Journal articles: 'Instrument navigation'

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Gyldén, Sven G. "Optimizing Instrument Navigation in Restricted Waters." Journal of Navigation 42, no. 2 (May 1989): 187–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300014417.

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1. INTRODUCTION. The object of open-ocean navigation is basically to find a ship's position. In coastal and confined waters, another dimension is added – the margins for errors are smaller, and actual ship handling must be integrated with the pure navigational disciplines. In restricted waters, the traditional philosophy of position fixing at intervals in terms of a point, e.g. cross-bearings, bearing and distance off a reference object, or latitude/longitude, is no longer a prime objective.

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Jones, David H., Tom A. Jordan, and Carl Robinson. "An Avionics Platform for Multi-instrument Survey Navigation." Journal of Navigation 69, no. 5 (March 7, 2016): 927–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463316000084.

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The British Antarctic Survey regularly conducts airborne surveys with Twin Otter aircraft equipped with a variety of instruments. Each instrument captures its specific navigation requirements in a dedicated cockpit display that is unique and incompatible with that of other instruments. This creates unwanted logistical problems and training requirements, and necessitates extra air safety certification. In this paper we describe a new avionics display that is sufficiently flexible to capture the requirements of all of our instruments, as well as all of the preferences of our pilots. This Airborne Survey Navigation Device (ASCEND) dynamically routes aircraft within the constraints of the survey and features flexible and intuitive planning and navigation interfaces. ASCEND has been tested and compared to the instrument specific displays and is preferred, both for its ease of use and also for the effective accuracy of the pilot following a survey line.

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Shang, Jian, Lei Yang, Pan Huang, Huizhi Yang, Chengbao Liu, Jing Wang, Lei Zhao, Shengxiong Zhou, Xiaodong Chen, and Zhiqing Zhang. "Instrument observation strategy for a new generation of three-axis-stabilized geostationary meteorological satellites from China." Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems 8, no. 2 (July 18, 2019): 161–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gi-8-161-2019.

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Abstract. The Fengyun-4 (FY-4) satellite series is a new generation of geostationary meteorological satellites from China. The newly adopted three-axis-stabilized attitude-control platform can increase observation efficiency and flexibility while bringing great challenges for image navigation as well as integrated observation mode design. Considering the requirements of earth observation, navigation and calibration as well as observation flexibility, instrument observation strategies are proposed. These include the earth, the moon, stars, cold space, blackbody and diffuser observations on which the instruments' in-orbit daily observations must be based. The most complicated part is the star observation strategy, while navigation precision is dependent on in-orbit star observations. A flexible, effective, stable and automatic star observation strategy directly influences star data acquisition and navigation precision. According to the requirement of navigation, two specific star observation strategies for the two main instruments on board FY-4A were proposed to be used in the operational ground system. The strategies have been successfully used in FY-4A in-orbit tests for more than a year. Both the simulation results and in-orbit application results are given, including instrument observation strategies, star observation strategies and moon observation tasks, to demonstrate the validity of the proposed observation strategies, which lay important foundations for the instruments' daily operation.

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Griese, Lennert, Eva-Maria Berens, Peter Nowak, Jürgen M. Pelikan, and Doris Schaeffer. "Challenges in Navigating the Health Care System: Development of an Instrument Measuring Navigation Health Literacy." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 16 (August 8, 2020): 5731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165731.

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Due to their rapid expansion and complexity, it is increasingly difficult for patients to orient themselves in health care systems. Therefore, patients require a high degree of health literacy, or more precisely, navigation health literacy (HL-NAV). The actual extent of HL-NAV of patients and citizens is still largely unknown due to the lack of adequate measurement instruments. Thus, within the new international Health Literacy Population Survey 2019 (HLS19), one aim was to develop a suitable instrument for measuring HL-NAV in the HLS19 the HL-NAV-HLS19. The item development was conducted by an international working group within the HLS19 Consortium led by the first and last authors. Methodologically, it is based on a scoping literature review, development of a conceptual framework for HL-NAV, and first item formation, as well as an evaluation by experts, stakeholders, focus groups, pre-test interviews, and continuously feedback from the HLS19 Consortium. HL-NAV was defined as the ability to access, understand, appraise, and apply information on navigational issues, drawing on ten selected publications and the health literacy definition of the HLS-EU Consortium. Main tasks of HL-NAV at the system, organization, and interaction level were identified, to which first related items were assigned. Based on the feedback from experts, the focus group discussions, and the HLS19 Consortium, the instrument was slightly revised. Finally, twelve items proved to be feasible in the pre-test. The instrument will be used for the first time in the HLS19 survey and will provide first data on HL-NAV in general populations for the countries participating in HLS19. It is suited for cross-country comparisons and monitoring, as well as for intervention development. However, the instrument should be translated into and validated in further languages and countries for population samples.

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Lindo, Roneil S., John E. Deaton, John H. Cain, and Celine Lang. "Methods of Instrument Training and Effects on Pilots’ Performance With Different Types of Flight Instrument Displays." Aviation Psychology and Applied Human Factors 2, no. 2 (January 2012): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/2192-0923/a000028.

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As computer display technology has evolved, so have the aircraft instrument displays pilots use for aircraft control and navigation. With the aid of two different flight training devices – one configured with steam gauges and the other configured with glass cockpit – this study measured aircraft control and navigation differences between two pilot groups. Pilot Group 1 had earned their instrument rating in aircraft equipped with steam gauges, and Pilot Group 2 had earned their instrument rating in aircraft equipped with glass cockpits. Using displays for which they were not trained, each pilot was tested on aircraft control and navigation precision. The test required that pilots complete basic instrument maneuvers and an instrument landing system approach. Using MANOVA, deviations from assigned values were recorded and statistically compared. Study findings indicated that steam gauge pilots transitioning to glass cockpits perform better than glass cockpit pilots transitioning to steam gauge displays.

