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1
Leclerc, Mariel, Richard Bertrand, and Jocelyne Roberge-Brassard. "Étude de fiabilité d’un instrument d’observation des comportements de l’élève en classe." Revue des sciences de l'éducation 5, no. 3 (October 9, 2009): 359–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/900116ar.
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Après avoir décrit l’instrument et le schème utilisés pour l’observation des comportements de l’élève en classe, on présente les résultats de l’analyse statistique effectuée pour s’assurer de la fiabilité des données. Pour chacun des trois comportements observés, un coefficient d’entente inter-juges a été calculé pour évaluer dans quelle mesure la mésentente inter-juges pouvait limiter la fiabilité des données et un coefficient de fiabilité a été calculé pour mesurer la fiabilité avec laquelle les comportements des élèves pouvaient être observés. Les valeurs du coefficient d’entente inter-juges se sont montrées très élevées alors que les valeurs du coefficient de fiabilité se sont montrées très faibles. Ce faible coefficient est expliqué en grande partie par l’instabilité des comportements de l’élève d’occasion en occasion : c’est-à-dire par la trop grande variabilité des données intra-élève par rapport à la variabilité inter-élèves. Les auteurs concluent de l’importance des situations homogènes d’apprentissage dans l’observation des comportements des élèves en classe.
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Belzile, Bertrand, and Viateur Larouche. "Motivation au travail des familles à faible revenu : tentative de mesure." Relations industrielles 30, no. 1 (April 12, 2005): 60–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/028584ar.
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Dans cet article, les auteurs visent à rendre opérationnel le modèle de motivation retenu. L'approche utilisée pour obtenir une mesure de la motivation d'un groupe de parents (N — 31) de familles à faible revenu à se trouver un emploi (travailler) ou à ne pas s'en trouver {ne pas travailler) est explicitée. Échantillonnage, cueillette des données et instrument de mesure sont présentés. Finalement, les résultats sont décrits et les auteurs analysent la relation qui existe (pour ce groupe de parents) entre le taux de participation à la main-d'oeuvre et la motivation à y participer.
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Prandi Perrone, Rosely Aparecida. "Auto-efficacite chez les meres allaitantes de nouveau-nes prematures." Revista INFAD de Psicología. International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology. 1, no. 1 (August 3, 2021): 363–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17060/ijodaep.2021.n1.v1.2075.
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Le lait maternel est reconnu comme aliment idéal pour les nouveau-nés, y compris les prématurés, avec des avantages nutritionnels, biologiques, émotionnels et socio-économiques pour l’enfant et la famille. Pour les bébés prématurés, l’allaitement joue un rôle essentiel dans la mesure où il est associé à une réduction du temps d’hospitalisation et à divers états cliniques résultant d’une prématurité. Les études indiquent un faible taux d’allaitement parmi les mères de nouveau-nés prématurés et, souvent, un sevrage précoce. Actuellement, la littérature identifie l’auto-efficacité dans l’allaitement comme une variable importante qui influe sur les résultats de la réussite de l’allaitement. Afin d’identifier le principal instrument dédié à l’évaluation de l’auto-efficacité chez les mères allaitantes de bébés prématurés, une revue intégrative de la littérature a été réalisée sur les études, les évaluations et les instruments utilisés pour évaluer l’auto-efficacité chez les mères allaitantes des bébés prématurés. Il a été constaté que la Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale (BSES) est le principal instrument d’évaluation de la confiance d’une mère relativement à sa capacité d’allaiter. Pour ces mères, la Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form for Mothers of Ill or Preterm Infants (BSES-SFMIPI) permet de reconnaître les attentes et les expériences maternelles, d’identifier les mères de bébés prématurés à risque d’interrompre l’allaitement et aussi de proposer des stratégies individuelles pour encourager les mères et allaiter avec succès ces enfants.
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Gibbons, Cynthia, Rachel Schiffman, Holly Brophy-Herb, Hiram E. Fitzgerald, Mildred Omar, and Lorraine McKelvey. "Une étude exploratoire. Interaction entre les dyades mère-nourrisson et père-nourrisson chez les couples à faible revenu." Santé mentale au Québec 26, no. 1 (February 5, 2007): 101–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/014513ar.
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Résumé Vingt-neuf parents à faible revenu et leurs nourrissons ont participé à une recherche exploratoire portant sur les interactions parent-nourrisson et décrivant le niveau d'interactions, les similarités et les différences au sein des dyades mère-nourrisson et père-nourrisson. L'échelle de mesure Nursing Child Assessment Teaching Scale, un instrument d'observation standardisé de 73 items, a été utilisée pour mesurer les interactions. Les résultats ont montré que bien que la majorité (69%) des dyades parent-nourrisson n'ont pas démontré de comportements interactifs à risque, près de 31% de l'échantillon étaient désorganisés dans leurs interactions. De plus, les résultats ont démontré que bien que les deux parents étaient sensibles et répondaient aux signaux de leurs nourrissons, les mères étaient plus aptes que les pères à répondre à la détresse de leurs nourrissons alors que les nourrissons étaient plus clairs et répondaient mieux aux pères qu'aux mères. Avec cette information, les cliniciens et les chercheurs peuvent mieux comprendre les interactions au sein du contexte familial et renforcer les programmes d'intervention visant à maintenir et à améliorer les interactions parent-nourrisson.
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Galbraith, Peter S., Daniel Bourgault, and Mélany Belzile. "Circulation et renouvellement des masses d’eau du fjord du Saguenay." Océanographie 142, no. 2 (June 5, 2018): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1047147ar.
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La circulation de renouvellement des eaux du fjord du Saguenay est examinée à la lumière de nouvelles données océanographiques. Nous avons observé une nouvelle signature de renouvellement en température et salinité occasionnée par la crue printanière, ainsi que le remplacement d’une grande partie des eaux du fjord en moins de 2 mois, confirmant le faible temps de résidence de ces eaux. Un instrument déployé pour mesurer la température et la salinité des eaux à l’entrée du fjord nous a permis de les identifier comme étant principalement des eaux de l’estuaire du Saint-Laurent. Les eaux mesurées dans le premier bassin du fjord à marée basse étaient un mélange des eaux du seuil de salinité parmi les plus faibles observées pendant un cycle de marées, avec des eaux de surface du Saguenay. Ce mélange occasionne ensuite le renouvellement des eaux supérieures et intermédiaires du bassin interne du fjord. La plage de salinité des eaux au seuil correspond assez bien aux eaux qu’on trouve 100 km plus loin dans l’estuaire du Saint-Laurent entre 20 et 70 m. Les variations synchrones de salinité à 100 km et au seuil suggèrent un mouvement vertical simultané des eaux dans tout l’estuaire qui serait déterminant pour le type et la vitesse de renouvellement du fjord du Saguenay.
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Lai, Daniel W. L. "Depression Among the Elderly Chinese in Canada." Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 19, no. 3 (2000): 409–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0714980800015063.
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RÉSUMÉCette recherche examine la prévalence de la dépression chez les Chinois(es) aîné(e)s du Canada. On a interrogé 96 Chinois(es) aîné(e)s choisi(e)s au hasard et vivant à Calgary. On a utilisé vine version chinoise en 15 points du Geriatric Depression Scale (échelle de l'évaluation de l'état dépressif des aîné(e)s) comme instrument de mesure. Les résultats indiquent que 9,4 pour 100 des personnes interrogées étaient légèrement déprimées et que 11,5 pour 100 étaient moyennement ou gravement déprimées. Le taux de prévalence général chez les Chinois(es) aîné(e)s est plus élevé que celui de l'ensemble de la population aînée du Canada et plus faible que celui des Chinois(es) aîné(e)s des États-Unis. Les résultats de l'analyse de régression font ressortir les principaux prédicteurs de la dépression de ce groupe de la population: la maladie, le fait d'habiter le Canada depuis longtemps, ne pas connaître l'anglais, être plus jeune, et avoir une mauvaise santé physique. Les résultats soulignent également les besoins du groupe sur le plan de la santé mentale. La recherche présente de plus d'autres éléments et les répercussions pratiques des résultats.
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Baylé, Franck J., Marie Chantai Bourdel, Hervé Caci, Philip Gorwood, Jean-Michel Chignon, Jean Adés, and Henri Lôo. "Structure factorielle de la traduction française de l'échelle d'impulsivité de Barratt (BIS-10)." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 45, no. 2 (March 2000): 156–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674370004500206.
