Relevant bibliographies by topics / Instrumental aggression

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Instrumental aggression'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Instrumental aggression"

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Wilson, Marc Stewart, and Emma Peden. "Aggression and Hunting Attitudes." Society & Animals 23, no. 1 (February 2, 2015): 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685306-12341341.

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Hunting has a long history, and contentious recent past. We examined the relationship between aggression and hunting attitudes, investigating the moderating role of sex. Two studies are presented—a psychometric evaluation of a unidimensional instrument for assessing hunting attitudes, which was then administered to a sample of general population participants to assess the relationship between aggression and hunting attitudes. Finally, university students completed measures of hunting attitudes and instrumental/expressive aggression. Men were more instrumentally aggressive than women and were more supportive toward hunting. The relationship between instrumental (but not expressive) aggression and hunting attitudes was moderated by sex—men’s hunting endorsement increased with instrumental aggression, while women’s endorsement of hunting decreased with increasing instrumental aggression. Expressive aggression was not predictive of hunting attitudes.
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Sherrill, Andrew M., and Lauren T. Bradel. "Contact sport participation predicts instrumental aggression, not hostile aggression, within competition: quasi-experimental evidence." Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research 9, no. 1 (January 9, 2017): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jacpr-01-2016-0207.

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Purpose Findings are mixed with regard to the link between contact sport participation and aggression. One possibility is that contact sport participation may be associated with instrumental aggression but not hostile aggression. The purpose of this paper is to employ a quasi-experimental design to investigate the prediction that young men who regularly participated in contact sports during high school, compared to those who did not, exhibit a greater disposition toward aggression in response to a non-provoking situation (instrumental aggression) and no dispositional difference in response to a provoking situation (hostile aggression). Design/methodology/approach The Taylor Aggression Paradigm was used to manipulate three levels of provocation (no provocation, low provocation, high provocation) and observe aggressive behavior in participants who varied in contact sport participants (yes, no). Findings Results indicated a significant two-way interaction between provocation level and contact sport participation such that contact sport participation positively predicted aggression before provocation was initiated (instrumental aggression), not after (hostile aggression). Originality/value This is one of only a limited number of studies to examine the link between contact sport participation and aggression at varying levels of provocation. Findings suggest the form of aggression associated with contact sport participation is predominately instrumental.
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Little, Todd D., Christopher C. Henrich, Stephanie M. Jones, and Patricia H. Hawley. "Disentangling the “whys” from the “whats” of aggressive behaviour." International Journal of Behavioral Development 27, no. 2 (March 2003): 122–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01650250244000128.

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We examined the validity of a measurement system for the study of aggression that distinguishes among four principle dimensions of aggressive behaviour: overt and relational aggression (i.e., the “whats”) and instrumental and reactive aggression (i.e., the “whys”). The sample comprised 1723 adolescents (Grades 5 through 10) from Berlin, Germany. The internal validity of the measurement system was strongly supported, revealing four discrete dimensions of aggression: two overriding forms (overt and relational) and two underlying functions (instrumental and reactive). The differential and unique patterns of criterion-related validity strongly supported the distinctions among the constructs. The importance of disentangling these dimensions in understanding the development of aggressive behaviour is discussed.
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Ojanen, Tiina, and Sarah Kiefer. "Instrumental and reactive functions and overt and relational forms of aggression." International Journal of Behavioral Development 37, no. 6 (October 2, 2013): 514–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025413503423.

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This study examined the development of adolescent self-reported instrumental-overt, instrumental-relational, reactive-overt, and reactive-relational aggression during middle school ( N = 384; 12–14 years; 53% boys). Growth modeling indicated average increases in instrumental-relational aggression, and decreases in reactive-overt and reactive-instrumental aggression over time. Further, overt and relational aggression driven by reactive reasons (functions) predicted gains in aggression driven by instrumental reasons, and overt form of aggression predicted increases in relational form of aggression across time.
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Gustafson, Roland. "Alcohol-Related Aggression: A Further Study of the Importance of Frustration." Psychological Reports 57, no. 3 (December 1985): 683–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1985.57.3.683.

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This experiment investigated aggression as an interactive effect of alcohol and frustration in a situation where frustration was defined as strong and arbitrary and aggression as instrumental. 40 male subjects were randomly assigned to either an alcohol or a placebo group, each group further divided into an aggressive-cue group and a no-aggressive-cue group. Subjects either consumed an alcohol dose of 0.8 ml of pure alcohol per kg body weight or a placebo drink. Intensity and duration of shocks administered by subjects to a bogus partner in a supervision “cover task” were measures of relative aggression and absolute aggression was defined as number of shocks given. The aggressive cue manipulation had no effect, and both absolute and relative aggression increased only when intoxicated subjects were frustrated. Aggression was clearly of an instrumental kind with no ingredients of emotional aggression. The different dependent measures were highly intercorrelated and not associated with different types of aggression. The results were discussed as supportive of a model proposing a shift in attentional processes under alcohol to salient external features.
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Velasco Gómez, Mª José. "Violencia instrumental y sentimientos morales / Instrumental aggression and moral feelings." REOP - Revista Española de Orientación y Psicopedagogía 22, no. 3 (January 5, 2014): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/reop.vol.22.num.3.2011.11281.

