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Journal articles on the topic 'Instrumentation and Detectors'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 May 2024

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1

Ehrlich, Y., I. Levy, and M. Fraenkel. "Calibration of image plate and back illuminated charge coupled device detectors at the thermal emission band of high Z target laser produced plasmas (80–800 eV)." Review of Scientific Instruments 93, no. 8 (2022): 083510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0098781.

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We present a systematic method to absolutely calibrate detector efficiency vs photon energy using a laser produced plasma broadband x-ray source, a gold standard calibrated detector, and transmission gratings (TGs) as dispersive elements. Calibration uses one calibrated TG and a calibrated gold standard detector on one channel and a second calibrated TG and a detector to be calibrated on the other channel. Both channels simultaneously view the laser-produced plasma x-ray source from the same angle with respect to the laser beam and the planar target normal. Image plate detectors are calibrated

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2

Smith, Paul, John Gannon, and Frank Eggert. "New Technologies for Microanalysis and Element Imaging in THJ Scanning Electron Microscope." Microscopy and Microanalysis 7, S2 (2001): 884–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s143192760003049x.

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RÖNTEC’s UHV Dewar detectors have established new standards for high resolution, lowmaintenance, low operating cost, and reliability in Si(Li) X-ray detectors. Now, the recently introduced XFlash® series X-ray detectors are enabling new methodologies for microanalysis and element imaging in the SEM. These detectors are compact, liquid-nitrogen-free semiconductor Xray detectors that are based on Silicon Drift Diode (SDD) technology. XFlash detectors produce extraordinarily high count rates with excellent energy resolution and have introduced ultra-fast microanalysis and element mapping to the S

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3

Zhang, C., G. Wu, Z. Li, et al. "The response of an Al-¹⁰B₄C coupled neutron detector based on PIPS technology to Cf-252." Journal of Instrumentation 18, no. 11 (2023): P11005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/11/p11005.

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Abstract After decades of discussions, it has been firmly established that detectors made of silicon-based semiconductor materials can be effectively used for neutron detection by simply coating them with suitable substances. The incident thermal neutrons interact with the coating neutron-sensitive materials such as 10B and 6LiF, resulting in the production of secondary charged particles which can be effectively detected in the sequencial silicon substrate. In this article, the detector system was designed with a coupled neutron detector structure which combined a silicon detector with a 10B4C

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4

Meleshenkovskii, I., A. Borella, K. Van der Meer, et al. "Instrumentation effects on U and Pu CBNM standards spectra quality measured on a 500 mm3 CdZnTe and a 2×2 inch LaBr3 detectors." EPJ Web of Conferences 170 (2018): 07007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817007007.

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Nowadays, there is interest in developing gamma-ray measuring devices based on the room temperature operated medium resolution detectors such as semiconductor detectors of the CdZnTe type and scintillators of the LaBr3 type. This is true also for safeguards applications and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has launched a project devoted to the assessment of medium resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy for the verification of the isotopic composition of U and Pu bearing samples. This project is carried out within the Non-Destructive Assay Working Group of the European Safeguards Resear

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Ulbricht, Gerhard, Mario De Lucia, and Eoin Baldwin. "Applications for Microwave Kinetic Induction Detectors in Advanced Instrumentation." Applied Sciences 11, no. 6 (2021): 2671. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11062671.

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In recent years Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors (MKIDs) have emerged as one of the most promising novel low temperature detector technologies. Their unrivaled scalability makes them very attractive for many modern applications and scientific instruments. In this paper we intend to give an overview of how and where MKIDs are currently being used or are suggested to be used in the future. MKID based projects are ongoing or proposed for observational astronomy, particle physics, material science and THz imaging, and the goal of this review is to provide an easily usable and thorough list o

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Bilhorn, R. B., P. M. Epperson, J. V. Sweedler, and M. B. Denton. "Spectrochemical Measurements with Multichannel Integrating Detectors." Applied Spectroscopy 41, no. 7 (1987): 1125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702874447518.

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This is the second article in a two-part series describing the operation, performance characteristics, and spectroscopic application of charge transfer devices (CTDs) in analytical chemistry. The first article in the series describes the new generation of integrating multichannel detectors, the charge injection device (CID), and the charge-coupled device (CCD). The first article also discusses the spectroscopically pertinent characteristics of these detectors and presents performance data for representative devices. This article covers three major topics related to the optimum use of integrati

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7

Abramowicz, H., A. Abusleme, K. Afanaciev, et al. "Forward instrumentation for ILC detectors." Journal of Instrumentation 5, no. 12 (2010): P12002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/5/12/p12002.

