Relevant bibliographies by topics / Instrument Science

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Instrument Science'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Instrument Science"

1

Askenfelt, Anders. "Instrument science." Physics World 5, no. 12 (December 1992): 45–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/5/12/33.

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2

Muniroh, Natiqotul, Ani Rusilowati, and Wiwi Isnaeni. "Instrument Development of Science Literacy Assessment with Socio-Sciences Contains in Natural Science Learning for Elementary School." Journal of Educational Research and Evaluation 11, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jere.v11i1.55421.

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The preparation of test instruments based on scientific literacy was one of the efforts to measure students' literacy skills, especially in the field of science or science. The aim of this study was to produce a scientific literacy assessment instrument containing socio-sciences in primary school science learning with the theme of heat and its displacement. The research method used in this study was the research and development method or often referred to as 4D (Define, Design, Development, Dissemination) by simplifying the stages of development into 3D (Define, Design, Development). The results showed that the average value of the instrument content validity was 85.03% which was declared very valid and the empirical validity value was 80.00%. The results of the practicality test of the scientific literacy assessment instrument containing socio-sciences by the teacher obtained a score of 89.52% and by students 88.43%. The reliability of the scientific literacy assessment instrument containing socio-sciences shows a high category with a reliability value of 0.83, there are 80% of questions with moderate difficulty criteria, and 66% of questions with good discriminating power. Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that the scientific literacy assessment instrument containing socio-sciences of heat material and its transfer can be declared valid, practical, and reliable.
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3

Falantin, Liis Kurnia, and Ahmad Qosyim. "Completeness of Science Literature Elements in Class VII Science Literacy Assessment Instruments." Indonesian Journal of Science Learning (IJSL) 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/ijsl.v2i2.1626.

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This study was conducted with the aim of identifying the presentation of scientific literacy aspects in the scientific literacy assessment instrument for the seventh grade science material. This study uses qualitative descriptive analysis. The object of research in this study is the scientific literacy assessment instrument from the researcher Muftianah and Wahono (2018), and the researcher Arfianti (2015). The data collection technique used is literature study. The data analysis technique in this research uses content analysis. The results of the study indicate that aspects of scientific literacy have been presented well, although there is one aspect that has not been included in the scientific literacy instrument, namely the scientific process aspect. In the scientific literacy instrument for the two researchers, the aspect of scientific literacy that often appears is the aspect of science content. Thus, in measuring scientific literacy skills, all aspects of scientific literacy must be contained in scientific literacy instruments. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the aspect of scientific literacy, the two instruments that have been analyzed there is one aspect that has not been included in the scientific literacy instrument, namely the scientific process aspect. In the scientific literacy instrument of the two researchers, the aspect of scientific literacy that often appears is the aspect of science content. Thus, in measuring the ability of scientific literacy, all aspects of scientific literacy must be contained in scientific literacy instruments.
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4

Gopalswamy, Nat, Joseph Davila, Barbara Thompson, and Hans Haubold. "The United Nations Basic Space Science Initiative for IHY 2007." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 2, SPS5 (August 2006): 295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921307007181.

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AbstractThe United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs and the International Heliophysical Year (IHY) community have joined hands to deploy arrays of small, inexpensive instruments such as magnetometers, radio telescopes, GPS receivers, all-sky cameras, and particle detectors around the world to provide global measurements of ionospheric, magnetospheric and heliospheric phenomena. The small instrument programme is envisioned as a partnership between instrument providers, and instrument hosts in developing countries as one of United Nations Basic Space Science (UNBSS) activity. The lead scientist will provide the instruments (or fabrication plans for instruments) in the array; the host country will provide manpower, facilities, and operational support to obtain data with the instrument, located typically at a local university. This paper provides an overview of the IHY/UNBSS programme, its achievements and future plans.
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5

Sari, Anggi Ristiyana Puspita, and Suyanta Suyanta. "Karakteristik instrumen integrated assessment untuk mengukur critical thinking skills dan science process skills." Measurement In Educational Research (Meter) 1, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33292/meter.v1i1.108.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan karakteristik instrumen integrated assessment. Penelitian ini menggunakan model pengembangan instrumen tes dari McIntire. Produk awal ditinjau oleh peer reviewers dan divalidasi oleh experts. Tahap uji coba instrumen melibatkan 392 peserta didik kelas XI IPA di tiga SMA di Kota Yogyakarta. Hasil uji coba instrumen berupa data politomus yang dianalisis dengan pendekatan PCM 1-PL menggunakan program Winsteps. Instrumen pengumpulan data meliputi lembar validasi butir soal, lembar angket respon pengguna instrumen, dan instrumen tes berbentuk uraian. Karakteristik instrumen tes terdiri atas validitas isi, validitas konstruk, tingkat kesukaran butir, fungsi informasi tes, kesalahan pengukuran, dan reliabilitas. Hasil ujicoba menunjukkan bahwa instrumen integrated assessment dinyatakan valid secara logis dan konstruk, tingkat kesukaran butir berada pada kategori sedang dan fungsi informasi tes sebesar 6,819 pada kemampuan -0,8 logit dengan kesalahan pengukuran sebesar 0,383 sehingga instrumen integrated assessment dinyatakan reliabel untuk mengukur critical thinking skills dan science process skills peserta didik. The characteristic of an integrated assessment instrument to measure critical thinking skills and science process skills AbstractThe purpose of this study is to describe the characteristics of the integrated assessment instrument. This study used the McIntire development model. The initial product was observed by peer reviewers and validated by experts. The pilot testing involved 392 grade XI students from three senior high schools in Yogyakarta City. The results of the pilot testing were polytomous data which were analyzed by means of the PCM 1-PL approach using Winsteps. The data-collecting instrument included a question item validation sheet, questionnaire of instrument user responses, and essay test. The characteristics of the test instrument consist of logic and construct validity, item difficulty, item information function, standard error measurement, and reliability. the integrated assessment instrument is valid in content and construct, item difficulty of integrated assessment instrument has a medium category, and test information function is obtained at 6.819 on the ability -0.8 logit with standard error of estimation at 0.383, and thus the instrument is reliable to measure students’ critical thinking skills and science process skills.
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6