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Peña, Maria Elena, José Manuel Andreu, José Luis Graña, Farzaneh Pahlavan, and Jesus Martin Ramirez. "MODERATE AND SEVERE AGGRESSION JUSTIFICATION INSTRUMENTAL AND REACTIVE CONTEXTS." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 36, no. 2 (January 1, 2008): 229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2008.36.2.229.

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The main goal of this study was to analyze the justification of interpersonal aggression various situations or contexts. For this purpose, a self-report instrument was employed that measures different kinds of aggressive behaviors in situations in which it may be considered justified: the Cuestionario de Actitudes Morales sobre Agresión (CAMA; Ramirez, 1991), a reliable and valid test to measure the different degrees to which youth and adolescents may justify interpersonal aggression (Ramirez & Andreu, 2006). A large sample (N = 735) of participants from various educational centers of Madrid was utilized. Results revealed that normative beliefs vary as a function of age, sex, and the instrumental-reactive context. Reactive situations elicited higher levels of justification than instrumental situations and higher levels in the justifying beliefs about severe aggression were found among men than among women and in adolescents than in young adults. There were no significant differences in the justifying beliefs about moderate aggression.
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Muñoz, Luna C., and Paul J. Frick. "Callous-Unemotional Traits and Their Implication for Understanding and Treating Aggressive and Violent Youths." Criminal Justice and Behavior 39, no. 6 (March 28, 2012): 794–813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854812437019.

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This article reviews the current research literature on the development of aggression and callous-unemotional traits. Research suggests there are two functions to aggression, reactive and instrumental, and each has concomitant cognitive and emotional factors associated. Furthermore, callous-unemotional (CU) traits (i.e., an absence of empathy and guilt) have been shown to be associated with the instrumental type of aggression. Research on CU traits suggests that there are distinct developmental mechanisms operating in the development of aggressive and violent behavior for youths with and without these traits. These distinct developmental mechanisms have important implications for the assessment and treatment of aggressive and violent youths.
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Mulligan, Bryce, and Stanley Koren. "Geopsychology of instrumental aggression: daily concurrence of global terrorism and solar-geomagnetic activity (1970-2018)." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 8, no. 5 (June 2, 2021): 487–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.85.10266.

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Formal scientific study of the geopsychology of human aggression dates back at least a century and has consistently demonstrated a positive association between solar-geomagnetic activity and aggressive behaviour. Advances in the theories, methodologies, and practical applications of geopsychology could therefore contribute to collective efforts to comprehend, to forecast, and to develop interventions for aggressive behaviours such as those seen in terrorism. This requires a rigorous and precise estimate of the magnitude of association between solar-geomagnetic activity and aggression using a representative, contemporary sample of strictly-operationalized behaviour. Here we show that days in recent history (1970-2018) with the lowest levels of instrumental human aggression (number of casualty-associated terrorism incidents) also had the lowest levels of solar and geomagnetic activity, and that stepwise increases in human aggression were mirrored by progressive increases in solar activity. We used Bayesian methods robust to outliers and heterogeneity of variance to analyze the most comprehensive and contemporary global database of terrorism incidents available, which included more than 106,000 unique instances of instrumental aggression spanning 48 years. We conclude that there is a small, nonzero promotional effect of solar-geomagnetic activity on terrorism-related aggression. This may reflect the fact that solar-geomagnetic activity serves as a zeitgeber that coordinates the expression of instrumental aggression across an aggregation of susceptible individuals. We propose that many behaviours – even instrumental acts such as terrorism which are presumed to involve a degree of planning and intention – may be subject to subtle geopsychological induction or suppression.
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Kosiewicz, Jerzy. "New Paradigm: Science on Aggression with Sport in the Background." Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research 67, no. 1 (September 1, 2015): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pcssr-2015-0022.

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Abstract In this work, the author focuses in particular on aggressive behavior in competitive sports (highly ranked professional, spectator, and Olympic sports) and on the behavior of fans accompanying sporting events. Aggression in sports, when considered from the point of view of the regulations in specific disciplines, has two main variants. The first variant is necessary aggression, which is both instrumental and non-instrumental and is potential in the sense that it allows the manifestation of emotions which are not outlined in the rules of the discipline. Thus, aggression is considered necessary when it results from the rules of a given sport. The second form of aggression is a non-instrumental and unpredictable aggression which is of an emotional origin. It is reactive, characterized by anger, and aims to cause harm. It is not stimulated by the rules of a given sport, but on the contrary is restricted and punished by the rules. The author also points out that the aggressive behavior of fans before, during, and outside a sporting event will never be necessary in this respect because the rules, guidelines, or specific regulations of a sport apply to the behavior of players, not fans. Therefore, their aggression is potential, emotional, planned, or spontaneous, but never necessary.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Instrumental aggression"

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Carroll, Christopher Ryan. "Cannabis and aggression : differentiating reactive and instrumental aggression." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/55857.

