To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Instrument navigation.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Instrument navigation'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 38 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Instrument navigation.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Galassi, Francesca. "Instrument tracking and navigation for MRI-guided interventions." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/17822.
Full textAbstract:
Interventional MRI requires accurate and fast localization of medical instruments within the imaging volume of the MR scanner. Furthermore, in view of tissue motion and target dislocation, accurate intra-operative imaging is demanded. The research presented in this thesis addresses these issues with reference to a proposed MRI-guided transrectal prostate biopsy system. As the instrument is not visible in the MR images, RF fiducial markers embedded within the instrument are used to determine its pose. A novel localization method to compute the location of N fiducial markers using 1D projections is presented. The method is shown to yield significant improvements over previously proposed methods. Computational complexity was significantly reduced by avoiding cluster analysis, while high accuracy was achieved by using a set of optimally chosen projections and by applying Gaussian interpolation in peak detection. The method was analyzed and validated using a combination of experiments and Monte Carlo simulations. Experiments in 1.5 T and 2.9 T MR scanners involved both water phantoms and volunteer subjects. High robustness and sub-pixel accuracy were demonstrated while the computational time showed an improvement of up to a factor of 100 over existing solutions. This method was employed as the basis for tracking the endorectal probe during the prostate biopsy procedure. The probe was positioned by means of a remotely actuated manipulator. Miniature semiactive markers were embedded within the probe in a rigid known geometrical configuration and tracked by means of the localization method. At each position, Least-Squares fitting of the probe model with the localized one was performed in order to achieve more accurate tracking. Navigation of the probe and biopsy needle was realized through a dedicated graphical user interface. This interface displayed interpolated cross sections through the MR imaging volume and simplified graphical models of the instruments overlaid on the anatomy. Visual guidance was further improved by filtering of the markers' positions, which was enabled by the high tracking rate. In order to improve intra-operative imaging a novel external receiver array was designed and a prototype was built, as an alternative to the more conventional endorectal and pelvic receivers. This new array coil was optimized for imaging of the prostatic area for a patient in the prone position by combining a buttery coil and three single trapezoidal loops. The design is suitable for positioning the endorectal probe and does not introduce any spatial limitation to the range of movements. Experiments in a 1.5 T MR scanner and simulations demonstrated higher receiver sensitivity and homogeneity than conventional coils and also a significantly improved signal-to-noise ratio.
2
Koulechov, Kirill. "Leistungssteuerung chirurgischer Instrumente in der Kopf-Chirurgie /." Düsseldorf : VDI-Verl, 2006. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=014972851&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
Full text
3
Yoder, Beth A. "Evaluation of KnowledgeWorkx's cultural mapping and navigation assessment : a cultural self-awareness instrument." Scholarly Commons, 2012. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/799.
Full textAbstract:
This exploratory and original research project examined the Cultural Mapping & Navigation Assessment (CMN) in order to evaluate it as an intercultural training tool. This instrument was designed by KnowledgeWorkx's multicultural team to assist people in understanding cultural dimensions and developing cultural self-awareness, which are foundational to a person developing intercultural competence. The instrument was evaluated in several ways. The theoretical constructs being measured were reviewed in the literature. The questions used in the CMN were subjected to multilingual and multicultural reviewers and the instrument was statistically analyzed for reliability and validity. Based on that data, changes were made and the revised instrument was administered to a new group. Unstructured interviews were conducted with 10 of the respondents and analyzed for three themes: the degree to which respondents thought their CMN results 4 reflected them; the effects on the participants' cultural self-awareness; and helpfulness as identified by the participants. According to the interviews, the desired outcomes of in creased cultural self- and other-awareness were achieved, as was growth in understanding of cultural dimensions. Content validity is suggested by the strong theoretical foundation. Future research with a larger population will continue to provide important understanding of this valuable intercultural training tool. Finally, information is provided regarding CMN availability, training, support, and cost in order to make it easy for trainers and consultants to evaluate the instrument for their purposes.
4
Yoder, Beth A. "Evaluation of knowledge knowledgeworkx's cultural mapping and navigation assessment : a cultural self-awareness instrument." Scholarly Commons, 2001. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/799.
Full text
5
Vadlamani, Ananth Kalyan. "Performance Improvement Methods for Terrain Database Integrity Monitors and Terrain Referenced Navigation." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2004. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1089742537.
Full text
6
Pyrek, Cathleen Conboy. "The Vaeakau-Taumako Wind Compass: A Cognitive Construct for Navigation in the Pacific." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1302542228.
Full text
7
Boje, Ellenor Petronella. "Intelligent AGV with navigation, object detection and avoidance in an unknown environment." Thesis, Bloemfontein : Central University of Technology, Free State, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/83.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.Tech.) - Central University of Technology, Free State, 2007The latest technological trend worldwide, is automation. Reducing human labour and introducing robots to do the work is a pure business decision. The reason for automating a plant can be some, or all, of the following: Improve productivity Reduce labour and equipment costs Reduce product damage System reliability can be monitored Improves plant safety When the automation process is started, Automatic Guided Vehicles (AGVs) will be one of the first commodities that can be used. The reason for this is that they are so versatile. They can be programmed to follow specific paths when moving material from one point to another and the biggest advantage of all is that they can operate for twenty four hours a day. Automatic Guided Vehicles are developed for many different applications and therefore many different types of AGVs are available. All AGVs are equipped with sensors so that they are able to “see” what is happening around them. Since the AGV must be able to function without any human help or control, it must be able to navigate through the work environment. In this study a remote control car was converted to an AGV and thorough research was done on the different types of sensors that can be used to make the AGV more intelligent when it comes to navigating in an unknown environment.
8
Wellons, William Lee. "A shipboard global positioning system carrier phase interferometric aircraft flight reference system." Ohio : Ohio University, 1994. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1179860957.
Full text
9
Bandúr, Juraj. "Návrh a zpracování výukových postupů přístrojové navigace." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231639.
Full textAbstract:
The diploma thesis deals with concepts of various key tasks for flights operated by device navigation, while these tasks are designed under the requirements of the regulation JAR-FCL 1. The work also includes explanation of the principles of operation of selected radio navigation devices, which are demonstrated in various roles, making these tasks serve well as a possible teaching material for navigation subjects. Part of the work also includes the evaluation of the simulator FlitePro for the purposes of its certification as a training device.
10
Forzy, Jean-François. "Conception ergonomique pour des environnements multi-instrumentés :Le cas des postes de conduite automobile." Phd thesis, Université Paris VIII Vincennes-Saint Denis, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00109043.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse se propose de situer dans le cadre du paradigme instrumental un ensemble d'études dans le domaine de la conception des artefacts embarqués pour l'automobile. L'objectif est de retrouver, dans la diversité apparente des systèmes embarqués (dits d' «aides à la conduite», de «confort», de «communication» ...) des invariants de conception susceptibles d'orienter en amont certains choix dimensionnants. Dans la perpective de répondre à cet objectif, le modèle instrumental propose une analyse des liens entre les trois pôles Sujet-Instrument-Objet de la situation. Sur cette base nous avons développé un modèle opératif qui met en miroir une face dite «psychologique» non directement observable, mais explicitable, et une face « comportementale » plus directement observable. L'acte instrumental se comprenant comme une articulation entre ces deux faces du même modèle.
La première partie porte sur des artefacts de guidage. Plusieurs modalités sont comparées: Utilisation d'une carte papier, Copilotage humain, Guidage par différentes versions d'un système computationnel.
Les résultats indiquent que par rapport à l'usage de la carte papier, et contrairement aux hypothèses de départ, le guidage avec le système n'augmente pas les performances navigationelles du conducteur, mais diminue significativement le nombre de «situations accidentogènes» rencontrées .