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Azizi, Arash, Charles C. Tremblay, Kévin Gagné, and Sylvain Martel. "Using the fringe field of a clinical MRI scanner enables robotic navigation of tethered instruments in deeper vascular regions." Science Robotics 4, no. 36 (November 27, 2019): eaax7342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.aax7342.

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Navigating tethered instruments through the vasculatures to reach deeper physiological locations presently inaccessible would extend the applicability of many medical interventions, including but not limited to local diagnostics, imaging, and therapies. Navigation through narrower vessels requires minimizing the diameter of the instrument, resulting in a decrease of its stiffness until steerability becomes unpractical, while pushing the instrument at the insertion site to counteract the friction forces from the vessel walls caused by the bending of the instrument. To reach beyond the limit of using a pushing force alone, we report a method relying on a complementary directional pulling force at the tip created by gradients resulting from the magnetic fringe field emanating outside a clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. The pulling force resulting from gradients exceeding 2 tesla per meter in a space that supports human-scale interventions allows the use of smaller magnets, such as the deformable spring as described here, at the tip of the instrument. Directional forces are achieved by robotically positioning the patient at predetermined successive locations inside the fringe field, a method that we refer to as fringe field navigation (FFN). We show through in vitro and in vivo experiments that x-ray–guided FFN could navigate microguidewires through complex vasculatures well beyond the limit of manual procedures and existing magnetic platforms. Our approach facilitated miniaturization of the instrument by replacing the torque from a relatively weak magnetic field with a configuration designed to exploit the superconducting magnet-based directional forces available in clinical MRI rooms.

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Abdallah, Rania, Thomas R. Gildea, Peter J. Mazzone, Michael S. Machuzak, and Atul C. Mehta. "BIOPSY INSTRUMENT AND YIELD IN ELECTROMAGNETIC NAVIGATION BRONCHOSCOPY." Chest 134, no. 4 (October 2008): 96P. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.134.4_meetingabstracts.p96004.

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Steppacher, Simon D., Jens H. Kowal, and Stephen Barry Murphy. "Improving Cup Positioning Using a Mechanical Navigation Instrument." Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research® 469, no. 2 (September 18, 2010): 423–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11999-010-1553-8.

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Karjala, Patrick, Dean Lodes, Kari Noe, Anna Sikkink, and Jason Leigh. "Kilo Hōkū—Experiencing Hawaiian, Non-Instrument Open Ocean Navigation through Virtual Reality." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 26, no. 3 (May 1, 2018): 264–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pres_a_00301.

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In this article, we present our development of a virtual reality simulation of sailing on the Hōkūle‘a, a Polynesian double-hulled sailing canoe built in Hawai‘i in 1974, which completed its worldwide journey in 2017. The construction and sailing of this vessel is of significant importance to the Hawaiian cultural renaissance of the 1970s and 1980s; of particular relevance is Hawaiian wayfinding, the cultural practice of navigating across the open ocean to a destination without the use of maps or modern navigation instruments. By developing the simulation, we aimed to assist in the cultural preservation of the star navigation portion of Hawaiian wayfinding techniques, and to help to educate future generations of non-instrument navigators. The first implementation of Kilo Hōkū as a cultural heritage project in virtual reality was to test its viability as a tool for Modern Hawaiian wayfinders to use in classroom instruction, and its realism as an accurate reproduction of the Hōkūle‘a’s sailing experience. The reaction to the simulation from current practicing Modern Hawaiian wayfinders was positive, and indicates that further study is warranted in testing the efficacy of the simulation for teaching Hawaiian wayfinding to future navigators, as well as preserving and spreading knowledge of Hōkūle‘a and of Modern Hawaiian wayfinding beyond Hawai‘i.

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Gieseler, Oliver, Julio C. Alvarez-Gomez, Hubert Roth, and Jürgen Wahrburg. "Design of smart tools to support pre- and intra-operative use of surgical navigation systems." tm - Technisches Messen 85, no. 5 (May 25, 2018): 351–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/teme-2017-0119.

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Abstract In this paper we present novel solutions to support the application of computer assisted surgical interventions in which optical surgical navigation systems based on stereo cameras are used. The objective is to improve both the pre-operative setup and the intra-operative use of the navigation system. Following a short introduction describing the potential for improvements of existing navigation systems new approaches and the components to implement them are described. The pre-operative alignment of the stereo camera is made easier by attaching a small graphic display to its tripod which can show how much of the operating area is covered by the measurement volume of the camera. The intra-operative application is improved by a mechanism for motorized camera motions in order to follow the position of surgical instruments. Furthermore a small display can be attached to a surgical instrument which clearly indicates to the surgeon how to guide the instrument in order to stay on the planned trajectory.

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Svensson, A., and J. Holst. "Integration of Navigation Data." Journal of Navigation 48, no. 1 (January 1995): 114–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300012558.

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This article treats integration of navigation data from a variety of sensors in a submarine using extended Kalman filtering in order to improve the accuracy of position, velocity and heading estimates. The problem has been restricted to planar motion. The measurement system consists of an inertial navigation system, a gyro compass, a passive log, an active log and a satellite navigation system. These subsystems are briefly described and models for the measurement errors are given.Four different extended Kalman filters have been tested by computer simulations. The simulations distinctly show that the passive subsystems alone are insufficient to improve the estimate of the position obtained from the inertial navigation system. A log measuring the velocity relative to the ground or a position determining system are needed. The improvement depends on the accuracy of the measuring instruments, the extent of time the instrument can be used and which filter is being used. The most complex filter, which contains fourteen states, eight to describe the motion of the submarine and six to describe the measurement system, including a model of the inertial navigation system, works very well.