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Même si le concept d'impulsivité demeure sujet à controverses, de nombreuses d'approches ont été tentées pour mesurer cette dimension. Seules les mesures psychométriques possèdent une bonne validité consensuelle et semblent aujourd'hui opérationnelles en routine. Barratt a élaboré la plus ancienne échelle mesurant spécifiquement l'impulsivité. De nombreuses révisions ont permis d'en améliorer la validité. Nous avons traduit en français sans difficultés majeures la dixième version validée de cette échelle (Barratt Impulsivity Scale [BIS-10]) et exploré sa structure factorielle. Nous l'avons assortie d'un autoquestionnaire évaluant l'anxiété. Nous avons recruté au sein de la population générale 280 sujets âgés en moyenne de 36,9 ans (18 à 79 ans). L'âge des sujets exerce une influence faible mais significative sur les scores d'impulsivité. L'analyse en composantes principales (ACP) montre que les 9 premiers facteurs expliquent 55,6% de la variance. Une nouvelle ACP sur ces facteurs de premier ordre permet d'extraire 3 facteurs de second ordre. Ceux-ci correspondent bien au regroupement proposé par Barratt. Nos résultats confortent ceux de l'analyse initiale de l'échelle qui n 'ont pu être reproduits par la suite. Il s'agit, à notre connaissance, de la première traduction française d'un instrument qui évalue spécifiquement l'impulsivité et dont la structure factorielle a été étudiée dans la population générale.
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Edozien, C., J. L. Williams, I. Chattopadhyay, Chatterjee, and P. J. Hirsch. "Failed instrumental delivery: how safe is the use of a second instrument?" Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 19, no. 5 (January 1999): 460–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01443619964193.
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Dutercq, Yves, and Eric Maleyrot. "Les enseignants français du primaire face aux politiques de reddition de comptes : une évolution de leur professionnalisme dans un contexte d’accountability subjective." RASE: Revista de la Asociación de Sociología de la Educación 10, no. 3 (September 29, 2017): 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/rase.10.3.9971.
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Notre contribution porte sur la manière dont les enseignants français de l’école primaire publique réagissent aux politiques de performance et de responsabilisation qui se sont développées ces dernières années. Elle cherche à savoir dans quelle mesure leur professionnalisme s’en trouve redéfini. Dans une première partie, une analyse sociohistorique décrit l'évolution des mesures de responsabilisation à travers la succession des outils et de leurs objectifs mis en place pour l’aide individualisée à la réussite des élèves. Nous examinons alors comment la responsabilité attachée au professionnalisme traditionnel des enseignants est remodelée par ces nouveaux dispositifs, en prenant en compte l’autorégulation et la faible reddition dont ils font l’objet. Dans une seconde partie, nous nous centrons sur la réception par les enseignants de deux dispositifs récents. Le premier est un instrument externe de mesure des résultats des élèves, le second un dispositif de mise à disposition d’un enseignant supplémentaire dans des écoles accueillant un public défavorisé. A partir d’enquêtes réalisées antérieurement, notre analyse secondaire met en lumière à la fois les résistances et l’évolution des pratiques professionnelles que ces politiques de responsabilisation suscitent. Enfin, dans une troisième partie, nous questionnons le professionnalisme « interne » des enseignants au regard du professionnalisme « externe » attendu par l'institution. Dans une politique de responsabilisation à régulation « douce », les enseignants (ré)agissent dans un contexte que nous qualifions d’« accountability subjective », laissant apparaître deux formes de professionnalisme, l’un traditionnel, attaché à une autonomie pédagogique individuelle, l’autre à dimension collective, acceptant reddition de comptes.
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Thomas, F. C. "Diffusion Pumps and Water Chillers." Microscopy Today 9, no. 3 (April 2001): 28–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500056947.
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This note concerns two very important parts of most beam instrument systems; diffusion pumps and water chillers. As we'll see below, the two can be intimately connected.Many SEMs, TEMs and other electron beam instruments contain one or more diffusion pumps as part of their vacuum systems. These are usually vertically-oriented cylindrical objects, perhaps 30 cm high, wrapped in several turns of copper tubing. They are usually placed behind or below the instrument's column, and typically handle high vacuums for tungsten filaments, or backing for ion pumps with other emitter types. Generally, these units are fairly maintenance-free; a change of oil every few years may be all that is required.
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Peters, Scott J., and Nielsen Pereira. "A Replication of the Internal Validity Structure of Three Major Teaching Rating Scales." Journal of Advanced Academics 28, no. 2 (March 31, 2017): 101–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1932202x17701940.
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Even as the importance of replication research has become more widely understood, the field of gifted education is almost completely devoid of replication studies. An area in which replication is a particular problem is in student identification research, since instrument validity is a necessary prerequisite for any sound psychometric decision. To begin to address this issue, our study sought to replicate the internal validity structure of three teacher rating instruments. The goal was to determine whether data gathered using these instruments fit their published internal validity structures. Results indicated all three instruments failed to meet traditional fit criteria, but to varying degrees, and that further replication or instrument revision are needed before these instruments can be used with confidence.
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Moreira Braz, Adalto, Fernanda Vieira Xavier, and Patricia Helena Mirandola Garcia. "Análise da diferença entre dados altimétricos em uma bacia hidrográfica através da comparaçao entre modelos digitais de elevação." Ateliê Geográfico 12, no. 1 (August 3, 2018): 71–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/ag.v12i1.41467.
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Resumo
A utilização de Modelos Digitais de Elevação (MDE) obtidos por sensores orbitais representa uma alternativa para suprir a carência de mapeamentos nos mais diversificados segmentos de estudos. Sobre a possibilidade de estudar o relevo, um fator importante que favoreceu a inclusão do mesmo na identificação e na análise de sistemas terrestres advém de recentes coletas de dados topográficos por técnicas de sensoriamento remoto. Os dados topográficos da bacia hidrográfica do córrego Ribeirãozinho (BHCR) foram espacializados objetivando identificar diferenças dos dados altimétricos e analisar a qualidade dos mesmos, provenientes de imagens SRTM (banda C e X), Topodata e ASTER GDEM. Através da aplicação do geoprocessamento e análise estatística, utilizou-se do teste de Tukey, que consistiu em comparar e definir a menor diferença significativa entre os valores, avaliando a diferença de topografia do terreno gerado a partir do uso de um dos MDEs distribuídos gratuitamente. Além disso, buscou-se apontar o melhor instrumento para aplicações correlatas à proposta aqui apresentada.
Palavras-chave: SRTM; TOPODATA; ASTER GDEM; Teste de Tukey
Abstract
The utilization of Digital Elevation Models (DEM) got from orbitals sensors is an alternative to overcome the mapping deficiency in the most diverse segments of studies. On the possibility to relief study, an important factor that favored the inclusion of the same in the identification and terrestrial systems analysis comes from recent topographic data collected by remote sensing techniques. Topographic data of the Ribeirãozinho hydrographic basin stream (RHBS) were spatialized aiming at identifying differences in altimetry data and analyze their quality, from SRTM images (C and X band), TOPODATA and ASTER GDEM. Through the application of geoprocessing and statistic analysisit was used Tukey test, which consisted on comparing and define the smallest significant difference between values, evaluating the difference in topography of the terrain generated from the use of one of the DEM distributed free of charge. Besides that, sought to point out the best instrument for applications related to the proposal presented here.
Keywords: SRTM; TOPODATA; ASTER GDEM; Tukey test
Résumé
L’utilisation de Modèles Numériques d’Élévation (MNE) obtenus grâce à des capteurs orbitaux représente une alternative pour répondre aux insuffisances cartographiques dans la diversité des éléments des études. Sur la possibilité d’étudier le relief, un facteur important qui favorise l’inclusion de celui-ci dans l’identification et l’analyse des systèmes terrestres provenant de la récente collecte de données topographiques par des techniques de géotraitement. Les données topographiques du bassin hydrographique du cours d’eau Ribeirãozinho (BHCR) ont été spatialisés dans l’objectif d’identifier des données altimétriques et d’analyser leur qualité, provenant des images SRTM (bande C et X), Topodata et ASTER GDEM. À travers l’application du géotraitement et de l’analyse statistique, a été utilisé le test de Tukey, qui consiste à comparer et définir la plus faible différence significative entre les valeurs, l'évaluation de la différence de la topographie générée à partir de l'utilisation de l'un des protocoles d'accord distribué gratuitement. De plus, on cherche à identifier le meilleur instrument pour les applications liées à la présente proposition.
Mots-clés: SRTM; TOPODATA; ASTER GDEM; Test de Tukey
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Toure, Gnenekita, Zana Ouattara, V. Yapy-Gnaore, T. Yo, and K. G. Tanoh. "Commercialisation des moutons à Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire : variations des prix sur le marché de petits ruminants." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 58, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2005): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.9947.