Par ailleurs les résultats montrent aussi que dans les cas où il existe une incohérence, du point de vue du conducteur, entre les prescriptions transmises par le système et ce qu'il perçoit directement de l'environnement routier, des stratégies efficaces de régulation de l'activité sont mises en place.
L'application du cadre instrumental a permis d'interpréter ces résultats en termes de schèmes de gestion des compromis de l'action. Ce compromis s'est réalisé entre «prise de risque» et «performance».
La deuxième partie élargit cette approche à l'analyse de cas d' artefacts diversifiés (commandes sur les ouvrants, sur les essuies vitres ...). Les situations analysées proviennent alors plus souvent d'entretiens relatifs à des situations d'usage d'équipements existant plutôt qu'à partir d'expérimentations ad hoc comme dans la première partie.
L'analyse de la réussite ou non de la conception se fait en terme de concordance entre les deux faces, psychologique et comportementale, du modèle : c'est à dire entre ce qui est attendu et ce qui est obtenu par le sujet au cours de l'activité instrumentée.
Une recherche d'opérationnalisation a ensuite été réalisée en montrant d'une part comment l'analyse de certaines situations d'usage pouvait être généralisée pour servir à la conception d'autres artefacts qui par certains traits caractéristiques pouvaient s'apparenter à la situation étudiée, et d'autre part, par l'établissement d'une correspondance entre des critères de conception et le modèle de l'activité proposé.
De cette recherche transparaissent deux éléments :
- L'analyse à partir du modèle instrumental permet bien d'identifier des invariants de conception, généralisables à une classe donnée d'artefacts.
- Pour cette recherche d'invariants, il peut exister une alternative à la mise en place d'expérimentations sur des prototypes ad hoc du système en cours de conception : l'analyse à partir d'entretiens sur des situations d'usage de systèmes existants.
11
Latta, Martin. "Vektorové letecké mapy s "high a low trajektoriemi"." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-255378.
Full textAbstract:
Tato diplomová práce se zabývá dynamickým vykreslováním vektorových leteckých map, především letových trajektorií a navigačních bodů do mapy. Mapy jsou integrovány do mobilních aplikací, které piloti používají během letu a které nahrazují původní papírové mapy. Práce obsahuje teoretický úvod do problematiky a základní pojmy používané v letectví a navigaci. Další částí práce je průzkum, popis a zhodnocení existujících řešení a aplikací společně s návrhem a designem nového řešení. Nakonec je prezentována implementace demo aplikace pomocí WebGL knihovny a výsledné vyhodnocení a porovnání.
12
Brito, Ana Paula Pedroso. "Caracterização das dimensões da aresta lateral de corte e do núcleo dos instrumentos Mtwo®, ProTaper®, Wizard Navigator® e BioRace®." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/8561.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-06-11T11:47:52Z
No. of bitstreams: 2
Dissertação - Ana Paula Pedroso Brito - 2015.pdf: 1014799 bytes, checksum: e2dcf8a46ffc5134b0215684a6190af3 (MD5)
license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-06-11T11:50:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ana Paula Pedroso Brito - 2015.pdf: 1014799 bytes, checksum: e2dcf8a46ffc5134b0215684a6190af3 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-11T11:50:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ana Paula Pedroso Brito - 2015.pdf: 1014799 bytes, checksum: e2dcf8a46ffc5134b0215684a6190af3 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-10
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Purpose: to determine flute-to-shank ratio of rotatory nickel-titanium instruments Mtwo® #30/.05, ProTaper® #30/.09, Wizard Navigator® #30/.06 and BioRace® 35/.04. Material and methods: Instruments’ diameter were measured with a digital caliper in the first five flutes and abraded longitudinally by a diamond disk until instrument half diameter was achieved in flutes region. The samples were then fixed in stubs and SEM images were performed at 60X magnification. The flutes and shanks areas were measured, and flute-toshank ratio was achieved using software AxioVision®. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA and Tukey’s Test for comparison between groups. Results: There was significant statistical difference for flutes areas. Mtwo® #30/.05 had the higher shank areas and was significantly different from the other instruments, except for Wizard Navigator #30/.06 ate the second flute site. Flute-to-shank ratio showed a 3-28% variation. Conclusions: Flutes dimensions were lower than shanks’. Wizard Navigator® #30/.05 had lower flute-to-shank ratio than other files.
Objetivo: Relacionar a aresta lateral de corte e o núcleo de instrumentos endodônticos de níquel-titânio de rotação contínua Mtwo® #30/.05, ProTaper® #30/.09, Wizard Navigator® #30/.06 e BioRace® 35/.04. Material e métodos: Os instrumentos foram medidos com paquímetro digital para aferição do seu diâmetro nas cinco primeiras arestas de corte e desgastados longitudinalmente com disco diamantado flexível dupla face até atingir metade do diâmetro do instrumento nas regiões das arestas laterais de corte. A seguir, as amostras foram fixadas em stubs e obtidas as imagens por microscopia eletrônica de varredura com aumento de 60X. Foram realizadas mensurações das áreas da aresta lateral de corte e do núcleo, e a razão entre estas medidas utilizando o software AxioVision®. A análise estatística foi realizada por meio da ANOVA e do Teste de Tukey para comparação entre os grupos. Resultados: Houve diferença significativa entre as áreas das arestas para todos os instrumentos. O instrumento Mtwo® #30/.05 apresentou as maiores áreas do núcleo, com diferença significativa para todos os demais instrumentos, à exceção do Wizard Navigator® #30/.06 na região da segunda aresta. A relação entre a área da aresta de corte e do respectivo núcleo mostrou que a aresta representou áreas que variaram de 3% a 28% do núcleo. Conclusões: As dimensões da aresta lateral de corte foram inferiores às do núcleo em todos os instrumentos. O Wizard Navigator® #30/.06 apresentou uma relação entre as dimensões da aresta em relação ao núcleo inferiores aos demais
13
Kadava, Marek. "Porovnání účinností řízení přesného přibližování letadla na přistání pomocí tradičních LNZ s účinností navedení podle LADGPS." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229870.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis deals with exploitation of means of satellite navigation and derived technologies in the field of precision instrument approaches of civil air transport aircraft. Various navigation systems used for precision approaches are analysed. Their function is described as well as the benefits and limitations of them. Further, the technology of GPS satellite navigation is explained, as well as other technologies, which enhance the precision and capabilities of these systems.
14
Gow, Joel A. "Testing the HG1700 inertial measurement unit for implementation into the AIRES unmanned underwater vehicle." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Jun%5FGow.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S. in Applied Science (Physical Oceanography))--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2005.Thesis Advisor(s): Anthony J. Healey, Edward B. Thornton. Includes bibliographical references (p. 49). Also available online.
15
Antin, Jonathan F. "Automobile navigation methods: effectiveness, efficiency, and strategy." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82608.
Full textAbstract:
A study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness, efficiency, and strategy associated with three navigation methods: memorized route, conventional paper map, and a moving-map navigational display (the navigator). Thirty-two driver-subjects of both genders, and wide ranges of age (18-73) and driving experience (2,000 to 40,000 miles per year) navigated along public roadways for this research using a specially instrumented automobile. A variety of different roadway conditions were also used for this research including limited access four-lane highways, two-lane state routes, and city streets. In addition, the research was conducted under conditions of both light and moderate traffic densities. Measures taken include eye movement, navigation effectiveness, and driving performance measures. Results showed that the paper map took longer to study at the beginning of a run than the navigator. Even with this handicap, the total time taken when using the paper map was not significantly different from the time taken to use the navigator. Also, there were no differences in the directness or quality of routes selected when using either the paper map or the navigator to navigate. These findings were a result of the strategies adopted in the use of the various methods of navigation. During the initial study phase the paper map was essentially used to plan the entire route from start to finish. After the initial phase, the map was used only as an occasional reference. In contrast, effective use of the navigator could only be accomplished by repetitively glancing at the display to acquire important information as it was updated and presented. As a result, subjects spent more driving time glancing to the navigator than the paper map, and it substantially drew the subjects' gaze away from the driving task relative to the norm established in the memorized route condition, as well as in comparison to the paper map. Still, driving performance did not greatly change as a function of navigation method indicating that the additional visual attentional demand associated with the navigator was drawn primarily from spare driver resources. It is also very likely that the novelty of the navigator was responsible for some portion of the glance time spent on it.Ph. D.