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Shi, Yan Bin, Yuan Fang Jian, Shi Yong Qiu, and Yi Jun Li. "Test System for Airborne ILS Navigation Apparatus Based on Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Instrument." Advanced Materials Research 588-589 (November 2012): 1602–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.588-589.1602.

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ILS (Instrument landing system) is one kind of the important airborne navigation systems. The performances of the airborne ILS navigation apparatus are vital to safeguard the safe landing of the aircraft. This paper reviews the basic work process of the ILS, summarizes the test theory from the artificial intelligence and virtual instrument view point, discussed the test system construction, and presents the detail design thought. Particular attention is paid to the failures isolating problems. It is shown that test system for airborne ILS navigation apparatus based on artificial intelligence and virtual instrument improved the accuracy and reliability.

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Berens, Angelique M., Richard Alex Harbison, Yangming Li, Randall A. Bly, Nava Aghdasi, Manuel Ferreira, Blake Hannaford, and Kris S. Moe. "Quantitative Analysis of Transnasal Anterior Skull Base Approach: Report of Technology for Intraoperative Assessment of Instrument Motion." Surgical Innovation 24, no. 4 (April 15, 2017): 405–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1553350617702307.

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Objective: To develop a method to measure intraoperative surgical instrument motion. This model will be applicable to the study of surgical instrument kinematics including surgical training, skill verification, and the development of surgical warning systems that detect aberrant instrument motion that may result in patient injury. Design: We developed an algorithm to automate derivation of surgical instrument kinematics in an endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery model. Surgical instrument motion was recorded during a cadaveric endoscopic transnasal approach to the pituitary using a navigation system modified to record intraoperative time-stamped Euclidian coordinates and Euler angles. Microdebrider tip coordinates and angles were referenced to the cadaver’s preoperative computed tomography scan allowing us to assess surgical instrument kinematics over time. A representative cadaveric endoscopic endonasal approach to the pituitary was performed to demonstrate feasibility of our algorithm for deriving surgical instrument kinematics. Conclusions: Technical feasibility of automatically measuring intraoperative surgical instrument motion and deriving kinematics measurements was demonstrated using standard navigation equipment.

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Okado, Izumi, Kevin Cassel, Ian Pagano, Erin Fukaya, Timothy Kelleher, Tracey Hewitt, and Randall F. Holcombe. "Validation of an oncology-specific instrument to measure cancer patients’ perception of care coordination." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): 6543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.6543.

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6543 Background: According to the IOM, effective coordination of care (CC) is a critical component of high-quality cancer care; however, lack of a reliable and validated measure limits our current understanding of cancer care coordination. We examined psychometric properties and utility of a Care Coordination Instrument (CCI), a survey developed to assess cancer patients’ perceptions of care coordination. Methods: The 29-item CCI was administered to 200 patients receiving active treatment for cancer at private oncology practices and hospital-based facilities from Oct. 2018 to Jan. 2019. The CCI includes subscales that evaluate CC in 3 domains (Communication, Navigation, Operational) across 4 areas of CC (patient-physician; between health providers; during inpatient-to-ambulatory care transitions; during transitions across different phases of care). All items were rated on a 4-point Likert scale. Results: Psychometric analyses of the CCI demonstrated that it has good internal consistency reliability (α = .917) and the three-factor solution was an acceptable fit (CFI = .853, SRMR = .065). Overall, cancer types (leukemia, myeloma) and having an identified patient navigator significantly predicted higher patients’ ratings of CC ( p < .05). Similar trends were found for Communication and Operation subscale scores ( p < .05). Having an identified navigator predicted higher Navigation scores ( p < .05). Marginally significant differences were found for practice setting, with patients receiving care in hospital-based facilities reporting better CC ( p = .085). Item-level analyses revealed significant differences in specific aspects of CC (e.g., physician-patient communication) across cancer type, presence/absence of a patient navigator, and practice setting. Conclusions: The results demonstrate that the CCI is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring cancer patients’ perceptions of care coordination. Perception of CC correlated with the presence of a navigator, underlying cancer type and (trending) practice setting. Use of this instrument may reveal important information about cancer care coordination and may identify areas of targets for improvement in patient-centered cancer care delivery.

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Stulberg, S. "Computer Navigation as a Teaching Instrument in Knee Reconstruction Surgery." Journal of Knee Surgery 20, no. 02 (January 20, 2010): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1248038.

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Herrlich, Marc, Parnian Tavakol, David Black, Dirk Wenig, Christian Rieder, Rainer Malaka, and Ron Kikinis. "Instrument-mounted displays for reducing cognitive load during surgical navigation." International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery 12, no. 9 (February 23, 2017): 1599–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11548-017-1540-6.

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Canas, António Costa, Magda Ramires Marabujo, and Teresa Sousa. "Coutinho's Method for the Altitude." Journal of Navigation 73, no. 4 (December 11, 2019): 861–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463319000961.

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In the first aerial crossing of the South Atlantic, by Gago Coutinho and Sacadura Cabral in 1922, several methods of astronomical maritime navigation were used with adaptions to aerial navigation. In order to apply these methods, the navigator needed to know the approximate altitude of the aircraft so that its position could be determined. The instrument available at that time, the altimeter, did not give reliable values for altitude. Therefore, Coutinho had to devise a method that enabled the navigator to determine the altitude quickly and efficiently. The method Coutinho devised is based on a mathematical and geometrical procedure. In this paper, we study in detail Coutinho's method to determine altitude, with diagrams to aid understanding of the deductions and calculations. We also present a real example of how this method would be used during the flight.

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Shipov, Il’ya, and Evgeniy Vetoshkin. "Integrated navigation of unmanned ground vehicles." Robotics and Technical Cybernetics 9, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31776/rtcj.9207.