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Une enquête à l’aide d’un questionnaire à passage unique a été conduite auprès des clients de moutons sur le marché à bétail de Bouaké. L’objectif a été de déterminer le comportement du prix du mouton au cours de l’année. La collecte des données, qui a accordé une attention particulière aux périodes des grandes fêtes de l’année, a porté sur le prix et quelques caractéristiques physiques des animaux. L’enquête a concerné 552 moutons commercialisés sur le marché. Le nombre de moutons vendus durant la semaine précédant chacune des fêtes a été plus élevé que celui obtenu après chaque fête. Le marché de petits ruminants de Bouaké a surtout été approvisionné par des moutons importés (81 p. 100), en majorité de type Sahélien (60 p. 100). La manière traditionnelle de fixer le prix des moutons par une appréciation visuelle de la corpulence, sans instrument de mesure, a donné des résultats comparables à la détermination du prix à l’aide de pesées. Les vendeurs ont fait montre d’une bonne expérience dans cette activité. Le poids vif et les périodes de fêtes ont influencé significativement le prix du mouton. Les moutons de grande taille, en majorité de type Sahélien, ont surtout été vendus pendant les périodes de fêtes musulmanes. Durant les semaines précédant les fêtes, le prix du mouton le plus élevé a été enregistré pour la Tabaski (en moyenne 39 705 Fcfa/mouton Sahélien et 26 750 Fcfa/mouton Djallonké) ; le prix du mouton le plus faible a été obtenu pour la Noël pour le mouton Sahélien (28 105 Fcfa/tête) et au nouvel an pour le mouton Djallonké (17 937 Fcfa/tête). Le prix des moutons a surtout été lié au poids des animaux et aux périodes de fêtes de l’année qui ont modulé le choix du client.
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Rutala, William, Maria Gergen, and David Jay Weber. "Does Blood on “Dirty” Instruments Interfere With the Effectiveness of Sterilization Technologies?" Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (October 2020): s194—s195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.734.
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Background: Surgical instruments that enter sterile tissue should be sterile because microbial contamination could result in disease transmission. Despite careful surgical instrument reprocessing, surgeons and other healthcare personnel (HCP) describe cases in which surgical instruments have been contaminated with organic material (eg, blood). Although most of these cases are observed before the instrument reaches the patient, in some cases the contaminated instrument contaminates the sterile field, or rarely, the patient. In this study, we evaluated the robustness of sterilization technologies when spores and bacteria mixed with blood were placed on dirty (uncleaned) instruments. Methods: Dirty surgical instruments were inoculated with 1.5105 to 4.1107 spores or vegetative bacteria (MRSA, VRE or Mycobacterium terrae) in the presence or absence of blood. The spores used were most resistant to the sterilization process tested (eg, Geobacillus stearothermophilus for steam and HPGP and Bacillus atrophaeus for ETO). Once the inoculum dried, the instruments were placed in a peel pouch and sterilized by steam sterilization, ethylene oxide (ETO), or hydrogen peroxide gas plasma (HPGP). These experiments are not representative of practice or manufacturer’s recommendations because cleaning must always precede sterilization. Results: Steam sterilization killed all the G. stearothermophilus spores and M. terrae when inoculated onto dirty instruments in the presence or absence of blood (Table 1). ETO failed to inactivate all test spores (B. atrophaeus) when inoculated onto dirty instruments (60% failure) and dirty instruments with blood (90% failure). ETO did kill the vegetative bacteria (MRSA, VRE) under the same 2 test conditions (ie, dirty instruments with and without blood). The failure rates for HPGP for G. stearothermophilus spores and MRSA were 60% and 40%, respectively, when mixed with blood on a dirty instrument. Conclusions:This investigation demonstrated that steam sterilization is the most robust sterilization process and is effective even when instruments were not cleaned and the test organisms (G. stearothermophilus spores and MRSA) were mixed with blood. The low-temperature sterilization technologies tested (ie, ETO, HPGP) failed to inactivate the test spores but ETO did kill the test bacteria (ie, MRSA, VRE). These findings should assist HCP to assess the risk of infection to patients when potentially contaminated surgical instruments enter the sterile field or are unintentionally used on patients during surgery. Our data also demonstrate the importance of thorough cleaning prior to sterilization.Funding: NoneDisclosures: Dr. Rutala was a consultant to ASP (Advanced Sterilization Products)
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Stronsick, Lisa M., Samantha E. Tuft, Sara Incera, and Conor T. McLennan. "Masculine harps and feminine horns: Timbre and pitch level influence gender ratings of musical instruments." Psychology of Music 46, no. 6 (November 10, 2017): 896–912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0305735617734629.
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We examined whether timbre (instrument), pitch level, or both influence gender ratings of musical instruments. According to previous research, a variety of musical instruments are categorized or rated as masculine, neutral, or feminine in a relatively consistent way. Gender associations to musical instruments have been rather reliable across time and across participant populations. We investigated the gender ratings of nine musical instruments (three masculine, three neutral, and three feminine) each heard at low, medium, and high pitch levels within the playable range of each instrument. Both timbre and pitch level influenced participants’ gender ratings. The effect of timbre is consistent with results of previous studies, further demonstrating that participants rate instruments fairly consistently. One novel finding is that pitch level also played a role in participants’ gender ratings. The ratings of all instruments heard in low pitch levels were shifted in the masculine direction, and the ratings of all instruments heard in high pitch levels were shifted in the feminine direction. These results provide evidence for the notion that participants are influenced by associations to both timbre and pitch level when rating musical instruments on gender.
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Schedel, Margaret. "Anticipating interactivity: Henry Cowell and the Rhythmicon." Organised Sound 7, no. 3 (December 2002): 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355771802003047.
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In the early 1930s, maverick composer Henry Cowell collaborated with inventor Leon Theremin to build an electronic instrument capable of producing intricate polyrhythms. This instrument, dubbed the Rhythmicon, can be considered a rudimentary example of an interactive music system. Cowell and Theremin created the machine to fulfil a compositional need, but it ultimately failed to become a successful musical instrument. The Rhythmicon was one of the first electronic music instruments to use technology to extend performers' musical capacities, anticipating the interactive computer music movement by several decades. Despite its shortcomings, the Rhythmicon should be remembered as an important step on the road to interactivity.
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Boquet, Matthieu, Philippe Royer, Jean-Pierre Cariou, Mehdi Machta, and Matthieu Valla. "Simulation of Doppler Lidar Measurement Range and Data Availability." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 33, no. 5 (May 2016): 977–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-15-0057.1.
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AbstractThe measurement range of a coherent wind Doppler lidar (CWDL) along a laser beam is the maximum distance from the lidar where wind speed data are accurately retrieved. It means that, at this distance, a sufficient number of emitted laser photons are backscattered and received by the lidar. Understanding of the propagation of the laser through the atmosphere, and particularly the backscattering and extinction processes from aerosols, is therefore important to estimate the metrological performances of a CWDL instrument. The range is directly related to specific instrument characteristics and atmospheric content, such as the aerosols type, size, and density distributions. Associated with the measurement range is the notion of data availability, which can be defined, at a given range and over a time period, as the percentage number of data retrieved correctly by the CWDL over the total number of measurement attempts.This paper proposes a new approach to predict the CWDL data availability and range of measurement using both instrumental simulation and atmospheric observations of aerosol optical properties from weather stations and simulations. This method is applied in several CWDL measurement campaigns during which estimated data availabilities and ranges are compared with the observations. It is shown that it is fairly possible to anticipate the data availability and the range coverage of CWDL technology at any site of interest where atmospheric data are available. The method also offers an additional way to diagnose the operation of the instrument and will help in the design of future instruments.
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El-Anwar, Mohamed I., Salah A. Yousief, Engy M. Kataia, and Tarek M. Abd El-Wahab. "Finite Element Study on Continuous Rotating versus Reciprocating Nickel-Titanium Instruments." Brazilian Dental Journal 27, no. 4 (August 2016): 436–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201600480.
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Abstract In the present study, GTX and ProTaper as continuous rotating endodontic files were numerically compared with WaveOne reciprocating file using finite element analysis, aiming at having a low cost, accurate/trustworthy comparison as well as finding out the effect of instrument design and manufacturing material on its lifespan. Two 3D finite element models were especially prepared for this comparison. Commercial engineering CAD/CAM package was used to model full detailed flute geometries of the instruments. Multi-linear materials were defined in analysis by using real strain-stress data of NiTi and M-Wire. Non-linear static analysis was performed to simulate the instrument inside root canal at a 45° angle in the apical portion and subjected to 0.3 N.cm torsion. The three simulations in this study showed that M-Wire is slightly more resistant to failure than conventional NiTi. On the other hand, both materials are fairly similar in case of severe locking conditions. For the same instrument geometry, M-Wire instruments may have longer lifespan than the conventional NiTi ones. In case of severe locking conditions both materials will fail similarly. Larger cross sectional area (function of instrument taper) resisted better to failure than the smaller ones, while the cross sectional shape and its cutting angles could affect instrument cutting efficiency.