16
Swanick, Lois Ann. "An analysis of navigational instruments in the Age of Exploration: 15th century to mid-17th century." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3235.
Full textAbstract:
During the Age of Exploration, navigation evolved from a field filled with superstition into a modern science in Portugal, Spain, and England. The most common navigation instruments utilized and their subsequent innovations are discussed. The refinement of these instruments led to increased accuracy in cartography, safer shipping, and increased trade globally in the period. In order to have the most comprehensive collection of navigation instruments, I investigated 165 shipwrecks dated between 1500 and 1700. Each of these vessels have been located, surveyed, and/or excavated in whole or in part. A comprehensive list of these vessels, compiled for the first time, has been included. This thesis analyzes navigation-related artifacts recovered from 27 of these shipwreck sites. These instruments provide the basis to develop a typology for archaeologists to more closely date these finds. The navigation instruments recovered from the wreck of LaBelle (1686) are discussed in detail. These instruments and related historical documents kept by the navigator provide a more comprehensive picture of the instruments accuracy and usefulness. This thesis particularly focuses on the nocturnal/planisphere recovered from the site. This unique instrument is one of only four known to exist worldwide and remains accurate enough to be utilized today. Analysis by a modern astronomer has been included, as well as a partial translation of the common names for constellations inscribed on the instrument. These common names provide some important insights into the received knowledge of sailors and non-academic astronomy during this period. It is hoped that this thesis will be of assistance to archaeologists working to identify, study, and appreciate navigational instruments recovered from shipwrecks. With increased documentation and closer dating, these instruments will become a more valuable portion of the archaeological record.
17
Dingus, Thomas A. "Attentional demand evaluation for an automobile moving-map navigation system." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53632.
Full textAbstract:
A study was undertaken to test and evaluate the human factors design aspects of an automobile moving-map navigation system. The primary objective of the study was to assess the driver attentional demand required by the navigation system during vehicle operation. A secondary objective of the study was to assess design specifics and determine whether or not the design was optimal in terms of efficiency of use in an automotive environment.
Thirty-two driver-subjects drove a specially instrumented 1985 Cadillac Sedan de Ville on public roadways for this research. A cross-section of driver-subjects (both genders, ages 18 to 73, and driving experience from 2,000 to 40,000 miles per year) participated, and a cross·section of roadway types (residential, two-lane state route, and limited·access four-lane) and traffic conditions (light and moderate) were used as part of this research.
The driver-subjects were asked to perform a variety of tasks while operating the research vehicle. These tasks included navigation tasks normally performed while using the navigation system, as well as a wide variety of conventional automotive tasks (e.g., tuning the radio or reading the speedometer) normally performed during vehicle operation. The purpose of asking the driver-subjects to perform a variety of conventional automotive tasks was so that direct comparisons in attentional demand could be made between tasks performed daily in an automotive environment and the navigation tasks.
Twenty-one performance and behavioral measures were collected and analyzed for this research. These measures included eye—scanning and dwell-time measures, task-completion-time measures, and a variety of measures indicating driver performance and behavior.
The data analyses for these measures focused on two major goals. First, the analyses determined which tasks (both navigator and conventional) required the highest attentional demand. Second, the analyses were used to determine groups of tasks which, for all practical purposes, required equivalent attentional demand.
The results of the analyses indicated that the navigation system is a relatively effective device, useful for its intended purpose. The results also indicated that a number of design improvements are required, however, to optimize the safety and efficiency of the device. An iterative process of design improvement and further research into the effects of improved design on required attentional demand is therefore recommended.Ph. D.
18
Hastings, Benjamin E. "Design of a Micro Wireless Instrumented Payload for Unmanned Vehicle Testing." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34531.
Full textAbstract:
The testing of unmanned vehicles presents a need for an independent device capable of accurately collecting position and orientation data. While commercial-off-the-shelf components could be pieced together to sense and record this information, this is an expensive, large, and heavy solution, not suitable for small or aerial vehicles. The micro wireless instrumented payload, or μWIP, was designed precisely for this purpose.
The μWIP includes a GPS receiver, 3-axis accelerometer, 3-axis gyroscope, and 3-axis magnetometer which are used to measure an unmanned vehicle's position and orientation. The device also uses a secure digital card for data storage, and an 802.11b module to provide wireless connectivity. Additionally, the μWIP contains a on-board battery and the circuitry required to charge it. Firmware for the ARM7 processor was written to allow sensor calibration and data transmission, and a user interface was designed to run on a personal computer.
The finished design is a tiny 3''x5''x1'', and weighs a mere 0.8 pounds including battery and antennas. It is capable of continuously streaming accurate GPS and inertial data over an 802.11b wireless network for over 5 hours. Having a bill of materials cost just over $600, the μWIP is also more cost effective than any alternative solutions.
This thesis details the hardware and software design of the μWIP, as well as the initial testing, calibration, and evaluation of the device.
Master of Science
19
Duarte, Pedro Henrique Marks. "Desvio, capacidade de centralização e fadiga cíclica promovidos por instrumentos TF Adaptive e Navigator EVO, em diferentes cinemáticas." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/179852.
