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Grottenthaler, Catherine Irene. "Building as an Instrument." VCU Scholars Compass, 2007. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/671.
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The proposal of this thesis project is an exploration of the relationship between music and the built space. The space chosen for design is the first two floors of the Lady Byrd Hat factory located at 140 Virginia St. in the Shockoe Slip area of Richmond, VA. This project proposes the design of the building for the purposes of a music center that will benefit the community by providing music therapy, music and vocal classes, a performance space, and a café. It is to be used as an instrument for communication, health, and education. The main users of the space are music educators, music therapists, music ensembles, students, patients, and audience members of performances. I began by studying the history of the building, evaluating the site, and studying the architecture of the building. I conducted a series of conditional studies based on the architecture of the building to analyze the form. I evaluated the structure, symmetry/ balance, geometry, entrances, levels, stairs, ramps, angles, and circulation of the building. Then I studied the building according to light/ dark, public/ private, loud/ quiet, warm/ cool, large space/ small space. Creating a series of concept models helped me to understand the building with its strong dissection of columns, circulation, usable areas, rhythm, and repetition. The development of a program for users' needs, square footage, and special design considerations for each area led to a series of floor plans. I then began arranging the usable areas within the building according to each areas design needs. After a study of musical instruments, I began conceptual drawings of the space. The design of the space evokes imagery of the built forms of instruments and the details they hold.
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Laporte, Jean-Francois. "Feedback : iterative research-creation processes between instrument-building, composition and performance." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2018. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/34777/.
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This text is a commentary on my preoccupations over the course of my doctoral research from 2013 to 2017. It accompanies a portfolio of works realized and submitted as part of this doctoral thesis, which looks more specifically at feedback as an iterative process between myself as instrument-builder, composer and performer. This approach, which puts sound center stage as the primary material, emphasizes the organic and bidirectional internal influences among these three creative poles. This thesis is devoted to the main subject of my doctoral research: the notion of creative feedback among instrument-builder, composer and performer. It is in five parts: 1. A definition of my principal influences and aesthetic biases; 2. A portrait outlining the connections of influence among the instrument-builder, composer and performer; 3. A discussion of relationships outside the creative process itself, that is to say the influence of other artists (composers, musicians, other instruments) in my approach to research creation; 4. A demonstration of how I use the influences of other composers, other musicians and even other artists whose works speak to and inspire me; and 5. A presentation of three concrete examples from the portfolio realized during my doctoral research The body of work submitted includes: three new instruments, two sound installations,four compositions and three comprovisations.
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Borg, Cardona Anna. "Instrument building and musical culture in seventeenth-century Malta : the luthier Mattheo Morales." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2017. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/422126/.
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By the seventeenth century, Malta had become a nucleus of cultural activity. It provides us with totally new perspectives on the production and consumption of music within a Mediterranean context. Though in some ways comparable to other European centres, its society differed in that there was a large presence of multi-national Knights of the Order of St John coming from the aristocracy of Italy, France, Auvergne, Provençe, Aragon, Castille, Léon, Portugal and Germany. Numerous Arab and Turkish slaves added to the cultural mix living in a concentrated area. This thesis uses the example of the Maltese instrument builder Mattheo Morales (1637-1698) as a lens through which to investigate musical culture in seventeenth-century Malta, addressing its connections to wider Mediterranean and European trends and its unique social and cultural circumstances. An affluent society and flourishing cultural atmosphere served as catalyst to foreign singers, instrumentalists, teachers of music and dance, and also to theatrical troupes. Morales was perfectly located in the city of Valletta, managing to carve for himself a very comfortable living, not only through his instrument building, but also by supplementing his earnings with regular investments in traders. Malta’s position in the central Mediterranean placed it at the crossroads of global trade and Morales’ transactions expose the vast web of trade routes with which he was personally connected. A meticulously detailed inventory of his goods drawn up after his death provides us with a very rare description of this craftsman’s home, with details of his furniture, furnishings, paintings, clothing, jewellery and silver items. In his workshop we find a number of different sizes of guitars, violins, sordini violins, bassi di viola, an arch guitar, a lute, a tromba marina, a spinet and also an instrument in the style of a Turkish tambura. Through his inventory and its ramifications, a broader picture of the musical life in Malta and the connectivity of the Island are made apparent. This thesis shapes our understanding of the significant cultural and musical activity taking place within a Mediterranean context.
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Weinberg-Krakowski, Isabell, and Evelina Stenseth. "Building a Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS) instrument followed bytesting the boundaries of FRET-FCS." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-297807.
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Understanding biological systems oftentimes requires mapping the behaviors of biomolecules on small scales such as single proteins or nucleic acids. Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS) is a group of particularly noninvasive and sensitive fluorescence-based techniques that can be used for this purpose. In this project an FCS-apparatus has been built and consequently used to test the boundaries of a newly developed variant of FCS called FRETFCS (Förster Resonance Energy Transfer). Unlike regular FCS, this technique employs fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) in addition to fluorescence. In practice, testing the boundaries means adding increasing amounts of FRET DNA to a mix of red respectively green marked DNA and determine the lower limit for which FRET-DNA can be detected. A functioning FCS-setup was built. When FCS and FCCS (Fluorescence Cross Correlation Spectroscopy) measurements were conducted, the desired curves for the intensity functions were generated. The result of the sensitivity analysis was that the lower limit of detectable FRET-DNA was approximately 1.3% of a sample containing FRET-DNA and single marked DNA.
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Stuber, Jon Allan. "Pieter A. Visser, organ builder : his life, work and rejuvenation of principles of classical organ building /." Thesis, Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3008253.
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Ye, Zhihui. "A low cost, accurate instrument to measure the moisture content of building envelopes in situ." Thesis, Open University, 2005. http://oro.open.ac.uk/54633/.
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Buildings must be designed and built to achieve a healthy environment, low energy consumption and a predictable service life. In order to achieve these goals the effects of combined heat, air and moisture (HAM) transfer must be understood. A suitable moisture measurement technique is thus required. There is a pressing need for a suitable instrument capable of <i>in situ</i> moisture measurements in building envelopes. Techniques do exist for such moisture measurement but all exhibit deficiencies in at least one critical area. A thermal dual-probe is investigated as a candidate for an appropriate instrument as such an approach offers significant potential benefits over existing methods. It is demonstrated, via extensive finite-element (FE) modelling, that the thermal dual-probe technique is indeed applicable to in situ moisture measurements in typical building fabrics. The thesis then moves on to deal with the optimisation of the design of such a probe. The results of relevant simulations using the proven two and three-dimensional FE models are detailed. Finally, the extensive experimental work undertaken to support the modelling work is described. The measured data obtained from the thermal dual-probes is compared with the results of series of gravimetric analyses. Close agreement between the two methods is obtained. The work, has successfully demonstrated that, depending upon the building fabric material,optimal probe lengths and spacing range from approximately 45-60mm and 12-20mm respectively. The experimental work clearly indicates that the thermal dual-probe is capable of accurate, <i>in situ</i> moisture measurements in building envelopes.
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Chantler, John. "No Such Array : Developing a material and practice for electronic music performance." Thesis, Kungl. Musikhögskolan, Institutionen för komposition, dirigering och musikteori, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kmh:diva-4170.
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I have been designing and building a set of battery powered hybrid synthesizer speaker objects that can be deployed in any location without the need for any additional infrastructure. Composing for and performing with the resulting system has become the focus of my artistic practice. This project brings together my interests in composition, design, synthesis, politics and performance to investigate new methods for performing and experiencing electronic music. The work takes the idea of the impossibility of an objective listener as its starting position and generates environments that give agency to the listener to create their own sonic experience of a given space. It also engages in questions of power and how this practice might work throughits entanglement in various power relations as a minor practice by introducing and opening up the conditions of possibility for other actions. This thesis traces the aesthetic roots of my undertaking in the work of others, including Okkyung Lee, Rie Nakajima, Tetsuya Umeda, Marginal Consort, Tony Conrad and Luc Ferrari. It also details my own experience creating work for the GRM's Acous- monium, the series of decisions made in creating my own alternative speaker orchestra, and the practical process of situated learning2 that I have undertaken to develop a performance practice via three stagings: at Röda Sten Konsthall in Göteborg, within a pedestrian underpass running below the E4 national highway, and at Järvafältet Nature Reserve, north of Stockholm.
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Brossa, Balcells Marc. "Building an architecture of everyday life in South Korea: mass housing estates in Seoul as an instrument of modernization, 1962-2008." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668983.
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The mass housing estates – apat’u tanji in Korean – that were developed in Seoul during the second half of the twentieth century are the most characteristic spatial practice of the South Korean modernization project. They are not just a passive outcome of economic and urbanization processes, but an active political means of introducing new economic and social structures within the modernizing project of the developmental regime, with a radical impact on the transformation of the city and society. Thus, they function at two interrelated levels: as the building blocks of a modern project of city-making in physical terms (an urbanizing mechanism), and as a means of constructing a modern urban society and way of life (a socializing mechanism).
Mass housing estates have been instrumental in shaping all the settings of everyday life, from the urban scale to residential neighborhoods and domestic habitats.
Although an estimated 53% of the population of Seoul lives in mass housing estates, they are not considered a disciplinary subject. They are largely disregarded as banal by the architectural community and often criticized from a sociological, economic or policy perspective. This research questions that assumed banality and inquiries into the spatial and organizational logics behind the apparent normality of these estates.
The thesis approaches them as an architectural topic and proposes a methodology to identify, describe, interpret and criticize them from a disciplinary stance at different scales: the scale of the city, the scale of the housing estate and the scale of the building type or residential unit. These three scales determine the basic structure of the research.
The findings demonstrate that the implementation of mass housing in Seoul has not been a homogeneous process. Instead, it has followed different rationales over the study period. The housing problem was understood at urban scale simply as the quantitative provision of housing units. The complexes did not contribute to the formation and organization of urban space and remained as isolated fragments that are partially coordinated with other processes of urban growth, the existing city and the natural context. Nevertheless, the systematization of planning processes and formal models for the provision of housing units at a massive scale were consolidated into a technology that normalized the construction of entire urban fragments.
At the scale of the housing estate, relevant innovations were produced for a brief period with the introduction of site planning strategies based on residential clusters. The development of a standardized unit type also yielded an innovative modern layout which hybridizes global housing models with local understanding of domesticity, privacy, posture and comfort.
The thesis evidences how, ultimately, the shift to private development at the end of the 1980s prevented further development of the mass housing model. Today, apat’u tanji have become spatial organizational protocols that standardize the built environment at different scales. Site planning strategies and unit types developed earlier under the patronage of the public housing authority were captured by the market and pressed into service without their original community-building agendas or theoretical bases.<br>Els polígons residencials -o apat’u tanji en coreà- construïts a Seül durant la segona meitat del segle XX són la pràctica espacial més característica del projecte modernitzador de Corea del Sud. No són només el subproducte passiu de processos econòmics i urbanitzadors, sinó una estratègia política activa amb l’objectiu d'introduir noves estructures econòmiques i socials dins del projecte modernitzador del règim desenvolupamentalista, i han tingut un impacte radical en la transformació de la ciutat i la societat. Així, operen a dos nivells interrelacionats: com a pilars del projecte modern de fer ciutat en termes físics (un mecanisme d’urbanització), i com a mitjà per a donar forma a una societat i un estil de vida urbans moderns (un mecanisme de socialització). Els polígons d'habitatge massiu han estat essencials per definir diferents àmbits de la vida quotidiana, des de l’escala urbana, passant per l’escala dels barris residencials, fins els hàbitats domèstics. Malgrat que es calcula que un 53% de la població de Seül viu en polígons residencials, no són considerats com un tema disciplinar per la comunitat arquitectònica. Són menystinguts per la seva percebuda banalitat i estudiats majoritàriament des d’una perspectiva sociològica, econòmica o política. La recerca posa en dubte aquesta suposada banalitat i s’interessa per les lògiques espacials i organitzatives ocultes darrere l’aparent normalitat dels polígons d’habitatge massiu. La tesi els aborda com un tema arquitectònic i proposa una metodologia per identificar-los, descriure’ls, interpretar-los i criticar-los des de la disciplina a diferents escales: a l'escala de la ciutat; a l'escala de la parcel·la; i a l’escala del tipus edificatori-unitat residencial. Aquests tres àmbits determinen l’estructura bàsica de la investigació. Els resultats de la recerca demostren que l’adopció de polígons d’habitatge massiu per respondre a la manca crònica d’habitatge durant gran part del segle XX no ha estat un procés homogeni. Els polígons han adoptat una varietat de papers urbans, s’han destinat a diversos públics i han seguit diferents lògiques de posicionament dins la ciutat durant el període d’estudi. El problema de l’habitatge va ser entès a escala urbana simplement com la provisió quantitativa d’unitats residencials, de manera que els polígons no han contribuït a la formació i l’Organització de l'espai urbà. Han romàs com a fragments urbans aïllats, només integrats de forma parcial amb altres processos de creixement urbà, amb la ciutat existent i amb el context natural. No obstant, la sistematització de processos de planificació i de models formals per a la provisió d'unitats d’habitatge a gran escala es va consolidar en una tecnologia que va normalitzar la construcció unitària de fragments urbans sencers. A l’escala del planejament dels polígons es van produir innovacions rellevants durant un breu període amb la introducció d'estratègies d'ordenació basades en clústers d’edificis residencials. El desenvolupament d’una unitat residencial estandarditzada també va donar lloc a una tipologia moderna i innovadora que hibrida models d’habitatge globals amb formes autòctones d'entendre la domesticitat, la comoditat, l’ús del pla del sòl i la privacitat. La tesi evidencia com la transició vers el desenvolupament privat a finals dels anys vuitanta va torbar l’evolució del model d’habitatge massiu a Corea del Sud. Avui dia, els apat’u tanji han esdevingut protocols d’organització espacial que estandarditzen l’entorn construït a diferents escales. Els sistemes d’ordenació i les tipologies residencials desenvolupats anteriorment sota la direcció de l’administració pública van ser apropiats pel mercat sense tenir en compte els objectius socials i els continguts teòrics originals.
