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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Instrumentering'
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Brøtan, Vegard. "Instrumentering av dempede borstenger." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for produksjons- og kvalitetsteknikk, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-12817.
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Målet med prosjektet var å finne og teste alternative måter for overvåkning av lange borstenger. Det har i en tidligere rapport med navn ”Innvendig maskinering av jetmotorakslinger” blitt drøftet bruken av strekklapper til dette formålet. Her er det fortatt enkle tester med en stål-aksling, noe som førte til relativt gode resultater. Hensikten med dette prosjektet var derfor å videreutvikle denne idéen, og å lage et system som kunne testes på en borstang i en innvendig bearbeidings-operasjon. For å komme frem til et resultat ble det sett på oppbygningen og de strukturelle utfordringene på stangen og i systemet som skulle bygges, deretter ble det blitt gjort et studie av strekklapper. Dette har ført til at det er blitt bygd to små billige systemer for å teste hvilke problemstillinger som er aktuelle for det fremtidige systemet. Her er det funnet klare svar på hvilke deler i dette systemet som ikke var gode nok, nemlig oppløsning i ADCen (analog til digital konverter) og overføringshastigheten til styring eller PC. På samme tid har det blitt bygd et system med basis i LabView og National Instruments-deler. Dette systemet hadde en rekke svakheter som er bemerket i oppgaven. Systemet ble testet med tre forskjellige kutt og to forskjellige skjær. Ut fra disse tester er det gjort et studie av hvordan systemet kan kobles opp mot en maskinstyring, da det i alle tester er satt opp en kobling inn til en datamaskin, som grafisk viser strekk, omregning til akselerasjon og frekvensplanet. Fra de observasjoner og den kunnskapen som er gitt fra prosjektet har det blitt foreslått videre arbeid som kan gjøres for å utnytte og forbedre det arbeid som allerede er gjort, slik at systemet kan implementeres i en praktisk produksjons situasjon.
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Ronquist, Ludwig. "Narrativ instrumentering i film : En undersökning om hur instrumenteringen påverkar musikens berättande funktion i film." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Ljud- och musikproduktion, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-24565.
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Denna uppsats handlar om huruvida instrumentering i filmmusik har en betydelse för hur vi tolkar en berättelse. Syftet med uppsatsen är att försöka bidra med en ökad förståelse för hur instrumenteringen i musik till bild påverkar narrativet själv. I undersökningen ingick 40 personer från Högskolan Dalarna och de fick göra ett lyssningstest med tillhörande enkät med både slutna och öppna frågor. Testdeltagarna fick se tre versioner av ett klipp ur filmen Into the Wild. En version var tyst, till de andra två hade författaren själv komponerat ett musikstycke, som instrumenterats på två olika sätt, en version med stråkar och en version med populärmusiksintrument. Musiken i sig är alltså likadan i båda versionerna, det enda som skiljer är vilka instrument som spelar. I resultatet redovisas både kvantitativa och kvalitativa data som ger en inblick i hur instrumenteringen påverkar publikindividen. Undersökningen visade att vissa instrument har en högre betydelsepotential för vissa känslor, version stråkar visade på hög potential för att förmedla heroiska känslor och version populär visade på en tolkning som lutade mer åt tuffa, hårda känslor. Vidare förklaras även hur subjektiv en tolkning av ett klipp kan vara med hänsyn till instrumenteringen.
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Dahlen, Adrian, and Tor Martin Lystad. "Instrumentering av Bergsøysundbrua og Gjemnesundbrua." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for konstruksjonsteknikk, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-22401.