Full textAbstract:
Introdução: A evolução dos instrumentos de NiTi pode ser dividida em gerações de acordo com algumas modificações tais como: tratamento térmico da liga, secção transversal e movimento utilizado para o preparo do canal, que pode ser movimento rotatório contínuo ou movimento oscilatório assimétrico. Essas mudanças tem como objetivo prover maior flexibilidade aos instrumentos, permitindo uma melhor modelagem do canal, com menor desvio e menor risco de perfurações. Outro aspecto relevante é a maior resistência à fadiga cíclica, das ligas com tratamento térmico, colaborando para uma maior resistência à fratura do instrumento. Objetivos: Este estudo comparou a fadiga cíclica, o transporte do canal , a capacidade de centralização e o volume do canal pós preparo, produzidos pelos sistemas TF Adaptive e Navigator EVO, quando utilizados em rotação contínua ou no movimento Adaptive. Métodos: Quarenta raízes mésio-vestibulares de molares superiores foram analisadas através de micro-CT antes e depois do preparo do canal radicular com os dois sistemas e dois movimentos (Adaptive e Rotação Contínua). As amostras foram divididas em quatro grupos: TFA – instrumentos TF Adaptive utilizados no movimento Adaptive; TFC –instrumentos TF Adaptive utilizados em rotação contínua; NA – instrumentos Navigator EVO utilizados no movimento Adaptive; e NC – instrumentos Navigator EVO utilizados em rotação contínua. Adaptive; e NC – instrumentos Navigator EVO utilizados em rotação contínua. Os canais radiculares foram preparados até instrumentos 35.04. O transporte apical, a capacidade de centralização e o volume de preparo foram analisados utilizando-se micro-CT em três níveis: 3, 6 e 9mm do ápice.O teste de fadiga cíclica foi realizado utilizando um equipamento apropriado, onde, dez instrumentos de cada marca foram utilizados em um contraângulo redutor 6:1 e um motor elétrico com controle de torque, com programas prédefinidos ‘‘custom mode'' e ‘‘TF Adaptive'' para ativar os instrumentos 25.06 e 35.04.Os resultados foram analisados com os testes Kruskal-Wallis eDunn para se verificar o transporte do canal, a capacidade de centralização e o volume do canal. O teste Student-T foi usado para avaliar a fadiga cíclica (P = 0,05). Conclusões: Ambos sistemas podem ser usados no movimento Adaptive ou em rotação contínua. Porém, a resistência à fratura dos instrumentos foi maior quando utilizados em rotação contínua. Pouco transporte de canal ocorreu, quando os canais mésio-vestibulares de molares superiores foram preparados até instrumentos 35.04.Introduction: The evolution of NiTi instruments can be divided in generations, according to changes like in the NiTi alloy, heat treatment, cross-section format, and in the movement used for root preparation that goes form continuous rotation to asymmetric oscillation. These changes aim to provide greater flexibility to the instruments, allowing a better shaping, with less transportation and risk of perforation. Other aspect is the increased fracture resistance of the alloys with heat treatment, which is a big concern about NiTi instruments. Aim: This study compared the cyclic fatigue and the canal transportation promotedby TF Adaptive and Navigator EVO systems when used with two different motions. Methods: Forty mesiobuccal roots of maxillary molars were scanned using micro-CT imaging before and after root canal preparation with the two instrument systems two motions (adaptive and continuous rotation). Samples were divided into four groups: TFA – TF Adaptive instruments under adaptive motion; TFC - TF Adaptive instruments under continuous motion; NA - Navigator instruments under adaptive motion; and NC – Navigator instruments under continuous motion. Root canals were prepared until 35.04 instruments. Apical transportation, centering ability and volume were analyzed using micro- CT at three levels: 3, 6 and 9 mm from the apex. The cyclic fatigue tests were performed using a custom-made device. Ten instruments of each brand were activated by using a 6:1 reduction handpiece powered by a torque-controlled motor using the preset programs ‘‘custom mode'' and ‘‘TF Adaptive'' to activate25.06 and 35.04 instruments. Data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests were used to assess canal transportation, centering ability and canal volume. Student-T test was used to evaluate cyclic fatigue (P = .05). Conclusions: Both systems can be used under adaptive or continuous rotation. However; the lifespan of the instruments was higher when used under continuous rotation. Little canal transportation occurred when mesiobuccal root canals from maxillary molars were prepared until 35.04instruments.
20
Braasch, Michael S. "On the characterization of multipath errors in satellite-based precision approach and landing systems." Ohio : Ohio University, 1992. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1173748635.
Full text
21
Laferrière, Pascal. "Instrumented Compliant Wrist System for Enhanced Robotic Interaction." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35502.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis presents the development of an instrumented compliant wrist mechanism which serves as an interface between robotic platforms and their environments in order to detect surface positions and orientations. Although inspired by similar existing devices, additional features such as noncontact distance estimations, a simplified physical structure, and wireless operation were incorporated into the design. The primary role envisioned for this mechanism was for enabling robotic manipulators to perform surface following tasks prior to contact as this was one requirement of a larger project involving inspection of surfaces. The information produced by the compliant wrist system can be used to guide robotic devices in their workspace by providing real-time proximity detection and collision detection of objects.
Compliance in robotic devices has attracted the attention of many researchers due to the multitude of benefits it offers. In the scope of this work, the main advantage of compliance is that it allows rigid structures to come into contact with possibly fragile objects. Combined with instrumentation for detecting the deflections produced by this compliance, closed-loop control can be achieved, increasing the number of viable applications for an initially open-loop system.
Custom fabrication of a prototype device was completed to physically test operation of the designed system. The prototype incorporates a microcontroller to govern the internal operations of the device such as sensor data collection and processing. By performing many computation tasks directly on the device, robotic controllers are able to dedicate more of their time to more important tasks such as path planning and object avoidance by using the pre-conditioned compliant device data.
Extensive work has also gone into the refinement of sensor signals coming from the key infrared distance measurement sensors used in the device. A calibration procedure was developed to decrease inter-sensor variability due to the method of manufacturing of these sensors. Noise reduction in the signals is achieved via a digital filtering process.
The evaluation of the performance of the device is achieved through the collection of a large amount of sensor data for use in characterisation of the sensor and overall system behavior. This comes in the form of a statistical analysis of the sensor outputs to determine signal stability and accuracy. Additionally, the operation of the device is validated by its integration onto a manipulator robot and incorporating the data generated into the robot’s control loop.
22
Wolfaardt, H. Jurgens. "Theory of the microfluidic channel angular accelerometer for inertial measurement applications." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05152007-120803.
Full text
23
Reed, Brooks Louis-Kiguchi. "Multiple-vehicle resource-constrained navigation in the deep ocean." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68997.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Joint Program in Applied Ocean Science and Engineering (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2011.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 139-148).
This thesis discusses sensor management methods for multiple-vehicle fleets of autonomous underwater vehicles, which will allow for more efficient and capable infrastructure in marine science, industry, and naval applications. Navigation for fleets of vehicles in the ocean presents a large challenge, as GPS is not available underwater and dead-reckoning based on inertial or bottom-lock methods can require expensive sensors and suffers from drift. Due to zero drift, acoustic navigation methods are attractive as replacements or supplements to dead-reckoning, and centralized systems such as an Ultra-Short Baseline Sonar (USBL) allow for small and economical components onboard the individual vehicles. Motivated by subsea equipment delivery, we present model-scale proof-of-concept experimental pool tests of a prototype Vertical Glider Robot (VGR), a vehicle designed for such a system. Due to fundamental physical limitations of the underwater acoustic channel, a sensor such as the USBL is limited in its ability to track multiple targets-at best a small subset of the entire fleet may be observed at once, at a low update rate. Navigation updates are thus a limited resource and must be efficiently allocated amongst the fleet in a manner that balances the exploration versus exploitation tradeoff. The multiple vehicle tracking problem is formulated in the Restless Multi-Armed Bandit structure following the approach of Whittle in [108], and we investigate in detail the Restless Bandit Kalman Filters priority index algorithm given by Le Ny et al. in [71]. We compare round-robin and greedy heuristic approaches with the Restless Bandit approach in computational experiments. For the subsea equipment delivery example of homogeneous vehicles with depth-varying parameters, a suboptimal quasi-static approximation of the index algorithm balances low landing error with safety and robustness. For infinite-horizon tracking of systems with linear time-invariant parameters, the index algorithm is optimal and provides benefits of up to 40% over the greedy heuristic for heterogeneous vehicle fleets. The index algorithm can match the performance of the greedy heuristic for short horizons, and offers the greatest improvement for long missions, when the infinite-horizon assumption is reasonably met.
by Brooks Louis-Kiguchi Reed.
S.M.
24
Joannides, Marc. "Navigation intégrée d'un engin sous-marin remorqué. Filtrage non-linéaire des systèmes sans bruit d'observation et/ou mesures parfaites." Aix-Marseille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX11005.