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Skrodzka, Ewa B., Bogumił B. J. Linde, and Antoni Krupa. "Modal Parameters of Two Violins with Different Varnish Layers and Subjective Evaluation of Their Sound Quality." Archives of Acoustics 38, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aoa-2013-0009.
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Abstract Two violins were investigated. The only intentionally introduced difference between them was the type of varnish. One of the instruments was covered with a spirit varnish, the other was oil varnished. Experimental modal analysis was done for unvarnished/varnished violins and a questionnaire inquiry on the instrument’s sound quality was performed. The aim of both examinations was to find differences and similarities between the two instruments in the objective (modal parameters) and subjective domain (subjective evaluation of sound quality). In the modal analysis, three strongly radiating signature modes were taken into account. Varnishing did not change the sequence of mode shapes. Modal frequencies A0 and B(1+) were not changed by oil varnishing compared to the unvarnished condition. For the oil varnished instrument, the frequency of mode B(1+) was lower than that of the same mode of the spirit varnished instrument. Our two violins were not excellent instruments, but before varnishing they were practically identical. However, after varnishing it appeared that the oil-varnished violin was better than the spirit-varnished instrument. Therefore, it can be assumed with a fairly high probability that also in general, the oil-varnished violins sound somewhat better than initially identical spirit-varnished ones.
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Otaya, Lian Gafar, Badrun Kartowagiran, and Heri Retnawati. "The construct validity and reliability of the lesson plan assessment instrument in primary schools." Jurnal Prima Edukasia 8, no. 2 (July 26, 2020): 126–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/jpe.v8i2.33275.
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This study aims to prove the construct validity of the lesson plan assessment instrument in primary schools. In addition, the purpose of this study is to estimate the reliability of lesson plan instruments in primary schools. This research uses a descriptive quantitative approach that is carried out on professional teacher education students at Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta and Universitas Islam Negeri Makassar. The subjects of this study were 516 randomly selected students. Data collection is done through documentation of the results of assessments from the field supervisor of each student. The data analysis technique used is confirmatory factor analysis and composites score reliability. The results showed that the lesson plan assessment instrument was measured by 25 items spread over 4 indicators. All items in the lesson plan assessment instrument indicators are construct valid after being tested through confirmatory factor analysis. In addition, the lesson plan assessment instrument in this study was reliable and had a fairly high construct reliability coefficient of 0.92.
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Abbott, P. C. "Tariff-rate quotas: failed market access instruments?" European Review of Agriculture Economics 29, no. 1 (March 1, 2002): 109–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/erae/29.1.109.
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Ahmad, Hishamuddin, Nordin Mamat, Mazlina Che Mustafa, and Syahida Iryani Mohd Yusoff. "Validating the teaching, learning, and assessment quality of Malaysian ECCE instrument." International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) 10, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v10i1.20857.
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<span>Several instruments that measure the teaching, learning, and assessment quality have been developed and published. However, a psychometrically sound instrument to measure teaching, learning, and assessment quality in early childhood care and education that suitable for the Malaysian context needs to be validated. Therefore, this study aimed to validate on teaching, learning, and assessment quality in early childhood care and education instrument, which contains 68 items. The sample comprised 3,498, selected by stratified random sampling from a population of all Malaysian kindergarten teachers. Data were analyzed based on the Polytomous Item Response Theory (IRT) using the Xcalibre software. Samejima's Graded Rating Model (SRGM) was found to be the fit model with the data. Unidimensionality assumption and local independence were tested using the exploratory factor analysis and were fulfilled. The instrument’s reliability was overall very good (α=0.966) and the construct validity was also fairly fulfilled with the value of 58.17% total variance explained. Therefore, this instrument is suggested to be used as fairly to measure the quality of Malaysian early childhood care and education among teachers so that appropriate follow-up actions can be implemented towards the betterment of early childhood education quality.</span>
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Kim, Jinyup. "Tackling biopiracy in Southeast Asia: the need for a legally binding regional instrument." Asia Pacific Journal of Environmental Law 23, no. 1 (May 15, 2020): 74–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/apjel.2020.01.03.
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Biopiracy, largely defined as misappropriation of biological resources and associated traditional knowledge, has occurred all around the world. Southeast Asia, one of the world's biodiversity hotspots, has been a victim of biopiracy in a number of cases across the region. Despite the high occurrence of the exploitation of resources, the region has not responded to the problem of biopiracy adequately. One of the most important reasons for this lack of response to biopiracy is the absence of a legally binding regional instrument(s). However, considering that (i) biopiracy does not respect national borders, (ii) most of the Southeast Asian states have ratified the Nagoya Protocol to the Convention on Biological Diversity, and (iii) soft law instruments adopted so far have failed to tackle biopiracy, this article argues that a legally binding regional regime should be established to tackle biopiracy in a consistent manner. Following an analysis of a number of biopiracy cases in the region, this article discusses why a legally binding instrument(s) is necessary. It suggests how to improve the current regional instruments pertaining to access and benefit sharing in relation to biological resources and associated traditional knowledge, based on the analysis of instruments adopted to tackle biopiracy in other regions.
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Dasanayaka, DLW, A. Sidique, and J. Hooker. "Can we reduce failed instrumental delivery?" Galle Medical Journal 19, no. 2 (January 11, 2015): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/gmj.v19i2.7908.
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Muttaqin, Darmawan. "Psychometric Properties of Identity Style Inventory-5 Indonesian Version: Factor Structure, Reliability, and Criterion Validity." Jurnal Psikologi 48, no. 1 (April 26, 2021): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jpsi.46179.
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This research evaluated the psychometric properties of the Identity Style Inventory-5 (ISI-5) Indonesian version using 763 adolescents aged 18-21 years. The evaluation process was carried out by examining the factor structure, reliability, and criterion validity using confirmatory factor analysis, composite reliability, and by correlating with other measuring instruments. The analysis results indicated that the ISI-5 version's factor structure with three factors of identity style and one identity commitment is fit with the data and has good internal consistency. The correlation between this version and other measuring instruments proves that it has fairly good criterion validity. The results showed that the ISI-5 Indonesian version is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring Indonesian adolescents' identity style and commitment.
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Tararak, Yu P. "The history of the origin and development of the trumpet: the organological aspect." Problems of Interaction Between Arts, Pedagogy and the Theory and Practice of Education 54, no. 54 (December 10, 2019): 123–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum1-54.08.