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8

Patt, B. E., J. S. Iwanczyk, and C. R. Tull. "Characterization of Large-Area Silicon Drift Detectors at High Count Rates." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (2000): 728–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600036138.

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Silicon Drift Detectors (SDD) are being developed for analytical x-ray spectrometry having large active area, high-energy resolution and capability of operating at high counting rates. The development derives from the charged coupled device (CCD) for light-signal imaging, utilizing the extremely low capacitance of the detector and readout electronics and subsequent developments of silicon drift detectors for high-energy physics applications and more recently, x-ray spectroscopy applications. The now well-known advantage of the drift detector design is that, unlike traditional planar detectors,

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9

Hou, Qingfeng, Tianning Wang, Rui Zhao, et al. "Fast time response detectors of alpha particles fabricated using CVD diamonds." Journal of Instrumentation 18, no. 06 (2023): T06012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/06/t06012.

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Abstract Diamond with extraordinary properties, such as fast response, and extremely high thermal conductivity, is an ideal choice for the next generation radiation detectors. In this paper, a radiation detector based on a single crystal CVD diamond (3 mm × 3 mm × 200 μm) with (100) orientation is proposed to detect α radiation. The detector employs gold films on the diamond as an electrical contact, and the origin-symmetric current-voltage characteristics demonstrated excellent Ohmic contact behavior. At an electric field of 0.4 V/μm, a current dark value of 4 nA was measured. The detector's

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10

Kim, Sungjoon, Vikas Berry, Jessica Metcalfe, and Anirudha V. Sumant. "Thin film charged particle detectors." Journal of Instrumentation 18, no. 07 (2023): P07047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/07/p07047.

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Abstract Silicon tracking detectors have grown to cover larger surface areas up to hundreds of square meters, and are even taking over other sub-detectors, such as calorimeters. However, further improvements in tracking detector performance are more likely to arise from the ability to make a low mass detector comprised of a high ratio of active sensor to inactive materials, where dead materials include electrical services, cooling, mechanical supports, etc. In addition, the cost and time to build these detectors is currently large. Therefore, advancements in the fundamental technology of track

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11

Shilpa, A., S. Singh, and N. V. L. Narasimha Murty. "Spectroscopic performance of Ni/4H-SiC and Ti/4H-SiC Schottky barrier diode alpha particle detectors." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 11 (2022): P11014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/11/p11014.

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Abstract Advancement in the growth of 4H-SiC with low micropipe densities (∼ 0.11 cm-2) in achieving high pure epitaxial layers, enabled the development of high-resolution 4H-SiC alpha particle Schottky radiation detectors for harsh environments. In particular, the study considers two types of 4H-SiC radiation detectors having Ni and Ti as Schottky contacts. They are fabricated by depositing Ni and Ti on 25 μm thick n-type 4H-SiC by epitaxially growing on 350 μm thick conducting SiC substrates. Electrical characterization and alpha spectral measurements performed on Ni/4H-SiC and Ti/4H-SiC SBD

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12

Kurucova, N., A. Šagátová, M. Pavlovič, et al. "Experimental analysis of the electric field distribution in semi-insulating GaAs detectors via alpha particles." Journal of Instrumentation 19, no. 03 (2024): C03049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/03/c03049.

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Abstract Semi-insulating gallium arsenide (SI GaAs) detectors offer a promising alternative to commercially available silicon detectors. They demonstrate superior radiation hardness and provide improved efficiency for gamma and X-ray detection, primarily attributed to their higher density. In this study, we examined 350 μm thick SI GaAs detectors featuring front-side Ti/Pt/Au Schottky contacts with varying contact areas, complemented by back-side Ni/AuGe/Au ohmic contacts spanning the entire area. First, the reverse current-voltage characteristics of the prepared detectors were measured. The d

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Chakraborty, A., R. Kshetri, and A. S. Patra. "Modeling of U-shaped composite detectors." Journal of Instrumentation 16, no. 12 (2021): T12006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/16/12/t12006.