Full textAbstract:
Dans la premiere partie de cette these, nous considerons le probleme de l'estimation de la trajectoire d'un engin sous-marin remorque, en se basant sur deux sources d'information differentes: des mesures precises d'acceleration de l'engin (ins) et des mesures de position du navire de surface (gps). Les mesures ins restituent fidelement les hautes frequences du mouvement de l'engin, mais derivent avec le temps. Nous utilisons l'information gps, fiable a long terme, pour recaler le mouvement moyen de l'engin. Nous introduisons un modele numerique du systeme cable-engin pour transferer l'information de positionnement depuis la surface jusqu'a l'engin, et nous proposons un estimateur hybride de sa trajectoire. Nous nous interessons ensuite au probleme de filtrage des processus de diffusion, dans le cas ou l'on dispose d'observations non-bruitees, en temps discret. Ce probleme est singulier car la loi conditionnelle est supportee a chaque instant par un ensemble de niveau de la fonction d'observation, qui est en general de mesure nulle (pour la mesure de lebesgue) dans l'espace d'etat. Dans le cas ou la valeur observee est reguliere, nous obtenons une expression explicite pour la densite de la loi conditionnelle, par rapport a la mesure canonique sur l'ensemble de niveau. Ce resultat est d'abord obtenue par une approche directe. Nous introduisons ensuite une approche asymptotique qui permet d'aborder le cas des valeurs singulieres. La methode ainsi developpee peut etre adaptee pour resoudre un probleme voisin en statistique des processus: il s'agit de l'asymptotique petit bruit de l'estimateur bayesien dans le cas non identifiable, lorsque l'observation est un signal deterministe perturbe. Nous donnons une expression explicite pour la densite de la loi limite, lorsque l'ensemble des points minimum de l'information de kullback-leibler est une sous-variete de l'espace des parametres
25
Garcia, Ortiz Gustavo Adolfo. "The Rincon Astrolabe Shipwreck." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3289.
Full textAbstract:
On 30 December 1986, a local fisherman incidentally discovered the remains of a
seventeenth-century merchantman off the coast of Rincon, a small municipality on
Puerto Rico's west coast. Some days later, he and some acquaintances extracted objects
from the site and stored them in a nearby restaurant. The assemblage of artifacts
recovered included, among other items, pins, scissors, ordnance, pewter ware,
woodworking tools, a myriad of concretions and a nautical astrolabe. It is from the last
that the wreck site took its name. The operation continued for months until local
authorities, alerted by a member of the salvage group, issued a cease and desist order.
At that point, the whole affair entered a legal process that on the summer of 2005 had
not reached its conclusion.
The purpose of this thesis is twofold. First, the author presents the story of the
shipwreck from the moment it was found until the court ruled regarding ownership of
the artifacts. Since this was the first time ownership of a shipwreck was debated in
Puerto Rican courts in recent history, this gives the reader an idea of how legal
precedence was established concerning the island's submerged cultural resources.
Second, based on what was popularly perceived to be the site's most remarkable find, a
study was developed on the sea or mariner's astrolabe, a navigation instrument that played a fundamental role in the process of European maritime expansion during the late
fifteenth, sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
The reader of this text will learn that, during the fifteenth century, Portuguese
navigators saw the need to gradually depart from the traditional Mediterranean
navigation technique known as "dead reckoning." As their explorations along the West
African coast forced them to sail far into the Atlantic Ocean for prolonged periods, a
new method was developed that consisted of measuring the angle of certain heavenly
bodies above the horizon in order to determine the latitude of the observer with
reasonable precision. For this purpose, instruments that traditionally belonged to the
field of astronomy were adapted to be used by seamen. Among them was the astrolabe,
which became the most popular by the turn of the sixteenth century. After discussing
the instrument's origin and development, the author analyzes how a renewed interest on
the nautical astrolabe, which emerged in Portugal in the early twentieth century,
introduced the instrument to the field of modern scholarly research. This work also
presents a catalogue of sixteen sea astrolabes, some of which have never been published.
The catalogue shows statistics and other relevant information, while placing the artifacts
in the context of the previously existing data.
26
Brunet, Lucie. "Etude ergonomique de la modalité haptique comme soutien à l’activité de déplacement piéton urbain : un projet de conception de produit innovant." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA113009/document.
Full textAbstract:
Qu’ils soient voyageurs occasionnels ou réguliers, les piétons se déplaçant en environnement urbain et en transport en commun ont à faire face à la complexité du réseau de transport des grandes villes. Les aides au déplacement sont nombreuses et variées. Elles peuvent être fixes (par exemple, panneaux de signalisation) ou mobiles (par exemple, applications sur smartphone). Ces aides utilisent principalement la modalité sensorielle visuelle, déjà fortement sollicitée lors d’un déplacement urbain. Une alternative intéressante serait d’utiliser l’haptique (sens du toucher). En effet, cette modalité permet de transmettre au porteur d’un dispositif haptique des informations de déplacement et de navigation, en attirant discrètement son attention par des messages délivrés tactilement.S’inscrivant dans une démarche d’ergonomie prospective, cette thèse vise à étudier l’apport de la modalité haptique comme soutien à l’activité de déplacement piéton urbain. L’objectif appliqué est la conception d’un dispositif haptique d’aide au déplacement innovant, efficace et accepté par les utilisateurs futurs. Ce projet de conception s’est déroulé dans le cadre du projet ANR Tictact, mené par le CEA-LIST de 2011 à 2014. L’utilisation de la modalité haptique étant posée comme un parti pris initial, l’objectif du projet était de déterminer la forme que devrait prendre l’assistance aux usagers et la technologie de l’outil d’aide.Pour répondre à ce défi, nous avons mis en œuvre trois études successives. La première visait à comprendre les activités cognitives élémentaires mobilisées pour consulter les supports d’informations nécessaires à la navigation piétonne. Pour cela, nous avons analysé le comportement d’un piéton effectuant un trajet urbain (en métro et à pied). Les résultats nous ont permis de spécifier les fonctions d’aide que devrait remplir un futur dispositif d’aide au déplacement. Complétées par une revue de la littérature sur les interfaces haptiques et leur utilisation pour l’aide au déplacement, ces résultats nous ont conduits à déterminer les fonctions éligibles à la modalité haptique. La seconde étude visait à concevoir l’interaction haptique avec le dispositif d’aide, en deux étapes : élaborer le concept d’interface et concevoir le langage d’interaction. Une démarche de conception participative a été mise en œuvre, étayée par l’utilisation d’un prototype et de méthodes créatives. Cette démarche a abouti à : (i) identifier un message informationnel approprié à chaque fonction de déplacement ; (ii) traduire ce message (par analogie) en métaphore ; (iii) transformer chaque métaphore en motifs vibratoires délivrés par un bracelet haptique. La troisième étude visait à évaluer le dispositif haptique (bracelet couplé à un Smartphone) en environnement réel. Une analyse d’activité de déplacement urbain a été menée, comparant un groupe disposant de notre prototype haptique d’aide à un groupe sans prototype. Les résultats confirment la potentialité de la modalité haptique pour améliorer les performances de déplacement et notamment une allure de déplacement plus fluide et une diminution du temps de consultation d’un support d’information. Notre étude ouvre des perspectives pour l’utilisation de la modalité haptique dans diverses interfaces mobiles (par exemple une smartwatch)Whether they are occasional or regular travellers, the pedestrians travelling in an urban environment and using public transportation have to face the complexity of the transportation network of large cities. The travelling aids are numerous and varied. They can be stationary or mobile (for example, applications on smartphones). These aids rely mainly on the visual sensory modality, already heavily requested during urban travel. An interesting alternative would be to use haptics (sense of touch). Indeed, this modality enables to convey travel and navigational information to the owner of a