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Logical reason for research. Modern performance on wind instruments, in particular on the trumpet, is characterized by a powerful development. It is an object of listening interest and composing, and today it has a fairly large repertoire of both transpositions and original works in many instrumental compositions (from solo to various ensembles and orchestras) in different styles and genres. This situation in music practice requires theoretical understanding and generalization, however, we can state that at the moment, music science highlights the performance on the wind instruments without any system, mostly from the methodological viewpoint. Innovation. The article under consideration deals with the organological aspect of studying the specificity of the performance on the trumpet, which combines a number of historical and practical questions and allows them to be answered in connection with the requests of both music science and music practice (from the peculiarities of the sound production on various instruments of the trumpet family at different times (from the historical origins of trumpet performance to the present) to the technical and artistic tasks faced by the trumpet performer, as well as by the composers who create both transpositions of time-tested music for trumpet and original trumpet pieces that take into account technical, timbre, artistic and expressive capabilities of this instrument). Objectives. The purpose of research is to reveal connection between the historical-organological and practical specificity of the performance on the trumpet in the past and at present. Methods. The main methods of the research are historical and organological. Results and Discussion. Trumpet as a musical instrument is one of the oldest musical instruments in the world. Its earliest prototypes are revealed in archaeological studies of the historical past of humanity. The prototypes of embouchure instruments are horn, bone, and tusk pipes with conical bore, mostly curved, which are ancestors of the horn family; instruments with straight cylindrical pipes formed a family of trumpet. The art of playing wind instruments was a significant development in ancient Egypt, where the state placed musical art at the service of rulers and worship. Musicians in those days accompanied festive events and rituals; what is more, wind and percussion instruments became the basis for the creation of military orchestras. A straight metal trumpet appeared in Europe in the Middle Ages. In the countries of Central Asia, Iran, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan copper brass instruments were played. China’s music and performing culture employed bronze trumpets of various sizes. In the 14th-15th centuries the evolution of metal instruments underwent qualitative changes. Forms of curved trumpets were born. In addition to this, trumpets were split into low and high ones; later, middle-register instruments appeared. The so-called natural trumpets, used then, were very close in sound to the modern trumpet. In Europe there were masters who made metal instruments; eminent experts in this field, the Heinlein Schmidt family, the Nagel family, English masters Dudley, U. Bullem worked in Nuremberg from the 15th and up to the 19th century. The emergence of a slide trumpet, a trumpet with a sliding crook, is connected with the attempts to improve the instrument for the sound production of more chromatic sounds (we must distinguish the achievements of Anton Weidinger). An important step in the evolution of the chromatic trumpet was the use of horn invention (croooks). In the mid-nineteenth century, having improved the inventory system with a valve mechanism, the trumpet finally gained its place in the orchestra as a chromatic instrument. At the present time, a trumpet with a piston valve mechanism (in jazz, variety, modern music) has become very popular. At the turn of the 19th-20th centuries, trumpets of different structures, such as in C, in D, in Es, in F, were constructed; the designs of these trumpets are almost indistinguishable from the design of the modern trumpet. The piccolo trumpet was designed for a solo performance of ancient music (clarinet style); to amplify the low sounds, the alt trumpet in F and the bass trumpet became popular. Compared to fixed-mode instruments, the trumpet is a semifixed-pitch instrument. Therefore, a skilled performer is able to adjust the pitch within a certain area and correct defects in the setting of separate modeless sounds. The "planned" inaccuracy of the trumpet intonation is related to the use of a third valve. To correct the intonation associated with this, the trumpet has a device for extending an additional pipe of the third valve. There is no precise theoretical prediction of the given problem, so the correction of modeless sounds requires from the performer well-developed musical ear and knowledge of the specific features of their instrument. Conclusions. The summarized results of the presented article indicate that the organological aspect of the research in the field of performance on wind instruments, in particular, on the trumpet, is important and illustrative. It is an indispensable link that binds the theoretical and practical vectors of the study of trumpet art as a single set of knowledge; helps to identify the connection between the historical, organological and practical aspects of the performance on the trumpet, both past and present; promotes awareness of the specificity of playing a particular instrument, especially, understanding and assimilation of the design features of the trumpet in all its historical variants, and the corresponding principles of sound production with technical-acoustic and artistic effects; outlines the theoretical, scientific and methodological tasks for performers and composers whose work is related to the art of playing the trumpet. These are the directions in which further avenues for researching music related to the performance on the trumpet of different times, styles and genres can be seen.
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Nen, Madlena, Cristina Nicolescu, and Crina Rădulescu. "University Promotion – Key Factor Of The Use Of Marketing Strategies, In The Context Of Improving The Romanian Higher Education. Case Study." Balkan Region Conference on Engineering and Business Education 1, no. 1 (August 15, 2014): 633–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cplbu-2014-0114.
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AbstractThis scientific approach was triggered by the interest to analyze the ability of Romanian higher education to use the marketing strategies, such as the use of promotion, (as instrument of the marketing mix), as strategies of boosting their competitive advantage. The research final conclusions highlight, however, an incipient crystallization of this ability, standing by the initial statement, according to which the Romanian higher education institutions have not yet reached the maturity level in using the marketing instruments, which calls for, in a fairly foreseeable future, the need to adjust their using manner.
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van Schie, Kevin, and Arne Leer. "Lateral Eye Movements Do Not Increase False-Memory Rates: A Failed Direct-Replication Study." Clinical Psychological Science 7, no. 5 (July 19, 2019): 1159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167702619859335.
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In this direct replication of Houben, Otgaar, Roelofs, and Merckelbach ( Clinical Psychological Science, 6, 610–616, 2018), we tested whether making eye movements during memory recall increases susceptibility to creating false memories. Undergraduates ( N = 206) watched a video of a car crash, after which they recalled the video with or without simultaneously making eye movements. Next, participants received misinformation about the video. Finally, during the critical test, they were questioned about video details. The results showed that making eye movements did not increase endorsement of misinformation (i.e., false memory), nor did it reduce (correct) memory details or memory vividness and emotionality. Random variation in sampling or measurement, low reliability of the test instrument, and observer-expectancy effects may explain discrepancies between study effects. Only multiple direct replications by different (independent) laboratories with standardized instruments will allow for assessing whether the effect is robust and largely independent of random variation and moderators.
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Volkert, C. A., and A. M. Minor. "Focused Ion Beam Microscopy and Micromachining." MRS Bulletin 32, no. 5 (May 2007): 389–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2007.62.
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AbstractThe fairly recent availability of commercial focused ion beam (FIB) microscopes has led to rapid development of their applications for materials science. FIB instruments have both imaging and micromachining capabilities at the nanometer–micrometer scale; thus, a broad range of fundamental studies and technological applications have been enhanced or made possible with FIB technology. This introductory article covers the basic FIB instrument and the fundamentals of ion–solid interactions that lead to the many unique FIB capabilities as well as some of the unwanted artifacts associated with FIB instruments. The four topical articles following this introduction give overviews of specific applications of the FIB in materials science, focusing on its particular strengths as a tool for characterization and transmission electron microscopy sample preparation, as well as its potential for ion beam fabrication and prototyping.
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Keown, M., N. Chauhan, C. Shiach, A. M. H. P. van den Besselaar, A. Tripodi, J. Jespersen, and L. Poller. "European Concerted Action on Anticoagulation (ECAA): International Normalized Ratio Variability of CoaguChek and TAS Point-of-Care Testing Whole Blood Prothrombin Time Monitors." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 88, no. 12 (2002): 992–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1613345.
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SummaryThe object was to assess the variability in displayed International Normalised Ratio (INR) between monitors of the same manufacture using whole blood samples from the same subjects. Two brands of monitor, CoaguChek Mini and the TAS PT-NC were tested.14 instruments of each brand were tested on the same day at the same laboratory by the same operator using identical blood samples to avoid between-centre differences in samples and operator technique. Whole blood samples from two normal donors and four coumarintreated patients were tested to assess between-instrument variability of INR.Results have been coded. There was a much wider dispersion of INR on Brand B than on Brand A. One Brand A instrument failed to give a result with one of the two whole blood samples from one patient. One Brand B monitor gave an aberrant result with one of the samples from a normal subject.On both brands of monitor, INR variability appeared to be due mainly to duplication differences rather than between-instrument variability on both normal and coumarin whole blood samples.
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Saropala, N., and K. Chaturachinda. "Failed instrumental delivery: Ramathibodi hospital, 1980-1988." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 36, no. 3 (November 1991): 203–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7292(91)90714-g.
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Ogunniyi, Daniel. "The Challenge of Domesticating Children's Rights Treaties in Nigeria and Alternative Legal Avenues for Protecting Children." Journal of African Law 62, no. 3 (October 2018): 447–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855318000232.
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AbstractThe domestication of child-related treaties is not a straightforward process in Nigeria. Unlike treaties with another thematic focus, the majority of constituent states must give their full consent before any child-related instrument may be domesticated at the federal level and subsequently re-enacted in the domestic states. In many ways, the plural legal orders in the country and the differing perceptions of childhood make consensus difficult to achieve in terms of child rights legislation. In this regard, even though the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child has been domesticated (through a contestable procedure), 11 of Nigeria's 36 constituent states have failed to re-enact the domesticating instrument. This study elaborates on this problem, and then examines some instruments that are not affected by the domestication challenges and may offer useful protection to children with regard to certain sectoral aspects, especially child labour and child trafficking.
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Sia, Michael, George Rodrigues, Cynthia Menard, Andrew Bayley, Robert Bristow, Peter Chung, Mary Gospodarowicz, Michael Milosevic, Padraig Warde, and Charles Catton. "Treatment-related toxicity and symptom-related bother followingpostoperative radiotherapy for prostate cancer." Canadian Urological Association Journal 4, no. 2 (April 16, 2013): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5489/cuaj.801.