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Gjemnessundbrua og Bergsøysundbrua på Europavei E39 i Møre og Romsdal, skal instrumenteres for identifikasjon av strukturelle og dynamiske egenskaper. Denne rapporten omhandler dokumentasjon og beskrivelse av det utførte arbeidet ved monteringen av måleutstyret. Det er også gjort analyser av de ulike konstruksjonsdelene akselerometersensorer og anemometre er montert på. Til slutt er de initielle responssignalene fra systemet behandlet, der egenfrekvenser og dempningsegenskaper til bruene blir estimert.Systemet som er montert på de to bruene består av både akselerometre og anemometre. Gjemnessundbrua instrumenteres med syv målenoder av to akselerometre per node, og Bergsøysundbrua instrumenteres med fire noder av to akselerometre. I tillegg monteres det opp ett anemometer per bru nær midten av bruspennet.Mulige forstyrrelser i vindmålinger og måling av uinteressante akselerasjoner er kartlagt for å ha en bred informasjonsbase å basere måleresultatene på. Dette innebærer mulige måleforstyrrelser av vindhastigheter blant annet grunnet lokale vibrasjoner fra konstruksjonsdelene anemometeret er montert i, og kartlegging av de lokale egenfrekvensene til konstruksjonsdelene akselerometrene er montert på. For å kunne kartlegge disse forstyrrelsene er det gjennomført ulike analyser og forsøk. Anemometrene monteres med en utkragende brakett fra hengestengene på Gjemnessundbrua, og fra lysmaster på Bergsøysundbrua. Disse brakettene er analysert for å identifisere egenfrekvenser, dempningsegenskaper og respons fra vindlaster. Brakettene hadde i utgangspunktet en svært lav dempningsgrad, og dette har blitt adressert i denne oppgaven. Det er innført dempningstiltak ved å benytte gummimaterialer ved taktiske steder i konstruksjonen slik at dempningen økes. Det er gjort vibrasjonsforsøk for ulike gummimengder for å se hvilken effekt en øket mengde av det viskoelastiske materialet vil ha på konstruksjonens dempningsegenskaper. Akselerometrene på Gjemnessundbrua er montert på tverrskott inne i brukassen i hovedspennet. For å kunne gjenkjenne responsen som skyldes lokale vibrasjoner er det gjort FEM-analyser av disse skottene. Det er også gjennomført vibrasjonstester av tverrskottene for å verifisere disse analysene. Akselerometrene på Bergsøysundbrua er montert på undergurtene av fagverket. Det er også gjort analyser av disse fagverksstavene for å estimere egenfrekvensene som skyldes lokal vibrasjon av disse konstruksjonsdelene.Vindmålingsforstyrrelsene som kan forventes grunnet lokal strukturell vibrasjon ligger noe høyere enn presisjonen til anemometeret, og ved ekstreme vindforhold vil det kunne forventes vesentlige forstyrrelser. Dette er et større problem der anemometrene monteres i lysmaster på Bergsøysundbrua enn for hengestengene på Gjemnessundbrua. Når det gjelder egenfrekvensene til lokal vibrasjon av konstruksjonsdelene akselerometrene monteres på, ligger disse betraktelig høyere enn de interessante egenfrekvensene for global vibrasjon av bruene. Frekvensdelen av responssignalene der disse frekvensene vil blande seg inn i de globale egenfrekvensene til bruene kan dermed lett filtreres ut ved signalbehandlinger.De første responssignalene fra systemet er analysert. Her benyttes peak picking-metoden for å trekke ut mulige egenfrekvenstopper av auto-spektraltettheter fra responssignalene. Disse spektraltetthetene estimeres ved bruk av både Welch metode og Burgs metode. Videre knyttes de målte egenfrekvensene opp imot frekvensene beregnet i tidligere FEM-analyser av bruene, og verifiseres ved å kreve en høy koherens og fasevinkler nær 0 eller 180 grader mellom to ulike signaler. Basert på disse analysene viser det seg at de målte egenfrekvensene stemmer relativt godt med de tidligere beregnede frekvensene. Dette er spesielt tilfellet for Gjemnessundbrua, men også egenfrekvensene til Bergsøysundbrua ligger relativt nærme de modellerte frekvensene.
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Bjørntvedt, Edgar. "Instrumentering av autonomt ubemannet fly: CyberSwan." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Engineering Cybernetics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-10369.