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Cranston, Kayla A. Cranston. "Building & Measuring Psychological Capacity for Biodiversity Conservation." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1472034188.
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Newell, Ashley Michelle. "Does capability measurement enable aspiration during emergent adulthood? Examining 'Poverty Stoplight' as a poverty measurement and capability building instrument for youth in South Africa." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32315.
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In South Africa, the majority of youth entering emerging adulthood find themselves in a protracted struggle to access further education, training or to secure their first decent job. The purpose of this multi-case study is to deepen the understanding of how capability measurement approaches and tools can empower marginalized youth to better understand their aspirations and map their way through emerging adulthood and out of poverty. This research aims to deepen the understanding of youth's experience utilizing 'Poverty Stoplight'; a poverty measurement and capability building instrument that utilizes a self-assessment survey and mentorship methodology. The researcher utilized a youth-focused participatory approach in conducting focus groups and in-depth one-on-one interviews across five marginalized communities in the Western Cape to gain insight into their experience using the tool, their ability to envision their future selves and develop their aspirations. What emerged from the data were insights into the youth's aspirations, the perceived enabling factors and impediments towards their aspirations and their experiences utilizing Poverty Stoplight. This process enabled youth to genuinely reflect and assess their situation, and have the opportunity to define their aspirations. Overall the Poverty Stoplight programme was experienced as empowering by participants, with several implications for the programme pertaining to data accessibility, communication, mentorship and solution sharing, as well as the importance of youth-specific participatory approaches. Aligned to this, the findings yielded several recommendations pertaining to providing support and enabling opportunities for emerging adults to realise their aspirations. Despite the limitations of this research, this study is relevant for stakeholders in South Africa and globally as it examines the critical issue of youth development, with a focus on the ability of young people to attain their aspirations. Further, it analyses the capability measurement approach as a means to ensuring young people can better understand and plot their way out of poverty, making the most of their individual capabilities and attributes within the broader structural and systemic challenges they face. This exploration of practical tools and methodologies being developed and utilized by pioneering organisations in the South African context provides empirical evidence of the merit of such approaches, with recommendations on how tools and approaches can even better serve the needs of youth. Further, longitudinal research is merited into the use of such capability measurement approaches to empower youth and the further use of participatory methodologies.
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Walker-Egea, Connie F. "Design and Validation of an Evaluation Checklist for Organizational Readiness for Evaluation Capacity Development." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5399.
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Evaluation capacity development (ECD) has been acknowledged as a system of processes to help organizations achieve sustainable evaluation practice. Examining the existing evaluation capacity of an organization before starting an ECD process is necessary and will increase the possibilities of success, determined by the establishment or strengthening of an evaluation system into the organization. In response to this need, this study involved the designing of the Organizational Readiness for Evaluation Capacity Development (ORECD) checklist and its initial validation, using a mixed method research design. The study was conducted in four phases, including: (a) the design of the ORECD checklist based on a review of the literature; (b) a review of the ORECD checklist by five experts to obtain face and content validity evidences, with emphasis on relevance and clarity of the items and how well the items fit the corresponding component; (c) a pretesting about the appropriateness of the wording of the items and format of the ORECD checklist by a sample of doctoral graduate students with formal training in evaluation and professional evaluators; and (d) a field study with 32 nonprofit organizations to determine the utility and benefits of using the ORECD checklist and potential improvements to the instrument. This phase generated information about the psychometric properties as well as consequential validity evidence. Findings indicated that the ORECD checklist has great potential to determine the readiness of an organization to develop evaluation capacity, as demonstrated by the feedback received from various groups of participants, establishing face, content, and consequential validity. Results from the psychometric analysis showed correlations that, for the most part, suggested that the components are measuring aspects of the same construct. In addition, the alpha for most of the components supported the reliability of the ORECD checklist. The two components with alphas close to but below .70 required modifications in order to improve their reliability. Also, it was necessary to modify or reword some of the items. Ongoing efforts should provide information about how the changes made to the ORECD checklist are working and additional validity evidences as the one that can be obtained through factor analysis. This will allow the exploration of the underlying structure of the ORECD checklist and its components. It is expected that the ORECD checklist can be a contribution to the body of literature about ECD helping to address organizational readiness in order to support and sustain the development of evaluation capacity within organizations.
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Teinaz, Yunes Ramadan. "Environmental conduciveness for building a rural co-operative institution as an instrument of agricultural development : 'a study of three regions of Libya- Jefara, Benghazi and Fezzan'." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240793.
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Ali, Syed Mahmud. "Nation-building and the nature of conflict in South Asia : a search for patterns in the use of force as a political instrument within and between the states of the region." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319383.
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Eketorp, Samuel, and Bromhed Stefan Sundin. "Tidpunkten för marköverlåtelser som styrinstrument vid kommunala markanvisningar : En jämförelse av förfaranden som tillämpas i Örebro och Gävle." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för Industriell utveckling, IT och Samhällsbyggnad, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-19840.
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Denna studie har gjorts i syfte att utreda vilka effekter som kommun, byggherre och bank upplever då en exploateringsfastighet överlåts till en byggherre först efter att byggnationer påbörjats inom ramen för en kommunal markanvisning. Studien har gjorts på förslag av Gävle kommun som sökt svar på om en överlåtelsetidpunkt efter byggstart kan vara ett instrument att uppnå rätt resultat då exploatering görs på kommunalt ägd mark. För att belysa effekterna har studien gjorts genom jämförelse av hur aktörer upplever förfarandet som tillämpas av Örebro kommun med hur aktörer upplever förfarandet som tillämpas av Gävle kommun. I Örebro kommun genomförs marköverlåtelsen till byggherren först efter att byggnationer påbörjats på fastigheten. I Gävle kommun sker normalt överlåtelsen innan byggstart även om svävarvillkor ibland förekommer vilket fördröjer byggherrens möjlighet att erhålla lagfart. För att förstå hur aktörerna kommun, byggherre och bank upplever effekterna har (1) semi-strukturerade, kvalitativa telefonintervjuer gjorts med aktörer på respektive orter. (2) Avtal om markanvisning har granskats för att förstå hur kommunerna reglerar sina respektive överlåtelsetidpunkter. Resultatet visar att tidpunkten för exploateringsfastighetens överlåtelse kan användas som instrument att förhindra spekulation med kommunalt ägd mark. Resultatet visar också att mindre byggherrar behöver mer egna medel för att klara ökade kostnader i exploateringsprocessens tidiga skeden som följd av att byggnationer behöver påbörjas innan finansiering genom byggnadskreditiv finns på plats. Av de svar som erhållits från banker indikeras att tidpunkten som sådan inte har någon betydelse för bankens möjlighet att ställa ut ett byggnadskreditiv, så länge banken kan erbjudas tillräcklig säkerhet. Utöver panträtt i fast egendom kan vissa banker godta en moderbolagsborgen som säkerhet. Som medel att förhindra markspekulation kan också köpets bestånd göras beroende av att byggnationer påbörjas på exploateringsfastigheten. I det fallet påbörjas överlåtelseprocessen innan byggstart med ett giltigt köpekontrakt och panträtt kan upplåtas i fastigheten med den lagfarna ägarens medgivande. Det kommunala målet att säkerställa rätt resultat förefaller snarare vara beroende av kommunala förvaltningars samordning och hur exploateringsprocessen bedrivs i sin helhet.<br>This study has been conducted to investigate how municipalities, developers and banks perceive the effects of having to commence construction as a prerequisite for vesting of the real estate to be developed, within the scope of municipal land allocations. The municipality of Gävle suggested the study as they sought to establish if the time of vestment, as an activity in the land developing process, could be used as an instrument to ensure the correct results of such a process. The study was conducted as a comparison between the municipalities of Gävle and Örebro and how stakeholders in the respective areas perceive the effects. In the municipality of Örebro real estate is vested to the developer once construction work on the property has commenced. In the municipality of Gävle the real estate is normally vested prior to commencement of construction work. In some cases, however, full ownership rights are delayed by means of contractual conditions requiring the developer to commence construction work for the contract to become fully valid, and thus allowing the developer to receive the title deed. To understand how the stakeholders municipality, developers and banks perceive the effects, (1) semi-structured qualitative telephone interviews have been conducted across the mentioned stakeholder groups in both locations. (2) Contracts of land allocation have been studied to understand how the time of vesting is regulated by both municipalities. The results show that the time of vesting of the real estate to be developed can be used as an instrument to prevent speculation with publicly owned property. The results also show that small scale land developers require more funds to cope with increased costs that result from the inability to receive building loans using the real estate as security for such funding. Interview answers from banks imply that the time of vesting the real estate to be developed is of no importance to them as long as sufficient security can be offered towards building loan funding. Apart from liens in real estate, parent company guarantees were mentioned as a possible alternative. As a means to prevent land speculation, contract clauses delaying the title deed to be transferred until commencement of construction, may be used. In this case the vesting process is initiated prior to commencement of construction using a valid contract, and a lien in the real estate to be developed can be offered to the bank with the permission of the municipality as the title deed holder. The aim of the municipality to ensure the correct results of the development process appears to be more dependent on how the council boards interact and how the land development process is carried out in its entirety.
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Al-Shawwa, Nasser. "Rapid estimation of earthquake damage on instrumented steel frame buildings using simplified tools: towards 'city scale' building simulation." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=119465.