Arthadewi, Rara Indah, I. Gede Wira Bayu, and Ni Wayan Rati. "HOTS-Based Science Learning Outcomes Assessment Instrument for Measuring Elementary School Learning Outcomes." Mimbar Ilmu 29, no. 1 (May 24, 2024): 156–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/mi.v29i1.36521.

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Teachers should develop effective assessment instruments to measure student learning outcomes well. Assessment instruments must also improve students' thinking abilities (HOTS). However, teachers need help compiling assessment instruments based on Revised Bloom's KKO Taxonomy, and the assessment instruments prepared are still LOTS-oriented. So far, research has yet to discuss the preparation of HOTS-based science learning outcomes assessment instruments. Therefore, this research aims to develop a HOTS-oriented assessment instrument for science content. This research is development research with a 4-D model. The subjects of this research were 69 students and involved two expert lecturers/science experts. Data collection in this study used the multiple-choice test method. The data analysis techniques in this research are validity, reliability, distinguishability, level of difficulty, and quality of distractors. The results of the research show that the assessment instrument developed is declared valid, has high reliability (reliable), and the level of difficulty is in the very good category; in terms of different power, it is stated that the instrument has good different power, and the quality of the distractor functions well. The test results show that the HOTS-oriented science learning outcomes assessment instrument is suitable for measuring student learning outcomes. This research implies that continuously using the HOTS standard assessment instrument will improve students' thinking.
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7

KIM, Joo Hyeon. "Science Missions of the Korean Lunar Exploration Program." Physics and High Technology 30, no. 7/8 (August 31, 2021): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3938/phit.30.021.

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The Korea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter (KPLO), which is the Korean first lunar and space exploration spacecraft, will be launched in August 2022 and arrive in a lunar orbit in December 2022. The KPLO will carry out nominal missions while in a lunar polar orbit an ~100-km altitude for one year. The KPLO has five lunar science mission payloads and one technology demonstration payload in order to achieve their own science and technology goals. The science payloads consist of four Korean domestic instruments and one internationally collaborated science instrument for scientific investigations on the lunar surface and in a space environment. The Korean dometstic science instruments are the gamma-ray spectrometer named KGRS, the wide-angle polarimetric camera named PolCam, the fluxgate magnetometer named KMAG, and the high resolution camera named LUTI. The name of the internationally collaborated science instrument is ShandowCam, which was developed by Arizona State University, U.S., and funded and managed by NASA. The science data acquired by the science payloads will be released to the public in order to enhance scientific and educational achievements. The science data acquired by each science instrument will be archived and released through the web sites of the KPDS (KARI Planetary Data System) for the Korean science instruments and the NASA PDS (Planetary Data System) for the internationally collaborated science instrument.
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8

Awaliyah, N. A., Y. Widiyawati, and I. Nurwahidah. "Development of HOTS Science Test: Ethno-Science Technology Engineering and mathematics (STEM) based on Javanese Gamelan." Journal of Science Education Research 6, no. 2 (September 16, 2022): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/jser.v6i2.51878.

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Ethno-STEM is appropriate to accommodate High Order Thinking Skills (HOTS). The study aimed to develop an ethno-STEM-based HOTS science test instrument for Javanese gamelan musical instruments for junior high school students. The development research referred to the Thiagarajan 4-D (Four-D) development model with define, design, develop, and disseminate. The sample in this study was 24 students of VIII grades. The learning expert validation sheets, practitioner validation sheets, student questionnaires, and student ability test results were used in this particular research. The data analysis of the science test instrument feasibility showed that: (1) both experts’ and practitioners’ judgment with overall score classified into a very good category and students’ response classified into good categories; and (2) the reliability test showed a correlation coefficient of 0.8 so that it was declared as reliable. In short, the instrument based on Javanese gamelan Ethno-STEM instruments on Vibration and Sound Waves was appropriate to improve and optimize students' HOTS.
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Ramadani, Marina, Supahar Supahar, and Dadan Rosana. "Validity of evaluation instrument on the implementation of performance assessment to measure science process skills." Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA 3, no. 2 (October 8, 2017): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/jipi.v3i2.15534.

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This study aims to develop an evaluation instrument CIPP (context, input, process, product) model that suitable at implementation of performance assessment instrument to measure students' science process skills of junior high school. Methods in this study are research and development (R & D) which is adopted by model Borg & Gall model. This evaluation instrument used one of evaluation CIPP model with context, input, process, and product components. The evaluation instrument is used to determine the implementation of performance assessment instrument to measure junior high school students' science process skills in excretion system topic. This development study involves some experts to give validation of the development of feasibility products. Experts involved, they are two lecturers of evaluation expert, two junior high school science teachers, and four peers. The validity of evaluation instruments was analyzed using V'aiken formula. The results of this study are evaluation instrument of CIPP model of the implementation of performance assessment to measure junior high school students' science process skills of grade VIII in excretion system topic. The results of the validity of this product indicates that this evaluation instruments are eligible in using with V'eiken coefficient of 0.86. It indicates that the evaluation instruments are valid in substance, construction, and language aspects.
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10

Saragih, Inovayani, Santri Angelia Damanik, Ayi Darmana, and Retno Dwi Suyanti. "PENGEMBANGAN INSTRUMEN TES BERBASIS HOTS MENGGUNAKAN RASCH MODEL." UNESA Journal of Chemical Education 12, no. 3 (September 18, 2023): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/ujced.v12n3.p217-224.