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ntroduction: Patients have reported late effects and symptom-relatedbother following postoperative radiotherapy for prostate cancer.Methods: Patients treated with postoperative radiotherapy weresurveyed at a median 56 months after radiotherapy using the ProstateCancer Radiation Therapy instrument. A retrospective review wasundertaken to obtain Radiation Therapy Oncology Group-LateEffects Normal Tissue (RTOG-LENT) toxicity scores at baselineand during follow-up.Results: Survey response was 64.5%. Median prostate bed radiationdose was 66 Gy given at a median 14 months after surgery.Adjuvant hormone therapy was given for 2 to 3 years to 40 patients;22 received salvage therapy.PCRT impairment subscales were reported as mild for gastrointestinaldysfunction, moderate for genitourinary dysfunction andmarked for sexual dysfunction. The use of one or more incontinencepads daily was reported by 25.6% and was similar to 23%use reported at baseline. Frequent or worse urinary frequency orhematuria was reported by 4.8%, and by 8.4% of respondentsfor bowel dysfunction. Moderate to severe disruption from boweland bladder dysfunction was reported by up to 5.4% and 2.4%of respondents, respectively.Erectile function was described as poor to none in 88.3% ofrespondents, and dissatisfaction with sexual functioning was reportedby 42.7%. Counselling or treatment was offered to 59% of thosefollowed.Conclusion: Combined surgery and postoperative radiotherapy areassociated with low and moderate rates of bowel and bladderdysfunction respectively, with low reported bother. High levelsof sexual dysfunction and bother are seen following combinedtherapy. More effective pre- and post-treatment counselling arerequired, along with research into more effective prevention andtreatment strategies.Introduction : Des patients ont signalé l’apparition d’effets tardifset de symptômes incommodants après une radiothérapie postopératoirepour le traitement d’un cancer de la prostate.Méthodologie : On a mené un sondage auprès de patients traitéspar radiothérapie postopératoire environ 56 mois (valeur mé diane)après cette thérapie à l’aide du questionnaire de qualité de vieliée à une radiothérapie pour traiter un cancer de la prostate (QdVPCRT).Une analyse rétrospective a ensuite été menée à l’aide duquestionnaire du RTOG (Radiation Therapy Oncology Group) surles effets tardifs sur le tissu normal pour obtenir les scores de toxicitéau départ et pendant le suivi.Résultats : Le taux de réponse au sondage était de 64,5 %. Ladose médiane de rayonnement au niveau de la région prostatiqueétait de 66 Gy administrée environ 14 mois (valeur médiane) aprèsl’intervention chirurgicale. Quarante patients ont reçu une hormonothérapieadjuvante pendant 2 à 3 ans; 22 patients ont reçuun traitement de sauvetage.Les sous-échelles de symptômes du questionnaire QdV-PCRTont montré un léger taux de troubles gastro-intestinaux, un tauxmodéré de troubles génito-urinaires et un taux prononcé de troublessexuels. Le recours à une ou plusieurs serviettes pour incontinentspar jour a été signalé par 25,6 % des patients, soit un tauxsimilaire au taux de 23 % signalé au départ. Une miction fréquenteou accrue ou une hématurie ont été signalées par 4,8 % des patients,et par 8,4 % des répondants ayant signalé des troubles intesti -naux. Des troubles intestinaux et vésicaux modérés ou graves ontété signalés par un maximum de 5,4 % et 2,4 % des patients,respectivement.La fonction érectile a été décrite comme étant faible ou nullechez 88,3 % des patients, et le taux signalé d’insatisfaction quantà la fonction sexuelle était de 42,7 %. Des conseils ou un traitementont été offerts à 59 % des patients suivis.Conclusion : L’association d’une intervention chirurgicale et d’uneradiothérapie postopératoire est liée à des taux faibles et modérésde troubles intestinaux et vésicaux, respectivement, et un faibletaux de symptômes incommodants. Des taux élevés de troubleset symptômes incommodants sur le plan sexuel sont observés aprèsle traitement. Un counseling plus efficace avant et après le traitementest nécessaire, de même que des études visant l’élaborationde meilleures stratégies de prévention et de traitement.
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Piegzik, Wioletta A. "ÉVALUER LES CONNAISSANCES IMPLICITES ET EXPLICITES EN FRANÇAIS LANGUE ÉTRANGÈRE PAR LES TESTS DE JUGEMENT DE GRAMMATICALITÉ : ANALYSE DES OUTILS ET PRÉSENTATION DES RÉSULTATS DE LA RECHERCHE." Neofilolog, no. 54/2 (June 30, 2020): 205–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/n.2020.54.2.2.
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The aim of this paper is to evaluate implicit and explicit knowledge among Polish speaking students studying French as a foreign language in the academic environment. In the first part, we discuss a timed grammaticality judgment test (TGJT) as an instrument for measuring implicit knowledge and an untimed grammaticality judgment test (UGJT) as a tool for evaluating explicit knowledge and we propose solutions to sidestep some of the weaknesses of both these instruments which were observed in our research. The second part focuses on the presentation of the research results, leading to the conclusion that the group of students at A2 level develop implicit and explicit knowledge in a fairly balanced way
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Fuchs, H., T. Brauers, H. P. Dorn, H. Harder, R. Häseler, A. Hofzumahaus, F. Holland, et al. "Technical Note: Formal blind intercomparison of HO<sub>2</sub> measurements in the atmosphere simulation chamber SAPHIR during the HOxComp campaign." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10, no. 24 (December 23, 2010): 12233–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-12233-2010.
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Abstract. Hydroperoxy radical (HO2) concentrations were measured during the formal blind intercomparison campaign HOxComp carried out in Jülich, Germany, in 2005. Three instruments detected HO2 via chemical conversion to hydroxyl radicals (OH) and subsequent detection of the sum of OH and HO2 by laser induced fluorescence (LIF). All instruments were based on the same detection and calibration scheme. Because measurements by a MIESR instrument failed during the campaign, no absolute reference measurement was available, so that the accuracy of individual instruments could not be addressed. Instruments sampled ambient air for three days and were attached to the atmosphere simulation chamber SAPHIR during the second part of the campaign. Six experiments of one day each were conducted in SAPHIR, where air masses are homogeneously mixed, in order to investigate the performance of instruments and to determine potential interferences of measurements under well-controlled conditions. Linear correlation coefficients (R2) between measurements of the LIF instruments are generally high and range from 0.82 to 0.98. However, the agreement between measurements is variable. The regression analysis of the entire data set of measurements in SAPHIR yields slopes between 0.69 to 1.26 and intercepts are smaller than typical atmospheric daytime concentrations (less than 1 pptv). The quality of fit parameters improves significantly, when data are grouped into data subsets of similar water vapor concentrations. Because measurements of LIF instruments were corrected for a well-characterized water dependence of their sensitivities, this indicates that an unknown factor related to water vapor affected measurements in SAPHIR. Measurements in ambient air are also well-correlated, but regression parameters differ from results obtained from SAPHIR experiments. This could have been caused by differences in HO2 concentrations in the sampled air at the slightly different locations of instruments.
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Badawy, Walid Salah, M. A. El Masry, Y. A. Radwan, and T. T. El Haddidi. "Results of instrumented posterolateral fusion in failed back surgery." International Orthopaedics 30, no. 4 (April 25, 2006): 305–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00264-006-0081-3.
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Wahyuningsih, Indah Sri, Awal Prasetyo, and Reni Sulung Utami. "Sensitivity and Specificity of the Comfort Scale to Assess Pain in Ventilated Critically Ill Adult Patients in Intensive Care Unit." Nurse Media Journal of Nursing 7, no. 1 (July 5, 2017): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/nmjn.v7i1.15126.
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Background: Pain is a common phenomenon experienced by ventilated and critically ill adult patients. It is urgent to measure the pain among these patients since they are unable to report their pain verbally. Comfort Scale is one of the instruments used to measure pain in adult patients. The scale is used to measure pain among children patients with fairly high sensitivity and specificity.Purpose: This study aimed to examine the sensitivity and specificity of the Comfort Scale to measure pain in the ventilated critically ill adult patients in the ICU.Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional design with 66 ventilated adult patients in the ICUs of two hospitals in Semarang. The pain assessment was administered to the patients in 2 duplo periods by two observers comparing with the Comfort Scale and Critical Care Pain Observational Tool (CPOT) as a gold standard instrument during the pre and post positioning procedures. The data were analyzed using the receiver operating curve (ROC).Result: The results showed that in the pre-positioning procedure, the Comfort Scale had the sensitivity value of 69% and the specificity value of 81%. Meanwhile, in the post-positioning procedure, the values were decreasing (the sensitivity of 45%, the specificity of 67%). This indicated that the sensitivity value of the comfort scale decreased and could be interpreted that the ability of the instrument to detect pain remained low. Meanwhile, the decrease of the specificity value of the instrument between the pre and post administration was not far different, so it could be interpreted that the instrument can correctly identify the patient without pain.Conclusion: The Comfort Scale had a lower value of sensitivity and specificity in the post-positioning than that in the pre-positioning procedure. It is recommended that further studies should focus on the relationship between sedation and pain by using instruments of pain studies for adult patients (CPOT). Additionally, the hospital policy makers, that is Pain Task Force is expected to give education and training through workshops and seminars about the nurse skills in pain management on critical areas as part of the multidisciplinary team.
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M. Danaher, Maurice, and Kevin Schoepp. "Effective Assessment of Workplace Problem-Solving in Higher Education." Journal of Information Technology Education: Research 19 (2020): 001–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4496.