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In the context of Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering (PBEE) there is an increasing need for the development of rapid damage assessment methodologies for buildings that will enable stakeholders to take informed decisions for management of rescue resources, for reliable estimation of economic losses after an earthquake event in an urban area and for seismic rehabilitation of damaged infrastructure. An important difficulty to assess the post-earthquake functionality of a steel building is the fact that after an earthquake a detailed engineering inspection is typically required. These inspections cause long delays in getting back to operational stage even in those buildings that would most likely be classified as safe and functional after the inspection. This research thesis proposes a computationally efficient methodology for rapid earthquake damage on instrumented steel buildings located in an urban area that can facilitate these needs. A continuous model is employed as part of the proposed methodology that is calibrated within seconds with a computationally efficient optimization scheme, which uses an improved version of a general pattern search in combination with the modal minimization method. Based on the calibrated numerical model, the maximum story drift profile along the height of an instrumented steel building is obtained, given the recorded earthquake response at the instrumented floors of the same building. This drift profile is then used with drift-based fragility curves that express the probability of reaching or exceeding pre-described damage states in pre-qualified beam-to-column fully restraint moment connections. The proposed methodology is validated with a number of instrumented steel frame buildings located in a highly seismic urban area that experienced an actual earthquake event. Results show near perfect mapping of structural damage for light, intermediate and severely damaged steel frame buildings after a comparison with the actual damage inspections of the same buildings after the earthquake. The proposed methodology for rapid earthquake damage assessment on instrumented buildings is employed to demonstrate the concept of city-scale building simulation to facilitate emergency actions after a seismic event in an urban area. For this reason, we employed data from 22 stations in California that recorded the 1994 Northridge earthquake. Generalized structural damage maps are developed with the use of GIS for steel frame buildings around the Los Angeles area to illustrate the concept of "city-scale" structural damage assessment. The utilization of the proposed methodology is also demonstrated through an Android cell-phone application that has been developed that allows a structural engineer to conduct a qualitative structural damage assessment of an instrumented steel building after an earthquake on-the-fly while being on the building site.<br>Dans le contexte de la conception parasismique basée sur la performance (PBEE), il existe un besoin de développer des méthodes rapides d'évaluation de l'endommagement des bâtiments qui permettront aux intervenants de prendre des décisions éclairées dans leur gestion des ressources de sauvetage, l'estimation fiable des pertes économiques suite à un tremblement de terre dans une zone urbaine, ou bien la réhabilitation sismique des infrastructures endommagées. L'une des plus grandes difficultés rencontrées lors de l'évaluation de la fonctionnalité d'un bâtiment à ossature d'acier se présente lors de l'inspection technique détaillée, généralement requise suite à un tremblement de terre important. Ces inspections peuvent occasionner de longs retards avant le retour à la phase opérationnelle, et ce même lorsqu'un bâtiment est classé sécuritaire et fonctionnel. Pour pallier ces délais, cette thèse propose une méthodologie de calcul efficace qui permettra d'estimer rapidement la réponse maximale et le niveau d'endommagement probable d'un bâtiment en acier instrumenté dans une zone urbaine suite à un tremblement de terre de courte durée. Un modèle continu étalonné en quelques secondes avec un schéma d'optimisation de calcul efficace est proposé.. Le modèle utilise une version améliorée d'un modèle général de recherche ainsi que la méthode de minimisation modale. En appliquant le modèle numérique calibré aux réponses enregistrées aux étages instrumentés d'un bâtiment, il est possible d'obtenir le profil de déplacement inter-étage maximum. Ce profil est ensuite utilisé avec des courbes de fragilité qui indiquent la probabilité d'atteindre ou dépasser les états endommagés dans une connexion pré-qualifiée pour résister aux moments à l'intersection de la poutre et de la colonne. La méthodologie proposée est validée par un certain nombre de bâtiments instrumentés de type cadre en acier situés dans une zone hautement sismique en milieu urbain qui a subi un tremblement de terre. La comparaison entre les résultats du modèle et les dommages réels des bâtiments inspectés après le tremblement de terre indique une cartographie presque parfaite des dommages structuraux pour les bâtiments en acier avec des niveaux d'endommagement faible, intermédiaire et sévère. La méthodologie proposée pour l'évaluation rapide des dommages liés aux tremblements de terre sur les bâtiments instrumentés est utilisée pour illustrer le concept de "simulation des dommages à l'échelle urbaine" pour faciliter le déploiement des mesures d'urgence après un séisme. Pour cette application, nous avons utilisé les données de 22 stations situées en Californie qui ont enregistré le tremblement de terre de 1994 à Northridge. Des cartes répertoriant les dommages structuraux sont développées avec l'utilisation des SIG pour les bâtiments à ossature en acier autour de la région de Los Angeles. Il a été démontré que l'utilisation de la méthode proposée est également possible grâce à une application sur téléphone portable Android et qui permet à un ingénieur en structure de procéder à une évaluation qualitative "à la volée".
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Roohi, Milad. "Performance-Based Seismic Monitoring of Instrumented Buildings." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2019. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/1140.
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This dissertation develops a new concept for performance-based monitoring (PBM) of instrumented buildings subjected to earthquakes. This concept is achieved by simultaneously combining and advancing existing knowledge from structural mechanics, signal processing, and performance-based earthquake engineering paradigms. The PBM concept consists of 1) optimal sensor placement, 2) dynamic response reconstruction, 3) damage estimation, and 4) loss analysis. Within the proposed concept, the main theoretical contribution is the derivation of a nonlinear model-based observer (NMBO) for state estimation in nonlinear structural systems. The NMBO employs an efficient iterative algorithm to combine a nonlinear model and limited noise-contaminated response measurements to estimate the complete nonlinear dynamic response of the structural system of interest, in the particular case of this research, a building subject to an earthquake. The main advantage of the proposed observer over existing nonlinear recursive state estimators is that it is specifically designed to be physically realizable as a nonlinear structural model. This results in many desirable properties, such as improved stability and efficiency.
Additionally, a practical methodology is presented to implement the proposed PBM concept in the case of instrumented steel, wood-frame, and reinforced concrete buildings as the three main types of structural systems used for construction in the United States. The proposed methodology is validated using three case studies of experimental and real-world large-scale instrumented buildings. The first case study is an extensively instrumented six-story wood frame building tested in a series of full-scale seismic tests in the final phase of the NEESWood project at the E-Defense facility in Japan. The second case study is a 6-story steel moment resisting frame building located in Burbank, CA, and uses the recorded acceleration data from the 1991 Sierra Madre and 1994 Northridge earthquakes. The third case is a seven-story reinforced concrete structure in Van Nuys, CA, which was severely damaged during the 1994 Northridge earthquake.
The results presented in this dissertation constitute the most accurate and the highest resolution seismic response and damage measure estimates obtained for instrumented buildings. The proposed PBM concept will help structural engineers make more informed and swift decisions regarding post-earthquake assessment of critical instrumented building structures, thus improving earthquake resiliency of seismic-prone communities.
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Sarlo, Rodrigo. "High-Resolution, High-Frequency Modal Analysis for Instrumented Buildings." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/84477.
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Civil infrastructure failure is hard to predict, both in terms of occurrence and impact. This is due to combination of many factors, including highly variable environmental and operational conditions, complex construction and materials, and the sheer size of these structures. Often, the mitigation strategy is visual inspection and regular maintenance, which can be time-consuming and may not address root causes of failure. One potential solution to anticipating infrastructure failure and mitigating its consequences is the use of distributed sensors to monitor the physical state of a structure, an area of research known commonly as structural health monitoring, or SHM. This approach can be applied in a variety of contexts: safety during and after natural disasters, evaluation of building construction quality and life-cycle assessment for performance based design frameworks.
In one way or another, SHM methods always require a ``baseline,'' a set of physical features which describes the behavior of a healthy structure. Often, the baseline is defined in terms of modal parameters: natural frequencies, damping ratios, and mode shapes. Although changes in modal parameters are indicative of structural damage, they are also indicative of a slew of non-damage factors, such as signal-to-noise ratio, environmental conditions, and the characteristics of forces exciting the structure. In many cases, the degree of observed modal parameter changes due to non-damage factors can be much greater than that due to damage itself. This is especially true of low-frequency modal parameters. For example, the fundamental frequency of a building is more sensitive to global influences like temperature than local structural changes like a cracked column.
It has been proposed that extracting modal parameters at higher frequencies may be the key to improving the damage-sensitivity of SHM methods. However, for now, modal analysis of civil structures has been limited to low frequency ambient excitation and sparse sensor networks, due to practical limitations. Two key components for high-frequency modal analysis have yet to be studied: 1) Sufficient excitation at high frequencies and 2) high-resolution (high sensor density) measurements. The unifying goal of this work is to expand modal analysis in these two areas by applying novel instrumentation and experimental methods to two full-scale buildings, Goodwin Hall and Ernest Cockrell Jr. Hall. This enables realistic, practical insights into the limitations and benefits of the high-frequency SHM approach. Throughout, analyses are supported through the novel integration of uncertainty quantification techniques which so far has been under-utilized in the field.
This work is divided into three experimental areas, with approaches centering on the identification of modal parameters. The first area is the application of high spacial resolution sensor networks in combination to ambient vibration testing. The second is the implementation of a robust automation and monitoring strategy for complex dynamic structures. The third is the testing of a novel method for performing experimental modal analysis on buildings emph{in situ}. The combination of results from these experiments emphasizes key challenges in establishing reliable high-frequency, high-resolution modal parameter ``baselines'' for structural health monitoring (SHM) of civil infrastructure.
The first study presented in this work involved the identification of modal parameters from a five-story building, Goodwin Hall, using operational modal analysis (OMA) on ambient vibration data. The analysis began with a high spacial density network of 98 accelerometers, later expanding this number to 117. A second extensional study then used this data as reference to implement a novel automation method, enabling the identification of long-term patterns in the building's response behavior. Three dominant sources of ambient excitation were identified for Goodwin Hall: wind, human-induced loading, and consistent low-level vibrations from machinery, etc. It was observed that the amplitude of excitation, regardless of source, had significant effects on the estimated natural frequencies and damping ratios. Namely, increased excitation translated to lower natural frequencies and higher damping. In addition, the sources had different characteristics in terms of excitation direction and bandwidth, which contributed to significantly different results depending on the ambient excitation employed. This has significant implications for ambient-based methods that assume that all ambient vibrations are broadband random noise.
The third and final study demonstrated the viability of emph{in situ} seismic testing for controlled excitation of full-scale civil structures, also known as experimental modal analysis (EMA). The study was performed by exciting Ernest Cockrell Jr. Hall in Austin, Texas with both vertical and lateral ground waves from seismic shaker truck, T-Rex. The EMA results were compared to a standard operational modal analysis (OMA) procedure which relies on passive ambient vibrations. The study focused on a frequency bandwidth from 0 to 11 Hz, which was deemed high frequency for such a massive structure. In cases were coherence was good, the confidence comparable or better than OMA, with the added advantage that the EMA tests took only a fraction of the time. The ability to control excitation direction in EMA enabled the identification of new structural information that was not observed OMA. It is proposed that the combination of high spacial resolution instrumentation and emph{in situ} excitation have the potential to achieve reliable high-frequency characterization, which are not only more sensitive to local damage but also, in some cases, less sensitive to variations in the excitation conditions.<br>Ph. D.
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Thornton, Douglas Anthony. "High Fidelity Localization and Map Building from an Instrumented Probe Vehicle." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1483637485442285.
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Pugh, Alan James. "An optical displacement monitor for the measurement of low frequency vibrations." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335511.
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De, Wouters De Bouchout Charlotte. "Le renforcement des capacités entre autonomisation et contrôle: le cas de la politique publique de lutte contre le VIH/SIDA au Sénégal." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209266.
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Le renforcement des capacités favorise-t-il le contrôle ou l’autonomisation ?Est-il un moyen ou une fin ?Le renforcement des capacités est un objet d’étude contemporain qui génère de nombreux débats. Cette thèse y apporte une contribution en analysant le contenu et la portée des processus de renforcement des capacités développés par et pour les acteurs de la société civile engagés dans la mise en œuvre de la politique publique de lutte contre le VIH/SIDA au Sénégal. Partant du postulat théorique selon lequel le renforcement des capacités peut être considéré comme un instrument de politique publique, la thèse analyse l’hypothèse selon laquelle l’idéologie prédominante, New Public Management d’une part ou Empowerment d’une part, et le couplage ou non avec l’instrument de subvention, influencent de manière déterminante la nature et les résultats des processus de renforcement des capacités. Au travers d’une approche empirique, les effets et influences parfois contradictoires de l’instrument, oscillant entre renforcement du contrôle et renforcement de l’autonomie selon les objectifs et stratégies mises en place par les divers acteurs du niveau international au niveau local (bailleurs de fonds internationaux, ONG nationales, OCB/Associations locales), sont mis en évidence.<br>Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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MERCKEL, LOIC ADRIEN LOUIS. "Information Grounding Suite for Building a Situated Knowledge Management System in the Domain of Complex Instruments." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/120376.
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Kasey, Jennifer Channel. "Building cultural competence in health care professionals : an instrumental case study of nursing students /." Full-text of dissertation on the Internet (673.46 KB), 2010. http://www.lib.jmu.edu/general/etd/2010/doctorate/kaseyjc/kaseyjc_doctorate_04-16-2010-03.pdf.
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Teodoro, Maria Inês Tavares de Matos. "O código de obras como instrumento regulatório de eficiência energética em edificações residenciais: proposições para o município de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/86/86131/tde-20072012-121526/.