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Abstrak Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan (research and development) yang bertujuan untuk memperoleh instrumen tes formatif pada materi asam basa. Pengembangan instrumen mengadaptasi 10 langkah pengembangan instrumen dengan menggunakan model Rasch yang dikombinasikan dengan 6 langkah pengembangan instrumen soal berbasis HOTS. Hasil penelitian diperoleh sebanyak 10 butir soal pilihan berganda yang valid dan reliabel digunakan sebagai instrumen tes formatif pada materi asam basa. Abstract This research is research and development which aims to obtain formative test instruments on acid and base materials. Instrument development adapts the 10 steps of instrument development using the Rasch model combined with the 6 steps of HOTS-based question instrument development. The results of the study obtained 10 valid and reliable multiple choice questions used as formative test instruments on acid and base material.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Instrument Science"

1

Kubalak, Dave, Joe Sullivan, Ray Ohl, Scott Antonille, Alexander Beaton, Phillip Coulter, George Hartig, et al. "JWST science instrument pupil alignment measurements." SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622534.

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NASA's James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a 6.5m diameter, segmented, deployable telescope for cryogenic IR space astronomy (similar to 40K). The JWST Observatory architecture includes the Optical Telescope Element (OTE) and the Integrated Science Instrument Module (ISIM) element that contains four science instruments (SI), including a guider. OSIM is a full field, cryogenic, optical simulator of the JWST OTE. It is the "Master Tool" for verifying the cryogenic alignment and optical performance of ISIM by providing simulated point source/star images to each of the four Science Instruments in ISIM. Included in OSIM is a Pupil Imaging Module (PIM) - a large format CCD used for measuring pupil alignment. Located at a virtual stop location within OSIM, the PIM records superimposed shadow images of pupil alignment reference (PAR) targets located in the OSIM and SI pupils. The OSIM Pupil Imaging Module was described by Brent Bos, et al, at SPIE in 2011 prior to ISIM testing. We have recently completed the third and final ISIM cryogenic performance verification test before ISIM was integrated with the OTE. In this paper, we describe PIM implementation, performance, and measurement results.
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2

Thomas, Geoffrey. "A virtual musical instrument exhibit for a science centre." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Computer Science, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3992.

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Virtual reality is a technology rapidly gaining interest from research and commercial groups around the world, but it's introduction into New Zealand has been slow. The majority of the general public have no concept of virtual reality, and only a few research institutes have begun virtual reality programmes of any sort. Partially this is due to the high cost of 'off the shelf' virtual reality systems, which is usually beyond the range of many organisations. Also the complexity of the software and the knowledge required to create and manipulate this software makes it a daunting prospect for many. This work describes the development of an economical system for the demonstration of virtual reality and some of its concepts and applications to the general public, in the form of an educational science centre exhibit. The system creates virtual musical instruments, overlayed onto the real world, and the user experiences these instruments as if they were in physical existence.
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3

Novodvorsky, Ingrid. "Development of an instrument to assess attitudes toward science." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186455.

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This dissertation describes the development of an instrument to assess students' attitudes toward science. The rationale for developing a new instrument is presented in the context of a review of existing instruments. As discussed in the literature review, many existing instruments are based on ill-defined theoretical constructs, and include statements that do not appear to be assessing the single construct of attitude toward science. In addition, existing instruments do not distinguish between biological and physical science. Thus, the purpose of this study was to carefully define the construct, attitude toward science, and develop an attitude instrument to reflect that construct and to distinguish between biological and physical science. For this study, biological science was defined as any of the branches of science dealing with living things, such as genetics, entomology, or anatomy. Physical science was defined as any of the branches of science dealing with non-living things, such as physics, geology, chemistry, or earth science. Once the Likert-scale instrument was developed, it was piloted on a sample population of students in science classes at a suburban, southwestern high school. Their responses were used to do item analyses and to calculate validity and reliability. Principal-component analysis was also performed to try to identify sub-scales. The results of the data analysis were used to select items for a final scale. The final instrument consists of two parallel forms of 20 items each. For each form, 12 items refer to science in general, four to biological science, and four to physical science. The test-retest reliability coefficients of the final instruments are 0.768 for Form A and 0.788 for Form B. The parallel-forms reliability coefficient of the instrument is 0.93. The construct validity coefficients of the final instruments, compared to Germann's Attitude Toward Science in School Assessment, is 0.82 for Form A and 0.85 for Form B. Inter-item consistency, measured by Cronbach's alpha coefficient, is 0.91 for Form A and 0.89 for Form B.
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4

Muratore, Martina. "Time delay interferometry for LISA science and instrument characterization." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/312487.