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The article considers the experience of creating integrated navigation systems for ground robotic complexes. The main difficulties of choosing the instrument composition and element base in the conditions of domestic industry are outlined. A typical algorithm for prioritizing the initial data for the integrating and generating solutions algorithm for tasks of orientation and determining spatial position is described.

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Zhang, Xiao Yue, Xiao Jing Yi, and Chun Xi Zhang. "Optical-Mechanical-Electrical Integrative Design of Fiber Optic Gyro/Beidou/Odometer Integrated Navigation System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 1346–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.1346.

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To improve the reliability, real-time performance and maintainability of navigation system, an optical-mechanical-electrical integrative design method of the fiber optic gyro inertial navigation /beidou/odometer integrated navigation system is proposed. Based on the basic working principle of the integrated navigation system, design of system structure and signal connection are implemented. In the integrated navigation system, all-fixed-structure, instrument and system integrative design and modularization design are used. At last, the integrated navigation system is developed, north seeking test and vehicle test are carried out to demonstrate the validity of the referred system design.

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Zavalishin, O. I. "ABOUT TWO-STAR GBAS." Civil Aviation High TECHNOLOGIES 21, no. 3 (July 3, 2018): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.26467/2079-0619-2018-21-3-37-46.

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The problem of accurate navigation support for landing systems is of great importance in our time in connection with the constantly increasing intensity of air traffic in major airports. At present, there is a trend towards a transition to navigational identification of aircraft by satellite radio navigation systems. Currently, two global navigation satellite systems, composed of navigational spacecraft – the Russian GLONASS system and the USA GPS system – operate in full. Moreover, to provide the necessary accuracy of positioning and data integrity the additional means are used – differential corrections. The article gives evidence of increasing the accuracy of positioning using the GBAS system. It is shown that the positioning with using GBAS ensures data integrity, corresponding to the category of «critical data» in accordance with ICAO requirements. The technical advantages of the Russian GBAS station are given. A comparative analysis of GBAS and the ILS landing system has been carried out. The article proves the urgency of the functional augmentation development of multi-frequency multi-system terrestrial systems. To calculate the characteristics of the maintenance continuity of the GBAS system, the complex technical systems effectiveness method of evaluation was used. Numerical data are presented on the probability of solving the navigation problem in the differential mode for the nominal mode. The calculation of the maintenance continuity characteristics of the GBAS system based on the complex technical systems effectiveness method of evaluation was carried out. The advantages of using the mobile version of the GBAS LKKS-A-2000 station are substantiated to provide the helicopters with an instrument approach for landing on unprepared sites. The figure shows the implementation of coordinates estimation errors in the differential mode in solving the navigation problem using 5 navigation satellites of the GPS system. The figure shows the implementation of estimation errors for the same record in using all visible and navigational satellites. The figure shows the number of visible navigation satellites.

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Beringer, Dennis B., and Howard C. Harris. "Navigation Display Integration in the General Aviation Environment: Performance using the Horizontal Situation Indicator." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 39, no. 1 (October 1995): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129503900104.

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Much effort has been invested in examining integrated instrumentation for advanced aircraft cockpits, but little comparable effort has been directed toward the greatest number of aircraft presently flying - those in the general aviation environment. This study examined the benefits of a simple and widely available integrated instrument, the horizontal situation indicator (HSI), in the performance of simple navigation and orientation tasks by private pilots. Tested in the context of the multiple-processor Basic General Aviation Research Simulator (BGARS), pilots exhibited significantly fewer navigational reversals and orientational errors when using the HSI (in comparison with their performances when using the traditional VOR and Directional Gyro combination). These results were consistent with but even more definitive than an earlier sample of instructor pilots. Similar benefits in procedural error reduction were also found when instrument index markers, or “bugs,” were used as short-term memory aids.

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Hench, James L., and Johanna H. Rosman. "Analysis of Bottom-Track and Compass Error in a Self-Contained Acoustic Doppler Diver Navigation Console." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 27, no. 7 (July 1, 2010): 1229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jtecho749.1.

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Abstract The Cobra-Tac (Teledyne RD Instruments) is a self-contained diver navigation system based on acoustic Doppler velocity log (DVL) technology that uses dead reckoning to compute displacements from a known starting point. The navigational accuracy of the system was evaluated using a series of field tests with known solutions. Initial test data had an obvious directional bias in the navigation measurements, with positional errors as large as 5% of the track length. An analysis of this error showed that the DVL speed measurements were extremely accurate and that most of the position error could be explained by heading-dependent compass error. Compass error versus heading curves were different depending on whether a given route was mapped in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction, and further testing indicated that this was due to a combination of local magnetic field anomalies at the test site and instrument tilt. A postprocessing correction procedure, based on a one-cycle compass error model, was derived that significantly improves Cobra-Tac position estimates. After correction, position errors were well within manufacturer specifications. Further tests using new firmware that permitted in situ underwater compass calibration gave position errors of less than 1% of the track length. This level of accuracy should be sufficient for a wide range of scientific applications. Collectively, the test results and analyses indicate that Cobra-Tac can give very accurate navigation results, but the accuracy depends strongly on compass calibration and diver skill with the system.

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Seymour, P. A. H. "Navigational Stimuli in the Development of Mathematical Science." Journal of Navigation 51, no. 1 (January 1998): 106–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463397007613.

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This paper looks at the stimulus given by the practice and theory of navigation to certain problems in mathematical astronomy. The need for more accurate techniques of finding latitude and longitude, brought about largely by the great voyages of discovery and exploration as well as an increase in sea trade, gave rise to navigational instrument makers who produced devices of increasing accuracy. These craftsmen also made better measuring devices for the new observatories. Improvements in measurements led not only to new discoveries, but also made greater demands of theories underlying the practice of navigation. This gave impetus to the search for solutions to related problems in mathematical astronomy. Methods and special functions developed in this context were eventually to find application in a much wider range of problems in theoretical physics and engineering.