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My thesis explored the relation between cannabis use (CU) and two distinct subtypes of aggression. Substantial prior research has examined the association between CU and aggression; however, empirical evidence has not yet provided a clear or complete picture of this relationship. This may be due to the fact that to date no studies have considered the important distinction between instrumental aggression (IA) and reactive aggression (RA). The aim of this study was to differentiate these subtypes of aggression while controlling for covariates such as psychopathy and trait aggression which has the potential to reconcile the apparently contradictory findings in the literature. Also of interest was the role that gender plays in the relationship between cannabis and IA/RA. Samples from three different populations, who all completed a series of self-report questionnaires, were examined for this study. The sample from the university population consisted of 427 participants, the sample from the online population consisted of 434 participants, and the sample from the treatment population consisted of 68 participants. The data were analysed using independent samples t tests, hierarchical multiple regressions, and two-way ANOVAs. The results from all three samples indicated that there is little to no relation between CU and IA/RA. In cases where a relation was found, it disappeared when accounting for psychopathy and trait aggression. These findings were consistent across all frequencies of CU. Furthermore, the results showed that there was no interaction between gender and any frequency of CU when looking at the relation with IA/RA. Collectively, these findings indicate that CU is not associated with aggressive behaviour and propose answers to the question of why there is such differing findings in the existing literature. The public health impact of CU remains controversial and these findings have important theoretical, methodological, and clinical implications.
Irving K. Barber School of Arts and Sciences (Okanagan)
Psychology, Department of (Okanagan)
Graduate
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Clifford, Charity E. "Testing the instrumental and reactive motivations of romantic relational aggression." Diss., Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32851.

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Doctor of Philosophy
School of Family Studies and Human Services
Amber Vennum
The literature suggests that aggressive behaviors occur in response to provocation (i.e., reactive aggression) or to achieve a goal (i.e., instrumental aggression). Relational aggression –when an individual harms another’s interpersonal relationships – has been studied from the reactive and instrumental framework in peer-directed contexts, usually with children. However, relational aggression in romantic relationships is yet to be studied from this framework. This dissertation includes a series of studies investigating whether two specific relationally aggressive behaviors found in romantic relationships (i.e., social sabotage and love withdrawal) are 1) motivated by instrumental and reactive aggression, 2) associated with differential characteristics, and 3) predictive of negative outcomes. The Romantic Relational Aggression Motivation (RRAM) scale, which included social sabotage and love withdrawal items with both instrumental and reactive motivations, was created to explore the above research questions. During Study 1a, an exploratory factor analysis using a sample of 170 emerging adults tested the factor structure of the RRAM. This resulted in love withdrawal, but not social sabotage, factoring into instrumental and reactive subscales. Using the same sample at a later wave, Study 1b refined the RRAM from Study 1a; the findings confirmed the results of Study 1a. In Study 2, using a sample of 118 emerging adults, the factor structure found in Study 1b was corroborated using a confirmatory factor analysis. Study 2 found that social sabotage was more closely related to instrumental than reactive love withdrawal. Reactive and instrumental love withdrawal were clearly differentiated based on their associations with constructs that were emotionally driven (e.g. neuroticism and hostile attribution bias) but not by their associations with constructs that dealt with power (e.g. self-relationship power and trait dominance). None of the romantic relational aggression scales were predictive of the negative outcomes in the study, possibly due to the small sample size (85 emerging adults) in the longitudinal portion of Study 2. As instrumental and reactive love withdrawal were associated with different constructs and combining the two together may cause substantial differences to be lost, the RRAM may be a useful tool for researchers of romantic relational aggression.
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Steadham, Jennifer A. "Psychopathic and Antisocial Personality Disorder Traits As Predictors of Reactive and Instrumental Aggression." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2012. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc115167/.

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Aggression has traditionally been subdivided into two correlated, but distinct, subtypes: reactive and instrumental. Reactive aggression (RA) is considered impulsive, emotionally driven behavior, whereas instrumental aggression (IA) is planned and incentive-motivated. This thesis examines the relationships between RA, IA, psychopathy, and antisocial personality disorder (APD) symptoms in male and female offenders recruited from a jail in north Texas. Contrary to predictions, psychopathic traits did not account for more variance in aggression than did APD symptoms. Impulsivity demonstrated slight incremental validity over psychopathy for RA, and to a lesser degree, IA. the continued utility of the reactive-instrumental distinction and implications for professional practice in relation to the current study are examined. Study limitations and directions for future research are discussed.
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Haden, Sara Chiara. "Psychobiological Mechanisms of Aggression in Youth." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27959.

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Recently, models of aggressive behavior have begun to appreciate the influence of both psychological and biological predictors of maladaptive behavior. The aim of the current project was to clarify the roles that the noradrenergic system (i.e., norepinephrine metabolite, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyglycol [MHPG]) and characteristics of the rearing environment play in different expressions of aggression (i.e., hostile and instrumental). It was predicted that higher concentrations of MHPG would be related to increased self-reports of aggressive behavior, especially hostile forms, while expressing aggression during an analog aggression task would lead to decreases in MHPG. It was also predicted that concentrations of MHPG would interact with childhood environment characteristics to predict aggressive behavior in youth. A sample of 68 male youth, aged 7 to 17, were recruited from two agencies in southwest Virginia serving disadvantaged youth. They completed self-report measures on their childhood environment, aggressive and delinquent behaviors, as well as exposure to community violence and negative life events. In addition, youth played a challenging computer game with an alleged â opponentâ and lost. Half of the participants were able to retaliate after the game against their â opponent.â Salivary MHPG was measured once before and three times after the game. A series of ANOVAs and hierarchical regressions were conducted in order to test the main and interactive effects of punitive childhood experiences and baseline MHPG on aggressive behavior. Findings failed to support the primary predictions; however, results of supplemental analyses showed significant associations of aggression with negative mood, negative family atmosphere, and increased baseline MHPG after controlling for negative family atmosphere. Also, parental punishment and rejection significantly predicted delinquency, and a significant interaction effect indicated that higher recovery concentrations of MHPG placed rejected youth more at risk for engaging in delinquent behavior. Results of the present study help to enhance understanding of the differences in biological and psychological correlates of aggression and delinquency in at-risk youth, and inform prevention and intervention efforts.
Ph. D.
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Tecce, Marielena P. "Juvenile Psychopathy: Instrumental versus Reactive Aggression in Male and Female Juvenile Offenders." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1396876090.