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<p>Målet med CyberSwan er å lage en generell plattform for et autonomt ubemannet fly. Gjennom arbeidet som er beskrevet i denne rapporten er det kommet frem til et egnet instrumenteringsplattform for CyberSwan. Med instrumenteringssystemet som er beskrevet, styres flyet i utgangspunktet manuelt, men med en bryter på en manuell modellflyradiosender settes flyet i autonom modus. CyberSwan styrer seg selv så lenge denne bryteren holdes inne. Instrumenteringssystemet er bygget rundt en PC/104 plattform som består av en PC/104 CPU enhet med lagring på et 2.0 GB Compact Flash-kort. Det er utviklet et IO-kort til PC/104 enheten som gjør det mulig å koble til IMU, GPS, pitotrør, mottager for manuell styring og seks servoer til alle rorene og fartsregulator i CyberSwan. Strømforsyningen til instrumenteringssystemet er også lagt på dette IO-kortet. Styringssystemet kjøres på PC/104 enheten under Linux. Det er lagt inn programvare som gjør det mulig å overføre filer og starte opp styressystemet over Ethernet. Det er utviklet en plattform i Simulink hvor CyberSwan sitt styresystem kan legges til. Denne plattformen inneholder blokker som kommuniserer med alle IO-enhetene i CyberSwan. Denne plattformen er godt beskrevet sammen med utviklingsmiljøet som ble brukt på arbeidsstasjonen. CyberSwan sin viktigste målenhet er IMU. IMUen gir tilstrekkelig informasjon til at CyberSwan sitt styresystem kan stabilisere flyet mot en gitt retning. Denne IMUen er testet med gode resultater sammen med utviklet pådragsorgan til servoene under autonom flyvning. Det er funnet frem til en GPS-modul som egner seg i CyberSwan. Modulen er liten og enkel å bruke, og den er integrert i plattformen i Simulink. Det er også funnet frem til en trykksensor som egner seg å bruke i et pitotrør for måling av hastighet. Denne målingen er ikke fullstendig integrert i instrumenteringssystemet, men trykkmåleren er testet og det er laget tilkobling til trykksensoren på IO-kortet. Det er laget en mottaksenhet for seks servosignaler som er integrert i plattformen i Simulink. Når en modellflymottager kobles til disse inngangene, får styresystemet tilgang til servopådragene under manuell styring. Styresystemet vil dermed til en hver tid kjenne servoenes posisjon selv under manuell styring. En komponent på IO-kortet fungerer ikke som forventet slik at en ikke får utnyttet det fulle potensiale IO-kortet har. Komponenten gjør at det ikke er mulig å måle manuelle servosignaler fra mottager under autonom flyvning. Dette er ikke kritisk for å kunne fly autonomt, men gir begrenset loggemuligheter og kompliserer bruken av CyberSwan. Denne enheten bør derfor byttes ut med en annen enheten i et eventuelt oppfølgingsprosjekt. Det gjenstår en del arbeid for å fullføre integreringen av alle målingene i CyberSwan sitt instrumenteringssystem, men grunnlaget er lagt og resultatene viser at de delene som er fullført, fungerer som forventet.</p>
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Gjersdal, Jan. "Instrumentering og styring av produksjonsprosess for plankton." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for teknisk kybernetikk, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-14084.
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I denne oppgaven er det presentert instrumentering og reguleringssystem av produksjonsprosess for plankton. Systemet er utviklet og implementering med to tanker for produksjon av planktonet rotatorier. PC brukes som styresystem og grensesnitt mot bruker. Regulering av rotatorietetthet med en ny strategi for tilførsel av fôr og vann er implementert og testet. Systemet fungerte tilfredsstillende foruten den nye strategien som trenger mer testing for å fungere optimalt.
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Ahlström, Marcus. "Online-instrumentering på avloppsreningsverk : status idag och effekter av givarfel på reningsprocessen." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-351372.
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Effektiviteten av automatiserade reningsprocesser inom avloppsreningsverk beror ytterst på kvaliteten av de mätdata som fås från installerade instrument. Givarfel påverkar verkens styrning och är ofta anledningen till att olika reglerstrategier fallerar. Idag saknas standardiserade riktlinjer för hur instrumenteringsarbetet på svenska reningsverk bör organiseras vilket ger begränsade förutsättningar för reningsverken att resurseffektivt nå sina utsläppskrav. Mycket forskning har gjorts på att optimera olika reglerstrategier men instrumentens roll i verkens effektivitet har inte givits samma uppmärksamhet. Syftet med detta examensarbete har varit att undersöka hur instrumentering på