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Abstract We have investigated the basic operation of a composite detector comprising of elements arranged in the shape of an U-shaped rectangular well. Considering an isotropic scattering of gamma-rays and partial energy absorptions in up to four detector modules, expressions for the addback factor and the peak-to-total ratio have been obtained in terms of only one probability amplitude. We have compared the performance of two U-shaped detectors having different geometries and observed negligible gain in addback due to the longer arms. For completeness, comparisons have been made with composit

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Angelone, M., and P. Raj. "Practical considerations in developing nuclear detectors for tokamak harsh environments." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 07 (2022): C07004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/07/c07004.

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Abstract Fusion tokamaks (FT) and hybrid fusion-fission reactors (HFFR) present harsh working conditions characterized by intense neutron and gamma fluxes (>1012 cm−2 s−1), high working temperatures (up to 600 °C) and corrosive environment. The breeding blanket region (BB) of these plants are resulting very hostile to the detectors used to monitor/measure fundamental nuclear parameters such as neutron/gamma fluxes and energy spectra, and tritium production. Presently no detectors are ready for being hosted in the harsh environment of the BB and R&D activity is needed to develop and test

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15

Bilhorn, R. B., J. V. Sweedler, P. M. Epperson, and M. B. Denton. "Charge Transfer Device Detectors for Analytical Optical Spectroscopy—Operation and Characteristics." Applied Spectroscopy 41, no. 7 (1987): 1114–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702874447680.

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This article is the first in a two-part series describing the operation, characteristics, and application of a new class of solid-state multichannel UV-visible detectors. In this paper, charge transfer devices (CTDs) are described. Detector characteristics pertinent to spectroscopic application—including quantum efficiency, read noise, dark count rate, and available formats—are emphasized. Unique capabilities, such as the ability to nondestructively read out the detector array and the ability to alter the effective detector element size by a process called binning, are described. CTDs with pea

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16

Somlyo, Andrew P. "The Impact of Biological Microanalysis on Analytical Electron Microscopy." Microscopy and Microanalysis 4, S2 (1998): 170–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600020973.

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Advances in energy-dispersive detector technology were largely responsible for electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) becoming a valuable tool for biologists, while development of EPMA received much impetus from the special needs of biological research. Solid-state energy-dispersive detectors placed in close proximity to specimens in transmission electron microscopes (TEMs) provided the necessary geometric detection efficiency, hence sensitivity and higher spatial resolution, and the reasonably good energy resolution of these detectors permitted reliable separation of overlapping peaks, such as t

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17

Uyar, E., G. Aksoy, H. Ünlü, and M. H. Bölükdemir. "Investigation of the effect of copper contact pin on efficiency in HPGe detectors using Monte Carlo method." Journal of Instrumentation 16, no. 11 (2021): T11003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/16/11/t11003.

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Abstract The full energy peak efficiency (FEPE) determined by experimental or Monte Carlo (MC) simulation methods is a very important parameter in HPGe detectors. Since FEPE depends on the detector's geometric parameters, the parameters provided by the manufacturer are of great importance in modeling the detector with the MC method. The most important reason for the discrepancy between MC and experimental calculations is the lack of accurate information about the detector's geometric properties. The thickness of the copper contact pin in the middle of the detector hole is not given by the manu

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18

Natal da Luz, H., F. A. Souza, M. Moralles, et al. "Characterization of multilayer Thick-GEM geometries as 10B converters aiming thermal neutron detection." EPJ Web of Conferences 174 (2018): 01012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817401012.

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Boron-based thermal neutron detectors have recently regained some attention from the instrumentation community as a strong alternative to helium-3 detectors. From the existing concepts exploiting boron layers in position sensitive detectors, the Cascade [1] is the one that takes full advantage of the 2D capabilities of gaseous detectors, with the position resolution not limited by the architecture of the detector. In this work, a proposal for the Cascade detector, based on Thick-GEMs is presented, together with some preliminary studies of the suitable pitch that optimizes the neutron conversio

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Jirsa, J., J. Gecnuk, M. Havranek, et al. "Characterization of 3.2 Gbps readout in 65 nm CMOS technology." Journal of Instrumentation 18, no. 01 (2023): C01055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/01/c01055.