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Hartjes, S., H. G. Visser, and S. J. Hebly. "Optimisation of RNAV noise and emission abatement standard instrument departures." Aeronautical Journal 114, no. 1162 (December 2010): 757–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000004243.

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Abstract In an effort to reduce the negative impact of civil aviation on the human environment, trajectory optimisation techniques have been used to minimise the single event impact of noise and gaseous emissions of departures on communities in the vicinity of airports. For this purpose, the earlier developed trajectory optimisation tool NOISHHH has been adapted to design departure trajectories optimised for environmental criteria, based on area navigation. The new version of NOISHHH combines a noise model, an emissions inventory model, a geographic information system and a dynamic trajectory optimisation algorithm to generate flight paths with minimised environmental impact. Operational constraints have been introduced to ensure that the resulting flight paths are fully compliant with the guidelines and regulations that apply to the design of standard instrument departures and the use of area navigation. To illustrate the capabilities of the new version of NOISHHH, two numerical examples are presented, which are both redesigns of standard instrument departures currently in use at Amsterdam Airport Schiphol.

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Wang, Long, Xing Cheng Li, Chuan Jun Li, and Shuang Biao Zhang. "Magnetometers Correction and Magnetometers-Aided MINS Systems Based on LabWindows/CVI and MATLAB." Applied Mechanics and Materials 568-570 (June 2014): 374–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.568-570.374.

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Magnetometers-aided MINS could solve roll angle measurement of air vehicle at fast spinning rate, but magnetometers were easily disturbed and had measuring error, so it was necessary to establish tri-axial magnetometer correction system for magnetometers-aided MINS navigation system. Based on LabWindows/CVI and MATLAB fuzzy programming, earth magnetic field and ellipsoid fitting model were built to complete magnetometers correction system and its virtual instrument. On that basic, magnetometers-aided MINS navigation system and its virtual instrument were established. Results of correction and non-correction magnetometers-aided MINS navigation test showed that the magnetometers correction system can compensate the error of interference, measuring and so on, furthermore geomagnetic attitude computing become more accurate and the higher precision of position and velocity for magnetometers-aided MINS system. All of them are significant for engineering and products.

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Tang, Ji Xiang, and Zhi Gang Zhu. "The Test System of PXI-Based Aeronautic Equipment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 519-520 (February 2014): 1133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.519-520.1133.

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By analyzing the interface characteristics and test requirements of certain aeronautic equipment, using PXI instrument as test platform, integrated using SPIB instrument, virtual instrument, simulation technologies, independent developed video output collection equipment, SRU testing equipment modules and other hardware device, developed integrated automatic test equipment which based on PXI and GPIB bus instrument technology, provide airborne work environment for weapons, instrument, electrical, communication, navigation, identification, reactance systems airborne LRU, automatic complete the control, incentive, performance and function test of LRU.

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Belteki, Daniel. "Trust in Glass: Negotiating the Purchase of the Object Glass for the Airy Transit Circle." Journal for the History of Astronomy 51, no. 4 (November 2020): 401–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021828620968631.

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The Airy Transit Circle of the Royal Observatory, Greenwich is one of the most important instruments in the history of astronomy, navigation and time distribution. However, there has been very little research done on the history of the instrument. This article examines how the purchase of the object glass for the Airy Transit Circle involved active negotiations between George Biddell Airy and three different opticians: Georg Merz, Noel Paymal Lerebours, and William Simms. The article also shows the involvement of John Herschel and Richard Sheepshanks in Airy’s decision making process. By highlighting the presence of these individuals, the article shows how Airy’s trust and distrust in different instrument makers influenced his choice of supplier for the object glass of the Airy Transit Circle.

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Gao, Wei, and Lei Zhang. "Simulating Gyro of Strapdown Inertial Navigation System Based on Star Sensor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 182-183 (June 2012): 1090–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.182-183.1090.

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In inertial navigation system, gyro is used to measure the angular velocity of carrier relative to inertial space for achieve attitude matrix updated in real time. Gyro difficult to eliminate the error, results in strapdown inertial navigation system precision decrease with time. Star sensor is a high-precision attitude measuring instrument and don’t require any priori information, the attitude date can be provided by star sensor. Thus, gyro is simulated by star sensor in order to improve the precision of strapdown inertial navigation system.

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Williams, J. E. D. "Air Navigation Systems Chapter I. Astronomical Navigation in the Air 1919–1969." Journal of Navigation 42, no. 1 (January 1989): 73–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300015101.

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As the marine sextant is only useful to low-flying aircraft because of its reliance on the sea horizon (see Section 1), many earlier pioneers descended almost to sea level to take their sights; but as Alcock and Brown were the first to discover, it is often necessary to climb above the cloud in order to see the sky. Some pioneers used the horizon of stratocumulus cloud below, among them K. M. Grieve who, with Hawker, would have been the first across the Atlantic if radiator trouble had not made them the first survivors of a mid-Atlantic aeroplane ditching. As Grieve was so happy with his cloud horizon, disbelief must be suspended. Indeed, what has been claimed to be ‘the first real aeronautical sextant’, designed in 1919 by the same ingenious Capt T. Y. Baker RN who invented the Baker Navigating Machine (see Section 4 5), used a reflecting prism as an index mirror and two horizon prisms giving a view of both the back and front horizons. Provided both cloud horizons were equally depressed below the true horizontal plane, the instrument gave the true altitude of the body observed.