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LISA, the Laser Interferometry Space Antenna, is the 3rd large mission (L3) of the ESA program Cosmic Vision with a junior partnership from NASA planned to be launched around 2034. Space-based gravitational wave observatories such as LISA have been developed for observation of sources that produce gravitational wave (GW) signals with frequencies in the mHz regime. The frequency band is achievable by having a longer-baseline interferometer compared to ground-based detectors. In addition, the significant size of the LISA arms-length guarantees the detection of many astrophysical sources. The absence of Newtonian noise in space, which is the dominant source of noise below few hertz for ground-based detectors, allows LISA to be sensitive to lower frequency compared to the former. Thus, going to space allows studying different sources with respect to the ones of interest for ground-based detectors such as supermassive black holes. Although having very long baselines between the satellites generally increases the sensitivity to gravitational waves, it also implies many technical challenges, such that a balance must be found between scientific performance and technical feasibility.In the actual proposal LISA is designed to be a constellation of three identical spacecraft in a triangular formation with six active laser links connecting the three spacecraft, which are separated by 2.5 million km. To fulfil the observatory program every spacecraft has a minimum requirement of two free-falling test masses, two telescopes, and two lasers. The detector’s center-of-mass follows a circular, heliocentric trajectory, trailing 20 degrees behind the Earth and the plane of the detector is tilted by 60 degrees with respect to the ecliptic.The goal of LISA is to detect GWs which manifest themselves as a tiny fluctuation in the frequency of the laser beam measured at the phase-meter. Thus, to detect GW you need to compete with many sources of disturbance that simulate the effect of a GW frequency modulation. Laser noise is an example of those. Therefore, one key element in the LISA data production chain is the post-processing technique called Time Delay Interferometry aimed at suppressing the intense laser frequency noise that would completely cover the astrophysical signal. Data from the six independent inter-satellite links, connecting the three spacecraft, are properly time-shifted and combined to form the final scientific signal. This post-processing technique circumvents the impossibility of physically building in space an equal arm interferometer, which would intrinsically beat the frequency noise by comparing light generated at the same time.The following work is focused on revisiting the Time-Delay-Interferometry (TDI) for LISA and studying the usage of all the possible TDI combinations we can build for the LISA instrument characterisation and science extraction. Many possible TDI combinations that suppress the frequency noise have been identified in the past and this thesis revisits the TDI technique focusing on the physical interpretation of it, that is a virtual interference of photons that have been travelling through the constellation via different paths but performing the same total distance. We illustrate all possible TDI configurations that suppress the laser noise contribution to the level required by the mission to understand how TDI channels can be best used for the diagnostic of the instrument and LISA science. With this philosophy, we develop an algorithm to search for all possible combinations that suppress laser noise at the same level as the classical TDI X, Y, and Z combinations presented in the TDI literature. This algorithm finds new combinations that fulfill the noise suppression requirement as accurately as X, Y, and Z.The LISA mission has been also advertised to probe the early Universe by detecting a stochastic GW background. Once the laser frequency noise has been subtracted, the stochastic signal, both cosmological and astrophysical, is itself going to contribute to the noise curve. Therefore it is necessary to have a good estimate of the noise of the instrument to discriminate between the stochastic background signal and the LISA noise.The strategy that has been suggested in the literature is to use the TDI T, insensitive (up to a certain order) to GW signals to estimate the pure instrumental noise in order to distinguish between the LISA background noise and the GW stochastic signal. Following this idea, as instrument noise is expected to have multiple, independent sources, this thesis explores combinations that could allow discriminating among those sources of noise, and between them and the GW signal, with the purpose of understanding how we can characterise our instrument using TDI. We illustrate special TDI combination signals in LISA, in addition to TDI T, that we call null-channels, which are ideally insensitive to gravitational waves and only carry information about instrumental noise. Studying the noise properties that can be extracted by monitoring these interferometric signals, we state that individual acceleration noise parameters are not well constrained. All null-channels behave as an ideal Sagnac interferometer, sensitive just to a particular linear combination of the six test masses acceleration that resembles a rotational acceleration signal of the entire constellation. Moreover, all null-channels show approximately the same signal to noise ratio remarkably suppressed relative to that of the TDI X. In support and application of our theoretical studies, we also give an introduction on calibrating the LISA instrument by injecting spurious signals in a LISA link and see how these propagates through a TDI channel. Indeed, this will be useful to calibrate the instrument during operations and also to build the basis for the data analysis to discriminate spurious signals from gravitational waves. My contribution to the results we present in this thesis can be summarised as the following. I supported the studies and the realisation of the search TDI algorithm whose results are published in the article. In particular, I took care of cataloging the new TDI combinations and consolidating the results we found. I have updated the TDI combinations reported in the above-mentioned work, the final version of it is reported in this thesis. I worked on the characterisation of these combinations concerning secondary noises such as clock noise, readout noise, residual laser frequency noise, and acceleration noise. In particular, I studied how these noises are transferred through the various TDI and I derive the correspondent analytical models. I then realize a software with Wolfram Mathematica, design to load and combines phase data produced by an external simulator to build the final TDI outputs, besides I also did the noise models’ validation. The basis of this program was then used to implement these TDI combinations in LISANode. Finally, I developed the algorithm to study how disturbances in force, such as glitches, and simple GW signals, such as monochromatic GW binaries, propagate through TDI and null-channels. Moreover, I tested through simulations the validity of these TDI and null-channels to distinguish instrumental artefact from GW signals and to characterise the instrumental noise.
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5

Muratore, Martina. "Time delay interferometry for LISA science and instrument characterization." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/312487.