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A conjuntura nacional de crescimento econômico e populacional aliada aos programas habitacionais de combate ao déficit de moradias deixa antever o contínuo aumento da demanda energética no setor residencial, que deve ser alvo de políticas públicas de promoção de eficiência energética. O objetivo da presente dissertação é investigar o potencial do Código de Obras e Edificações (COE) do Município de São Paulo enquanto instrumento regulatório de promoção de eficiência energética e apresentar sugestões com vista à revisão do atual documento. Para tal dividiu-se a pesquisa em três temas: fatores que explicam o consumo energético (direto e indireto) das edificações e estratégias de minimização desse consumo; caracterização dos códigos de eficiência energética em edificações (CEEE), com destaque para o Código de Obras, e panorama internacional e brasileiro relativamente à sua adoção; caracterização do consumo energético do Município de São Paulo e análise dos requisitos de eficiência energética no atual COE. Atendendo à elevada taxa de novas construções e ao estoque de edifícios obsoletos com potencial de retrofitting defende-se que o Código de Obras, pela sua abrangência e obrigatoriedade, constitui um instrumento regulatório adequado à promoção da eficiência energética no setor de edificações no Município de São Paulo e sugere-se a revisão do atual COE com vista à introdução de requisitos de eficiência energética. Entre as sugestões apresentadas contam-se a segmentação das medidas dirigidas às moradias de interesse social e às chamadas edificações de mercado, definição de limites máximos para o valor de transmitância térmica dos elementos opacos da envoltória (paredes e cobertura) em ambientes condicionados e não condicionados e a exigência de um nível mínimo de eficiência energética para edificações e equipamentos instalados. Como contribuição da presente pesquisa cabe ainda destacar o cálculo da intensidade energética por unidade de área construída nos setores residencial e comercial no Município de São Paulo, indicador em falta na literatura e dados oficiais publicados.<br>The national economic and population growth in association with the housing programs to combat housing deficit are expected to result in future increase of energy demand in the residential sector. Considering the already high contribution of the building sector in the electricity consumption of Brazil, the development of policy measures aiming to promote energy efficiency in the sector should be encouraged. The main objective of this research is to investigate the potential of the Building Code (BC) of São Paulo municipality as a regulatory instrument to promote energy efficiency and make suggestions to revise it. To this end, the paper is divided in three parts: factors that explain the energy consumption (direct and indirect) of buildings and strategies to minimize it; characterization of Building Energy Efficiency Codes (BEEC) and the Brazilian and international panorama regarding its adoption; energy consumption of São Paulo municipality and analysis of energy efficiency requirements in the current BC. As a mandatory and comprehensive regulatory instrument, Building Codes are adequate do promote energy efficiency given the local reality of high annual rates of construction and the significant stock of old buildings which could benefit from retrofitting. Suggestions to a revision process of the BC of São Paulo Municipality include segmentation of energy efficient requirements according to social economic profile of buildings, definition of overall heat transfer coefficient values (U-factor) for building envelope components (walls and roof) of conditioned and non-conditioned areas, and definition of minimum energy efficiency levels for buildings and equipments. Additional contribution of this research includes estimation of electricity use per square meter of building floor area, for the residential and commercial sectors in São Paulo municipality.
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Upsall, Sarah Beth. "Instrumental intensity scales for geotechnical and structural damage /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10191.
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Vaz, Amali L. "Building a better flat-field : an instrumental calibration projector for the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65435.
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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2011.<br>This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.<br>Cataloged from student submitted PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 125-126).<br>The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) is a next-generation ground-based survey telescope whose science objectives demand photometric precision at the 1% level. Recent efforts towards 1% photometry have advocated in-situ instrumental calibration schemes that use a calibrated detector, rather than a celestial source, as the fundamental reference point for all measurements of system throughput. Results have been promising, but report systematic errors due to stray and scattered light from the flat-field screens used. The LSST calibration scheme replaces the traditional Lambertian-scattering flat-field screen with an array of projectors whose light is constrained in angle, thereby minimizing scattered light incident on the detector. This thesis presents the construction and testing of a single prototype projector within the LSST array. In particular, we evaluate the use of Engineered Diffusers to define the angular radiance of incident light, and of either a Fresnel lens or parabolic mirror to collimate that light. We find that flat-top Engineered Diffusers produce light that is constrained in angle, but which shows persistent pixel-to-pixel non-uniformity at the 5-10% level, and colorto- color non-uniformity at the 5-15% level; unless compensated, chromatic non-uniformity renders them unsuitable for our purposes. The additional chromatic aberrations introduced by Fresnel lens collimators render such transmissive collimators infeasible. Nevertheless, we demonstrate the soundness of the flat-field projector concept by constructing an alternative projector prototype, based on an integrating sphere, that satisfies each criterion well within our tolerances. The magnitude of improvement granted by the integrating sphere projector suggests that future work further investigate this approach.<br>by Amali L. Vaz.<br>S.B.
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Baganha, Ana Paula de Souza. "O TEATRO COMO POSSIBILIDADE DE SER (OU NAO) INSTRUMENTO DE FORTALECIMENTO DE VÍNCULO FAMILIAR." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2015. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/2194.
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Previous issue date: 2015-04-16<br>This paper aims to describe and analyze the activities of the Youth House of
Pe. Burnier (CAJU) - Institute of Training, Consultancy and Tesearch Trainee - in
Goiânia, Goiás, in the period 2013-2014, and its contribution to the strengthening of
family and social ties. So think fit the theater as a political strategy for youth, from the
fulfillment of the objectives proposed by the Organic Law on Social Assistance
(LOAS), the National Social Assistance Policy (PNAS) and the Basic Operational
Norm-Unified Assistance System Social (NOB-SUAS), based on analysis of
categories such as social policy, social issues, philanthropy, social work and art of
the theater, to rethink the reality and question the status quo. For this, theater
practices were analyzed as a possibility to be (or not) link-building tool, with the axis
guiding reference sources on the subject and the historical survey to understand the
events leading up to social welfare policy, the system capitalist and its effects on
society. The results pointed to the coping of social vulnerabilities from the
perspective of rights, thus becoming a challenging proposal, focusing on users in the
construction and reconstruction of their stories, both at the individual and collective,
family and social. Thus, it was possible to observe how the link building service
allows to consider the theater as a tool and action strategy for understanding the
theatrical art contributes to enlarge the social and cultural horizons at different stages
of human life in the light of policy social and human rights.<br>Esta dissertação busca descrever e analisar as atividades desenvolvidas pela
Casa da Juventude Pe. Burnier (CAJU) - Instituto de Formação, Assessoria e
Pesquisa Juvenil - na cidade de Goiânia, Goiás, no período de 2013 a 2014, e sua
contribuição para o fortalecimento de vínculo familiar e social. Sendo assim, coube
pensar o teatro como estratégia política para a juventude, a partir do cumprimento
dos objetivos propostos pela Lei Orgânica da Assistência Social (LOAS), pela
Política Nacional de Assistência Social (PNAS) e pela Norma Operacional
Básica-Sistema Único de Assistência Social (NOB-SUAS), fundamentados em
categorias de análise como política social, questão social, filantropia, assistência
social e arte do teatro, para repensar a realidade e questionar seu status quo. Para
isso, as práticas de teatro foram analisadas como possibilidade de ser (ou não)
instrumento de fortalecimento de vínculo, tendo como eixo norteador fontes de
referência no assunto e o levantamento histórico para compreender os
acontecimentos que antecedem a política de assistência social, o sistema capitalista
e seu reflexo na sociedade. Os resultados obtidos apontaram para as formas de
enfrentamento das vulnerabilidades sociais sob a ótica de direitos, constituindo-se
em uma proposta desafiadora, com foco nos usuários, na construção e reconstrução
de suas histórias, tanto no âmbito individual quanto coletivo, familiar e social. Desse
modo, foi possível observar como o serviço de fortalecimento de vínculo permite
pensar o teatro como instrumento e estratégia de atuação por entender que a arte
teatral contribui para ampliar os horizontes sociais e culturais nas diversas fases da
vida do ser humano, à luz da política social e dos Direitos Humanos.
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Silva, Givaldo Barbosa da. "As certificações como instrumento ético de sustentabilidade ambiental em edificações da construção civil." Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente, 2014. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/4329.
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This research is focused on environmental certifications for buildings as a tool of sustainability from the perspective of environmental ethics. The intention is to contribute to the advancement of knowledge in the field of construction, particularly in its modernization through sustainability certificates in Brazil, and observe how this methodology can contribute to improving the environmental quality of urban spaces. Thus, the thesis was structured basically in five chapters or approaches. The first chapter, which has a theoretical approach, focuses on three analytical categories: nature, ethics, and environmental sustainability, which together form the conceptual ballast connection between all treated subjects. The concept of nature was analyzed from modernity, seeking to understand how this came to determine the course of human existence and as entered in society and urban space. Here, the study of ethics is centered on the challenge of solving contemporary dilemmas facing the techno-scientific advances in the struggle between man and environmental damage. The theme of environmental sustainability is built in questioning of several senses involving this issue in the counterpoint between sustainability and sustainable development, to establish its extensions, overlaps and differences between these two concepts. The second chapter deals with the construction of the sustainable city space, from its historical / urban bases to the influence of legal frameworks for their training. The third chapter investigates the response of the building industry to new environmental challenges posed by the scarcity of natural resources, the possibilities of rearrangement of their production chain and their union. The fourth deals with LEED, AQUA, ProcelEdifica e Casa Azul certifications, how it is being widespread in the country, its limits and scope.Finally, in the fifth and final chapter, there are two findings: first, we sought to demonstrate, through a comparative framework, the limited capacity of these four assessment methodologies to certify the sustainability of buildings, fitting them into two groups, namely, Environmental Certifications (Leed e ProcelEdifica) and Social and Environmental Certifications (AQUA and Casa Azul); second, we present an alternative instrument to the certifications for those who do not want or cannot link to a certifying institution but that still want to get recognition for their sustainable building practices, this instrument grounded in environmental ethics.<br>Esta pesquisa tem como objeto de estudo as certificações ambientais para edificações como um instrumento da sustentabilidade sob a perspectiva da ética ambiental. O intuito écontribuir para o avanço do conhecimento no campo da construção civil, de modo particular, na sua modernização, através de certificados de sustentabilidade no Brasil, e observar como essa metodologia pode contribuir para a melhoria da qualidade ambiental dos espaços urbanos. Desse modo, a tese foi estruturada, basicamente, em cinco abordagens ou capítulos. O primeiro capítulo, de caráter teórico, foca em três categorias analíticas: natureza, ética e sustentabilidade ambiental, as quais juntas formam o lastro conceitual de conexão entre todos os temas tratados. O conceito de natureza foi analisado a partir da modernidade, buscando-se entender como esta passou a determinar os rumos da própria existência humana e como foi inserida na sociedade e no espaço urbano. Aqui, o estudo da ética centra-se no desafio de equacionar os dilemas contemporâneos, frente aos avanços tecnocientíficos, no embate entre o homem e os danos ambientais. O tema da sustentabilidade ambiental está construído na problematização dos diversos sentidos que envolvem esta questão, no contraponto entre sustentabilidade e desenvolvimento sustentável, em estabelecer suas extensões, superposições e divergências entre estes dois conceitos. O segundo capítulotrata da construção do espaço da cidade sustentável, desde suas bases histórico/urbanas até a influência dos marcos legais sobre sua formação. O terceiro capítulo investiga a resposta da indústria da construção civil aos novos desafios ambientais impostos pela escassez dos recursos naturais, nas possibilidades de rearranjo de sua cadeia produtiva e de seu sindicato. O quarto trata das certificações Leed, AQUA, Procel Edifica e Casa Azul, como estão sendo difundidas no país, em seus limites e abrangência. Por fim, no quinto e último capítulo, há duas constatações: primeiramente, buscou-se demonstrar, através de uma estrutura comparativa, a capacidade limitada dessas quatro metodologias de avaliação em certificar a sustentabilidade de edifícios, enquadrando-as em dois grupos, a saber, Certificações ambientais (Leed e Procel Edifica) e Certificações Socioambientais (AQUA e Casa Azul);segundo, foi apresentado um instrumento alternativo às certificações para quemnão quer ou não pode se vincular a uma instituição certificadora e, mesmo assim, deseja obter o reconhecimento de suas práticas construtivas sustentáveis, instrumento esse pautado na ética ambiental.
