
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Blanco Fernández, Jana. "EVALUACIÓN DE LA MOTIVACIÓN HACIA EL APRENDIZAJE EN NIÑOS DE 2 A 3 AÑOS." International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology. Revista INFAD de Psicología. 6, no. 1 (January 12, 2017): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.17060/ijodaep.2014.n1.v6.741.
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Abstract.EVALUATING LEARNING MOTIVATION OF 2 TO 3 YEARS OLD CHILDREN.The aim of this study was to design and validate an instrument to measure kindergarten children´s learning motivation. This construct has been studied through its four determinants: beliefs and expectations, task value, standards of performance and attributions about success and failure. The instrument is designed for two to three years old children, so that its features are related to this age. The sample used was of 126 children aged between 2 and 3 years (69 females and 54 males), attending to six public and private kindergartens in the province of León. The EMAPI (Assessment Questionnaire of Kindergarten Learning Motivation) was applied to them in an individual way. This instrument is comprised by 22 pictogram statements where children must choose between two options. Results are encouraging although the Cronbach`s alpha is not too high, as it shows the possibility of measuring the learning motivation of kindergarten children. So it seems necessary to continue in this research line in order to improve the instrument. In conclusion, it is proved the possibility of measuring the kindergarten learning motivation, what had not been done before, but there are several areas of improvement as it has been stated above. This research has been possible thanks to the University of León, which funded the ULE20011-4 project granted to Ana Mªd e Caso Fuertes to the 2012 year.Keywords: Kindergarten, Learning Motivation, motivational determinants, Assessment.Resumen.El objetivo central de este estudio ha sido la construcción y validez psicométrica de un cuestionario para medir la motivación hacia el aprendizaje de los niños de primer ciclo de Educación Infantil, por lo que sus características han sido adaptadas para esta edad. Este constructo se ha estudiado a través de sus cuatro determinantes: creencias y expectativas, valor que se le da a las diferentes tareas de aprendizaje, niveles de exigencia y atribuciones. La muestra utilizada ha sido de 123 niños (69 niñas y 54 niños) con edades comprendidas entre 2 y 3 años, asistentes a 6 guarderías públicas y privadas de la provincia de León, a los cuales se les ha pasado, de manera individual, la Escala de Motivación hacia el Aprendizaje Infantil (EMAPI), la cual consta de 22 ítems en forma de pictogramas donde los niños han de escoger entre dos opciones. Los resultados obtenidos han sido esperanzadores a pesar de no contar con un Alfa de Cronbach excesivamente alto, ya que demuestran la posibilidad de conocer la motivación que los más pequeños muestran hacia el aprendizaje. Por ello se precisaría continuar en esta línea de investigación a fin de poder conseguir dar consistencia y amplitud al instrumento diseñado Como conclusión se evidencia la posibilidad de medir la motivación hacia el aprendizaje en edad infantil, cuestión que no se había realizado anteriormente, aunque existen varios aspectos susceptibles de mejora. Esta investigación ha sido posible gracias a la Universidad de León, al financiar el proyecto ULE20011-4 concedido a la Dra. Ana María de Caso Fuertes para el año 2012.Palabras Clave: Educación Infantil, Motivación hacia el aprendizaje, determinantes motivacionales, Evaluación.
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Hutchinson, Angelica, Alexandria Marshall, Fang-Chi Hsu, Kathryn Weaver, Alisha DeTroye, Kristin Strickland Houston, Annette Carter, et al. "EPID-09. QUANTIFYING SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH AMONG GLIOMA PATIENTS." Neuro-Oncology 22, Supplement_2 (November 2020): ii80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noaa215.327.