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Abstract:
LISA, the Laser Interferometry Space Antenna, is the 3rd large mission (L3) of the ESA program Cosmic Vision with a junior partnership from NASA planned to be launched around 2034. Space-based gravitational wave observatories such as LISA have been developed for observation of sources that produce gravitational wave (GW) signals with frequencies in the mHz regime. The frequency band is achievable by having a longer-baseline interferometer compared to ground-based detectors. In addition, the significant size of the LISA arms-length guarantees the detection of many astrophysical sources. The absence of Newtonian noise in space, which is the dominant source of noise below few hertz for ground-based detectors, allows LISA to be sensitive to lower frequency compared to the former. Thus, going to space allows studying different sources with respect to the ones of interest for ground-based detectors such as supermassive black holes. Although having very long baselines between the satellites generally increases the sensitivity to gravitational waves, it also implies many technical challenges, such that a balance must be found between scientific performance and technical feasibility. In the actual proposal LISA is designed to be a constellation of three identical spacecraft in a triangular formation with six active laser links connecting the three spacecraft, which are separated by 2.5 million km. To fulfil the observatory program every spacecraft has a minimum requirement of two free-falling test masses, two telescopes, and two lasers. The detector’s center-of-mass follows a circular, heliocentric trajectory, trailing 20 degrees behind the Earth and the plane of the detector is tilted by 60 degrees with respect to the ecliptic. The goal of LISA is to detect GWs which manifest themselves as a tiny fluctuation in the frequency of the laser beam measured at the phase-meter. Thus, to detect GW you need to compete with many sources of disturbance that simulate the effect of a GW frequency modulation. Laser noise is an example of those. Therefore, one key element in the LISA data production chain is the post-processing technique called Time Delay Interferometry aimed at suppressing the intense laser frequency noise that would completely cover the astrophysical signal. Data from the six independent inter-satellite links, connecting the three spacecraft, are properly time-shifted and combined to form the final scientific signal. This post-processing technique circumvents the impossibility of physically building in space an equal arm interferometer, which would intrinsically beat the frequency noise by comparing light generated at the same time. The following work is focused on revisiting the Time-Delay-Interferometry (TDI) for LISA and studying the usage of all the possible TDI combinations we can build for the LISA instrument characterisation and science extraction. Many possible TDI combinations that suppress the frequency noise have been identified in the past and this thesis revisits the TDI technique focusing on the physical interpretation of it, that is a virtual interference of photons that have been travelling through the constellation via different paths but performing the same total distance. We illustrate all possible TDI configurations that suppress the laser noise contribution to the level required by the mission to understand how TDI channels can be best used for the diagnostic of the instrument and LISA science. With this philosophy, we develop an algorithm to search for all possible combinations that suppress laser noise at the same level as the classical TDI X, Y, and Z combinations presented in the TDI literature. This algorithm finds new combinations that fulfill the noise suppression requirement as accurately as X, Y, and Z. The LISA mission has been also advertised to probe the early Universe by detecting a stochastic GW background. Once the laser frequency noise has been subtracted, the stochastic signal, both cosmological and astrophysical, is itself going to contribute to the noise curve. Therefore it is necessary to have a good estimate of the noise of the instrument to discriminate between the stochastic background signal and the LISA noise. The strategy that has been suggested in the literature is to use the TDI T, insensitive (up to a certain order) to GW signals to estimate the pure instrumental noise in order to distinguish between the LISA background noise and the GW stochastic signal. Following this idea, as instrument noise is expected to have multiple, independent sources, this thesis explores combinations that could allow discriminating among those sources of noise, and between them and the GW signal, with the purpose of understanding how we can characterise our instrument using TDI. We illustrate special TDI combination signals in LISA, in addition to TDI T, that we call null-channels, which are ideally insensitive to gravitational waves and only carry information about instrumental noise. Studying the noise properties that can be extracted by monitoring these interferometric signals, we state that individual acceleration noise parameters are not well constrained. All null-channels behave as an ideal Sagnac interferometer, sensitive just to a particular linear combination of the six test masses acceleration that resembles a rotational acceleration signal of the entire constellation. Moreover, all null-channels show approximately the same signal to noise ratio remarkably suppressed relative to that of the TDI X. In support and application of our theoretical studies, we also give an introduction on calibrating the LISA instrument by injecting spurious signals in a LISA link and see how these propagates through a TDI channel. Indeed, this will be useful to calibrate the instrument during operations and also to build the basis for the data analysis to discriminate spurious signals from gravitational waves. My contribution to the results we present in this thesis can be summarised as the following. I supported the studies and the realisation of the search TDI algorithm whose results are published in the article. In particular, I took care of cataloging the new TDI combinations and consolidating the results we found. I have updated the TDI combinations reported in the above-mentioned work, the final version of it is reported in this thesis. I worked on the characterisation of these combinations concerning secondary noises such as clock noise, readout noise, residual laser frequency noise, and acceleration noise. In particular, I studied how these noises are transferred through the various TDI and I derive the correspondent analytical models. I then realize a software with Wolfram Mathematica, design to load and combines phase data produced by an external simulator to build the final TDI outputs, besides I also did the noise models’ validation. The basis of this program was then used to implement these TDI combinations in LISANode. Finally, I developed the algorithm to study how disturbances in force, such as glitches, and simple GW signals, such as monochromatic GW binaries, propagate through TDI and null-channels. Moreover, I tested through simulations the validity of these TDI and null-channels to distinguish instrumental artefact from GW signals and to characterise the instrumental noise.
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6

Väisänen, J. (Jussi). "Development of a model for classifying software based instruments using the instrument Seq1 as a testbed." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2016. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201604261543.

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Software based musical instruments are new kind of musical instruments that employ digital technology in the generation of sound, user interface or both. In this work I describe a new software based musical instrument called Seq1 that was developed at the RFMedia laboratory in Ylivieska. Design choices for Seq1 came from findings in literature into similar phenomena. Research literature also unveiled the fact that although there are frameworks for describing different aspects of software based musical instruments there is no general model for classifying software based musical instruments. There are systems for classifying musical instruments such as the most prominent of these, the Hornbostel-Sachs system which is meant as a way to classify every type of musical instrument. It was originally created in 1914 and has since then been updated several times. The last update has been in 2011 which added tens of new subcategories for electrophones (electronic instruments). The subcategories meant for classifying software based musical instruments seem to be inadequate. This work introduces a sketch of a new model for classifying specifically software based musical instruments and introduces Seq1 as an example for the usage of the new classification system.
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Gießmann, Hans J. "Die Bundeswehr – ein Instrument der Außenpolitik?" Universität Potsdam, 2007. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/texte_eingeschraenkt_welttrends/2009/3173/.