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Nkomo, Pax D. T. "The military and nation building : a comparative study of the Nigerian and the South African military as instruments of national integration." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/13542.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.<br>After forty years of independence. African countries are still battling with the problem of nation building. This thesis examines the possibility of the military playing a direct role in ethnic integration. The variables, which may determine the military's ability to affect national integration, are the political elite, the state and society. It is found that at lower levels of development, these variables do not support the military in the direction of national integration but they do so at higher levels of development. The issue that arises from this finding is whether African countries should wait for development to occur in the hope that it will bring national integration with it. On the other hand, lack of integration causes mistrust. tensions and conflicts, which weaken the thrust to development. African countries should therefore find methods of political organization that reduce such tensions and conflicts in order to facilitate development and consequently national integration. It is this need for stability that the culturally adaptive mode of political organization is recommended for African countries.
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Carvalho, António Manuel de. "O cadeiral e o órgão do Mosteiro de S. João de Tarouca-contributo para a história da música e da arte plástica na Ordem de Cister em Portugal." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- -Universidade Lusíada, 1999. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29128.
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Sampaio, Ana Virginia Carvalhaes de Faria. "Arquitetura hospitalar: projetos ambientalmente sustentáveis, conforto e qualidade. Proposta de um instrumento de avaliação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16131/tde-23102006-175537/.
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A partir da análise dos conceitos de sustentabilidade, de arquitetura hospitalar, de conforto e qualidade, é constatada a importância da preocupação que projetos hospitalares devam ter, desde o início, com os recursos naturais e a sua adequação ao meio ambiente. Através de uma Avaliação Pós-Ocupação do Hospital Universitário de Londrina é verificado que os principais problemas detectados pelos usuários - problemas esses responsáveis pela sua insatisfação na avaliação dos ambientes - são aqueles que estão diretamente relacionados ao projeto e a sua inadequação ao local. É proposto um instrumento de avaliação, um guia que pode ser utilizado por arquitetos durante a elaboração de projetos hospitalares, na avaliação de projetos prontos e de edifícios construídos e em uso, capaz de verificar o comprometimento do projeto sob os aspectos ambientais, de conforto e qualidade, funcionais, construtivos e estéticos.<br>Starting from the analysis of the sustainability concepts, of hospitals architecture, of comfort and quality, it is verified the importance of the concern that hospitals projects should have, since the beginning, with the natural resources and its adaptation to the environment. Through a Post Occupancy Evaluation of the Hospital Universitário de Londrina it is verified that the main problems detected by the users - problems responsible for the unsatisfactory evaluation of the spaces - are those that are directly related to the project and its inadequacy to the place. It is proposed an evaluation instrument, a guide that can be used by architects during the elaboration of hospitals projects, in the evaluation of ready projects and of built buildings and in use, that can verifies the compromising of the project under the environmental aspects, of comfort and quality, functional, constructive and aesthetic.
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Amiel, Martin. "Méthode pour une optimisation du diagnostic de performance énergétique via une approche instrumentée." Thesis, Chambéry, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CHAMA007.
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L’objectif de ce travail de thèse est de fiabiliser et rendre pertinent le diagnostic de performance énergétique d'un projet de rénovation de bâtiments. Le contexte réglementaire actuel est trop simplifié pour permettre de massifier les rénovations énergétiques performantes. Actuellement, les diagnostics sont réalisés de façon à rendre comparable la performance des bâtiments sans tenir compte de l’usage, du fonctionnement et de l’environnement extérieur. Le résultat obtenu est une performance standardisée et non une image de la performance réelle du bâtiment. Les travaux préconisés à l’issue de ce diagnostic ne sont donc pas spécifiques au bâtiment et les économies qui en découlent sont entachées d’erreurs. Pour changer cela il est proposé de repenser le diagnostic énergétique en prenant en compte l’environnement extérieur, les usages, le fonctionnement réel des bâtiments ainsi que l’ensemble des incertitudes qui y sont associées. En plus des actions à mener sur l’enveloppe du bâtiment et ses équipements techniques, le diagnostic proposé intégrera aussi une analyse des usages afin de mettre en évidence un potentiel d’économies d’énergie avant travaux.Dans un premier temps, il est nécessaire de disposer d’informations sur le bâtiment :- Des informations physiques : plans, coupes, métrés, matériaux utilisés, équipements techniques en place.- Des données de consommation et d’usage : elles sont récupérées via un système d’instrumentation du bâtiment.Ces données seront par la suite utilisées pour alimenter deux outils de diagnostic. Le premier, étant une amélioration du diagnostic de performances énergétiques réglementaires. Le second portant sur l’analyse des données de consommation et d’usage du bâtiment.Afin d’améliorer le résultat de l’outil de diagnostic les postes de consommations non pris en compte seront ajoutés et les méthodologies de calculs existantes sur les postes de consommations conservés seront modifiées, au besoin, pour atteindre le niveau de précision souhaité. Les données issues du système d’instrumentation seront elles aussi réutilisées pour obtenir des informations précieuses sur le niveau de service du bâtiment (température, rendement…) mais aussi sur son environnement extérieur. L’intégration de ces données dans l’outil de diagnostic permettra de le calibrer et d’obtenir une image précise de la performance réelle du bâtiment. Des garde-fous seront aussi mis en place pour permettre d’identifier rapidement les faiblesses du bâtiment. Une fois calibré, le modèle créé sera utilisé pour réaliser une analyse de sensibilité et d’incertitude. L’objectif est de fiabiliser le résultat de l’outil de diagnostic énergétique mais aussi d’identifier les paramètres sensibles et influents sur cette performance.Les données de consommation et d’usages seront analysées pour comprendre comment est consommée l’énergie dans le bâtiment et mettre en évidence un potentiel d’économies d’énergie sur l’usage de ce dernier sans mener de campagne de travaux. Pour cela les données seront traitées à l’aide d’outils statistiques. Dans un premier temps la méthode de clustering développée permettra de regrouper les jours ayant des profils de consommations semblables. Ensuite parmi les regroupements réalisés, ceux identifiés comme une dérive du bâtiment seront isolés afin de mettre en évidence le dit potentiel. Le potentiel ainsi mis en évidence est relatif au jeu de données considéré, on ne connait pas la performance optimale du bâtiment (en l’état) et ce potentiel mis en évidence ne sera peut-être pas suffisant pour l’atteindre. Cependant, pour que ledit potentiel soit pertinent, le traitement de ces données devra bien entendu s’effectuer sur une période représentative du fonctionnement du bâtiment, il faudra aussi prendre en compte ses usages (occupation, période de chauffe, période estivale…) ainsi que les différents facteurs pouvant influer sur les consommations d’énergie<br>The main objective of this thesis is to make more reliable and relevant building’s energy performance diagnostic. The current regulatory context is too simplified to allow massification of efficient building retrofit. Currently, building’s energy performance diagnostic is made in order to make comparable building’s performance without taking into account the use, the functioning and the external environment. The result is a standardized performance and not a representative performance of the building. Finally, renovations recommended are not specific to the building and the resulting savings are tainted with errors. In order to change this, it is proposed to rethink the building’s energy performance diagnostic by taking into account the external environment, the uses, the actual functioning of the building and all the uncertainties associated with them. In addition to renovations to achieve on the building envelope, and technical equipment, the proposed diagnosis will also include an analysis of uses to highlight potential energy saving before retrofit.At first, we must have information on the building:- Physical information: plans, sections, materials used, technical equipment in place.- Consumption data: they are retrieved from a building instrumentation system.Those data will be used into two different diagnostic tools. The first is an improvement of regulatory building’s energy performance diagnostic. The second allows the analysis of consumptions patterns of the building.In order to improve the result of the regulatory building’s energy performance diagnostic, the energy consumption sources that are not taken into account will be added and the calculation of existing energy consumption sources will be improved to reach a higher level of precision. The data from the instrumentation system will also be used to get information on consumptions patterns of the building, performance of technical equipment and the external environment. Those data will also allow to get the correct calibration of the global energy performance from the new building’s energy performance diagnostic. Once calibrated, the results will be compared with threshold values to identify building’s weaknesses and subject to a sensitivity and uncertainty analysis. The main objective is to make the result of the new building’s energy performance diagnostic more relevant and identify sensitive and influential parameters.Consumptions data will be analyzed to highlight different consumption patterns of the building to finally extract a potential energy saving without carrying out renovation. In order to do that, statistical tools will be used. At first, the clustering method developed will allow to get together days with similar consumptions profiles. Next, among all the groups realized, those identified as a drift of the building’s consumptions will be analyzed to highlight the potential. This potential is relative to the dataset considered. We don’t know the optimal performance of the existing building and this potential may not be sufficient to reach it. To be relevant, this potential must take into account several parameters (occupation, heating period, summer period…) and all factors that can affect the building’s energy consumption.The ultimate goal is to have these two tools interact to improve the accuracy of building’s energy performance diagnostic. The improvement of energy performance does not necessarily involve renovation work, different solutions are possible:- The optimization of the existing: the energy savings potential will be used to optimize the building's performance.- Unit Actions / Heavy Renovation: dialogue between the building’s energy performance diagnostic and the results of the potential for energy savings will be needed.Energy savings generated by this analysis are double. We play both on the building, its equipment and their uses. Energy savings generated are then more precisely controlled
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Duarte, Márcia Gomes. "Capacidade de gestão no sistema estadual de vigilância sanitária da Bahia: enfoque do planejamento estratégico e instrumentos de gestão." Universidade Federal da Bahia, 2007. http://www.adm.ufba.br/sites/default/files/publicacao/arquivo/marcia_gomes_duarte.pdf.
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Previous issue date: 2007<br>Estudo sobre a “Capacidade de Gestão no Sistema Estadual de Vigilância Sanitária da Bahia:
Enfoque do Planejamento Estratégico e Instrumentos de Gestão” tendo por objetivos: a)
avaliar como a capacidade de planejamento dos gestores municipais contribui para que os
municípios cumpram as metas pactuadas na área de Vigilância Sanitária; b) analisar os
Planos de Saúde (2002-2005) e os Planos de Vigilância Sanitária (2006), dos municípios em
gestão plena e/ou com adesão ao TAM, como instrumento de gestão municipal; c) avaliar a
contribuição do planejamento, das ações de Vigilância Sanitária, para a ampliação da
capacidade de gestão; d) avaliar a capacidade dos municípios em cumprir as metas pactuadas
na Programação Pactuada Integrada (PPI) e no Termo de Ajuste e Metas (TAM) no ano de
2006. Tem como marco referencial o método de planejamento proposto por Carlos Matus, o
“Planejamento Estratégico Situacional (PES)”, que é um método direcionado para o setor
público, no qual os atores são os partidos políticos, governantes, dirigentes de organizações
públicas, empresariais e sindicais. È um estudo de natureza descritiva, do tipo qualitativo no
qual, os municípios em Gestão Plena do Sistema Municipal ou que aderiram ao Termo de
Ajuste e Metas até dezembro de 2006 se constituem no campo de investigação.
Os sujeitos do estudo foram os secretários municipais de saúde e os coordenadores municipais
de VISA. No que se refere às técnicas de análise, como fontes primárias foram utilizadas
entrevistas semi-estruturada e questionários e secundária a análise documental dos relatórios
de supervisão da DIVISA, Planos Municipais de Saúde e Planos Municipais de Vigilância
Sanitária. O método de análise de dados foi análise de conteúdo, utilizando como subcategoria
a análise estrutural. A partir dos dados produzidos foram identificadas cinco
categorias de análise: a realidade; a imagem-objeto; a situação-objetivo; a estratégia de
ação e o gerenciamento da execução. O estudo apresentou a dicotomia entre o discurso
marxista de planejamento proposto pelos coordenadores federal e estadual do sistema de
VISA e o modelo de organização que se alinha com o modelo burocrático proposto por
Weber. No que se refere ao processo de trabalho o modelo tende a se amoldar ao proposto por
Taylor. Os resultados demonstraram que os sujeitos, na sua maioria, não detêm conhecimento
sobre o processo de planejamento em saúde, bem como da importância do planejamento para
a capacidade de gestão e conseqüentemente para o alcance dos objetivos organizacionais e das
metas pactuadas. Como principais resultados foram identificados que os municípios alvo
deste estudo, na sua maioria, apresentam uma baixa capacidade de gestão; demonstram uma
incipiente capacidade de planejamento; insignificante participação da vigilância sanitária
municipal na elaboração dos Planos Municipais de Saúde; os Planos de VISA não assumem
as ações de Média Complexidade pactuadas por meio do TAM; os instrumentos de gestão e
programação não são utilizados na elaboração dos Planos Municipais de Saúde e nos Planos
de VISA e no discurso o planejamento é ascendente, mas na prática o planejamento é
descendente. Para transformar essa realidade, este estudo propõe o fortalecimento do sistema
municipal de VISA por meio: do apoio e do assessoramento aos gestores municipais para que
estes assumam as competências e responsabilidades originadas do processo de pactuação; da
inclusão das ações de VISA de baixa e média complexidade no Plano Municipal de Saúde e
no Plano de VISA; da capacitação dos gestores municipais e os profissionais de VISA na área
de: políticas públicas de saúde, gestão e planejamento.<br>Salvador
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Latif, Dilek. "Peace Building After Humanitarian Intervention: The Case Of Bosnia And Herzegovina." Phd thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12606504/index.pdf.