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Falkenbach, Diana M. "The subtypes of psychopathy and their relationship to hostile and instrumental aggression." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000569.

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Hutton, Erin Lisa. "An examination of the factor structure of the Psychopathy Checklist : Youth Version and its association with instrumental aggression among violent female youth." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/38314.

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Female youth are a strikingly understudied population within the accumulated forensic literature which is particularly troubling since adolescent females represent a significant and growing population within forensic contexts. The Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (PCL:YV; Forth, Kosson, & Hare, 2003) was created to assess psychopathic traits among adolescents, which include interpersonal deceptiveness, affective deficits, and impulsive, antisocial tendencies. However, to ensure its proper use, the underlying factor structure of the PCL:YV must be determined. The primary purpose of this thesis was to examine whether the two-factor, three-factor, or four-facet model is most appropriate for female youth. This is the first study to simultaneously examine all three of the primary factor models among a North American sample of violent female youth offenders. Results demonstrated that the three-factor model is the best-fitting of the three primary PCL:YV factor models among violent female youth offenders. Further, the extant research has repeatedly demonstrated a relationship between the presence of psychopathic traits and instrumental aggression, however, researchers have only recently begun to examine this relationship among juvenile offenders, and females have often been excluded or represent only a small proportion of mixed samples. A secondary goal of the current thesis was to examine the relationship between psychopathy total, factor, and facet scores and instrumental aggression in a sample of female offenders. Contrary to previous studies on male youth, results revealed that female youth with psychopathic traits were not significantly more likely to use instrumental violence in the commission of their violent crimes. Findings and their respective research and clinical applications are discussed.
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Jansson, Lisa, and Isabel Lundmark. "Instrumentell och reaktiv aggression hos svenska mordbrännare." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för lärarutbildning, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-19540.

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Denna kvantitativa studie undersökte om det var möjligt att kategorisera mordbrännares aggression som instrumentell eller reaktiv utifrån Cornells (1996) kodningsguide. Det huvudsakliga syftet med studien var att tillföra en förståelse om hur teorin gällande reaktivt och instrumentell aggression kan tillämpas när det gäller mordbrännare, och därmed även förhoppningsvis utöka användningsområdet för teorin. Studien bygger på 87 fällande domar från Sveriges hovrätter där gärningspersonerna blivit dömda för försök till mordbrand, mordbrand alternativt till grov mordbrand mellan år 2017-2018 från två av hovrätterna och mellan 2016-2018 från fyra av hovrätterna. Domarna bedömdes av två oberoende bedömare, tillika författarna av denna studie. Med en hög interbedömarreliabilitet visade resultatet av undersökningen att det var möjligt att skilja reaktiva gärningspersoner från instrumentella. Variablerna planering och målinriktning förekom i större utsträckning hos de gärningspersoner som klassades som instrumentella, medan variablerna provokation och känslomässig upphetsning oftare förekom hos reaktiva gärningspersoner. Sambanden mellan variablerna omfattning, relation samt ställning i skuldfrågan och typ av aggression var däremot ej signifikanta. Vidare implikationer av studien visar ett utökat användningsområde för Cornells (1996) kodningsguide, men att det finns skäl till att kritisera den dikotoma klassificeringen. Ett alternativ kan vara att utöka klassificeringen, alternativt att för just mordbrännare använda sig av Canter och Fritzons (1998) kodningsguide som är speciellt framtagen för mordbrännare, men har vissa likheter med Cornells (1996).
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Friedmann, Rebecca. "Praxisrelevante Differenzierung der Handlungsmotive von Gewalttätern." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät IV, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17297.