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Abstract A new class of photon-counting pixel detectors allows for capturing of an image in several photon energy bins in one shot. A decreased pixel pitch and an increased number of energy bins are needed to enhance the spatial and spectral resolution of the detector. This led to new requirements for the readout systems and their bandwidths, as more data is generated for the same detection area. Fast differential serial communication enables high-speed data rates, thus providing an ideal solution to transfer large amounts of data generated by the detector’s front-end electronics. However, its

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20

Salzmann, Hans, Per Nielsen, and Chris Gowers. "Digital single-photon-avalanche-diode arrays for time-of-flight Thomson scattering diagnostics." Review of Scientific Instruments 93, no. 8 (2022): 083517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0095252.

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The collection optics of Thomson scattering systems for plasma devices are designed with maximum possible étendue to keep the required laser energy low. If the spatial resolution along the laser beam is performed by a time-of-flight method, then the detectors, in addition to a large sensitive area, must offer a high frequency bandwidth. Up until now, only microchannel-plate photomultipliers meet these requirements. Here, we investigate the potential use of digital avalanche photodiode arrays operated in the Geiger mode as alternative detectors. In this mode of operation, each array will serve

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21

Dudas, D., V. Kafka, M. Marcisovsky, et al. "Radiation hardness of PantherPix hybrid pixel detector." Journal of Instrumentation 16, no. 12 (2021): P12007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/16/12/p12007.

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Abstract Hybrid pixel detectors (HPD) are nowadays well known and widely used in fundamental research, e.g. in high energy physics experiments. Over the last decade, segmented semiconductor detectors have also found use in medicine. The total doses received by medical radiation detectors often reach a significant level (up to several hundreds of kGy per decade), especially in applications such as transmission portal in-vivo dosimetry. Such doses might affect detector properties. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate their performance after absorbing a significant radiation dose. PantherPix is

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Delcourt, A., and G. Montémont. "GPU-accelerated CZT detector simulation with charge build-up effects." Journal of Instrumentation 18, no. 02 (2023): P02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/02/p02005.

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Abstract The simulation of semiconductor detectors is a key tool for developping and studying their behavior. In general, simulations of CZT detectors assume the crystal to be perfect, meaning that its properties are uniform. However, structural defects appearing in the crystal during growth modify these properties. Moreover, dynamic phenomena like polarization can appear. In particular, the electric field inside the detector can be disturbed by bulk charges, which creates uncertainties on measurement of incident photon energy and on interaction position estimated by sub-pixel positioning. One

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Svatos, Jakub, Josef Vedral, and Tomas Pospisil. "Advanced Instrumentation for Polyharmonic Metal Detectors." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 52, no. 5 (2016): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2015.2507780.

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Zareef, F., A. Oblakowska-Mucha, and T. Szumlak. "Silicon detectors beyond LHC — RD50 status report." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 11 (2022): C11004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/11/c11004.

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Abstract The last decade showed the leading role of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments in particle physics. To fully exploit its physics potential, the significant increase of LHC luminosity is planned. At the High luminosity Phase-II Upgrade (HL-LHC), foreseen for 2027, a peak instantaneous luminosity of 5 × 1034 cm−2, with an integrated luminosity of 3000 fb−1 is expected. The experiments will be subjected to radiation levels up to 2 × 1016 neq/cm2 at the innermost layers of the detectors. Since more than a decade the RD50 collaboration has been conducting a significant R&D prog

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Bormett, Richard W., and Sanford A. Asher. "2-D Light Diffraction from CCD and Intensified Reticon Multichannel Detectors Causes Spectrometer Stray Light Problems." Applied Spectroscopy 48, no. 1 (1994): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702944027561.

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Intensified diode arrays and charge-coupled detectors (CCD) which are used as multichannel detectors for spectroscopy exhibit strong 2-D diffraction of light due to the micro-channel plate intensifier and the CCD surface microelectronic structures. The strong 2-D diffraction of light by the intensified diode arrays shows hexagonal symmetry due to the hexagonal packing of the hollow glass fibers of the micro-channel plate intensifier. The 2-D diffraction of light from the CCD detectors shows square symmetry due to the almost square symmetry of the individual surface microelectronic structures.

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Oh, Seokwon, Seungjun Yoo, Hubeom Shin, Junho Lee, Dong Uk Kim, and Ho Kyung Kim. "Signal and noise analysis of a metal oxide transistor-based flat-panel detector." Journal of Instrumentation 18, no. 10 (2023): C10016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/10/c10016.