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Abstract BACKGROUND Social determinants of health (SDH) are modifiable factors that contribute to health outcomes. Despite studies linking SDHs with cervical, ovarian, and prostate cancer outcomes, few studies have explored SDHs in glioma patients. We conducted a cross-sectional survey to characterize and contextualize SDHs in glioma patients by community income, rural/urban residence, and treatment status. METHODS Two validated instruments: PRAPARE (Protocol for responding to and assessing patents’ assets risks and experiences) and AHC (accountable health communities instrument) quantified SDHs; along with study-specific supplemental questions. Risk scores were calculated and combined into an overall and domain-specific (economic, education, neighborhood environment, social context, and healthcare) SDH risk, with a higher score being indicative of higher SDH risk. Scores were compared between low-income (LIC) vs high-income (HIC) communities (defined by median household income), urban vs rural (defined by zip code), and active treatment vs surveillance (determined by patient medical record) using Wilcoxon rank-sum test. RESULTS 100 glioma patients were enrolled: mean age 53 years (range: 22–78); 49% male; 18% oligodendroglioma, 34% diffuse astrocytoma, 38% glioblastoma, 10% other glioma; 68% resided in LICs, 27% in rural zip codes, and 51% were on active treatment. Overall, SDH risk scores were low (mean= 4.43-out-of-38). Scores in the healthcare domain were the highest. Compared to patients from LICs, patients from HICs had higher healthcare risk scores (p< 0.05). Surveillance patients had higher overall SDH risk on the AHC than patients in active treatment (p< 0.05), with age being a confounder. In multivariable analysis, younger age, and astrocytoma histology were associated with higher social health risk. CONCLUSION Glioma patients report relatively few SDH risk factors on standardized instruments designed for general clinic populations. The higher health risk observed in patients in HICs and higher AHC risk for those in surveillance will be further explored in planned qualitative analysis.
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Kumar, Gaurav, and Jagjit S. Saini. "Determinants of IFRS Compliance by Canadian Companies." International Journal of Corporate Finance and Accounting 3, no. 2 (July 2016): 42–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcfa.2016070103.
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The objective of this paper is to provide evidence on IFRS compliance by Canadian companies. The Canadian Accounting Standards Board (AcSB) required the use of IFRS for publicly accountable enterprises (other than pension plans) beginning on January 1, 2011. Specifically, the authors analyze the determinants of IFRS disclosure compliance for these companies. Canada provides a good setting for their research, because they measure the compliance in the first year of IFRS adoption when some of the companies are still allowed to use U.S. GAAP or local GAAP. They measure compliance by using an updated version of the instrument used in Hodgdon et al. (2009). The authors' results show that firm size, foreign sales proportion, and U.S. listing are positively associated with the IFRS compliance while the leverage ratio is negatively associated with the IFRS compliance of the sample firms. These results confirm the premise that firms with better information environment and better monitoring tend to comply well with the newly adopted accounting information.
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McGuinness, Sheelagh, and Jonathan Montgomery. "Legal Determinants of Health: Regulating Abortion Care." Public Health Ethics 13, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/phe/phaa014.
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Abstract In The legal determinants of health: Harnessing the power of law for global health and sustainable development, Gostin et al. provide a sustained account of how law can and should be used as an instrument of health promotion. We pick up on the themes of this report with a specific focus of the importance of abortion for women’s sexual and reproductive health and the impact that particular ways of framing abortion in law can have on the lives of women and girls. In this short comment, we wish to emphasize that abortion regulations need to move beyond frameworks based on narrow understandings of harm towards more progressive agendas that take into account the social determinants of health in order to reduce barriers to care. This contribution is particularly relevant to the Commission’s criticism that those ‘[l]aws that stigmatise or discriminate against marginalized populations are especially harmful and exacerbate health disparities’.
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Hanaysha, Jalal Rajeh, Isam Saleh, Suhaidah Hussain, Khai Loon Lee, and Zahari Abu Bakar. "Determinants of Firm Performance in Automotive Industry." International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology 12, no. 4 (July 2021): 132–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijssmet.2021070108.