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Die Motive von Gewalthandlungen unterscheiden sich erheblich voneinander. Verschiedene wissenschaftliche Fachrichtungen beschäftigen sich intensiv mit der Differenzierung von Dissozialität, Gewalt und Aggression. Vor allem in der Neurobiologie, der Psychologie und Psychiatrie (dort insbesondere in psychoanalytischen Konzepten), in der Untersuchung von Lebensverläufen und in der Kriminologie werden häufig zwei Handlungsmotive unterschieden: ein affektives Motiv und ein instrumentelles Motiv. Wenngleich viele verschiedene Begrifflichkeiten verwendet werden und fachrichtungsspezifisch jeweils andere Aspekte der Phänomene im Fokus der Betrachtung stehen, werden doch in vielen Publikationen ähnliche Sachverhalte beschrieben. Legt man die Ergebnisse der unterschiedlichen Studien übereinander, ergibt sich ein recht scharf umrissenes instrumentelles Motiv und ein weniger deutliches affektives Motiv. In dieser Arbeit wird deshalb eine weitere Unterteilung des affektiven Motivs in ein reaktives und ein intrinsisches vorgeschlagen, die in einem dimensionalen Bezug zueinander stehen. Diese Dreiteilung ließ sich in einer quantitativen Untersuchung abbilden. Die differenzierende Beschreibung eines reaktiven, intrinsischen und instrumentellen Motivs als Ergebnis vielfältiger Verknüpfung, hat eine hohe Relevanz für die pädagogische Praxis. Fast alle Programme sind für reaktiv motivierte Täter entwickelt und berücksichtigen die Spezifika der anderen Motivlagen kaum oder gar nicht. Die vorliegende Arbeit schließt deshalb mit einer Empfehlung für die Praxis, die den Weg zu passgenauen, für spezifische Motivlagen geeignete Programme ebnen könnte, so dass eine indikative Auswahl auf der Basis einer pädagogischen Diagnostik möglich würde.
The motives regarding the acts of violence differ considerably. Various scientific fields closely examine the differentiation of dissociality, violence and aggression. Particularly in neurobiology, psychology and psychiatry (especially within psychoanalytical concepts), in the examination of life courses, and criminology two motives are frequently distinguished: an affective and an instrumental motive. Even though many different terms are used and, depending on the field, other aspects of the phenomena are focused on, scientific publications describe similar circumstances. The comparison of the findings of the different studies results in a well-defined instrumental and a less distinct affective motive. Therefore, this paper suggests a further differentiation of the affective motive into a reactive and an intrinsic one, with a dimensional connection to each other. This tripartition is shown in a quantitative study. The differentiated description of a reactive, intrinsic and instrumental motive as a result of multiple conjunctions is highly relevant for the pedagogical practice. Almost all programs are designed for reactive motivated offenders and hardly consider the specifics of other motives if they consider them at all. Therefore, this paper concludes with a recommendation for the practice, which could initiate the start of adequate programs related to the specific motives and facilitate an indicative selection based on pedagogical diagnostic.
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Rehn, Lise, and Anna Vikman. "Aggression i domar om mord och försök till mord." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Psychology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-1106.

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En uppdelning av aggression i instrumentell respektive reaktiv har bekräftats av tidigare forskning. Föreliggande studie bygger på 40 domar från Svea hovrätt där gärningsmännen blivit dömda för mord eller försök till mord. Huvudsyftet var att undersöka om reaktiva gärningsmän kunde skiljas från instrumentella gärningsmän med avseende på brottskaraktäristika, ålder, påföljd samt brottsrubricering. Syftet var också att undersöka samband mellan gärningsmannens påverkan av alkohol och/eller droger och gärningsmannens grad av planering, målinriktning, arousal, provokation från offret, samt gärningsmannens relation till offret. Två oberoende bedömare (föreliggande studies författare) genomförde kodningar utifrån Cornells kodningsguide för våldshandlingar. Resultatet visade att instrumentella gärningsmän kunde skiljas från reaktiva gärningsmän utifrån deras planering, målinriktning, arousal och relation till offret. Resultatet visade också på en hög interbedömarreliabilitet mellan bedömarna gällande samtliga brottskaraktäristika. Endast ett signifikant samband hittades mellan variabeln arousal och gärningsmannens påverkan av alkohol och/eller droger. En slutsats var att det gick att bedöma gärningsmannens aggression utifrån hovrättsdomar innehållande mord och försök till mord.

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Books on the topic "Instrumental aggression"

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Level of athletic, instrumental, and reactive aggression between contact and non-contact, male and female high school athletes under pre- and post-testing conditions. 1988.

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Level of athletic, instrumental, and reactive aggression between contact and non-contact, male and female high school athletes under pre- and post-testing conditions. 1985.

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Liesen, Laurette T. Feminist and Evolutionary Perspectives of Female-Female Competition, Status Seeking, and Social Network Formation. Edited by Maryanne L. Fisher. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199376377.013.8.

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During the 1980s and 1990s, feminist evolutionists were instrumental in demonstrating that primate females, including girls and women, can be aggressive and seek status within their groups. Building on their insights, researchers from across disciplines have found that females use a variety of direct and indirect tactics as they pursue their reproductive success. To better understand women’s aggression and status seeking, one also must examine their social networks. Women must not only deal with the dynamics within their groups, they also must deal with pressures from other groups. Success in maintaining connections in one’s social network is vital for access to the various resources women need for their own reproductive success and to keep competitors in check. Overall, women’s social networks, while serving both supportive and competitive functions, profoundly impact on the reproductive future of women and especially the survival and future reproductive strategies of their children.
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Gillett, Matthew. Eco-Struggles. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198784630.003.0011.

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This chapter examines the provisions of international criminal law applicable to serious environmental harm, particularly during non-international armed conflicts ('NIAC'). After describing incidents of serious environmental harm arising in armed conflicts, the analysis surveys the provisions of international criminal law applicable to environmental harm during NIACs, including war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide, and aggression. It then examines the basis for extending to NIACs the protection against military attacks causing excessive environmental harm (set out in Art. 8(2)(b)(iv) of the Rome Statute), which is currently only applicable in IACs. The examination of this possible amendment of the Rome Statute covers a broad range of instruments and laws forming part of international and national legal codes, all addressing grave environmental harm. Finally, the analysis turns to accountability for environmental harm as a facet of jus post bellum, emphasizing the interconnected nature of environmental harm and cycles of violence and atrocities.
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Williamson, Ariel A., Nancy G. Guerra, and Noel L. Shadowen. From School Bullying to Dating Violence. Edited by Thomas J. Dishion and James Snyder. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199324552.013.22.