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Abstract Recently, metal-oxide thin-film transistor (TFT)-based flat-panel x-ray detectors have attracted attention owing to their fast readout times and low noise characteristics. We empirically analyzed the signal and noise characteristics of an indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) TFT-based detector in comparison with those of a conventional hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) TFT-based detector. We compared the large-area signal transfer functions of the detectors as a function of air kerma at their entrance surfaces. Signal and noise performances were evaluated by measuring the modulation

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Chandler, G. A., C. L. Ruiz, G. W. Cooper, et al. "Neutron time-of-flight detectors (nTOF) used at Sandia’s Z-Machine." Review of Scientific Instruments 93, no. 11 (2022): 113531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0101544.

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Neutron time-of-flight (nTOF) detectors have been used on Sandia National Laboratories’ Z-Machine for inertial confinement fusion and magnetized liner fusion experiments to infer physics parameters including the apparent fuel-ion temperature, neutron yield, the magnetic-radius product (BR), and the liner rho-r. Single-paddle, dual-paddle, and co-axial scintillation nTOF detectors are used in axial lines-of-sight (LOS) and LOS that are 12° from the midplane. Detector fabrication, characterization, and calibration are discussed.

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Mancini, Edoardo, Lorenzo Mussolin, Giulia Morettini, et al. "Collection of Silicon Detectors Mechanical Properties from Static and Dynamic Characterization Test Campaigns." Instruments 7, no. 4 (2023): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/instruments7040046.

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Physics research is constantly pursuing more efficient silicon detectors, often trying to develop complex and optimized geometries, thus leading to non-trivial engineering challenges. Although critical for this optimization, there are few silicon tile mechanical data available in the literature. In an attempt to partially fill this gap, the present work details various mechanical-related aspects of spaceborne silicon detectors. Specifically, this study concerns three experimental campaigns with different objectives: a mechanical characterization of the material constituting the detector(in ter

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Krzyżanowska, A., R. Szczygieł, P. Gryboś, J. Koczwara, K. Cisło, and A. Stasiak. "Charge sharing simulations and measurements for digital algorithms aiming at subpixel resolution in photon counting pixel detectors." Journal of Instrumentation 18, no. 02 (2023): C02024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/02/c02024.

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Abstract Hybrid pixel detectors are segmented devices used for X-ray detection that consist of a sensor attached to the readout electronics. Detectors working in single-photon counting mode process each incoming photon individually, have essentially infinite dynamic range, and by applying energy discrimination they provide noiseless imaging. To improve the resolution of the detector and allow operation with high-intensity photon fluxes, the pixel size is reduced. However, with decreasing pixel size, a charge sharing effect is more prominent. This leads to false event registration or omitting t

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Häußler, Matthias, Robin Terhaar, Martin A. Wolff, et al. "Scaling waveguide-integrated superconducting nanowire single-photon detector solutions to large numbers of independent optical channels." Review of Scientific Instruments 94, no. 1 (2023): 013103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0114903.

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Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors are an enabling technology for modern quantum information science and are gaining attractiveness for the most demanding photon counting tasks in other fields. Embedding such detectors in photonic integrated circuits enables additional counting capabilities through nanophotonic functionalization. Here, we show how a scalable number of waveguide-integrated superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors can be interfaced with independent fiber optic channels on the same chip. Our plug-and-play detector package is hosted inside a compact and porta

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Balkova, Y., M. Urbaniak, A. Makhnev, et al. "New beam position detectors for NA61/SHINE experiment." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 08 (2022): C08019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/08/c08019.

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Abstract NA61/SHINE is a multi-purpose fixed-target experiment located at the Super Proton Synchrotron at CERN. The main goals of the experiment include studies for physics of strong interactions, neutrino physics, and cosmic-rays physics. After the upgrade of the detector system, the experiment will collect data up to 1 kHz event rate. The development of new detectors, used to measure the positions of incoming beam particles in the transverse plane, is a crucial part of the upgrade. Two new kinds of beam position detectors are prepared and tested. One of them is the scintillating fiber detect

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Kim, Jeongho, and Byungdo Park. "Feasibility of SiPM and CsI(Tl) based radiation detector with light guide for measurement of radioactivation in a linear accelerator." Journal of Instrumentation 18, no. 09 (2023): T09005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/09/t09005.