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Aim/Purpose: Within higher education, graduating students who are able to solve ill-structured, complex, open-ended, and collaborative, workplace problems is recognized as paramount. Because of this, there is a need to assess this skill across the curriculum. Background: This paper addresses this issue by assessing problem-solving across a computing curriculum using an assessment instrument shown to be reliable and valid. Methodology: The method is based upon the implementation of the assessment instrument that uses a scenario-based asynchronous discussion board measuring the ability of student groups to solve workplace problems. The sample are computing students from the 2nd, 3rd, 4th year, and master’s levels at a UAE university. Contribution: This paper shows the problem-solving skills of students over four years of study across a computing curriculum and demonstrates the effectiveness of the instrument. Findings: There was a general increase in student problem-solving performance from the 2nd, 3rd, 4th year, and master’s levels, but students often failed to meet the expected level of performance for their year of study. In addition, the instrument was effective in assessing problem-solving. Recommendations for Practitioners: This assessment instrument, or one similar, that uses a scenario-based asynchronous discussion board can be used to measure the ability of student groups to solve workplace problems. Impact on Society: Students must be prepared to solve workplace problems to meet the needs of 21st century employment. Future Research: Further research should be conducted with this assessment instrument, or one similar, outside of this fairly unique UAE- based context.
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Kar, J., J. Fishman, J. K. Creilson, A. Richter, J. Ziemke, and S. Chandra. "Are there urban signatures in the tropospheric ozone column products derived from satellite measurements?" Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10, no. 11 (June 14, 2010): 5213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-5213-2010.
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Abstract. In view of the proposed geostationary satellite missions to monitor air quality from space, it is important to first assess the capability of the current suite of satellite instruments to provide information on the urban scale pollution. We explore the possibility of detecting urban signatures in the tropospheric column ozone data derived from Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS)/Solar Backscattered Ultraviolet (SBUV) and Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI)/Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) satellite data. We find that distinct isolated plumes of tropospheric ozone near several large and polluted cities around the world may be detected in these data sets. The ozone plumes generally correspond with the tropospheric column NO2 plumes around these cities as observed by the Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography (SCIAMACHY) instrument. Similar plumes are also seen in tropospheric mean ozone mixing ratio distribution after accounting for the surface and tropopause pressure variations. The total column ozone retrievals indicate fairly significant sensitivity to the lower troposphere over the polluted land areas, which might help explain these detections. These results indicate that ultraviolet (UV) measurements may, in principle, be able to capture the urban signatures and may have implications for future missions using geostationary satellites.
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Deibl, Ines, Jörg Zumbach, Viola M. Geiger, and Christine M. Neuner. "Constructive Alignment in the Field of Educational Psychology: Development and Application of a Questionnaire for Assessing Constructive Alignment." Psychology Learning & Teaching 17, no. 3 (August 15, 2018): 293–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1475725718791050.
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Teaching of Psychology includes a great variety of topics, course formats, and assessment approaches. A central concept that incorporated the interface between teaching goals, instructional methods, and examination modalities is referred to as Constructive Alignment (CA). This model addresses possible designs of teaching to improve students’ learning outcomes as well as enhance their learning experiences, and claims to be applicable independent of disciplinary culture or content. Despite the importance of this approach from an instructional point of view, there is hardly any research, so far, that has been concerned with capturing the three dimensions of CA. As a consequence, the aim of our study was to create an instrument to assess the quality of CA within psychology classes. A questionnaire was designed and was additionally analyzed with regard to students’ judgements about overall course evaluation. The questionnaire was employed in two lectures within the field of educational psychology for teacher training students. Results reveal that overall course evaluation can be predicted by the match between course objectives and instructional methods whereas other course evaluation factors failed as predictors. With a high internal consistency, the instrument provides an alternative or a supplement for traditional course evaluation instruments.
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McMillan, Libba Reed, and David M. Shannon. "Psychometric Analysis of the JSPE Nursing Student Version R: Comparison of Senior BSN Students and Medical Students Attitudes toward Empathy in Patient Care." ISRN Nursing 2011 (May 11, 2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/726063.
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Background. Empathic communication skills are critical to providing high-quality nursing care to holistically understand the patient's perspective. A survey research design was used to address the research questions discussed in this study. Data consisted of responses from nursing students attending accredited programs in the southeastern United Sates using the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy Nursing Student Version R (JSPE-R). Findings. Comparisons of the total scores from JSPE Versions S and R yielded similar means and standard deviations with 115 and 114.57, respectively, and standard deviations of 10 and 10.94, respectively. The results of a one-sample t-test failed to render statistical significance (), indicating that the overall attitudes of nursing students and medical students are similar. The 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles and overall instrument reliability were also comparable. Conclusions. This paper supports the emergence of alternative factor analysis structures as applied to nursing students through statistical progression from exploratory factor analysis to confirmatory structures. Implications for practice explore the utility of empathy instruments in nurse education, such as empathy progression through curriculum. As nursing educators, the utility of development of instruments to measure effectiveness of teaching strategies and pedagogy for empathy enhancement in practice is important.
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Abdurraheem, Abdulazeez, and Asmadi Mohamed Naim. "Sub-Sahara Africa’s Infrastructure Funding Gap: Potentials from Sukuk Financing." Indian-Pacific Journal of Accounting and Finance 2, no. 4 (October 1, 2018): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.52962/ipjaf.2018.2.4.53.
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Sub-Sahara African (SSA) region as a large part of the African continent suffers huge infrastructure deficit mainly as a result of the vast funding gap. The negative impact of the infrastructure deficiency continues to constrain socio-economic development and the general well-being of the people of the region. Heavy reliance on the traditional sources of funding by many of the countries in the region has failed to meet ever-growing demands for infrastructural development of the region. Potentials presented by Islamic finance are yet to be exploited by a large number of countries in the region. This study evaluates the depth of utilisation of Islamic capital market using Sukuk instruments as another source of funding to fill the observed funding gap for infrastructure development. This study finds that the use of Sukuk as a long-term financing instrument is still at its infancy stage in the region. The paper, therefore, suggests that the SSA countries can undertake rapid and massive infrastructure developments in the region through the use of Sukuk instruments, thereby eliminating increasing sovereign debt over-hang from the conventional debt market. This study also recommends that policy makers in the region put in place required laws and regulations that will provide enabling environments for effective utilisation of Sukuk instruments for infrastructural development. Similarly, strong political will on the part of the region’s political leaders is essential in nurturing strong institutions that can engender policy continuity to ensure effective and efficient management of infrastructure projects funded by Sukuk instruments.
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Hand, Matthew, Andrea Crampton, Annette Thomas, and Eric S. Kilpatrick. "A survey of clinical laboratory instrument verification in the UK and New Zealand." Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 56, no. 2 (February 21, 2019): 275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004563218823804.
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Background Clinical laboratory instrument verification testing is often an accreditation requirement. However, it is not known what verification procedures are in routine use or how often the process identifies problems which need addressing prior to testing clinical samples. Objective To investigate which standards are currently being used for laboratory verification in UK and New Zealand (NZ) clinical laboratories and to help establish if the activity justifies the effort required. Methods A survey of verification of clinical laboratory instrumentation was distributed to members of the Association for Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine and New Zealand Institute of Medical Laboratory Scientists. The survey consisted of questions on the verification elements used and whether acceptance criteria were met. Results Nineteen of 72 (26%) of responders only used organization-developed protocols for verification, 20/72 (28%) solely used national/international guidelines, while 16/72 (22%) used a combination. Manufacturers’ claims were partly or entirely used as acceptance criteria for imprecision (89%), accuracy (64%) and analytical measuring range (94%), with these being met on 61%, 67% and 93% of occasions, respectively. For patient comparison and linearity, acceptance criteria were met by 71% and 91%. Only 27–36% undertook any troubleshooting before accepting a failed component of verification. Conclusions Laboratories in the UK and NZ are currently using a variety of verification standards and acceptance criteria for instrument verification. It is common for instruments to fail, especially following the assessment of imprecision and accuracy. While this suggests the process is warranted, only a minority address failed elements before accepting verification.
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Lüthy, Christoph. "The Life of "8K", a Vagrant Microscope Objective." Gesnerus 53, no. 1-2 (November 27, 1996): 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22977953-0530102006.
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The aim of this article is to suggest that some scientific instruments may be considered worthy of their own biographies and that such a genre may have its own merits and charms. The instrument chosen to exemplify this point is a Hartnack microscope objective lens of about 1860 which served, in turn, the histologist and anatomist Albert von Kölliker, the comparative anatomist Robert Wiedersheim. the surgeon Frederic Kammerer, and the embryologist Edmund Beecher Wilson, and which travelled from Paris to New York by way of Würzburg, Genoa, and Freiburg. Despite a fairly discouraging archival situation, the search for the circumstances surrounding the various employers of "8K" allows us to view the role of microscopes in nineteenth-century biology from a new angle. In additon, the fate of "8K" itself endows this objective with a symbolical significance which transcends its specific functions.