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Teatini, Andrea, Rahul P. Kumar, Ole Jakob Elle, and Ola Wiig. "Mixed reality as a novel tool for diagnostic and surgical navigation in orthopaedics." International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery 16, no. 3 (February 8, 2021): 407–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11548-020-02302-z.

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Abstract Purpose This study presents a novel surgical navigation tool developed in mixed reality environment for orthopaedic surgery. Joint and skeletal deformities affect all age groups and greatly reduce the range of motion of the joints. These deformities are notoriously difficult to diagnose and to correct through surgery. Method We have developed a surgical tool which integrates surgical instrument tracking and augmented reality through a head mounted display. This allows the surgeon to visualise bones with the illusion of possessing “X-ray” vision. The studies presented below aim to assess the accuracy of the surgical navigation tool in tracking a location at the tip of the surgical instrument in holographic space. Results Results show that the average accuracy provided by the navigation tool is around 8 mm, and qualitative assessment by the orthopaedic surgeons provided positive feedback in terms of the capabilities for diagnostic use. Conclusions More improvements are necessary for the navigation tool to be accurate enough for surgical applications, however, this new tool has the potential to improve diagnostic accuracy and allow for safer and more precise surgeries, as well as provide for better learning conditions for orthopaedic surgeons in training.

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Wang, Zhi Dong, and Yu Guo. "Development of Health Monitor Instrument Based on LabVIEW." Advanced Materials Research 634-638 (January 2013): 4022–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.4022.

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Heart sound signal; LabVIEW2009; Navigation; Remote Monitoring. Abstract. Heart sound signal contains much information about physiology and pathology of heart, which has the irreplaceable advantages over ECG and ultrasonic electrocardiogram. Therefore, the effective diagnosis of PCG signal can improve the level of diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. This paper mainly introduces an intelligent system about PCG signal monitor and real-time analysis. By utilized the LabVIEW2009 virtual instrument developing platform, a virtual health monitor for common family is set up. It includes some useful functions, such as preliminary PCG monitoring, automatic diagnosis and remote monitoring, which endow it with a potential value.

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Ye, Heng, Yu Guo, and Zhi Dong Wang. "Development of Health Monitoring Instrument Based on LabVIEW." Advanced Materials Research 634-638 (January 2013): 4030–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.4030.

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Due to the high risk of heart disease，expensive monitoring costs, the unequal distribution of medical resources, the development of home-based health monitoring systems is worth addressing, the construction of a low-cost home-based electrocardiography (ECG) monitor is introduced. It can make related judgments on the health status of the check-up people according to the ECG signal. By utilized the LabVIEW2009 virtual instrument developing platform, a virtual health monitor for common family is set up. It includes some useful functions, such as preliminary ECG monitoring, automatic diagnosis, navigation and remote monitoring, which endow it with a potential value.

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Zhang, Yong Quan, Gui Ying Lu, and Xiao Ming Wu. "A Simplified Model of Inertial Navigation System for Underground Pipeline Track Instrument." Advanced Materials Research 542-543 (June 2012): 895–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.542-543.895.

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Based on the analysis of the basic principle of traditional inertial navigation technology, this paper puts forward a kind of simplified model of the track measurement which applies to underground pipeline. The model using structures of half-strap-down stable platform that composes of a single axis gyro, two accelerometers and pulse taximeter, by measuring angular velocity of pipeline azimuth, pitching angle, platform rolling angle and pipeline length, combined with self-actuated research space track, work out the mathematics model, eventually work out the space track of the underground pipeline. The experiment proves that the underground pipeline track measurement instrument which is designed based on the simplified model, can meet the accuracy requirement of the no-dig project on track measurement, and the equipment’s operation is stable and reliable.

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mun inkwi. "Automotive Instrument Panel Speed and Speed Tester, Speed Error Analysis of Navigation." Journal of the Korean Society of Mechanical Technology 20, no. 4 (August 2018): 395–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.17958/ksmt.20.4.201808.395.

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Woerdeman, P. A., P. W. A. Willems, H. J. Noordmans, and J. W. Berkelbach van der Sprenkel. "The analysis of intraoperative neurosurgical instrument movement using a navigation log-file." International Journal of Medical Robotics and Computer Assisted Surgery 2, no. 2 (2006): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcs.91.

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Kauff, Daniel W., Oliver Kempski, Karin H. Somerlik, Klaus P. Koch, Thorsten Göttsche, Ernst Feurer, Werner Kneist, Klaus P. Hoffmann, and Hauke Lang. "Continuous intraoperative monitoring of pelvic autonomic nerves as a microtechnological navigation instrument." Journal of the American College of Surgeons 211, no. 3 (September 2010): S24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2010.06.057.

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Juergens, P., A. Elmahgoub, E. Schkommodau, and S. Hemm-Ode. "Ergonimic analysis of a novel instrument mounted navigation system for dental implantology." International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 44 (October 2015): e86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2015.08.620.

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Vidan, Pero, Tatjana Stanivuk, and Toni Bielić. "Effectiveness and Ergonomic of Integrated Navigation System." Transactions on Maritime Science 1, no. 1 (April 18, 2012): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7225/toms.v01.n01.003.

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Ergonomics increases the efficiency of people and device interaction. Nowadays, modern navigation bridges are designed in accordance with the requirements of navigators, designers and shipowners, production costs etc. The bridge design, various layouts, instrument arrangements and their capacities etc. have not been fully regulated by the SOLAS convention. The Convention regulates manufacturers’ requirements which refer to accuracy, device sensitivity etc. However, factors that are important for ergonomics, and time required for familiarization and exploitation of the device are left to shipbuilders and charterers to decide. In this paper, authors are analyzing the ergonomics of the integrated navigation bridge - INS.