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ABSTRACT
PEACE BUILDING AFTER HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTION: THE CASE OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Latif, Dilek
Ph.D., Department of International Relations
Supervisor: Prof. Dr. ihsan D. Dagi
August 2005, 379 pages.
This dissertation analyzes peace building process after humanitarian intervention. It conceptualizes peace building through questioning the feasibility of peace building following a humanitarian intervention. Addressing the deficiency of contemporary peace building approach, this thesis indicates the shortcomings of the various instruments of peace building in contributing peace and reconciliation on the case of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). Besides, it shows the drawbacks of the current practice that peace building is a learning process, which employs the lessons learnt to advance the efficiency of peace building process.
There is a lack of comprehensive approach to peace building, based on case studies, evaluating the shortcomings and merits of all the instruments of peace building that provides a general strategy. Despite abundancy of policy oriented research to contribute policy making, academic work to analyze such a complicated phenomena has been frail. Within this context, contribution of the dissertation is to demonstrate the entire picture and question viability of the peace building process in war-torn societies. Therefore, it is enriching the study on the peace building operations.
Failure of institutionalization of peace in BiH after almost a decade of rigorous peace building efforts of the international community shows the fault of the mainstream understanding of peace building. The dissertation also unveils that engagement in Kosovo is the product of a similar strategy, which in practice either repeated the same fruitless methods or tried to build on the experience obtained in Bosnia but failed to heal up the troubles and challenges faced in Kosovo. Overall, the study points out the inevitability of a novel approach and an alternative peace building strategy beyond the policy-related focus.
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Nascimento, Nelymar Gonçalves do. "As tecnologias digitais no espaço acadêmico como instrumentos na construção do conhecimento do design de moda." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2014. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/3090.
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Previous issue date: 2014-02-21<br>IFPI - Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Piauí<br>Esta investigação aborda a construção do conhecimento no campo da moda por meio do uso das tecnologias digitais, tendo como sujeitos os alunos no cotidiano do seu ambiente acadêmico. Esse estudo analisa o uso das tecnologias digitais como meio e fim do método de aprendizagem para o desenvolvimento da capacidade criativa do aluno. Para este fim, buscou-se verificar: a) a estrutura física proporcionada a esses alunos pela universidade; b) as metodologias de ensino utilizadas no âmbito dessas tecnologias; e c) a percepção dos alunos ambientados ou não com as tecnologias. Esta pesquisa fundamentou-se na teoria sócio-histórica de Vigotsky acerca da construção do conhecimento, na qual o sujeito se constitui psicológica e cognitivamente na interação com o seu grupo social pela mediação de instrumentos e relações constituídas ao longo da história. O método empregado para a produção dos dados utilizou-se da entrevista em grupos de discussão e a técnica de análise de conteúdo para a leitura compreensiva dos mesmos. Considera-se que o aprendizado dos alunos do curso pesquisado se constrói não só na interação com a máquina e com os seus softwares, mas também pela participação dos seus colegas e professores através da interação proporcionada pelo empenho na realização das suas atividades. Esse processo de mediação leva ao estímulo do desenvolvimento potencial de características imprescindíveis ao design de moda.<br>This research focuses on the development of knowledge in the field of fashion through the use of digital technologies, taking students as subjects in their everyday academic environment. This study aims to analyze the use of digital technologies as a means and end of the learning method for the development of creative skills of the student. To this end, we attempted to check: a) physical structure provided to these students by the university; b) the teaching methodologies used within these technologies, as well as, c) the perception of acclimated or not with the technologies students. This research was based on the socio-historical Vygotsky’s theory about the construction of knowledge, in which the subject is psychologically and cognitively in interaction with their social group for mediating instruments and relationships established throughout history. The method employed for the production of the data was used in the interview discussion groups and content analysis technique for reading comprehension thereof. It is considered that students learning of the course builds researched not only in the interaction with the machine and its software, but also the participation of their classmates and teachers through interaction provided by commitment in carrying out their activities. This mediation process leads to stimulating the potential development of essential features to fashion design.
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Hoopes, Daniel Matthew. "The ContexTable: Building and Testing an Intelligent, Context-Aware Kitchen Table." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2004. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/12.
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The purpose of this thesis was to design and evaluate The ContexTable, a context-aware system built into a kitchen table. After establishing the current status of the field of context-aware systems and the hurdles and problems being faced, a functioning prototype system was designed and built. The prototype makes it possible to explore established, untested theory and novel solutions to problems faced in the field.
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Tamaki, Humberto Oyamada. "A medição setorizada como instrumento de gestão da demanda de água em sistemas prediais - estudo de caso: Programa de Uso Racional da Água da Universidade de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3146/tde-12042005-113615/.
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No presente trabalho é estudada a utilização da medição setorizada como instrumento de gestão da demanda de água em sistemas prediais. Para tanto, a caracterização dos medidores e a análise das interações dos elementos de medição com o sistema de suprimento de água fria e de equipamento sanitário são realizados a partir de um enfoque sistêmico e de desempenho. Considerando a coleta de melhores informações, qualitativamente e quantitativamente acerca do consumo, essencial para a gestão da demanda de água, e especialmente em um contexto de ações de conservação, neste trabalho levantou-se os sistemas de telemedição. Apresentou-se uma proposta de planejamento de implantação da medição setorizada e quais elementos que devem ser observados para a gestão da demanda. Para subsidiar as avaliações, realizou-se o estudo de caso da medição setorizada na Universidade de São Paulo, no qual foi possível verificar a importância da sua aplicação e os resultados extremamente positivos que justificaram sua implantação.<br>In this work it is studied the use of submetering as an instrument of water demand management in building systems. In such way, the characterization of the meters and the analysis of the interactions of its elements with the building hydraulical system are carried on a systemic approach and performance analysis of the proposal. Considering the collection of better information of water consumption essential for the water demand management, especially in a conservation context, it was searched out the systems and the technologies of remote metering. A proposal for the planning of the submetering implantation was showed, as well as the elements that should be considered for the demand management. To make the evaluations, the case study of the submetering program in the University of São Paulo was accomplished, in which it was possible to verify the importance of its application and the extremely positive results that had justified its implantation.
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Billberg, Peter. "Form pressure generated by self-compacting concrete : influence of thixotropy and structural behaviour at rest." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Division of Concrete Structures, Royal Institute of Technology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4144.
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Ibn-Mohammed, Taofeeq. "Optimal ranking and sequencing of non-domestic building energy retrofit options for greenhouse gas emissions reduction." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/10501.
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Whether it is based on current emissions data or future projections of further growth, the building sector currently represent the largest and singular most important contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions globally. This notion is also supported by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change based on projection scenarios for 2030 that emissions from buildings will be responsible for about one-third of total global emissions. As such, improving the energy efficiency of buildings has become a top priority worldwide. A significant majority of buildings that exist now will still exist in 2030 and beyond; therefore the greatest energy savings and carbon footprint reductions can be made through retrofit of existing buildings. A wide range of retrofit options are readily available, but methods to identify optimal solutions for a particular abatement project still constitute a major technical challenge. Investments in building energy retrofit technologies usually involve decision-making processes targeted at reducing operational energy consumption and maintenance bills. For this reason, retrofit decisions by building stakeholders are typically driven by financial considerations. However, recent trends towards environmentally conscious and resource-efficient design and retrofit have focused on the environmental merits of these options, emphasising a lifecycle approach to emissions reduction. Retrofit options available for energy savings have different performance characteristics and building stakeholders are required to establish an optimal solution, where competing objectives such as financial costs, energy consumption and environmental performance are taken into account. These key performance parameters cannot be easily quantified and compared by building stakeholders since they lack the resources to perform an effective decision analysis. In part, this is due to the inadequacy of existing methods to assess and compare performance indicators. Current methods to quantify these parameters are considered in isolation when making decisions about energy conservation in buildings. To effectively manage the reduction of lifecycle environmental impacts, it is necessary to link financial cost with both operational and embodied emissions. This thesis presents a novel deterministic decision support system (DSS) for the evaluation of economically and environmentally optimal retrofit of non-domestic buildings. The DSS integrates the key variables of economic and net environmental benefits to produce optimal decisions. These variables are used within an optimisation scheme that consists of integrated modules for data input, sensitivity analysis and takes into account the use of a set of retrofit options that satisfies a range of criteria (environmental, demand, cost and resource constraints); hierarchical course of action; and the evaluations of ‘best’ case scenario based on marginal abatement cost methods and Pareto optimisation. The steps involved in the system development are presented and its usefulness is evaluated using case study applications. The results of the applications are analysed and presented, verifying the feasibility of the DSS, whilst encouraging further improvements and extensions. The usefulness of the DSS as a tool for policy formulation and developments that can trigger innovations in retrofit product development processes and sustainable business models are also discussed. The methodology developed provides stakeholders with an efficient and reliable decision process that is informed by both environmental and financial considerations. Overall, the development of the DSS which takes a whole-life CO2 emission accounting framework and an economic assessment view-point, successfully demonstrates how value is delivered across different parts of the techno-economic system, especially as it pertains to financial gains, embodied and operational emissions reduction potential.
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Žilinský, Lukáš. "Příprava a financování stavební zakázky v rámci jejího životního cyklu z pohledu zhotovitele." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227271.
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The thesis engages in an assessment of financing the building contract from the view of a contractor. In the introduction of a theoretical part there is concisely characterized the meaning and current state of the construction market in the Czech Republic. Then there is a basic description of the characteristics of the building and construction market, followed by a description of the life cycle of construction contracts. Main attention on the theoretical part is paid to the possible ways of financing the building contract from the view of the constructor. The practical part of the thesis is divided into two examples. In the first example, an analysis of financing the building contract from the view of the constructor or construction company can be seen. Following the method of financing the business activity of the construction company is a financial analysis of its capital structure with subsequent evaluation of the results. The second example contains processing of progress financing of the building contract using a form of forfaiting, i.e. redemption of medium-term debt.
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Chi, Catherine Kai-ling. "Building an ideal high school instrumental ensemble program in Taiwan : based on the theory of multiple intelligences and Ithaca High School Band Program from 1955 to 1967 directed by Frank Battisti /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11411.
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Attoue, Nivine. "Use of Smart Technology for heating energy optimization in buildings : experimental and numerical developments for indoor temperature forecasting." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I021/document.