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Brittain, Brian J., Leah Georges, and Jim Martin. "Examining the Predictive Validity of the Public Safety Assessment." Criminal Justice and Behavior 48, no. 10 (April 7, 2021): 1431–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00938548211005836.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the predictive validity of the Public Safety Assessment (PSA), an actuarial pretrial assessment instrument, administered to 15,931 individuals in Volusia County, Florida, between 2016 and 2017. A series of logistic regression models analyzed the influence of the PSA’s risk scores for Failure to Appear (FTA) and New Criminal Activity (NCA), as well as gender, race, and the length of time spent in pretrial custody on incidents of failure to appear and new pretrial arrest. The findings suggest that while both the FTA and NCA scales predicted pretrial failure fairly well, the variation explained by the models suggest that there is much that we do not understand about predicting pretrial failure to appear and new pretrial arrest, indicating the need for further research and refinement of pretrial assessment instruments.
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Hutabarat, Desta. "ANALISIS PELAKSANAAN STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN INKUIRI OLEH GURU PENDIDIKAN AGAMA KRISTEN DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEAKTIFAN BELAJAR SISWA KELAS XI SMK NEGERI 1 LAGUBOTI KABUPATEN TOBA SAMOSIR TAHUN PEMBELAJARAN 2019/2020." Areopagus : Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Teologi Kristen 18, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.46965/ja.v18i1.76.
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The research aims is to know the level of propensity for the implementation of inquiry learning strategies by PAK teachers in improving on student learning activeness in grade XI SMK Negeri 1 Laguboti Toba Samosir in 2019/2020. The population is all students of class XI SMK Negeri 1 Laguboti Toba Samosir in 2019/2020 amounted to 233 people and sample in this study 30% of the population were 70 people. The sampling technique uses a random sampling technique. The instrument used in this study was a closed questionnaire that was tested on 30 students outside the study sample of 38 items. From the results of the instrument validity test as many as 35 items are valid and 3 items are invalid, thus as many as 35 items are used as research instruments. Then the tendency level of the implementation of inquiry learning strategies by PAK teachers in improving on student learning activeness in grade XI SMK Negeri 1 Laguboti Toba Samosir in 2019/2020 is in a fairly good category of 38.57% and 61.43% again obtained from other inherent factors that is not examined in this study. Keywords : Analysis of Implementation of Inquiry Learning Strategies by PAK Teachers in Improving Learning Activeness
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Hung, Man, Florian Nickisch, Timothy C. Beals, Tom Greene, Daniel O. Clegg, and Charles L. Saltzman. "New Paradigm for Patient-Reported Outcomes Assessment in Foot & Ankle Research: Computerized Adaptive Testing." Foot & Ankle International 33, no. 8 (August 2012): 621–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3113/fai.2012.0621.
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Background: Accurately measuring, reporting and comparing outcomes is essential for improving health care delivery. Current challenges with available health status scales include patient fatigue, floor/ceiling effects and validity/reliability. Methods: This study compared Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS)-based Lower Extremity Physical Function Computerized Adaptive Test (LE CAT) and two legacy scales -the Foot and Function Index (FFI) and the sport module from the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (spFAAM) -for 287 patients scheduled for elective foot and ankle surgery. We documented the time required by patients to complete the instrument, instrument precision, and the extent to which each instrument covered the full range of physical functioning across the patient sample. Results: Average time of test administration: 66 seconds for LE CAT, 130 seconds for spFAAM and 239 seconds for FFI. All three instruments were fairly precise at intermediate physical functioning levels (i.e., Standard Error of Measurement < 0.35), were relatively less precise at the higher trait levels and the LE CAT maintained precision in the lower range while the spFAAM and FFI's had decreased precision. The LE CAT had less floor/ceiling effects than the FFI and the spFAAM. Conclusion: The LE CAT showed considerable advantage compared to legacy scales for measuring patient-reported outcomes in orthopaedic patients with foot and ankle problems. Clinical Relevance: A paradigm shift to broader use of PROMIS-based CATs should be considered to improve precision and reduce patient burden with patient-reported outcome measurement for foot and ankle patients.
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Décréau, P. M. E., P. Fergeau, V. Krasnoselskikh, E. Le Guirriec, M. Lévêque, Ph Martin, O. Randriamboarison, et al. "Early results from the Whisper instrument on Cluster: an overview." Annales Geophysicae 19, no. 10/12 (September 30, 2001): 1241–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-19-1241-2001.
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Abstract. The Whisper instrument yields two data sets: (i) the electron density determined via the relaxation sounder, and (ii) the spectrum of natural plasma emissions in the frequency band 2–80 kHz. Both data sets allow for the three-dimensional exploration of the magnetosphere by the Cluster mission. The total electron density can be derived unambiguously by the sounder in most magnetospheric regions, provided it is in the range of 0.25 to 80 cm-3 . The natural emissions already observed by earlier spacecraft are fairly well measured by the Whisper instrument, thanks to the digital technology which largely overcomes the limited telemetry allocation. The natural emissions are usually related to the plasma frequency, as identified by the sounder, and the combination of an active sounding operation and a passive survey operation provides a time resolution for the total density determination of 2.2 s in normal telemetry mode and 0.3 s in burst mode telemetry, respectively. Recorded on board the four spacecraft, the Whisper density data set forms a reference for other techniques measuring the electron population. We give examples of Whisper density data used to derive the vector gradient, and estimate the drift velocity of density structures. Wave observations are also of crucial interest for studying small-scale structures, as demonstrated in an example in the fore-shock region. Early results from the Whisper instrument are very encouraging, and demonstrate that the four-point Cluster measurements indeed bring a unique and completely novel view of the regions explored.Key words. Space plasma physics (instruments and techniques; discontinuities, general or miscellaneous)
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A. Abisuga-Oyekunle, Oluwayemisi, and Mammo Muchie. "Handicraft small enterprises as an instrument for rural economic growth and poverty eradication." Problems and Perspectives in Management 18, no. 4 (October 29, 2020): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.18(4).2020.03.
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In South Africa, exploiting economic opportunities in the handicraft sector could create livelihood and employment for ordinary citizens living in rural areas. The potential contribution of handicraft small enterprises to sustainable livelihoods and poverty alleviation is yet to be fully exploited. It is also regarded as a sector with great growth potential, but the degree of support provided to the handicraft sector is low. The study aims to evaluate the socioeconomic factors influencing the viability of handicraft small businesses operating in KwaZulu-Natal. Data collection was drawn from a stratified random sample of 196 handicraft practitioners operating in different areas of KwaZulu-Natal Province with a structured questionnaire. Data analysis was performed with the STATA statistical package. The results obtained from the study have shown that 84 enterprises (42.86%) were not viable, whereas 112 of the 196 handicraft enterprises (57.14%) were viable. The percentage of overall correct classification for this procedure was equal to 77.96%. Percentage sensitivity for the fitted logistic regression model was equal to 60.71%. Percentage specificity for the fitted logistic regression model was equal to 82.14%. The p-value obtained from Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test was equal to 0.0884 &gt; 0.05. This indicates that the fitted logistic regression model is fairly well reliable. The findings from the analysis showed that two factors significantly influenced the viability of handicraft enterprises. These two factors were the belief that handicraft business could sustain the handicraft practitioner, and the level of support for handicraft businesses from non-governmental organizations is decreasing. AcknowledgmentSouth Africa SarChi Chair, Nation Research Fund and Department of Science and Technology, South African, for providing funding for this research.
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Nkrumah, Bright. "THE G77 AND ECONOMIC DIPLOMACY: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS FOR AFRICA’S FOOD SECURITY." Latin American Report 31, no. 1 (August 5, 2016): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/0256-6060/465.
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Developing countries demonstrated their collective commitment to address their common economic problems through the formation of the Group of 77 (G77). The coalition has attempted to use its caucus to influence the reform of major international trade and investment policies through the United Nations (UN) fora. Two of such successes were the adoption of the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) and the Agreement on Agriculture (AoA). These instruments seek to improve Africa’s poverty and food insecurity by making the international market accessible to African farmers and prevent dumping of developed countries’ agricultural commodities through phasing out high subsidies. Yet, to adopt a legal instrument at the UN level is one thing, but to implement it by states is another. These and other agro-trade initiatives have grossly failed to benefit the African rural farmers and combat chronic hunger. Against this backdrop, it is logical to conclude that the G77 has failed to transform its lofty ideal into practice. In summary, while this bloc of nations has previously managed to maintain some degree of solidarity along essential socio-economic issues, the existence of its internal differences remain worrying for the advancement of Africa’s food security agenda.