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Jafari, Mahdi, and Jafar Roshanian. "Optimal Redundant Sensor Configuration for Accuracy and Reliability Increasing in Space Inertial Navigation Systems." Journal of Navigation 66, no. 2 (October 3, 2012): 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463312000434.

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A redundant Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) is an inertial sensing device composed of more than three accelerometers and three gyroscopes. This paper analyses the performance of redundant IMUs and their various sensor configurations. The inertial instruments can achieve high reliability for long periods of time only by redundancy. By suitable geometric configurations it is possible to extract the maximum amount of reliability and accuracy from a given number of redundant single-degree-of-freedom gyros or accelerometers. This paper gives a general derivation of the optimum matrix which can be applied to the outputs of any combination of three or more sensors to obtain three orthogonal vector components based on their geometric configuration and error characteristics. Certain combinations of four or more instruments are able to detect an instrument malfunction, and combinations of five have the additional capability of isolating that malfunction to a particular sensor. Finally, this paper offers a major improvement in reliability, although the improvement in accuracy is minor.

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Wu, Gang, Xinqiu Fang, Lei Zhang, Minfu Liang, Jiakun Lv, and Zhiqiao Quan. "Positioning Accuracy of the Shearer Based on a Strapdown Inertial Navigation System in Underground Coal Mining." Applied Sciences 10, no. 6 (March 23, 2020): 2176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10062176.

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Automation and intelligent coal mining comprise the most important fields in coal mining technology research. The key to automation and intelligent coal mining is the automated mining of the working face, and accurate positioning of the shearer is one of the most important technologies in the automated mining process. However, significant defects in non-inertial navigation system (INS)-based methods have led to low positioning accuracy. In this paper, we propose a new shearer positioning technology to further improve the positioning accuracy of the shearer and monitor the shearer position in real time. The shearer positioning system proposed is based on the strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS). We conducted shearer positioning experiments with gyroscopes, accelerometers, and other inertial navigation instruments. The experimental results are thoroughly studied on the basis of error compensation techniques such as inertial instrument zero bias compensation and Kalman filter compensation. Compared with traditional shearer positioning technology, the experimental results show that the shearer positioning system based on SINS can achieve more accurate positioning of the shearer and can accurately reflect the running characteristics of the shearer working the mining face.

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Rao, G. Sasi Bhushana, A. D. Sarma, V. Venkata Rao, and K. Ramalingam. "A Non-Precision Instrument Approach Procedure with Vertical Guidance (IPV) for Aircraft Landing Using GPS." Journal of Navigation 54, no. 2 (May 2001): 281–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463301001333.

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In the near future, Spaced-Based Augmentation Systems (such as the Wide Area Augmentation System in North America) will become operational, permitting the use of GPS as a primary system for all phases of flight. Recently the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) has recommended the use of un-augmented GPS as a supplemental navigation system for all phases of flight including non-precision approaches. In this paper, the salient features of the Air Traffic Control (ATC) system in India, and the use of conventional navigational aids are described. A new landing procedure is proposed using un-augmented GPS known as ‘a non-precision instrument approach procedure with vertical guidance (IPV)’ for Hyderabad Airport, Runway 27. This procedure, if implemented, would be cost-effective and reliable for many airports in India. An algorithm has also been developed for determining the range and bearing between the departure and the arrival waypoints of an aircraft using the IPV.

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Zou, Tao, Xian Lin Zeng, and Wei Dong Zhang. "Airborne Doppler Navigation Radar Intelligent Test System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 385-386 (August 2013): 1331–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.385-386.1331.

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Based on the virtual instrument technology of the airborne Doppler navigation radar intelligent detection system is introduced, whose Direct Digital Synthesize is designed using Direct Digital Synthesize, producing high resolution Doppler frequency signal through the digital control. The software is written with Visual Basic 6.0, which offer users an intelligent and automatic test environment and test interface. People can easily complete the radar fault detection complete the radar fault detection. The intelligent integrated test system has advanced technology, superior performance, simplicity of operator, strong real-time and convenience of expanding, which has a very important significance to ensure flight safety and improve the fighting capacity.

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Bezvesilna, E., Y. Kyrychuk, L. Chepyuk, and A. Ostapchuk. "Automated Angle Measurement Instrument Calibration Method for Preliminary Ground Setup of Navigation Elements." Advanced Science Journal 2014, no. 8 (June 15, 2014): 225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15550/asj.2014.08.225.

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Parusnikov, N. A., V. V. Tikhomirov, and S. A. Trubnikov. "Determination of instrument errors for an inertial navigation system on a stationary base." Journal of Mathematical Sciences 146, no. 3 (October 2007): 5906–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10958-007-0404-y.

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IANNACCONE, ISAIA. "IL FENG SHUIE LA BUSSOLA GEOMANTICA DELL'ISTITUTO E MUSEO DI STORIA DELLA SCIENZA DI FIRENZE." Nuncius 5, no. 2 (1990): 205–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/182539190x00066.

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Abstracttitle SUMMARY /title The Istituto e Museo di Storia della Scienza of Florence preserves some ancient Chinese scientific instruments, very interesting for historians. These instruments are: one compass for navigation, one geomantic compass, one compass with agricultural calendar, two sound spheres, two balances. Only the first of them has been studied, the others are not known yet. The present paper begins a close cooperation between the Institute of Florence and the Istituto Universitario Orientale of Naples (Group of Research on History of Sciences and Technologies of Eastern Asia, direct by A. Tamburello); here, I will attend to the second instrument over mentioned, the geomantic compass. The geomantic compasses are very important for the history of sciences because they bear witness to enormous complexity of the Chinese thought and, in the technical and scientific field, they represent the instrument for the ancient studies on feng shui. After a panoramic description of the divining system of feng shui, I give a deep explication of the geomantic compass preserved in Florence that seems particularly important because it presents some characters rarely used in this kind of instruments.