reningsverk kan organiseras och struktureras för att säkerställa mätdata av god kvalitet och att undersöka effekter av givarfel på reningsprocessen. Inom arbetet genomfördes en litteraturstudie där instrumentering på reningsverk under-söktes. Effekter av givarfel på reningsprocessen undersöktes genom att simulera en fördenitrifikationsprocess i Benchmark Simulation Model no. 2 där bias och drift implementerades i olika givare. Simuleringar visade att positiva bias (0,10–0,50 mg/l) i en ammoniumgivare inom en kaskadreglering bidrar till att öka luftförbrukningen med cirka 4–25 %. Vidare resulterade alla typer av fel i DO-givare i den sista aeroba bassängen i en markant större påverkan på reningsprocessen än samma fel i DO-givare i någon av de tidigare aeroba bassängerna. Om den sista aeroba bassängen är designad för att hålla lägre syrehalter är DO-givaren i den bassängen den viktigaste DO-givaren att underhålla. Positiva bias (200–1 000 mg/l) i TSS-givare som används för att styra uttaget av överskottsslam bidrog till kraftiga ökningar av mängden ammonium med cirka 29–464 % i utgående vatten. Negativ drift i DO-givare visade att stora besparingar i luftningsenergi, cirka 4 %, var möjliga genom ett mer frekvent underhåll av DO-givarna. Huruvida ett instrument lider av ett positivt eller negativt givarfel, bias eller drift, kommer att påverka hur mycket och i vilken mån reningsprocessen påverkas. Studien av givarfel visade att effekten av ett positivt eller ett negativt fel varierade och att effekten på reningsprocessen inte var linjär. Effekten av givarfel på reningsprocessen kommer i slutändan att bero på den implementerade reglerstrategin, inställningar i regulatorerna och på den styrda processen.<br>The effectiveness of automated treatment processes within wastewater treatment plants ultimately depend on the quality of the measurement data that is given from the installed sensors. Sensor faults affect the control of the treatment plants and are often the reason different control strategies fail. Today there is a lack of standardized guidelines for how to organize and work with online sensors at Swedish wastewater treatment plants which limits the opportunities for treatment plants to reach their effluent criteria in a resource efficient manner. Much research has been done on ways to optimize control strategies but the role of sensors in the efficiency of the treatment plants has not been given the same level of attention. The purpose of this thesis has been to examine how instrumentation at wastewater treatment plants can be organized and structured to ensure good quality measurement data and to examine how sensor faults affect the treatment process. Within the thesis a literature study was conducted where instrumentation at wastewater treatment plants was examined. The effects of sensor faults were examined by simulating a pre-denitrification process in Benchmark Simulation Model no. 2 where off-sets (biases) and drift where added to measurements from different implemented sensors. The simulations showed that positive off-sets (0.10–0.50 mg/l) in an ammonium sensor within a cascaded feedback-loop adds to the energy consumption used for aeration by roughly 4-25%. It could further be shown that all types of faults in a DO sensor in the last aerated basin had significantly larger effect on the treatment process than the same fault in any of the other DO sensors in the preceding basins. If the last aerated basin is designed to have low DO concentrations the DO sensor in that basin is the most important DO sensor to maintain. Positive off-sets (200–1 000 mg TSS/l) in suspended solids sensors used for control of waste activated sludge flow contributed to large increases of ammonia, by 29-464%, in effluent waters. Negative drift in DO sensors showed that significant savings in aeration energy, roughly 4%, was possible to achieve with more frequent maintenance. Whether a sensor is affected by a positive or a negative fault, be it off-set or drift, will affect how much and in what way the treatment process will be affected. The study of sensor faults showed that the effect of a positive or a negative fault varied and that the effect on the treatment process was not linear. The effect of a sensor fault on the treatment process will ultimately depend on the implemented control strategy, settings in the controllers and on the controlled process.
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Oreborn, Ulf. "IR spectroscopy for vibrational modes : A semi-classical approach based on classical electrodynamicsand modern quantum mechanics." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för fysik och elektroteknik (IFE), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-78144.