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Inhalt: - UNO, wenn möglich – ohne UNO, wenn nötig? - Neue Interpretation der Verteidigung - Kritische Stimmung in der Bevölkerung - Artikel 26 Grundgesetz - Erosion des Völkerrechts - Kluge Politik contra militärische Macht
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Tulchak, L. V., A. S. Alieksieienko, Л. В. Тульчак, and А. С. Алєксєєнко. "Oscilloscope in science and engineering." Thesis, Вінницький національний аграрний університет, 2015. http://ir.lib.vntu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/7680.

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An oscilloscope, previously called an oscillograph, and informally known as a scope, CRO (for cathode-ray oscilloscope), or DSO (for the more modern digital storage oscilloscope), is a type of electronic test instrument that allows observation of constantly varying signal voltages, usually as a two-dimensional plot of one or more signals as a function of time. Non-electrical signals (such as sound or vibration) can be converted to voltages and displayed
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Kerr, Patricia Reda. "Design and validation of a standards-based science teacher efficacy instrument." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1155806476.

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Dorner, Bernhard. "Verification and science simulations with the Instrument Performance Simulator for JWST - NIRSpec." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10066/document.

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Le télescope spatial James Webb (JWST) est le successeur du télescope spatial Hubble (HST). Il est développé en collaboration par les agences spatiales NASA, ESA et CSA. Le spectrographe proche infrarouge NIRSpec est un instrument du JWST. Le Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon (CRAL) a développé le logiciel de simulation des performances (IPS) de NIRSpec en vue de l’étude de ses performances et de la préparation de poses synthétiques réalistes. Dans cette thèse, nous vérifions certains algorithmes de l’IPS, en particulier ceux traitant des transformations de coordonnées et de la propagation en optique de Fourier. Nous présentons ensuite une interface simplifiée pour la préparation de « scènes » d’observation et un logiciel de traitement de données permettant d’extraire des spectres à partir de poses synthétiques afin de faciliter l’exploitation des simulations. Nous décrivons comment nous avons construit et validé le modèle de l’instrument par comparaison avec les données de calibration. Pour les transformations de coordonnées, le modèle final est capable de reproduire les mesures avec une précision 3 à 5 fois meilleure que celle requise pour la calibration spectrale. Pour la transmission globale notre précision est de 0–10% dans l’absolu et meilleure que 5% en relatif. Finalement, nous présentons la première simulation d’une observation de type « champ profond spectrographique » et nous explorons comment NIRSpec pourra être utilisé pour observer le transit de planètes extra-solaires. Nous déterminons en particulier la luminosité maximale des étoiles hôtes pouvant être observées et quels peuvent être les rapports signal sur bruit attendus
The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), a joint project by NASA, ESA, and CSA, is the successor mission to the Hubble Space Telescope. One of the four science instruments on board is the near-infrared spectrograph NIRSpec. To study the instrument performance and to create realistic science exposures, the Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon (CRAL) developed the Instrument Performance Simulator (IPS) software. Validating the IPS functionality, creating an accurate model of the instrument, and facilitating the preparation and analysis of simulations are key elements for the success of the IPS. In this context, we verified parts of the IPS algorithms, specifically the coordinate transform formalism, and the Fourier propagation module. We also developed additional software tools to simplify the scientific usage, as a target interface to construct observation scenes, and a dedicated data reduction pipeline to extract spectra from exposures. Another part of the PhD work dealt with the assembly of an as-built instrument model, and its verification with measurements from a ground calibration campaign. For coordinate transforms inside the instrument, we achieved an accuracy of 3–5 times better than the required absolute spectral calibration, and we could reproduce the total instrument throughput with an absolute error of 0–10% and a relative error of less than 5%. Finally, we show first realistic on-sky simulations of a deep field spectroscopy scene, and we explored the capabilities of NIRSpec to study exoplanetary transit events. We determined upper brightness limits of observable host stars, and give noise estimations of exemplary transit spectra
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Books on the topic "Instrument Science"

1

E, Sandlin Robert, and National Institute for Hearing Instruments Studies (U.S.), eds. Hearing instrument science & fitting practices. 2nd ed. Livonia, MI: National Institute for Hearing Instruments Studies, 1996.

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E, Sandlin Robert, ed. Hearing instrument science and fitting practices. Livonia, MI: National Institute for Hearing Instruments Studies, 1985.

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Christoph, Meinel, and Verlag für Geschichte der Naturwissenschaften und der Technik., eds. Instrument - Experiment: Historische Studien. Berlin: Verlag für Geschichte der Naturwissenschaften und der Technik, 2000.

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Bedini, Silvio A. Patrons, artisans, and instruments of science, 1600-1750. Aldershot, Hampshire, Great Britain: Ashgate/Variorum, 1999.

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Sukhikh, A. V. KANONʺ--instrument maketirovani͡ia ėkspertnykh sistem. Moskva: Vychislitelʹnyĭ ͡tsentr RAN, 1992.

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Weiss, Martin. Showcasing Science. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462982246.