haptic device, by drawing discreetly his attention with tactile messages. Joining an approach of prospective ergonomics, this thesis aims to study the contribution of the haptic modality as a support for the activity of urban pedestrian travel. The applied objective is the design of a haptic device as an innovative travel aid, effective and accepted by the future users. This design project took place within the framework of the ANR project Tictact, led by the CEA-LIST from 2011 till 2014. The use of the haptic modality being put as an initial bias, the objective of the project was to determine the form that the assistance and the technology of the travel aid should take.To tackle this challenge, we conducted three successive studies. The first one, aimed at understanding the elementary cognitive activities mobilized when consulting information necessary to the pedestrian navigation. For that purpose, we analysed the behaviour of a pedestrian undertaking an urban travel (in the subway and on foot). The results allowed us to specify the functions that a future device assisting in the travel should include. Completed by a review of the literature on haptic interfaces and their use for assisting travel, these results led us to determine the eligible functions of the haptic modality.The second study aimed at designing the haptic interaction with the haptic interface, in two stages: first develop the concept of the interface and second design the interaction language. An approach of participative design was implemented, supported by the use of a device prototype and creative methods. This approach succeeded in: i) identifying an informative message suitable for each function of the travel; ii) translating this message (using an analogy) into a metaphor; and iii) transforming every metaphor into vibrotactile patterns delivered by a haptic wristband.The third study aimed at evaluating the haptic device (a wristband coupled with a Smartphone) in a real environment. An analysis of the activity of urban travel was conducted, comparing a group having a prototype of our haptic assistant to a group without such prototype. The results confirm the potentiality of the haptic modality to improve the travel performance in particular to enable a more fluid speed of travel and a decrease in the consultation time of an information medium. Our study opens up perspectives for the use of the haptic modality in diverse mobile interfaces (for example a smartwatch)
27
Oliveira, David Alisson Uchôa de. "As Grandes Navegações: aspectos matemáticos de alguns instrumentos náuticos." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2017. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/9838.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Leonardo Cavalcante (leo.ocavalcante@gmail.com) on 2018-05-03T12:33:08Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
Arquivototal.pdf: 6002949 bytes, checksum: 0ed7572907f269ddd55b584658c9ccd2 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Viviane Lima da Cunha (viviane@biblioteca.ufpb.br) on 2018-05-03T13:17:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivototal.pdf: 6002949 bytes, checksum: 0ed7572907f269ddd55b584658c9ccd2 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-03T13:17:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivototal.pdf: 6002949 bytes, checksum: 0ed7572907f269ddd55b584658c9ccd2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-28
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The Age of Discovery was an important historical period that occurred between the end of the fteenth century and the beginning of the seventeenth century. It was marked in an European point of view by discovery and invasion of America, the transition from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean in southern Africa and the rst circumnavigation travel. These transoceanic voyages were only possible thanks to a tremendous e ort to search for the development of sciences, especially, Mathematics. In the present work, we present the main instruments that was commonly used in that astronomical navigation, and a Mathematics involved on them period for.
A Era das Grandes Navegações foi um importante período histórico que ocorreu entre o m do século XV e o início do XVII e é marcada, para os europeus, pelo descobrimento das Américas, pelo estabelecimento da rota do Atlântico para o Índico pelo sul da África e pelas primeiras viagens de circunavegação do globo terrestre. Essas viagens transoceânicas só se tornaram possíveis graças a um esforço tremendo de busca pelo desenvolvimento das ciências, especialmente, a matemática, No presente trabalho, apresentamos os principais instrumentos que possibilitaram o desenvolvimento da navegação astronômica e a Matemática aliada à criação, constru ção e manuseio desses instrumentos náuticos antigos.
28
Mangonneaux, Audrey. "Autonomous system for submetric positioning of aircraft on airport surface." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014INPT0069.
Full textAbstract:
D’importants efforts sont faits actuellement pour améliorer la navigation aéroportuaire, notamment grâce au concept A-SMGCS (Advanced Surface Movement Guidance and Control System). Le but étant de pouvoir naviguer par tout temps, en particulier en condition de mauvaise visibilité. Un état de l’art des fonctions actuellement disponibles ainsi que des fonctions envisagées pour aider les pilotes sont présentés dans cette thèse. Le cœur du problème pour développer de nouvelles fonctionnalités pour la navigation aéroportuaire est de fournir une position estimée de l’avion avec un haut niveau de précision et d’intégrité. Généralement, cette position est calculée à partir du GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) et elle est parfois hybridée avec de l’inertie. La précision actuelle de la position estimée de l’avion est de l’ordre de la dizaine de mètres et son intégrité est caractérisée par un rayon de protection à 10-7/h de l’ordre de la centaine de mètre. Ce niveau de précision et d’intégrité n’est pas suffisant pour naviguer à la surface de l’aéroport en mauvaise condition de visibilité. Une précision sub-métrique associée à une intégrité métrique est requise (voir chapitre II de la thèse) pour naviguer en toute sécurité, en particulier à la porte d’embarquement où l’avion doit se garer. Dans un premier temps, les besoins pour naviguer en toute sécurité à la surface de l’aéroport ont été analysés afin de pouvoir en dériver des exigences sur la navigation. Les différents capteurs et moyens envisageables pour estimer la position de l’avion avec le niveau de précision requis sont introduits ainsi que leurs modèles d’erreur. Les résultats des simulations sont présentés dans le dernier chapitreImportant effort is being undertaken to design new A-SMGCS (Advanced Surface Movement Guidance and Control System) architecture and functions that will enable an efficient and safe management of the traffic on the surface of the airport, in all weather conditions. The state of the art in airport navigation, with the current functions available to assist pilots, and also the additional applications envisaged to improve the airport navigation in low visibility condition is introduced. To develop new airport navigation functionalities, the heart of the problem is to provide an aircraft position estimate with a high level of accuracy and integrity. This position is often provided by GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) and sometimes it is hybridize with inertia. The current aircraft position estimate accuracy is about dozen meters and the integrity is characterized by a protection level about hundred meters at 10-7/h. This current accuracy and integrity are not sufficient no navigate safely on the airport surface in low visibility conditions. A submetric accuracy with a high integrity level is required (see chapter II), particularly at the gate to park the aircraft. First of all, needs to navigate safely on the airport surface have been analyzed to be able to derive requirements about navigation system. It is important to note that a good knowledge of the context (airport environment) is required to develop an appropriate application. After this analysis of needs and context, a solution has been developed in this thesis. The proposed solution has been validated by simulation
29
Stüber, Volker [Verfasser], and Tobias [Akademischer Betreuer] Hüfner. "Die optische 3D-Navigation feinster Instrumente : eine Machbarkeitsstudie und Präzisionsanalyse / Volker Stüber ; Akademischer Betreuer: Tobias Hüfner ; Klinik für Unfallchirurgie im Zentrum Chirurgie der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover." Hannover : Bibliothek der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1169668909/34.
Full text
30
Com'Nougue, Michel. "Les nouvelles méthodes de navigation durant le Moyen Age." Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00819271.