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This chapter conceptualizes school-based, peer-to-peer bullying as a coercive relational process, in which bullies instrumentally use aggressive interpersonal tactics to influence, change, or dominate others in order to attain desired outcomes. We explain how this coercive process occurs on multiple levels, both within the bully-victim dyad and within the peer group context. We then discuss how the nature and desired outcomes of bullying change according to school setting and developmental period, drawing on empirical research that highlights the increasingly sexualized nature of bullying during early adolescence. Finally, we link sexual harassment and bullying behaviors during adolescence to risk for involvement in coercive relationships and processes in adulthood, and review the implications of this work for evidence-based bullying prevention programs.
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Diamond, Pamela M. Traumatic brain injury. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0053.

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During the past decade, traumatic brain injury (TBI) has become a frequent topic in the media. It has been a decade of expanding awareness, increased research, and growing concern about TBI of all severity levels. Consistent with this increased attention, researchers and policymakers have made strides toward greater understanding of the risks of TBI, the scope and complexity of the symptom profiles seen after TBI, and the types of treatments that optimize recovery. Recent studies have confirmed a 50 to 60% prevalence of TBI among prisoners. Most have experienced multiple injuries and experienced their first TBI in their mid-teens. Routine screening for TBI is rarely done in these settings in spite of there being a number of tested instruments available. The cognitive deficits associated with mild to moderate TBI are often indistinguishable from those associated with many mental illnesses and substance abuse. Etiology is difficult to establish; nevertheless, the common symptom patterns often make adjustment to jail or prison difficult. Educational interventions designed to improve staff knowledge of the prevalence of TBI and frequent symptom patterns are important first steps. Training staff how to modify their behavior and facilitate communication with inmates expressing these symptoms may reduce episodes of misunderstanding and potential aggression. Similarly, current programming may be modified to accommodate the cognitive deficits suffered by inmates with TBI as well as other disorders. This chapter reviews the prevalence of TBI in correctional settings, its impact on co-occurring mental illness and substance use, and opportunities to recognize, intervene, and treat patients with TBI.
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McAlpine, Kenneth B. Bits and Pieces. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190496098.001.0001.

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This book explores the development of and the social, cultural, and historical context of chiptune, a form of electronic music that emerged from the first generation of video game consoles and home computers in the 1980s. Through a combination of musical and procedural analysis and practitioner interviews, the book explores the role the technical constraints of early video game hardware played in shaping the sound of 8-bit video game music and the inventive approaches to coding and composition musicians used to circumvent them. It examines the sounds, culture, and personalities behind the music and shows how chiptune links as closely to the music of Bach as to the aggressive posturing of punk or the driving electronic sounds of house. The book begins by looking at chiptune’s roots in video game music and discusses how, as the sound chips that gave rise to its distinctive voice were superseded by more sophisticated hardware, chiptune moved underground to become an important part of the demoscene, a networked community of digital artists. It discusses chiptune’s reemergence in the late 1990s as a new wave of young musicians rediscovered these obsolete machines and began to use them as quirky and characterful musical instruments, in the process taking chiptune from the desktop and placing it centre stage. The book concludes by contemplating what lies ahead; as more people incorporate the chiptune sound into their work, will it ever hit the mainstream or will it remain firmly countercultural as part of the digital underground?
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Book chapters on the topic "Instrumental aggression"

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Del Vecchio, Tamara. "Instrumental Aggression." In Encyclopedia of Child Behavior and Development, 823–24. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79061-9_1510.

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Felson, Richard B. "A theory of instrumental aggression." In Violence and gender reexamined., 11–28. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10470-002.

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James, R., and R. Blair. "The Neurobiology of Aggression." In Neurobiology of Mental Illness, edited by Dennis S. Charney, 1103–11. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199934959.003.0085.

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This chapter considers the neurobiology of aggression both the neural systems mediating this behavior as well as how these systems can become perturbed such that the aggression is maladaptive to the individual. A distinction will be drawn between planned, goal directed instrumental aggression and threat/ frustration based reactive aggression. Instrumental aggression implicates the neural systems involved in instrumental motor behavior generally as well as emotional learning and decision making systems that allow the selection of one action over another. Conditions decreasing the responsiveness of neural systems allowing good decision making (amygdala, striatum, ventromedial prefrontal cortex) are associated with an increased risk for maladaptive instrumental aggression. Reactive aggression implicates sub cortical systems involved in the basic response to threat as well as cortical systems involved in emotional modulation and the response to norm violations.
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"Reactive and instrumental aggression and aggressiveness." In Emotion and Reason, 91–108. Routledge, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203093634-15.

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Barnhart, Joslyn. "National Humiliation at the Individual Level." In The Consequences of Humiliation, 57–77. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501748042.003.0004.

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This chapter examines the effects of international events on an individuals' emotions and foreign policy preferences using a set of survey experiments conducted within the United States. It analyzes the experimental approach that test assumptions about the types of international events that are likely to engender national humiliation. It also demonstrates a clear link between a sense of helplessness and humiliation in a way that distinguishes humiliation from anger and assesses the degree to which humiliating events might shift foreign policy preferences for aggressive foreign policy behaviors. The chapter reviews the degree to which emotional concerns mediate the relationship between humiliating international events and support for aggression relative to security and instrumental concerns. It talks about the desire to shore up the image of the state in its own eyes as well as the eyes of others, which lead states to pursue more aggressive foreign policies and engage in costly status-seeking measures.
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Conroy, Michael E. "Economic Aggression as an Instrument of Low-Intensity Warfare." In Reagan versus the Sandinistas, 57–79. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429303852-5.