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Teylers Museum was founded in 1784 and soon thereafter became one of the most important centres of Dutch science. The Museum’s first director, Martinus van Marum, famously had the world’s largest electrostatic generator built and set up in Haarlem. This subsequently became the most prominent item in the Museum’s world-class, publicly accessible, and constantly growing collections. These comprised scientific instruments, mineralogical and palaeontological specimens, prints, drawings, paintings, and coins. Van Marum’s successors continued to uphold the institution’s prestige and use the collections for research purposes, while it was increasingly perceived as an art museum by the public. In the early twentieth century, the Nobel Prize laureate Hendrik Antoon Lorentz was appointed head of the scientific instrument collection and conducted experiments on the Museum’s premises. Showcasing Science: A History of Teylers Museum in the Nineteenth Century charts the history of Teylers Museum from its inception until Lorentz’ tenure. From the vantage point of the Museum’s scientific instrument collection, this book gives an analysis of the changing public role of Teylers Museum over the course of the nineteenth century.
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Associates, Independent Communications, British Broadcasting Corporation, Royal Institution of Great Britain, and Films for the Humanities (Firm), eds. The essence of an instrument. Princeton, N.J: Films for the Humanities & Sciences, 2004.

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Bjelić, Dušan I. Galileo's pendulum: Science, sexuality, and the body-instrument link. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2003.

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Bjelic, Dusan I. Galileo's pendulum: Science, sexuality, and the body-instrument link. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2004.

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Griss, Martin. Building object-oriented instrument kits. Palo Alto, CA: Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, Technical Publications Department, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Instrument Science"

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Weik, Martin H. "instrument." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 797. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_9186.

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Rowbottom, Darrell P. "Science as an Instrument." In The Instrument of Science, 1–4. 1 [edition]. | New York : Taylor & Francis, 2019. | Series: Routledge studies in the philosophy of science ; 19: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429022517-1.

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Weik, Martin H. "terminal instrument." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 1764. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_19369.

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Weik, Martin H. "binocular instrument." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 121. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_1569.

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Weik, Martin H. "end instrument." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 519. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_6190.

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Hung, Shao-Tang. "Instrument: Colorimeter." In Encyclopedia of Color Science and Technology, 1–3. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27851-8_349-1.

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Hung, Shao-Tang. "Instrument: Photometer." In Encyclopedia of Color Science and Technology, 1–2. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27851-8_350-1.

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Hung, Shao-Tang. "Instrument: Spectrophotometer." In Encyclopedia of Color Science and Technology, 1–3. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27851-8_351-1.

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Hung, Shao-Tang. "Instrument: Colorimeter." In Encyclopedia of Color Science and Technology, 770–72. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8071-7_349.

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Hung, Shao-Tang. "Instrument: Photometer." In Encyclopedia of Color Science and Technology, 772–74. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8071-7_350.

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Conference papers on the topic "Instrument Science"

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Skinner, Mark A., and Steven P. Jordan. "AXAF: the Science Instrument Module." In Optical Science, Engineering and Instrumentation '97, edited by Oswald H. W. Siegmund and Mark A. Gummin. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.278891.

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Erickson, Edwin F. "Science instrument interfaces on SOFIA." In Astronomical Telescopes & Instrumentation, edited by Albert M. Fowler. SPIE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.317296.

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Johnson, R. P. "The GLAST LAT science instrument." In 2003 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium. Conference Record (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37515). IEEE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2003.1352184.

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Casey, S. C., J. A. Davidson, and E. E. Becklin. "SOFIA Science Utilization: The US Science Instrument Program." In World Aviation Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/975631.

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Casey, S., J. Davidson, E. Becklin, S. Casey, J. Davidson, and E. Becklin. "SOFIA science utilization - The U.S. Science Instrument Program." In 1997 World Aviation Congress. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1997-5631.

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Loychik, Neil, Mathieu Barraja, Afzal Khan, R. Ryan Vallance, Eric R. Marsh, and Dave A. Arneson. "Mechanical Design of a Precision Instrument for Measuring the Roundness Profiles of Micro Shafts." In ASME 2006 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2006-21101.

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This paper presents a new instrument for measuring roundness profiles of axially symmetric micro shafts with diameters below 250 micrometers. The instrument will measure form error in cutting tools used for micro machining, small-hole metrology probes, and other high aspect ratio micro structures. This instrument operates on the same physical principle as scanning tunneling microscopes, which measure surface topography using fluctuations in tunneling of electrons between probe and sample. The instrument will measure roundness profiles using a fixed-sensitive-direction arrangement of the detector, similar to macro scale metrology instruments. Challenges resulting from dimensional scaling necessitate an entirely new instrument compared to conventional instruments. We describe the need for this instrument, its working principle, architecture, the design of the traction drive mechanism, and the design of the nano positioning stages.
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Bacon, Roland, Svend-Marian Bauer, Richard Bower, Sylvie Cabrit, Michele Cappellari, Marcella Carollo, Francoise Combes, et al. "The second-generation VLT instrument MUSE: science drivers and instrument design." In SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.549009.

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Zarka, P., M. Tagger, L. Denis, J. N. Girard, A. Konovalenko, M. Atemkeng, M. Arnaud, et al. "NenUFAR: Instrument description and science case." In 2015 International Conference on Antenna Theory and Techniques (ICATT). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icatt.2015.7136773.

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Yamaguchi, Y., H. Tsu, H. Fujisada, A. Kahle, and D. Nichols. "ASTER instrument design and science objectives." In 32nd Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-597.

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Kubalak, Dave, Joe Sullivan, Ray Ohl, Scott Antonille, Alexander Beaton, Phillip Coulter, George Hartig, et al. "JWST science instrument pupil alignment measurements." In SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, edited by José Sasián and Richard N. Youngworth. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2238830.