Full textAbstract:
Les nouvelles méthodes de navigation durant le Moyen Age. Le navire de commerce à voile est propulsé par le vent et doit donc suivre cette direction générale. La navigation peut se définir selon un aspect d'abord stratégique comme le choix d'une route en tenant compte des contraintes imposées par le vent et un aspect tactique concernant le tracé et le contrôle, en cours d'exécution de cette route. 1-Dans un premier temps, la navigation antique ne se réfère qu'au seul vent qui est le moteur mais aussi le guide du navigateur pour suivre la route fixée par l'observation des traces qu'il imprime sur la mer. C'est la navigation à vue. La limite de la méthode est atteinte quand le vent devient changeant au large, ce qui oblige alors une vérification de la direction par l'observation des astres. 2- L'apparition de l'aiguille aimantée résout en partie ce problème. L'orientation géographique entraine la mise au point, à la fin du XIIIe siècle, d'une nouvelle méthode : l'estime. L'estime est la résolution graphique des problèmes que pose le contrôle de la route choisie. Cette résolution suppose, d'une part, l'usage de la boussole et d'une orientation géographique et, d'autre part, une analyse vectorielle sur un support la carte marine qui est donc indissociable de la méthode. Le plus gros défaut de l'estime est que les positions sont définies par projection dans le futur de paramètres, cap et distances parcourues actuels. Des différences sont donc à prévoir qui entrainent une zone d'incertitude sur le point estimé. 3- Lorsqu'au début du XVe siècle les navigateurs se lancent dans l'inconnu, obligés de suivre le vent qui décrit des boucles, les voyages s'allongent sans voir la terre pour une confrontation avec des positions avérées. La taille des zones d'incertitude obligent le navigateur a préciser sa position finale par d'autres méthodes basées sur des observations astronomiques. On peut distinguer deux méthodes : Tout d'abord, la méthode des hauteurs de polaire, de 1433 à 1480 environ, qui permet de finaliser la volta et d'effectuer un atterrissage selon une route Est-Ouest. L'analyse de la technique nautique de Colomb, qui utilise cette méthode, est très semblable à celle décrite par Ibn Majid dans son traité de navigation. Il est probable qu'il y a eu transmission sans pouvoir préciser les circonstances exactes.Mais dès que les navigateurs franchissent l'équateur la polaire devient indisponible, les navigateurs doivent observer le soleil. Cette deuxième méthode est plus délicate car les paramètres du soleil changent chaque jour. Ils obligent donc le navigateur à calculer la latitude, à partir de l'observation de la méridienne de soleil et par l'usage de tables des données solaire : os regimentos do sol. C'est cette méthode qui permet à Vasco da Gama de doubler le cap de Bonne Esperance, en 1498, ce qui marque la fin de la période étudiée. Pour conclure il faut remarquer que ces deux derniers méthodes sont le fruit d'une coopération entre les usagers et les scientifiques sous l'égide du pouvoir, décidé à atteindre le but fixé. C'est donc le fruit d'une véritable recherche scientifique. En second lieu, il faut également noter que les progrès de la navigation accompagnent des progrès parallèles en architecture navale, le gouvernail d'étambot, ainsi que de nouvelles procédures dans le commerce maritime. L'étude des interactions entre ces divers domaines reste à faire.
31
Vissicaro, Suseli de Paula. "A construção de uma proposta didático-metodológica a partir da história dos instrumentos de navegação marítima portugueses." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFABC, 2014.
Find full textAbstract:
Orientadora: ProfªDrª Márcia Helena AlvimDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ensino, História, Filosofia das Ciências e Matemática, 2014.
O presente estudo discute sobre a inserção de componentes históricos no ensino das Ciências,no Ensino Fundamental I, a partir da construção e análise de uma proposta didático-metodológica. A pesquisa, caracterizada como estudo de caso, busca inserir a História das Ciências em sala de aula,justificando-se que ela favorece a compreensão da natureza da ciência e de como o conhecimento científico é construído, contribuindo para a formação crítica do cidadão, em uma proposta de Educação Científica. Desta forma, buscamos responder se é possível utilizar a História da Ciência nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental, numa perspectiva interdisciplinar, como elemento contextualizador, de modo a favorecer a compreensão do processo de construção dos conhecimentos científicos. Apresentamos neste estudo a proposta didática, desenvolvida no 3º ano do ensino fundamental, com o tema das Grandes Navegações Portuguesas, tendo por objetivo analisar a contribuição da HC para o ensino das ciências.Por abordagem histórica elegemos a História dos Instrumentos de navegação marítima dos séculos XV e XVI, numa perspectiva interdisciplinar, favorecendo uma discussão contextualizada das relações existentes e da natureza da ciência. As atividades planejadas, organizadas em forma de sequência didática, foram aplicadas e analisadas aluz dos referenciais teóricos que embasam esta investigação, cujos resultados, corroboram com a inclusão e utilização da HC no ensino, aliada a atividades que possibilitem ao aluno perguntar, pesquisar, refletir, investigar, contribuindo para sua alfabetização cientifica, discutindo a ciência enquanto construção humana, dentro de uma proposta de Educação Científica.
This study isabout the inclusion of historical components in teaching Science in Elementary Education I, from the construction and analysis of a didactic-methodological proposal. The research, characterized as a case study intends toincluding the History of Sciences in class, justifying that it leads to understanding the nature of science and how the scientific knowledge is constructed, contributing to the critical education of citizens, in a proposal for Scientific Education. Thus, we try to answerif it is possible to use the History of Sciences in the initial years of the Elementary School, in an interdisciplinary perspective, as contextualizingelement in order to promote the understanding of the construction process of scientific knowledge. We present in this study the didactic proposal developed in the thirdyear of elementary education, with the theme of the Great Portuguese Navigations, in order to analyze the contribution of HS to science education. Using ahistorical approach, we chosethe History of Instruments, with emphasis on marine navigation instruments of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, promoting a contextualized discussion of the existing relations and the nature of science. The activities planned, organized into a didactic sequence, were applied and analyzed according to thetheoretical references that support this research, whichresults corroborate the inclusion and use ofHS in teaching, combined with activities that enable students to ask, research, reflectandinvestigate, contributing to their scientific literacy, by discussing science as a human construction, within a proposal for Science Education.
32
O'Hara, Michael Patrick. "The Navy as a Political Instrument: Freedom of Navigation Operations 1958-2013." Thesis, 2016. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8JS9QCZ.
Full textAbstract:
Through the Freedom of Navigation Program, established in 1979, the United States exercises diplomatic and military options for disputing maritime claims it judges to be inconsistent with customary international law and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Yet, despite the United States’ universal commitment to freedom of navigation and the law of the sea, it has behaved inconsistently from 1979-2013. This dissertation examines the variation and asks under what conditions the United States demonstrates its refusal to acquiesce to maritime claims—either by issuing a diplomatic protest or driving a warship through the disputed waters. This dissertation introduces a new dataset of every coastal state in the world over this 34-year period, coding each type of maritime claim made by every coastal state in the world, whether the United States disputes that particular claim, and whether the United States takes some kind of diplomatic or operational action to dispute it. The mixed-method analysis proceeds with a large-n quantitative analysis that sets up a qualitative case study on the Strait of Hormuz. The dissertation begins and concludes with a discussion of current conditions in the South China Sea and the United States activity in this disputed region.
This study finds that territorial and usage claims are twice as strongly correlated with operational assertions as a response than diplomatic protests. More specifically, coastal states that require foreign ships to obtain permission prior to entering their territorial sea are most highly correlated with operational assertions. When the United States disputes a maritime claim, military powers and wealthy states are no more likely to receive Freedom of Navigation operations (FONOPS) than others. Moreover, bilateral trade relationships and polity type hardly seem to matter. Similarly, neither the number of ships nor diplomatic representation increases the likelihood of FONOPS. Rather, a coastal state’s possession of nuclear weapons significantly increases the likelihood of receiving an operational assertion—especially if that states has made a declaration upon ratification of UNCLOS.
33
Mills, James Christopher. "Proposed IFR air ambulance coverage for Middle and East Tennessee." 2003. http://etd.utk.edu/2003/MillsJamesChristopher.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2003.Title from title page screen (viewed Oct. 14, 2003). Thesis advisor: Ralph Kimberlin. Document formatted into pages (x, 64 p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps). Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 58-63).
34
Miau, Daniel. "Personalized Navigation Instruments for Map User Interfaces." Thesis, 2018. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8Q25G55.
Full textAbstract:
A map is a big multi-scale information space. The size of a computer display, however, is limited. Users of digital maps often need to repeatedly resize and reposition the map to seek information. These repeated and excess interactions mar the user experience, and create bottlenecks for efficient information processing.