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This paper is centered towards examining whether innovation, social media marketing, and corporate social responsibility have any associations with firm performance in automotive sector. By reviewing the prior literature, it can be concluded that there are limited studies which focused on investigating the direct impacts of the above factors collectively on firm performance, particularly in automotive industry. Moreover, the performance of automotive industry in Malaysia has recently experienced slow growth. Therefore, a quantitative research method was employed for data collection and fulfilling the research objectives. In particular, the data were collected via survey instrument from many employees of automotive companies at the state of Pahang in Malaysia. The data was then anlayzed by SPSS Version 19 to verify and test the hypotheses. Overall, the outcomes revealed that innovation has a significant positive impact on firm performance. But the influence of social media marketing on firm performance was found insignificant. Finally, the outcomes showed that the practice of corporate social responsibility has a positive impact on firm performance.
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Ophey, Anja, Carsten Eggers, Richard Dano, Lars Timmermann, and Elke Kalbe. "Health-Related Quality of Life Subdomains in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease: The Role of Gender." Parkinson's Disease 2018 (August 1, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6532320.
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The most frequently used instrument to assess health-related quality of life (HrQoL) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire 39 (PDQ-39). However, both the dimensionality of the eight PDQ-39 subscales and their summary score recently faced criticism. Furthermore, data on disease-related and neuropsychological determinants and the role of gender on HrQoL in PD are inconclusive yet. Therefore, our aim was to reevaluate the PDQ-39 structure and to further explore determinants of HrQoL in PD. 245 PD patients (age: M = 69.64, SD = 8.43; 62.9% male; H&Y: Md = 3.00; cognitive assessment with PANDA: M = 24.82, SD = 3.57) from the baseline database of the Cologne Parkinson Network were used to reevaluate the dimensionality of the PDQ-39 with a principal component analysis (PCA). Multiple regression analyses were conducted to clarify general and domain-specific relationships between clinical, (neuro)psychological, and sociodemographic variables, gender in particular, and HrQoL. The PCA identified three HrQoL domains: physical-functioning, cognition, and socioemotional HrQoL. Depressive symptoms were identified as the most important determinant of HrQoL across all models. Disease-related HrQoL determinants (UPDRS-III, H&Y stage, and LEDD) were less strong and consistent HrQoL determinants than nonmotor symptoms. Analyses did not reveal a global gender effect; however, female gender was a negative predictor for physical-functioning and socioemotional HrQoL, whereas male gender was a negative predictor for cognition HrQoL. Our analyses suggest the consideration of a reevaluation of the PDQ-39. Only the full understanding of HrQoL, its determinants, and their interrelationships will allow the development of PD intervention strategies focusing on what matters the most for patients’ HrQoL. Gender is one relevant variable that should be considered in this context.
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Ferrão, Ana C., Raquel P. F. Guiné, Paula Correia, Manuela Ferreira, João Duarte, and João Lima. "Development of a Questionnaire to Assess People’s Food Choices Determinants." Current Nutrition & Food Science 15, no. 3 (April 25, 2019): 281–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573401313666171117150648.
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Background: Diet and nutrition are major determinants of public health and are associated with a large number of diseases. Therefore, in order to plan actions to promote global health, it is crucial to understand people’s food choices. Objective: The aim of this study was the development and validation of a new instrument, a questionnaire to measure psycho-social motivations associated with food choices and eating practices. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was undertaken on a non-probabilistic sample of 382 adult participants. The questionnaires were applied after informed consent only to adults (aged 18 or over) and the data were collected from January to April 2017 among the Portuguese population. The analysis has been conducted to explore the item-item correlation and the reliability of this new instrument. Results: The results indicated satisfactory correlations between the items of the different variables, except for Variable D (Social and cultural motivations) that did not show strong and significant correlations for almost any items. Considering all the items in each of the variables studied, Cronbach’s alpha values ranged from 0.32 for the marketing and commercial motivations to 0.64 for the economical and availability motivations. When some items were removed from the variables, the values of Cronbach’s alpha increased and ranged from 0.66 for social and cultural motivations to 0.79 for health motivations. Conclusion: This work suggested that this questionnaire could be considered a suitable tool for exploring food choice determinants.