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Abstract In this work, a prototype radiation detector was developed using SiPM, a large-sized CsI(Tl) scintillator, and various lengths of light guides, and its performance was evaluated. The conducted studies show that the tested prototype exhibited an enhanced energy resolution improved energy resolution when a 20 mm light guide was used, with respect to the case in which no light guide was employed. Additionally, the radiation detector demonstrated higher detection efficiency compared to other radiation detectors fabricated in this work. The radiation detector prototype under test and equip

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Friedrich, S., C. A. Mears, B. Nideröst, et al. "Superconducting Tunnel Junction Array Development for High-Resolution Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy." Microscopy and Microanalysis 4, no. 6 (1998): 616–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s143192769898059x.

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Cryogenic energy-dispersive X-ray detectors are being developed because of their superior energy resolution (10 eV FWHM for keV X-rays) compared to that achieved in semiconductor energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS) systems. So far, their range of application is limited because of their comparably small size and low count rate. We present data on the development of superconducting tunnel junction (STJ) detector arrays to address both of these issues. A single STJ detector has a resolution of around 10 eV below 1 keV and can be operated at count rates of the order 10,000 counts/sec. We show tha

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Fanelli, C., and A. Mahmood. "Artificial Intelligence for imaging Cherenkov detectors at the EIC." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 07 (2022): C07011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/07/c07011.

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Abstract Imaging Cherenkov detectors form the backbone of particle identification (PID) at the future Electron Ion Collider (EIC). Currently all the designs for the first EIC detector proposal use a dual Ring Imaging CHerenkov (dRICH) detector in the hadron endcap, a Detector for Internally Reflected Cherenkov (DIRC) light in the barrel, and a modular RICH (mRICH) in the electron endcap. These detectors involve optical processes with many photons that need to be tracked through complex surfaces at the simulation level, while for reconstruction they rely on pattern recognition of ring images. T

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Wollman, D. A., Dale E. Newbury, S. W. Nam, et al. "Microcalorimeter EDS: Benefits and Drawbacks." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (2000): 738–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600036187.

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The commercial introduction of high-count-rate, near-room-temperature silicon drift detectors (presently available) and high-energy-resolution cryogenic microcalorimeters (forthcoming) is an exciting development in x-ray microanalysis, in which detector choices and capabilities have been essentially stable for many years. Both of these new energy-dispersive detectors promise improved capabilities for specific applications, e.g., faster EDS mapping (silicon drift detectors) and nanoscale particle analysis (microcalorimeters). In this paper, we briefly examine some of the important benefits and

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Mazon, D., D. Colette, E. Soudet, et al. "Using low voltage ionization chamber (LVIC) in current mode for energy spectrum reconstruction: Experiments and validation." Review of Scientific Instruments 93, no. 11 (2022): 113544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0105345.

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Due to the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) radiative environment, in particular during high D–T power phase, classic x-ray detectors, such as semiconductor diodes, might be too fragile and are thus not viable. Instead, robust detectors, such as gas-filled detectors, are nowadays considered. The Low Voltage Ionization Chamber (LVIC) is one of the most promising candidates for x-ray measurement during the ITER nuclear phase. A complete model of the detector, recently developed at IRFM (Intitute for Research on Magnetic Fusion), now requires experimental validation. Experi

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Zaluzec, Nestor J. "Detector Solid Angle Formulas for Use in X-Ray Energy Dispersive Spectrometry." Microscopy and Microanalysis 15, no. 2 (2009): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927609090217.

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AbstractWith the advent of silicon drift X-ray detectors, a range of new geometries has become possible in electron optical columns. Because of their compact size, these detectors can potentially achieve high geometrical collection efficiencies; however, using traditional approximations detector solid angle calculations rapidly break down and at times can yield nonphysical values. In this article we present generalized formulas that can be used to calculate the variation in detection solid angle for contemporary Si(Li) as well as new silicon drift configurations.

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Gorordo, Thomas, Simon Knapen, Benjamin Nachman, Dean J. Robinson, and Adi Suresh. "Geometry optimization for long-lived particle detectors." Journal of Instrumentation 18, no. 09 (2023): P09012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/09/p09012.