We introduce personalized navigation instruments, a class of navigation instruments that leverage personal important spatial entities (e.g., landmarks and routes) to tackle navigation challenges in map user interfaces. Specifically, we contribute the following three instruments, each of which embodies a novel research idea: 1) Personalized Compass (P-Compass) is a multi-needle compass that extends the concept of a conventional compass to help users establish a reference frame. P-Compass localizes an unknown reference point by visualizing its relationship with respect to landmarks. P-Compass leverages what a user knows to help them figure out what they do not know. 2) SpaceTokens are interactive map widgets that represent locations, and help users see and link locations rapidly. With SpaceTokens, users can use locations directly as controls to manipulate a map, or building blocks to link with other locations. SpaceTokens make locations first-class citizens of map interaction. 3) SpaceBar associates a simple linear scrollbar with a complex nonlinear route, thus facilitates efficient route comprehension and interaction. SpaceBar is akin to a scrollbar for a route.
We prototyped these three instruments in a custom smartphone application, used the application regularly in daily life, and validated our design in two formal studies. While maps are the focus in this dissertation, our ideas need not be limited to maps. For example, we have prototyped P-Compass with Google Street View and a 3D virtual earth tour application. We conclude this dissertation with several directions for future work, such as AR/VR and personalized spatial information user interfaces involving sound, gestures, and speech.
35
Cox, Kieron Michael Tesling. "The design and development of software simulating interactive marine radar and electronic navigation instruments based on a PC platform." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/2832.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertation submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the Master's Diploma in Technology: Maritime Studies, Technikon Natal, 1999.This study was intended to develop suitable software to emulate Marine Radar and other Electronic Navigation Systems found on Merchant,vessels. This equipment includes Radar with or without Automatic Radar Plotting facilities, Navstar Global Positioning Systems, Echo Sounders, Radio Direction Finder as well as Decca Navigator. Certain of these aids are required in the Radar Simulator Specifications [ref 1] to which the SAMSA - South African Maritime Safety Authority (formerly the South African Department of Transport) adheres. SAMSA is the authority which approves Maritime training and Simulators in South Africa in compliance with International standards as laid down by, IMO - International Maritime Organisation.
M
36
Correia, Orlando C. G. "Aplicação de instrumentos voluntários de gestão ambiental: rótulo ecológico europeu na indústria da pasta de papel: the navigator company." Bachelor's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.2/10438.
Full textAbstract:
Licenciatura Ciências do Ambiente. Projeto da U.C. de Trabalhos de Campo II.Ao longo do século XX, as sucessivas revoluções industriais, o crescimento da população, assim como o crescimento do sector industrial, contribuíram para o forte desgaste do ambiente e do Planeta. A sociedade tem-se desenvolvido sustentada num consumo energético e de recursos indispensáveis ao ambiente, deixando para trás a sua enorme pegada ecológica, influenciando diretamente a capacidade de não comprometimento das gerações futuras em suprir as suas próprias necessidades (Brundtland; WCED,1987). Na contemporaneidade do século XXI, a Sustentabilidade Ecológica ganhou, assim, uma assinalável relevância, levando a que consumidores e empresas adotassem medidas e políticas de sustentabilidade cada vez mais exigentes. O sector empresarial tem vindo a ser considerado como um dos principais responsáveis pelo consumo desenfreado de recursos e emissão de resíduos, com especial destaque para o sector industrial. O trabalho descrito neste relatório, pretende evidenciar a crescente adoção de medidas de sustentabilidade e avaliar as respetivas vantagens, com destaque na atribuição de certificação ecológica, por parte do sector empresarial, a exigência que estas representam em todo o processo produtivo e o valor acrescentado que permitem atribuir à respetiva cadeia de valor. A The Navigator Company, empresa Portuguesa do sector papeleiro, serviu de referência e base para o projeto, enquanto companhia de grande expressão no sector industrial europeu, pioneira na adoção de medidas e definição de metas de sustentabilidade exigentes. Tem por isso, a natural preocupação de tornar bem equilibrado todo o processo de sustentabilidade e que o mesmo seja uma constante efetiva nas decisões da empresa
N/A
37
Chapman, Matthew. "The evolution of professional aviation culture in Canada, 1939-1945." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/3023.
Full textAbstract:
The rapid expansion of the postwar commercial aviation industry in Canada was
made possible, in part, by the thousands of wartime pilots who filled the ranks of
the nation’s major airlines beginning in 1944. Through mentorship of subsequent
generations of peacetime aviators, wartime pilots had lasting impacts on the
Canadian commercial aviation industry during their time flying for companies such as Trans Canada Airlines (TCA).
Following an examination of the agreements made between the Royal Canadian Air Force and TCA between 1944 and 1945 for the transfer of pilots between the two organizations, this thesis tracks the development of the professional culture
of wartime RCAF aviators through an analysis of their training and subsequent
operational flying during the war. It concludes that while there were numerous
benefits for commercial aviation in Canada through this process, there were,
likewise, a series of negative repercussions for the safety of the Canadian aviation industry.
38
Anand, Raj R. "Kalman Filter Estimation Of Ionospheric TEC And Differential Instrumental Biases Over Low Latitude Using Dual Frequency GPS Observations." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/426.
Full textAbstract:
The low latitude tropical ionosphere has been investigated by various researchers
using Global Positioning System (GPS). Presently for many civil aviation applications, the ionospheric modeling of the tropical region has gained importance, in particular for flight safety. Since ionosphere is dispersive in nature, dual frequency (L1 = 1575.42 MHz and L2 = 1227.60 MHz) GPS observations can be used to obtain Ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC). Since TEC varies with local time and geomagnetic latitude, an Ionospheric Modeling Technique using spatial linear approximation of vertical TEC over receiver station has been implemented following Sardon et al. The effects of all the
systematic errors due to the satellite plus the receiver (SPR) instrumental biases can reach upto several nanoseconds. (1 TEC is 1016 electrons/m2, 1 ns = 2.86 TEC and
1 TEC = 0.16 m). Hence, to have an accurate estimation of ionospheric TEC, the
instrumental biases must also be estimated. This thesis describes a heuristic adaptive
Kalman Filtering scheme developed to estimate the TEC, the constants in the
linearisation scheme, as well as the above total instrumental biases.
The Kalman filter implementation is basically an optimization problem of
minimizing the Cost Function J based on the difference between the model output and the
measurement, called as the ‘innovation’, scaled by its covariance. In order to obtain the best possible results using the Kalman Filter approach, it is essential to provide
appropriate values for the initial state, process and measurement noise covariances (P0, Q and R) respectively, which in general may not be known. Usually manual tuning of the filter parameter is carried out without using the above cost function J! The filter
estimates can be highly sensitive to the above chosen statistics and thus these will have to be estimated carefully. Hence, we have utilized the Adaptive Kalman Filtering procedure of Myers and Tapley extended by Gemson and Ananthasayanam. The minimization is carried out by simultaneously estimating the above statistics and the unknown
parameters, which include the TEC and the instrumental bias. In addition, A Constant
Gain Kalman Filter approach using Genetic Algorithm (GA) has also been developed for
the above requirement. It is observed that the steady state gains in KF and AKF
approaches are in good match with the constant gains obtained from Genetic Algorithm.
Using the above Adaptive Kalman Filtering technique and Constant Gain Kalman Filter approach, vertical TEC values and SPR biases have been estimated from the IGS receiver observations stationed at ISTRAC/ISRO, Bangalore, India. A diurnal TEC variation over Bangalore for a period of one year for 2003 and January 2004 is estimated and reported in this thesis. This approach has also been applied to study the behaviour of
the ionosphere over low latitude IGS station at Fortaleza, Brazil data during the great
magnetic storm on the 15th July 2000 and the results were found to be consistent with the
results of Basu et al. In addition, Using Constant Kalman filter, the TEC enhancement
over Indian region has been estimated for the October 2003 Ionospheric storm, and the
results were found to be consistent with the reported results in the literature.