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L’inquiétude croissante concernant le futur des ressources énergétique a fait de l’optimisation énergétique une priorité dans tous les secteurs. De nombreux sujets de recherche se sont focalisés sur celui du bâtiment étant le principal consommateur d’énergie, en particulier à cause de ses besoins en chauffage. L’application des stratégies de contrôle et de gestion innovantes peuvent contribuer à des économies d'énergie. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'introduire le concept intelligent dans les bâtiments pour réduire la consommation d'énergie. L'étude vise à développer un modèle permettant de prédire le comportement thermique des bâtiments. La thèse propose une méthodologie basée sur la sélection des paramètres d'entrée pertinents, après une analyse de pertinence, pour développer un modèle simplifié de réseau de neurones artificiel, utilisé pour la prévision de température intérieure. Le domaine intelligent nécessite un processus automatisé pour comprendre la dynamique des bâtiments et décrire ses caractéristiques. L’utilisation des modèles thermiques réduits convient pour de telles stratégies. Ainsi, la thèse présente une étude préliminaire pour la génération d'un processus automatisé pour déterminer la prévision de température intérieure à court terme et les caractéristiques des bâtiments basées sur la modélisation en boîte grise. Cette étude est basée sur une méthodologie capable de trouver l'ensemble de données le plus fiable qui décrit le mieux la dynamique du bâtiment. L'étude montre que l'ordre le plus performant pour les modèles réduits est régi par la dynamique des données collectées utilisées<br>With the highly developing concerns about the future of energy resources, the optimization of energy consumption becomes a must in all sectors. A lot of research was dedicated to buildings regarding that they constitute the highest energy consuming sector mainly because of their heating needs. Technologies have been improved and several methods are proposed for energy consumption optimization. Energy saving procedures can be applied through innovative control and management strategies. The objective of this thesis is to introduce the smart concept in the building system to reduce the energy consumption, as well as to improve comfort conditions and users’ satisfaction. The study aims to develop a model that makes it possible to predict thermal behavior of buildings. The thesis proposes a methodology based on the selection of pertinent input parameters, after a relevance analysis of a large set of input parameters, for the development of a simplified artificial neural network (ANN) model, used for indoor temperature forecasting. This model can be easily used in the optimal regulation of buildings’ energy devices. The smart domain needs an automated process to understand the buildings’ dynamics and to describe its characteristics. Such strategies are well described using reduced thermal models. Thus, the thesis presents a preliminary study for the generation of an automated process to determine short term indoor temperature prediction and buildings characteristics based on grey-box modeling. This study is based on a methodology capable of finding the most reliable set of data that describes the best the building’s dynamics. The study shows that the most performant order for reduced-models is governed by the dynamics of the collected data used
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Arvizu, Piña Víctor Alberto. "Las "Declaraciones Ambientales de Producto" como instrumento de mejora ambiental en el sector de la construcción en México : el sector de la vivienda como enfoque inicial." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/525837.
Full textAbstract:
The building sector environmental impact is specially important in emerging economies such as Mexico, due to the population increase and urban growth that they are currently facing. Due to the holistic approach of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), this tool has been widely accepted among the scientific community to evaluate and improve the products environmental performance from various sectors, such as building. However, their adaptation to this field requires taking into account some aspects that are not always addressed equally. This is often because a lack of a common methodological platform. Because of this, Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) are presented as an option that provides the same methodological platform for LCA studies, and moreover, promotes continuous environmental improvement through market competitiveness.
Thus, the use of this ecolabel has increased in developed countries as one of the main instruments for the environmental assessment of building products. However, in addition to these products, would it be possible to implement EPDs as an environmental improvement tool, at the scale of an entire sector such as building? To what extent can emerging economies countries follow the EPD implementation strategy followed by developed countries? What chances would EPDs have in helping to meet the government's sustainability goals for housing sector, and what chances would companies have to implement this type of ecolabel? This work aims to answer these questions, in order to fulfill its main objective: to determine the possibilities and the influence of EPD implementation in Mexico's building sector environmental performance, according to the federal government goals for this area.
To achieve this, first, a general approach describing the problem that originates this investigation is made. Then, a background and a general framework of the thesis topic are determined, as well the key factors for EPD development in building sector. With this as a reference, the respective analysis is done in the Mexican context, mainly with the two main stakeholders detected: government and private sector. Subsequently, two approaches of EPD implementation are presented: one top-down, considering the government as a promoter of this ecolabel, which analyzes the sustainability instruments and programs of housing sector, as well as the chances of EPDs to integrate to them; and another bottom-up, considering the business sector as executing agent and implementer of these ecolabels, which analyzes the chances that would eventually have companies to implement EPDs. Finally, the general conclusions are established.
The analysis shows that the instruments and programs that seek sustainability for housing are compatible and complementary with EPDs, as well as EPDs have the chances to contribute to the fulfillment of the government's sustainability objectives.
Although some barriers have been detected to EPDs implementation, it has been found that there is a widespread interest of Mexican companies in incorporating within their sustainability strategies the use of ecolabels in the materials they use. However, the cost of developing LCA studies, the lack of demand for products with environmental information, and the lack of understanding of EPDs usefulness, discourage companies from incorporating them. In spite of this, it is concluded that housing sector can be an adequate starting point for the EPD development in Mexico.<br>El sector de la construcción conlleva un impacto ambiental que es particularmente importante en economías emergentes como México, debido a la fase de crecimiento poblacional y urbano al que se enfrentan actualmente. Ante esto, el Análisis de Ciclo de Vida (ACV) es una herramienta que por su enfoque holístico, ha sido ampliamente aceptada entre la comunidad científica para evaluar y mejorar el desempeño ambiental de productos de diversos sectores, como el de la construcción. Sin embargo, su adaptación a este campo requiere de ciertas consideraciones que no siempre son abordadas de la misma manera, debido entre otras cosas, a la falta de una plataforma metodológica común. Por lo anterior, las Declaraciones Ambientales de Producto (DAP) se presentan como una opción que además de proveer una misma plataforma de cálculo para el ACV, propicia la mejora ambiental continua a través de la competitividad del mercado. Es así que el uso de este ecoetiquetado se ha incrementado en los países desarrollados, como uno de los principales instrumentos para la evaluación ambiental de los productos de construcción. Sin embargo, además de estos productos, ¿sería posible implementar las DAP como una herramienta de mejora ambiental, a escala de todo un sector como el de la construcción? ¿hasta qué punto los países de economías emergentes podrían seguir la estrategia de implementación de las DAP seguida por los países desarrollados? ¿qué potencial tendrían las DAP para coadyuvar en el cumplimiento de los objetivos de sostenibilidad que busca el gobierno para el sector de la vivienda, y cuál tendría la iniciativa privada para implementar este ecoetiquetado? Este trabajo pretende responder a estas preguntas, para cumplir así su objetivo principal: determinar las posibilidades y el impacto obtenido en el desempeño ambiental del sector de la construcción en México, que supondría la implementación de las DAP, de acuerdo con las metas y objetivos del gobierno federal en este rubro. Para lograr esto, primero se hace un planteamiento general donde se describe la problemática que da pie a esta investigación. Después se hace un análisis donde se describen los antecedentes y marco general del tema de tesis, donde se determinan los elementos que han sido clave para el desarrollo de las DAP en el sector de la construcción. Con esto como referencia, se hace el respectivo análisis en el contexto mexicano, principalmente, alrededor de los dos principales actores involucrados: gobierno e iniciativa privada. Posteriormente, se hace una propuesta donde se plantean dos enfoques de implementación de las DAP: uno top-down, considerando al gobierno como agente promotor de este ecoetiquetado, donde se analizan los instrumentos y programas de sostenibilidad en torno al sector, así como las posibilidades de las DAP de coadyuvar en su cumplimiento; y otro bottom-up, considerando al sector empresarial como agente ejecutor e implementador de estas ecoetiquetas, donde se analiza la capacidad que eventualmente tendría la iniciativa privada para implementar este tipo de ecoetiquetado. Finalmente se establecen las conclusiones generales. El análisis muestra que los instrumentos y programas que buscan la sostenibilidad de la vivienda, son compatibles y complementarios con este ecoetiquetado, así como que las DAP tienen el potencial de coadyuvar en el cumplimiento de los objetivos de sostenibilidad del gobierno. Aunque se han detectado barreras para implementar las DAP, se ha encontrado que existe un interés generalizado de las empresas mexicanas en incorporar entre sus estrategias de sostenibilidad, el uso de ecoetiquetado en los materiales que utilizan. No obstante, el costo de elaborar un ACV, la falta de demanda de este tipo de productos, y el poco entendimiento sobre su utilidad, desalientan entre los empresarios su incorporación.
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Brajato, Dânia. "A efetividade dos instrumentos do Estatuto da Cidade : o caso da aplicação do Parcelamento, Edificação ou Utilização Compulsórios no município de Maringá (PR)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFABC, 2015.
Find full textAbstract:
Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Rosana Denaldi<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Planejamento e Gestão do Território, 2015.<br>A despeito da importância do Parcelamento, Edificação ou Utilização Compulsórios (PEUC) para o cumprimento da função social da propriedade urbana e de sua previsão em parte significativa dos novos planos diretores, há poucos registros de experiências relacionadas à aplicação desse instrumento no país.
A presente pesquisa apresenta e discute os resultados da aplicação do PEUC e do IPTU progressivo no tempo, em Maringá, no Estado do Paraná. Entre os anos de 2009 e 2013, o Município notificou para PEUC cerca de 700 proprietários de imóveis ociosos, não edificados ou subutilizados.
Esse conjunto de imóveis soma 14,5 milhões de metros quadrados (14,5 km²) e corresponde a
aproximadamente 10% de toda a área urbana do Município. Maringá aplica o IPTU progressivo no tempo desde 2011, sendo um dos dois únicos municípios no país que até o início de 2015 havia utilizado o instrumento sucedâneo ao PEUC.
Para compreender os resultados alcançados no Município de Maringá, foram identificados, por meio de pesquisa documental e entrevistas, as condições que tornaram possível a aplicação do PEUC, a lógica territorial de aplicação do instrumento (ordenamento do solo), os procedimentos administrativos adotados e a reação dos proprietários em termos da iniciativa de utilização das áreas notificadas.
Conclui-se que, no caso de Maringá, a aplicação do PEUC favoreceu de forma limitada a ocupação dos vazios urbanos e não contribuiu para democratizar o acesso à terra. Os limitados resultados alcançados relacionam-se com a aplicação do PEUC dissociada de uma estratégia geral de planejamento urbano inclusivo, nos moldes do ideário da Reforma Urbana.<br>Despite of the importance of the Compulsory Subdivision, Building or Utilization of land (CSBU) to the fulfillment of the social function of urban property and its incorporation in many of the new master plans, there are scarce records of experiences related to the application of this instrument in the country.
This research presents and discusses the results of the application of the CSBU and the progressive property and land tax (over time) in Maringá, State of Paraná, Brazil. Between 2009 and 2013, the city notified through CSBU approximately 700 owners of vacant, not built upon or under-utilized areas. This amounted to around 14,5 km² and corresponded to around 10% of the total urban surface area of the municipality. Maringá has enforced the progressive property and land tax (over time) since 2011 and is one of the two municipalities which used the instrument substitute of CSBU.
In order to understand the results achieved by the municipality of Maringá, we identified through documentary research and interviews, the conditions that made the application of CSBU possible, the underlying territorial logic of the instrument (land use), the standard administrative procedures and the responsiveness of property owners to the initiative in terms of use of the notified areas.
It concludes that, in the case of Maringá, the application of the CSBU provided only limited incentives to the effective utilization of urban vacant áreas, and it did not contribute to democratize access to land. The limited results achieved are related to the application of CSBU separate from a general strategy of inclusive urban planning, following the ideals of Urban Reform.
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Mendieta, Pineda Carlos Ricardo. "Acuerdos público-privados para la provisión de infraestructuras públicas: supuestos de eficiencia de la concesión de obra como principal instrumento de gestión con especial consideración a la experiencia colombiana." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/457568.
Full textAbstract:
La presente tesis doctoral contiene un análisis sobre los supuestos de eficiencia que deben ser considerados por las administraciones públicas en el proceso de estructuración de los acuerdos de colaboración público privada para la provisión de infraestructuras públicas, con el propósito de asegurar la efectiva consecución de los fines que guían y orientan este tipo de acuerdos, pues los mismos, se encuentran expuestos a un conjunto de factores externos e internos, que tienen la capacidad de afectar dichos fines, aumentar la exposición frente al riesgo de controversias contractuales o de mayores costos en la contratación e imponer cargas onerosas o excesivas al presupuesto público, con su consecuente efecto adverso sobre las oportunidades de desarrollo o crecimiento económico de las naciones.
Es por ello, que se analiza a partir de unos casos típicos, los supuestos que han llevado, en algunos países, a la realización de acuerdos de colaboración exitosos para las administraciones públicas, con un nulo o muy bajo esfuerzo del presupuesto público, mientras que en otros países, la realización de dichos acuerdos ha exigido importantes esfuerzos presupuestales o han derivado en pesadas cargas para el Estado, dejando en entredicho la forma de distribución de cargas y beneficios entre el sector público y el sector privado, así como la conveniencia y oportunidad de este tipo de acuerdos.