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Dumitru, Cristina, and Dana-Elena Ciobanu. "Managing Challenging Behaviours in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder." In Advances in Early Childhood and K-12 Education, 126–43. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8217-6.ch008.

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Managing challenging behaviours is crucially important in order for a child to start learning, and this chapter provides teachers with certain tips and recommendations that are meant to improve the quality of life of autistic children, which implies, in particular, increasing their level of independence, the ability to establish social relationships, the opportunity to study and work, access to outdoor and leisure activities. The main aims of this chapter would be addressing the development of new positive behaviour skills which will facilitate social interaction, communication, and learning readiness and the reduction of undesirable forms of behaviour (aggression, self-aggression, hysterics, fears, unusual interests, stereotype behaviours), which are the main factors that hinder socialization and learning. This chapter will present some instruments to collect data about managing behaviours, interpret the data, and address the challenging behaviour in an appropriate manner.
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Benbaji, Yitzhak, and Daniel Statman. "Introduction." In War By Agreement, 1–8. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199577194.003.0009.

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The legal prohibition on aggression was first posited in the 1928 Kellogg-Briand pact (‘The Pact of Paris’), which outlawed ‘war as an instrument of national policy’. The parties to this pact undertook the duty not to use force to resolve ‘disputes or conflicts of whatever nature or of whatever origin they may be, which may arise among them’. Later, the United Nations Charter gave expression to the same idea: ‘All members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state.’...
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Rustici, Matt. "Communication Styles." In Communication in Emergency Medicine, edited by Maria E. Moreira and Andrew J. French, 3–14. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190852917.003.0001.

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This chapter examines how communication styles can influence how effectively people are able to convey information to others while working in the emergency department. In one model, styles are described as assertive, passive, aggressive, and passive-aggressive, where the assertive style is the most effective. In leadership development models like the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator or the DISC personality instrument, there is no superior style of communication but different personality types may prefer to use specific styles of communication which at times can lead to conflict. Understanding one’s own communication style and the communication styles of others can help a person recognize situations in which his or her preferred style is not working and adapt to improve communication.
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Raine, Tim, George Collins, Catriona Hall, Nina Hjelde, James Dawson, Stephan Sanders, and Simon Eccles. "Life on the wards." In Oxford Handbook for the Foundation Programme, 67–124. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198813538.003.0002.

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This chapter discusses life on the wards. It includes the medical team, the multidisciplinary team, daily ward duties, ward rounds, being on-call, night shifts, writing and common symbols in the notes, anatomical terms and planes, discharge summaries (TTOs/TTAs), fitness to work notes, referrals, referral letters, investigation requests, radiology, common ward dilemmas, pain, thinking about death, palliative care, the dying patient, death, nutrition, nutritional requirements, difficult patients, aggression and violence, needle-stick injuries, surgery, pre-op assessment, bowel preparation, surgical terminology, preparing in-patients for surgery, booking theatre lists, surgical instruments, the operating theatre, post-op care, post-op problems, wound management, common elective operations, and stomas.
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Conference papers on the topic "Instrumental aggression"

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Delvaux, Ellen, Whitney Van den Brande, Martijn Schouteden, Maarten Sercu, Elfi Baillien, Anja Van den Broeck, and Lode Godderis. "141 Can coping strategies alleviate the link between workplace aggression and burnout? the role of seeking instrumental or emotional socal support." In 32nd Triennial Congress of the International Commission on Occupational Health (ICOH), Dublin, Ireland, 29th April to 4th May 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2018-icohabstracts.1616.

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Azzi, M., E. Bitar-Nehme, and J. E. Klemberg-Sapieha. "Design of New Multifunctional Galling-Corrosion Testing Apparatus." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-39404.

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Galling of materials is a severe surface damage characterized by macroscopic material removal when two solid surfaces experience relative sliding under high load. This mode of wear is of particular interest in applications where design constraints require assembly components to slide against each other without adequate lubrication. Examples are high-pressure ball valve with metal-to-metal seal contact, sheet metal forming process and medical/food processing instruments where lubrication is sometimes non-existent due contamination concerns. In addition to sliding at high load, materials in these applications can be exposed to aggressive environments which lead to combined tribological and corrosive degradation phenomena. Progress in this field depends largely on the understanding of the interaction between corrosion and wear processes. In this paper, we describe a new testing instrument capable of testing galling and sliding wear behavior under dry and wet conditions. Design of this instrument is guided by ASTM standards G98 for galling, G99 for pin-on-disk, G133 for ball-on-flat and G199 for tribocorrosion. Galling configuration consists of two concentrically aligned hollow cylindrical specimen loaded along their longitudinal axis with constant load (max 5000 N). The upper specimen is held stationary while the lower specimen is rotated a number of cycles at a selected speed. During the test, the friction torque is measured using special torque/thrust load cell. For the combined galling/corrosion test, the specimen’s contact surface is submerged in an electrolytic solution and three-electrode type electrochemical cell is set-up using the specimens as working electrode. Galling/corrosion tests can be performed under open circuit potential or under controlled potentials. In the first type, the corrosion potential is monitored before, during and after rubbing, whereas in the second type, the corrosion potential and corrosion current are controlled before, during and after rubbing. In addition to galling, the instrument can also be used to conduct pin-on-disk and ball-on-flat tests under dry and wet conditions.
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Wesolek, D. M., A. G. Darrin, R. Osiander, S. J. Lehtonen, R. L. Edwards, and F. A. Hererro. "Micro Processing a Path to Aggressive Instrument Miniaturization for Micro and Picosats." In 2005 IEEE Aerospace Conference. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aero.2005.1559555.