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Schipper, Jörg, Antje Aschendorff, Iakovos Arapakis, Thomas Klenzner, Christian Barna Teszler, Gerd Jürgen Ridder, and Roland Laszig. "Navigation as a quality management tool in cochlear implant surgery." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 118, no. 10 (October 2004): 764–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0022215042450643.

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This cadaver study assessed the value of navigation in cochlear implant surgery. Cochlear implantation was simulated on a cadaver using a Stryker-Leibinger navigation system and a Nucleus 24 Contour implant. A conventional surgical strategy consisting of mastoidectomy, posterior tympanotomy, and cochleostomy was performed. The navigated surgical procedure was evaluated for accuracy, reliability, reproducibility, and practicability. The technology of computer-assisted surgery is applicable in cochlear implantation and beneficial in as much as the navigation-controlled implantation constitutes a non-invasive instrument of quality management. Nevertheless, in order to keep the point accuracy below one millimeter, a referencing methodusing concealed bordering anatomical structures may be further needed to perform the cochleostomy reliably under the guidance of a navigation system. More reproducible reference systems are needed if navigated lateral skull base surgery is to be fully relied upon.

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Holcombe, Randall F., Marisa Cortese, Isabelle Zinghini, Rupali Mahida, Dinah Draluk, Meng Ru, and Gary Winkel. "Development of an oncology-specific instrument to measure care coordination." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 8_suppl (March 10, 2017): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.8_suppl.148.

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148 Background: Care coordination (CC) has been identified by the IOM as critically important for the delivery of quality medical care. Coordination of care is especially important in oncology due to multiple encounters, many physicians, significant toxicities and several care transition points. Standard patient satisfaction surveys do not accurately measure CC and there are few instruments to measure a patient’s perspective of CC directly. In this project, multiple PDSA cycles were utilized with oncology patients to develop a Care Coordination Instrument (CCI) that was then used to compare the level of CC in two distinct practices. Methods: Survey questions were initially prepared by the research team after review of existing literature, submitted to oncology RNs, NPs and MDs and then modified based on their feedback. A new survey was then administered to 30 patients. This was again modified to eliminate or improve questions that were confusing to patients. A third survey instrument was developed and administered to an additional 30 patients. Statistical analysis identified that several questions were too structured leading to many “not applicable” responses. These were changed to a more conceptual framework. The survey was then administered to 30 patients in the myeloma practice and 30 in the GI oncology practice. Results: The CCI included questions from 4 areas of coordination (patient-physician; between health providers; during inpatient-to-ambulatory care transitions; during transitions across different phases of care) and 3 domains (Communication, Operational, Navigation). The GI oncology practice scored significantly better than the myeloma practice on the communication and navigation domains (p < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the operational domain. Conclusions: Testing to date suggests that the CCI is a useful instrument in measuring an oncology patient’s perception of CC. For two distinct practices, significant differences in the delivery of CC were identified. Further refinement is necessary to modify or eliminate questions with high levels of missing data due to non-responsiveness. Separate sub-scores across domains help identify specific targets for quality improvement interventions.

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Onrubia, Raul, Daniel Pascual, Jorge Querol, Hyuk Park, and Adriano Camps. "The Global Navigation Satellite Systems Reflectometry (GNSS-R) Microwave Interferometric Reflectometer: Hardware, Calibration, and Validation Experiments." Sensors 19, no. 5 (February 27, 2019): 1019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19051019.

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This manuscript describes the Microwave Interferometric Reflectometer (MIR) instrument, a multi-beam dual-band GNSS-Reflectometer with beam-steering capabilities built to assess the performance of a PAssive Reflectrometry and Interferometry System—In Orbit Demonstrator (PARIS-IoD) like instrument and to compare the performance of different GNSS-R techniques and signals. The instrument is capable of tracking up to 4 different GNSS satellites, two at L1/E1 band, and two at L5/E5 band. The calibration procedure of the up- and down-looking arrays is presented, the calibration performance is evaluated, and the results of the validation experiments carried out before the field experiments are shown in this paper.

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Felski, Andrzej, Krzysztof Naus, and Mariusz Wąż. "The Problem of the Instrument Stabilization During Hydrographic Measurements." Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics 100, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rgg-2016-0006.

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Abstract Performing any measurement on watercraft is connected with many additional difficulties caused by the sea-environment. The most important is the problem of spatial stabilization of measurement systems, which are usually fastened to craft body. As soon as usually these measurement are executed during the move of the craft additional question is the accuracy of execution the planed trajectory. This is a problem for all investigators, especially when system use spatially configured beams of any antennas or other sensors, regardless is it receiving or transmitting one. Different aspects of these question are the subject of research activity of Institute of Navigation and Maritime Hydrography of Polish Naval Academy. In this paper the review of works executed in last years are presented.

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Nechaeva, M., D. Adamchik, Vl Bezrukovs, N. Dugin, I. Shmeld, and Y. Tikhomirov. "Measurements of Interferometer Parameters at Reception of GLONASS and GPS Signals." Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences 53, no. 5 (October 1, 2016): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lpts-2016-0033.

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Abstract The present paper deals with the calibration method of interferometers with antennas having a small effective area, on the quasinoise signals of GLONASS and GPS navigation satellites. Algorithms for calculation of antenna coordinates and instrumental delay from the analysis of correlation interferometer response to signals of satellites in the near field of the instrument were reviewed. The method was tested in VLBI experiments on interferometers with medium and large baselines that included radio telescopes of NIRFI and VIRAC. The values of the antenna coordinates and instrumental delay with an error within the limits of one discrete were obtained. The sources of measurement errors and ways to improve the accuracy of results were analysed.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Instrument navigation'

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