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Reports on the topic "Instrument Science"

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Forbus, Kenneth D., Kate Lockwood, Emmett Tomai, Morteza Dehghani, and Jakub Czyz. Machine Reading as a Cognitive Science Research Instrument. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada470412.

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Schau, C., N. Mattern, R. Weber, and K. Minnick. Assessing middle school students` understanding of science relationships and processes: Year 2 - instrument validation. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/426972.

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Kreofsky, Tess. Isn’t Citizen Science a Hoot? A Case-study Exploring the Effectiveness of Citizen Science as an Instrument to Teach the Nature of Science through a Local Nocturnal Owl-Monitoring Project. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.2641.

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Silliman, Stephen E. Final Report to the Subsurface Science Program - Impact of Measurement Instrument and Conceptual Model on Analysis of Subsurface Heterogeneity. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/900486.

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Finch, Graeme, and Stuart Harmon. PR-670-183826-R01 Assessment of Science Behind LSM for Pipeline Integrity. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011803.

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Integrity assessment of pipelines is vital to ensure that oil and gas pipes have adequate strength to prevent leaks and ruptures. Regular inspections are conducted to confirm safe operation conditions of pipelines. The industry's principle method for assessing pipelines is in-line inspection (ILI), involving the passing of a device along the inside of a pipe to assess the condition of the pipeline. ILI devices can be fitted with a number of sensors allowing various measurement parameters to be obtained simultaneously. Not all pipelines are suited to ILI for reasons such as small diameter, obstructions within the pipe, or insufficient access to deploy or retrieve the ILI tools. These pipelines are sometimes referred to as 'difficult to inspect'. Alternative methods for examining pipeline condition are required, with a range of technologies collectively known as Large Standoff Magnetometry (LSM) offering a promising solution for detection of pipe defects from a distance, reducing the need for excavation. LSM utilises the coupling between defects and changes in the magnetic properties of the pipeline material as a method for evaluation of pipe walls to identify the location of areas that require repair or further monitoring. Trials of existing commercial instruments by the pipeline industry have shown sufficient promise to investigate the technologies further. However, vendors have supplied limited information on the underpinning physics of both the materials being tested and the instrument technology. The purpose of the project is to establish the ability of LSM to detect corrosion in API 5L pipe grades B to X70. The aim of Work Package 02 is to review the physics of the agreed pipeline defects and fluxgate type magnetic sensors. The properties of pipeline-specific soft magnetic materials are investigated to understand corrosion, how this alters the material properties and how this can affect the associated magnetic fields surrounding the material. The physics of fluxgate magnetometers and gradiometers are also reviewed to assess the ability of LSM to detect these two features.
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Freund, F., and J. J. Plombon. A Charge Distribution Analysis instrument for catalysis and material science applications. Second quarterly technical progress report, January 1, 1994--March 31, 1994. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10157578.

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Freund, F. A charge distribution analysis instrument for catalysis and material science applications; First quarterly technical progress report, October 1, 1993--December 31, 1993. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/143987.

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Freund, F. A charge distribution analysis instrument for catalysis and material science applications. Third quarterly technical progress report, April 1, 1994--June 30, 1994. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10173281.

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Rucevska, Ieva, Natalia Skripnikova, Carina Thomassen, Eirin Husabø, Elisabeth Berglihn, Karen Raubenheimer, and Niko Urho. Climate Impacts of Plastics: Global Actions to Stem Climate Change and End Plastic Pollution. GRID-Arendal, February 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.61523/spyl9908.

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Science provides convincing evidence that greenhouse gas emissions generated across the plastics life cycle are estimated to be between 3.8 and 4.5 per cent of global greenhouse gas emissions. This is set to grow with a projected increase in primary plastic production. This report presents the synthesis of an extensive literature review of the plastics life cycle. It analyses the countries’ submissions to the UNFCCC, the Paris Agreement, and the Intergovernmental Committee on plastic pollution. It also suggests measures that co-benefit addressing plastic pollution and achieving the global climate goals. This report reveals critical gaps in the current reporting practice for accounting plastics impacts on climate under the UNFCCC and the Paris Agreement and points out the role of the international legally binding instrument on plastic pollution, including in the marine environment, (the instrument) in stemming climate change. The report argues that the development and the implementation of the plastics instrument provides a unique opportunity to strengthen global efforts in addressing climate change across the plastics life cycle, complementing the broader decarbonisation activities of the UNFCCC and the Paris Agreement. To combat climate change alongside the plastics life cycle, the primary focus must be on reducing the production of plastics and focusing on low-carbon design as well as improving waste management and remediation. Additionally, the report draws attention to the lack of internationally agreed definitions used for the assessment of the impacts of plastics on climate, which would guide research, national reporting, and policy interventions in the future.
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Kvarnström, Tove, and Marie Helsing Västfjäll, eds. Linköping University’s Participation in Horizon 2020 : The European Framework Programme for Research and Innovation 2014–2020. Linköping University Electronic Press, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/9789179295998.

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HORIZON 2020 was the European Commission’s Framework Programme for Research and Innovation between 2014 and 2020. With a budget of nearly €80 billion, it was the largest financial instrument for research and innovation ever in the European Union. Its predecessor, the 7th Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development (FP7), for the period 2007–2013, had a budget of just over €50 billion. The political goal behind Horizon 2020 was to ensure that Europe produces world-class science and technology that drives economic growth. The framework programme was built around three main programme sections, known as Pillars, complemented by other work programmes, including the Joint Research Centre, the Euratom Programme and the Public-Private Partnerships.
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