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Simões Ré, António J., and Brian Veitch. "Evacuation in Ice: Ice Loads on a Lifeboat During Field Trials." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10689.

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Full-scale field trials of a conventional lifeboat in pack ice have yielded insights into the design and operation of evacuation craft in ice. The multi-year trials program used an instrumented lifeboat to investigate design considerations such as powering and propulsion, hull form, maneuvering, ice loads and ergonomics. Operational issues that have been examined include ice management for emergency evacuation, coxswain competence and training. This paper focuses on local ice loads measured on the hull during aggressive operations in pack ice. Field measurements are presented and the implications for design and safe operations are discussed.
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Yamaguchi, Hiroki, and Tetsuya Maeshiro. "Effect of random title assignment to control aggressive comments in pseudonym type computer mediated communications." In 2016 55th Annual Conference of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers of Japan (SICE). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sice.2016.7749211.

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Fuentes, Arturo A., and Yildiz Bayazitoglu. "Surface Tension Measurements of Non-Spherical Droplets Using Acoustic Levitation." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-55580.

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This paper deals with containerless thermophysical property measurement of deformed droplets. This work is partially motivated in the need for alternatives to study dynamic features of aggressive solvents that can damage certain instruments and/or yield incorrect results. Measurements of small-amplitude shape oscillations of droplets are carried out to obtain surface tension. The theoretical analysis, which is presented in detailed in a previous publication, studies the effect of static deformation due to an arbitrary external levitating force on the oscillations of a droplet, especially regarding the splitting of the frequency spectrum. Detailed explanation of the experimental apparatus is given. A novel experimental procedure is presented which includes the estimation of the droplet’s deformation transfer function magnitude. Experimental data and observations on the frequency splitting and surface tension of acoustically levitated samples are presented; in the initial experiments the surface tension measured came within 1% of the published values.
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Lewis, Kevin M., Randall L. Jackson, and David W. Carter. "Qualification and Acceptance Testing of a High-Speed Passenger Locomotive Using Instrumented Wheelsets." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-55123.

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New Jersey Transit’s (NJT) ALP-46 locomotives have been successfully introduced into revenue service. On April 7, 2003, NJT received Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) approval to operate at 100 mph on Amtrak’s Northeast Corridor. Bombardier Transportation (Holding) USA, Inc. supplied these all-electric locomotives after proving the safety and performance of their product by passing an aggressive test specification prescribed by the FRA. The FRA specifications call for strict dynamic performance and compliance with wheel/rail interaction forces. Transportation Technology Center, Inc. (TTCI), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Association of American Railroads (AAR), designed and constructed two instrumented wheelsets (IWS) for use on NJT’s ALP-46 Locomotive Project. This Cardan drive locomotive required an innovative wheelset design because the right and left wheel plate shapes were not the same. To complete this unique system, TTCI incorporated a new amplifier system that digitized all the signals and transmits them via a single fiber optic cable to the data collection and analysis computer. This system eliminated the need for traditional slip rings normally used to transmit signals from rotating equipment. The vehicle qualification tests were conducted on Bombardier’s ALP-4601 locomotive in Amtrak’s Northeast Corridor (NEC) from Newark, New Jersey, to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The maximum speed achieved was 110 mph and the maximum cant deficiency (CD) was 6 inches. The FRA criteria for the vehicle qualification test were pre-programmed into TTCI’s real-time data analysis system to produce exception reports every 3 minutes during the actual testing. All data and any exception reports are referenced to a milepost via Global Positioning System (GPS) signals that are incorporated as part of the data collection.
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Shinde, Sannmit, Ali P. Gordon, Zachary Poust, Steve Pitolaj, Jim Drago, and Paul Nichols. "Combined Statistical-Mechanical Characterization of a Next Generation Textured PTFE for Extreme Environments." In ASME 2018 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2018-84039.

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Pressurized vessels that transfer media from one location to another often contain a bolted connection. Gaskets are essential for these systems since they confer high levels of leak mitigation across of range of operating environments (i.e., internal pressure and temperature). The balance of both sealability and compressibility must be displayed in candidate gasket materials to be subjected to aggressive operating conditions. Historically, thin gauge gasket (i.e., 1/16” thick) confer high sealability while thick gaskets offer superior compressibility (i.e., 1/8”). Fabricated with skive cut, ceramic particle-reinforced PTFE, these materials display linear viscoelastic behavior that allow consolidation to occur. For example, GYLON® 3504 is filled with Aluminosilicate Microspheres, GYLON®3510 is filled with barium sulfate, respectively, to efficiently fill crevices along the surfaces of the flange. Novel textured PTFE gasket (3504 EPX and 3510 EPX) have been developed to simultaneously confer sealability and compressibility compared to flat products. A design of experiments (DoE) approach is applied to characterize the factors that influence load relaxation responses of the both candidate textured PTFE (dual-face honeycomb) and existing (flat) gasket styles. Using an instrumented test platform analyzed. A new parameter is presented to quantify gasket efficiency. The collection of efficiency measurement methods and approach to re-torque optimization convey a novel framework that designers can invoke to facilitate improved flange performance.
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