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Guiné Raquel, P. F., João Duarte, Ana Cristina Ferrão, Manuela Ferreira, Paula Correia, Ana Paula Cardoso, Elena Bartkiene, et al. "The eating motivations scale (EATMOT): Development and validation by means of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modelling (SEM)." Slovenian Journal of Public Health 60, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sjph-2021-0002.
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Abstract Introduction The objective was to develop and validate an instrument that measures different determinants of people’s food choices and simultaneously accounts for a variety of factors: health, emotions, price and availability, society and culture, environment and politics, and marketing and advertising. Methods This is a cross-sectional study focusing on food choice determinants. It was carried out in 16 countries in 2017 and 2018. This study included 11,960 volunteer adult participants from different countries. The data was validated using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Results Validation using CFA with SEM revealed that multi-factor modelling produced first- and second-order models that could be used to define the EATMOT scale, the first presenting better fitting indices, with the goodness-of-fit and comparative-fit indices very close to 1, as well as root-mean-square-error-of-approximation, root-mean-square-residual and standardised-root-mean-square-residual at practically zero. Conclusion The validated EATMOT scale guarantees confidence in the information obtained through this instrument, and can be used in future studies to better understand food choice determinants in different geographical areas and help plan strategies to improve healthy eating patterns and diminish the burden of non-communicable diseases.
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Sagar, Awlad Hosen, Md Abu Bakkar Siddik, and Rubayet Hasan. "The Determinants of Risk-Sharing Strategies of Food-Retailers: A Study on Chittagong, Bangladesh." International Journal of Financial Research 11, no. 6 (December 22, 2020): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v11n6p337.
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Food-retailers have access to various risk management strategies to manage the risks in food processing and trading. Risk-sharing is a powerful instrument amongst risk management strategies. It comprises a negotiation of risk allocation between at least two agents to reduce risk and to increase expected utility. The objective of the study is to identify the factors that affect the selection of risk-sharing strategies of food-retailers. In this regard, the study explains risk-sharing instruments from three perspectives: risk reduction; risk mitigation; and risk coping strategies. Food-retailers choose these risk-sharing strategies according to their preference. We link a theoretical understanding of the existing risk-sharing strategies with an empirical model. For quantitative analysis, primary data encompassing 24 variables is sampled from 109 randomly selected food-retailers from and around the city of Chittagong, Bangladesh. This study uses a multiple regression model to identify the significant factors in selecting risk-sharing strategies. The results infer that Family Employment, Hired Employment, Value Chain Challenges, Institutional Challenges, Societal Challenges, Risk Attitudes on Marketing and Promotion, Risk Attitudes on Innovation, Risk Attitudes on Business-in-General, Gender and Expectation for Succession, have a significant effect on the selection of risk-sharing strategies. The analysis is performed on SPSS (version-26). This study covers only off-business risk-sharing instruments of food-retailing. Consequently, this result is irrespective of on-business risk management strategies.
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VARELA, Nestor D., Carlos J. GONZALEZ, and Gerardo OCHOA-MEZA. "Measuring transformational leadership style and its effectiveness on virtual work-teams in Mexico." Revista Espacios 41, no. 45 (November 12, 2020): 113–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.48082/espacios-a20v41n43p09.
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Objective: To examine transformational leadership factors that promote effectiveness in virtual work-team performance, generating empirical basis theoretical knowledge in management of virtual environments in Mexico. Method: Design and development of a questionnaire to assess determinants of transformational leadership and its effectiveness in virtual work-team performance. Results: this instrument is supported by evidences according to several perspectives founded at the conducted literature review. Limitations: this questionnaire do not use statistical productivity nor quality indicators in organizations. Originality: there is no instrument that address these factors in Mexico. Conclusions: this study will contribute to administrative sciences by developing an instrument to assess leadership capability and its effectiveness on virtual work team as new key parameters and strategies to be used by those business environment stakeholders.