Bajo dicho contexto, se destaca la importancia de la planeación y maduración de los proyectos de colaboración público-privada de iniciativa pública, la equitativa distribución entre las cargas y los beneficios que se deriven de la contratación, la eficiente asignación de los riesgos y distribución de responsabilidades derivadas del acuerdo, que sumados a procesos perfectamente competitivos de selección contractual, donde se garantice la igualdad en el trato, la libre concurrencia y la transparencia del proceso, se constituyen en los presupuestos esenciales para asegurar la eficiente asignación de los recursos económicos de la colectividad.
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Mio, Geisa Paganini De. "O inquérito civil e o termo de ajustamento de conduta como instrumentos efetivos para resolução de conflitos ambientais: a experiência da promotoria de justiça do meio ambiente da comarca de São Carlos-SP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-05032007-091342/.
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Os conflitos ambientais surgem a partir das necessidades de desenvolvimento econômico e social e dos conseqüentes usos dos recursos naturais. À medida que esses recursos naturais foram se tornando escassos, os modelos de desenvolvimento existentes passaram a ser criticados, culminando em 1987 com a definição de desenvolvimento sustentável. Uma contribuição para a implementação do desenvolvimento sustentável é a resolução de conflitos ambientais por meio de abordagens alternativas, com a construção de consenso. O ordenamento jurídico brasileiro atribui ao ministério público características e instrumentos que permitem a utilização dessas abordagens na resolução dos conflitos ambientais. Por meio do inquérito civil, instrumento exclusivo da instituição e do termo de ajustamento de conduta, o promotor de justiça realiza a resolução de conflitos ambientais sem a intervenção do poder judiciário. Além dos instrumentos, uma característica do ministério público favorável à utilização dessas abordagens é a credibilidade social da instituição. O presente trabalho busca comprovar, com base na experiência da promotoria de justiça do meio ambiente da comarca de São Carlos SP, a efetividade da resolução de conflitos ambientais por meio da construção de consenso utilizando esses instrumentos. Para alcançar esse objetivo, realizou-se, no período de 2001 a 2004, levantamento de dados armazenados em registro eletrônico, nos inquéritos civís e termos de ajustamento de conduta, além do acompanhamento de audiências e participação em vistorias realizadas pelo promotor de justiça em exercício. Além disso, realizou-se entrevistas com representantes de instituições de gestão e fiscalização ambiental e de organizações não governamentais. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que a utilização do inquérito civil, em conjunto com o termo de ajustamento de conduta soluciona a maior parte dos conflitos ambientais evitando a intervenção do poder judiciário e a ação civil pública, obtendo a maior conscientização da sociedade civil e do próprio poder público, reduzindo o tempo e os custos das negociações, pois a maior parte dos conflitos é resolvida no prazo de um ano e meio, permitindo a reparação do dano em tempo viável, possibilitando ainda a antecipação aos danos ambientais. Porém, uma das maiores dificuldades detectadas é a falta de apoio técnico e de dados ambientais disponíveis, organizados e confiáveis para a tomada de decisões, o que resultou na recomendação do desenvolvimento de uma pesquisa complementar para preencher essa lacuna e melhorar o desempenho da atuação dos promotores de justiça na resolução de conflitos ambientais.<br>The environmental conflicts arise from the need for economical and social development and from the consequent use of natural resources. When these natural resources were becoming scarce, the existing development models started to be criticized, culminating with the definition of sustainable development in 1987. A contribution for the implementation of sustainable development is the resolution of environmental conflicts by alternative approaches, with the consensus building. The brazilian juridical ordainment ascribe to the public ministry characteristics and tools that allow the use of these approaches in the environmental conflicts resolution. By means of civil inquest, exclusive tool for the institution, and the conduct adjustment term, the justice prosecutor attain the environmental conflicts resolution without the interference of the judiciary. Beside the tools, a characteristic of the public ministry that is favorable to the use of such approaches is the social credibility of the institution. This work tries to prove, based on the experience of the environmental prosecutor office from the city of Sao Carlos SP, the effectiveness of environmental conflicts resolution by means of the consensus building by using these tools. To reach this objective, a thorough research was carried out, from 2001 through 2004, in the data electronically recorded from the civil inquests and conduct adjustment terms. In this period, a number of hearings and inspections carried out by the assigned justice prosecutor were followed. In addition, many interviews with representatives from environmental management and surveillance institutions and non governmental organizations were done. The results show that the use of civil inquest together with the conduct adjustment term solve the greatest part of environmental conflicts. The successful use of such tools avoids the intervention of both the judiciary and the civil public action, resulting in a greater consciousness from both the civil society and government, reducing thereby time and costs associated with the negotiations, as the greatest part of the conflicts is solved in one year and a half, allowing the reparation of the harm in viable time, thus enabling the antecipation of environmental harms. One of the greatest difficulties, however, is the lack of both technical support and the availability of organized and reliable environmental data for the decision making process. These constraints resulted in the recommendations for the development of a complementary research to fill up such gap and to improve the performance of action of the justice prosecutors in the resolution of environmental conflicts.
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Dudek, Matěj. "Hodnocení provozuschopnosti historické železobetonové stropní konstrukce." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225469.
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The master’s thesis is focused on serviceability evaluation of historical concrete floor slab realized in the third decade of the 20th century. The assessment of structural performance is based on the results of load testing in situ. The thesis defines contemporary load testing requirements followed by the specifications of measuring instruments and the possibilities of displacement measurements during load testing. In addition, it includes structural and historical investigation of the building, methodology and data evaluation of the load testing. Finally, the theoretical computer simulation of executed load testing is run by using software determined for nonlinear finite elements analysis.
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Červený, Radek. "Průzkum a hodnocení dřevěného krovu historické budovy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225715.
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My dissertation is based on the appraisal of wooden roof construction in baroque church Nanebevzetí Panny Marie in Vranově nad Dyjí. The main reason of this appraisal was preserving the church´s interior which was newly reconstructed with high historical value. The dissertation includes also the rehabilitation solution. The appraisal was based on the research witch used sense and instrumental methods. In the first part were found out all size of each construction´s parts and was established the type of rafters´ systém. Then the research solved some impaired wooden parts and their reasons. For suitable rehabilitation solution was defined the transition between well and impaired part. The best rehabilitation solution is the construction solution by the conditions using further procedures, e.g. preventive chemical protection.
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Torres, Ospina Sara. "Uncovering the Role of Community Health Worker/Lay Health Worker Programs in Addressing Health Equity for Immigrant and Refugee Women in Canada: An Instrumental and Embedded Qualitative Case Study." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23753.
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“Why do immigrants and refugees need community health workers/lay health workers (CHWs) if Canada already has a universal health care system?” Abundant evidence demonstrates that despite the universality of our health care system marginalized populations, including immigrants and refugees, experience barriers to accessing the health system. Evidence on the role of CHWs facilitating access is both lacking and urgently needed. This dissertation contributes to this evidence by providing a thick description and thorough analytical exploration of a CHW model, in Edmonton, Canada. Specifically, I examine the activities of the Multicultural Health Brokers Co-operative (MCHB Co-op) and its Multicultural Health Brokers from 1992 to 2011 as well as the relationship they have with Alberta Health Services (AHS) Edmonton Zone Public Health. The research for this study is based on an instrumental and embedded qualitative case study design. The case is the MCHB Co-op, an independently-run multicultural health worker co-operative, which contracts with health and social services providers in Edmonton to offer linguistically- and culturally-appropriate services to marginalized immigrant and refugee women and their families. The two embedded mini-cases are two programs of the MCHB Co-op: Perinatal Outreach and Health for Two, which are the raison d’être for a sustained partnership between the MCHB Co-op and AHS. The phenomenon under study is the Multicultural Health Brokers’ practice.
I triangulate multiple methods (research strategies and data sources), including 46 days of participant and direct observation, 44 in-depth interviews (with Multicultural Health Brokers, mentors, women using the programs, health professionals and outsiders who knew of the work of the MCHB Co-op and Multicultural Health Brokers), and document review and analysis of policy documents, yearly reports, training manuals, educational materials as well as quantitative analysis of the Health Brokers’ 3,442 client caseload database. In addition, data include my field notes of both descriptive and analytical reflections taken throughout the onsite research. I also triangulate various theoretical frameworks to explore how historically specific social structures, economic relationships, and ideological assumptions serve to create and reinforce the conditions that give rise to the need for CHWs, and the factors that aid or hinder their ability to facilitate marginalized populations’ access to health and social services.
Findings reveal that Multicultural Health Brokers facilitate access to health and social services as well as foster community capacity building in order to address settlement, adaptation, and integration of immigrant and refugee women and their families into Canadian society. Findings also demonstrate that the Multicultural Health Broker model is an example of collaboration between community-based organizations and local systems in targeting health equity for marginalized populations; in particular, in perinatal health and violence against women. A major problem these workers face is they provide important services as part of Canada’s health human resources workforce, but their contributions are often not recognized as such. The triangulation of methods and theory provides empirical and theoretical understanding of the Multicultural Health Brokers’ contribution to immigrant and refugee women and their families’ feminist urban citizenship.
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Mohamed, Mostafa. "Evaluation de la qualité des modèles 3D de bâtiments en photogrammétrie numérique aérienne." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAD037/document.
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Les méthodes et les outils de génération automatique ou semi-automatique de modèles 3D urbains se développent rapidement, mais l’évaluation de la qualité de ces modèles et des données spatiales sur lesquelles ils s’appuient n’est que rarement abordée. Notre objectif est de proposer une approche multidimensionnelle standard pour évaluer la qualité des modèles 3D de bâtiments en 1D, 2D et 3D. Deux méthodes sont présentées pour l'évaluation 1D. La première se base sur l’analyse de l’erreur moyenne quadratique en X, Y et Z. La deuxième solution s’appuie sur les instructions parues au Journal Officiel du 30 octobre 2003 et exigeant le respect de classes de précisions. L'approche que nous proposons se penche sur le calcul d'indices de qualité fréquemment rencontrés dans la littérature. L'originalité de notre approche réside dans le fait que les modèles employés en entrée ne se limitent pas au mode raster, mais s'étendent au mode vecteur. Il semble évident que les modèles définis en mode vecteur s'avèrent plus fidèles à la réalité qu'en mode raster. Les indices de qualité 2D et 3D calculés montrent que les modèles 3D de bâtiments extraits à partir des couples d’images stéréoscopiques sont cohérents. Les modèles reconstruits à partir du LiDAR sont moins exacts. En conclusion, cette thèse a abouti à l’élaboration d’une approche d’évaluation multidimensionnelle de bâtiments en 3D. L’approche proposée dans cette thèse est adaptée et opérationnelle pour des modèles vectoriels et rasters de bâtiments 3D simplifiés<br>Methods and tools for automatic or semi-automatic generation of 3D city models are developing rapidly, but the quality assessment of these models and spatial data are rarely addressed. A comprehensive evaluation in 3D is not trivial. Our goal is to provide a standard multidimensional approach for assessing the quality of 3D models of buildings in 1D, 2D and 3D. Two methods are applied. The first one is done by computing Root Mean Square Errors (RMSE) based on the deviations between both models (reference and test), in X, Y and Z directions. Second method is performed by applying the French legal text (arrêté sur les classes de précision) that is based on the instructions published in the Official Journal from October 30, 2003. These indices pass through the space discretization in pixels or voxels for measuring the degree of superposition of 2D or 3D objects. The originality of this approach is built on the fact that the models used as input are not only limited to raster format, but also extended to vector format. The results of statistics of the quality indices calculated for assessing the building models show that the 3D building models extracted from stereo-pairs are close from each other. Also, the models reconstructed from LiDAR are less accurate than the models reconstructed from aerial images alone. In conclusion, the quality evaluation of 3D building models has been achieved by applying the proposed multi-dimensional approach. This approach is suitable for simplified 3D building vector models created from aerial images and/or LiDAR datasets
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Wu, Po-Yen, and 吳柏彥. "Environment Map Building by Using the LabVIEW Vitrual Instrument." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37029066730309533126.
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碩士<br>逢甲大學<br>航太與系統工程所<br>97<br>In the field of robotics, the research of autonomous mobile robot has been received considerable attention. In terms of the mobile robot navigation, one of the major issues is how to build an accurate environment map where the robot is navigating so as to enable the mobile robot to perform the path planning and obstacles avoidance autonomously.
In this study, a local environment map is constructed using the data gathered from laser range finder. Moreover, a Labview-based graphical user interface is developed and served as mediator between human and robot to assist human-robot interactions. By means of the developed interface, the user not only is able to monitor the robot’s activities, but also knows more about the environment information where the robot is located.