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Abstract The proposed designs of many auxiliary long-lived particle (LLP) detectors at the LHC call for the instrumentation of a large surface area inside the detector volume, in order to reliably reconstruct tracks and LLP decay vertices. Taking the CODEX-b detector as an example, we provide a proof-of-concept optimization analysis that demonstrates the required instrumented surface area can be substantially reduced for many LLP models, while only marginally affecting the LLP signal efficiency. This optimization permits a significant reduction in cost and installation time, and may also infor

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Barbot, Loïc, Jean-François Villard, Stéphane Fourrez, Laurent Pichon, and Hamid Makil. "The Self-Powered Detector Simulation ‘MATiSSe’ Toolbox applied to SPNDs for severe accident monitoring in PWRs." EPJ Web of Conferences 170 (2018): 08001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817008001.

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In the framework of the French National Research Agency program on nuclear safety and radioprotection, the ‘DIstributed Sensing for COrium Monitoring and Safety’ project aims at developing innovative instrumentation for corium monitoring in case of severe accident in a Pressurized Water nuclear Reactor. Among others, a new under-vessel instrumentation based on Self-Powered Neutron Detectors is developed using a numerical simulation toolbox, named ‘MATiSSe’. The CEA Instrumentation Sensors and Dosimetry Lab developed MATiSSe since 2010 for Self-Powered Neutron Detectors material selection and g

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McLean, Ian S., Ding-Qiang Su, Thomas Armstrong, et al. "Commission 9: Instrumentation and Techniques: (Instrumentation et Techniques)." Transactions of the International Astronomical Union 24, no. 1 (2000): 316–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0251107x00003266.

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The last triennium, and coincidentally the last few years of the 20th century, has been a most remarkable time for Commission 9, and for astronomy in general. Ground-based astronomy in particular has received an enormous boost due to the arrival of an astonishing array of new telescopes, novel instruments and innovative techniques. For those of us closely involved in developing new observatories, instrumentation or detectors, the last few years have been rather hectic! As an astronomer with a long-time interest in the development of new instruments, what amazes me is the breadth of technology

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Higinbotham, D. W. "EIC detector overview." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 02 (2022): C02018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/02/c02018.

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Abstract The Electron Ion Collider will have two interaction regions that can be instrumented with detectors. The first region will be instrumented as part of the project and needs to be capable of delivering the physics that has been outlined by the National Academy of Sciences and ready at the start of beam commissioning near the end of this decade. Plans for a second complementary detector to be located at a second interaction region are already in progress and will hopefully come to fruition just few years after the first detector comes online. While the basic parameters of these detectors

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Bressan, A., S. Carrato, C. Chatterjee, et al. "The high voltage system the novel MPGD-based photon detectors of COMPASS RICH-1 and its development towards a scalable HVPSS for MPGDs." Journal of Instrumentation 18, no. 07 (2023): C07014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/07/c07014.

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Abstract The COMPASS RICH-1 detector underwent major upgrade in 2016 with the installation of four novel MPGD-based photon detectors. They consist of large-size hybrid MPGDs with multi-layer architecture composed of two layers of Thick-GEMs and bulk resistive Micromegas. A dedicated high voltage power supply system, realized with commercial devices, has been put in operation to protect the detectors against errors by the operator, monitor and log voltages and currents at a 1 Hz rate, and automatically react to detector misbehavior; it includes also the HV compensation for the detector gas pres

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Jash, A., L. Moleri, and S. Bressler. "Electrical breakdown in Thick-GEM based WELL detectors." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 11 (2022): P11004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/11/p11004.

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Abstract The occurrence of electrical discharges in gas detectors restricts their dynamic range and degrades their performance. Among the different methods developed to mitigate discharge effects, the use of resistive materials in the detector assembly was found to be very effective. In this work, we present the results of a comparative study of electrical discharges in Thick-GEM-based WELL-type detectors — with and without resistive elements. We present a new method to measure discharges in the resistive-detector configurations; it allows demonstrating, for the first time, the occurrence of d

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Miller, M. K. "A Transparent Anode Array Detector for 3d Atom Probes." Microscopy and Microanalysis 4, S2 (1998): 80–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600020523.

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In a three dimensional atom probe, the identity and spatial coordinates of the atoms field evaporated from the specimen are determined. Their identity is calculated from the flight time from the specimen to the single atom detector. The x and y coordinates of the atom in the specimen are determined from the coordinates of its impact position on the position-sensitive detector and the z coordinate is determined from its position in the evaporation sequence. These data may then be reconstructed to visualize and quantify the distribution of all the elements in the specimen. Several types of posit

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Friel, John J. "EDS from then Till Now—A Chronology of Innovation." Microscopy and Microanalysis 4, S2 (1998): 164–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600020948.

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Since its introduction in 1968 on both the EPMA and SEM, the energy-dispersive spectrometer has become widely used from research laboratories to production testing. It has become the mainstay for microanalysis in many scientific disciplines. A discussion of energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS) logically divides into two lines of development: X-ray detector/hardware and X-ray analyzer/software. Of the several types of EDS detectors, only Si(Li) and intrinsic germanium detectors (IG) will be covered in this review, as they are the most common on electron microscopes.The 1960s— The use of a solid

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Wan, S., H. Yang, J. Zhu, et al. "Design and characterization of multichannel front-end electronics for detectors at HIRFL and HIAF." Journal of Instrumentation 18, no. 11 (2023): C11006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/11/c11006.

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Abstract A multichannel front-end readout electronics (MFEE) has been designed for readout in detectors in the heavy ion facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL) and the high-intensity heavy-ion accelerator facility (HIAF). With 40 different adjustable gains, this MFEE can meet the need for most of the experiment. One MFEE can read and process the output signals of 128 channels of a detector at the same time. MFEE is based on the AD8488 chip and uses Xilinx Kintex 7 series FPGA, combined with the periphery circuits design, to complete the detector's output charge signal readout. This paper will discuss the

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Pfeiffer, D., F. Brunbauer, V. Cristiglio, et al. "Demonstration of Gd-GEM detector design for neutron macromolecular crystallography applications." Journal of Instrumentation 18, no. 04 (2023): P04023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/04/p04023.

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Abstract The European Spallation Source (ESS) in Lund, Sweden will become the world's most powerful thermal neutron source. The Macromolecular Diffractometer (NMX) at the ESS requires three 51.2 × 51.2 cm2 detectors with reasonable detection efficiency, sub-mm spatial resolution, a narrow point-spread function (PSF), and good time resolution. This work presents measurements with the improved version of the NMX detector prototype consisting of a Triple-GEM (Gas Electron Multiplier) detector with a natural Gd converter and a low material budget readout. The detector was successfully tested at th

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Richardson, Robert L., Husheng Yang, and Peter R. Griffiths. "Effects of Detector Nonlinearity on Spectra Measured on Three Commercial FT-IR Spectrometers." Applied Spectroscopy 52, no. 4 (1998): 572–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702981943897.

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The effect of the nonlinear response of mercury-cadmium-telluride (MCT) detectors has been evaluated on three commercial Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometers. The greater the photon flux and the photon flux density, and the smaller the area of the detector on which the source image is focused, the greater are the effects of the nonlinearity. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of spectra measured with an MCT detector under conditions of high photon flux and, especially, high photon flux density is significantly less than the SNR calculated by using the manufacturer's D* value. Detector

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Gonzalez-Sevilla, S. "The new monolithic ASIC of the preshower detector for di-photon measurements in the FASER experiment at CERN." Journal of Instrumentation 18, no. 02 (2023): C02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/02/c02002.

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Abstract The ForwArd Search ExpeRiment (FASER) is an experiment searching for new light and weakly-interacting particles at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider. FASER is composed of different sub-detectors, including silicon microstrip detectors, scintillator counters and an electromagnetic calorimeter. In this paper, a new preshower detector for the FASER experiment is presented. The new detector, based on monolithic pixel ASICs, will provide excellent spatial and time resolutions and a large charge dynamic range. First results from a prototype chip produced by IHP in 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS technology a

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Boyarintsev, A., A. De Roeck, S. Dolan, et al. "Demonstrating a single-block 3D-segmented plastic-scintillator detector." Journal of Instrumentation 16, no. 12 (2021): P12010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/16/12/p12010.

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Abstract Three-dimensional finely grained plastic scintillator detectors bring many advantages in particle detectors, allowing a massive active target which enables a high-precision tracking of interaction products, excellent calorimetry and a sub-nanosecond time resolution. Whilst such detectors can be scaled up to several-tonnes, as required by future neutrino experiments, a relatively long production time, where each single plastic-scintillator element is independently manufactured and machined, together with potential challenges in the assembly, complicates their realisation. In this manus

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