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The atoms of a molecule are always restless and are constantly moving in one way or another.Apart from rotations and translations, they may vibrate in many different modes. They may moveradially toward or from each other, so called stretching. This can be done symmetrically or asymmetrically.The angels between a pair of atoms may change seen from a common atom, so calledbending. This may be done in a common plane like scissoring or rocking, or out of plane like waggingor twisting.Anyhow, it is of interest to study these movements — since they work as a fingerprint of themolecule. Two methods for studying these behavior are Raman- and IR-spectroscopy. Some vibrations,such as symmetric stretching, are mainly seen using Raman spectroscopy (Raman active); whilebending and asymmetric stretching are primarily detected by IR spectroscopy (IR active) However,all types of combinations exist, so there are no watertight compartments between them. Instead, themethods are complementary to each other.In this article, I build up a semi-classical model of the vibrations for the case of IR-spectroscopy,and implement it in Mathematica to test the model. It is based on classical physics such as vibratingspringmechanics and Maxwell’s electrodynamics, but the vibrations are computed using modernphysics quantum mechanics. Since there are several atoms involved (say N) and the vibrations betweenthese atoms are in 3 dimensions, this may be described by 3N coupled 1-dimensional harmonicoscillators. By suitable transformations these oscillators are uncoupled, but results in a wave functionwhich is the product of 3N eigenfunctions, one for each oscillator’s eigenfunction of a given mode.Adding a time varying electric field (the IR-illumination), we need the time dependent SchrödingerEquation, where the potential is time varying sinusoidally. Necessary perturbation theory for suchtime dependency is described in some details, and an expression for the dipole moment needed forthe estimation of the IR absorption by the molecule is given. However, the model also depend onthe electrons’ orbitals and the total bond energy within the molecule. These are given by a DFT(Density Functional Theory) computer code, which serve as input to my calculations.The standard approach to do IR-spectrum calculations is to use DFT also to move the atoms inthe directions of the vibrations and compute how the dipole moments for the molecules change. Mymethod is instead to use SE directly for the many vibrating particle problem based on the knownexact solutions to the one dimensional harmonic oscillator. This is followed by perturbation theoryfor the time dependency of the IR-field to get the dipole moments.The drawback with my approach is that the electron clouds around the atoms are not affectedat all by the vibrations, they just follow the nuclei. The DFT approach takes care of the changingelectron density functions. However, my approach solves the vibrational problem more directly withthe SE and takes care of the time dependent potential using perturbation theory.Computational results for seven molecules containing between 2 and 11 atoms are shown andcompared with spectroscopic parameters and measurements compiled by established references. Theconclusion is that my model and computational output are well in accordance with these references,and some shortcomings and possible enhancements are pointed out. The drawback with the electronclouds might affect the absorption levels of the vibrations rather than their energies and are possiblein future work to take into account.<br><p>Till minne av Ulf Oreborn (1957-2018)</p>
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Broekhuijsen, Sjoerd. "11B4C containing Ni/Ti neutron multilayer mirrors." Licentiate thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tunnfilmsfysik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-174637.
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The work in this thesis covers the design, growth and characterisation of neutron multilayers. The performance of these multilayers is highly dependent on the obtained interface width between the layers, even a modest improvement can offer a substantial increase in reflectivity performance. As multilayers are such an integral component of many neutron optical instruments, any improvement in terms of reflectivity performance has broad implications for all neutron scattering experiments. This project has been carried out with the construction of the European Spallation Source (ESS) in mind, but the principles extend to all neutron scattering sources. Ni/Ti is the conventional material system of choice for neutron optical components due to the high contrast in scattering length density (SLD). The reflected intensity of such components is largely dependent on the interface width, caused by the formation of nanocrystallites, interdiffusion, and/or intermixing. Apart from hampering the reflectivity performance, the finite interface width between the layers also limits the minimum usable layer thickness in the mirror stack. The formation of nanocrystallites has been eliminated by co-depositing of B4C . This has been combined with a modulated ion assistance scheme to smoothen the interfaces. X-ray reflectivity (XRR) measurements show significantly improvements compared to pure Ni/Ti multilayers. This has further been investigated using low neutron-absorbing 11B4C instead. After deposition, the 11B4C containing films have been characterized using neutron reflectometry, X-ray reflectivity, transmission electron microscopy, elastic recoil detection analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. A large part of his work has focused on fitting X-ray and neutron reflectivity measurements in order to obtain structural parameters. The fits to the experimental data suggest a significant improvement in interface width for the samples that have been co-deposited with 11B4C using a modulated ion assistance scheme during deposition. Any accumulation of roughness has been eliminated, and the average initial interface width at the first bilayer has been reduced from 6.3 Å to 4.5 Å per bilayer. The respective reflectivity performance for these structural parameters have been simulated for a neutron supermirror (N = 5000) for both materials at a neutron wavelength at λ = 3 Å using the IMD software. The predicted reflectivity performance for the 11B4C containing samples amounts to about 71%, which is a significant increase compared to the pure Ni/Ti samples which have a predicted reflectivity of 62%. This results in a reflectivity increase from 0.84% to 3.3% after a total of 10 reflections, resulting in more than 400% higher neutron flux at experiment.
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Aðalsteinsson, Sigurbjörn Már. "A study of the photochromic effect in oxygen containing rare-earth metal hydride thin films and multilayer structures." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Tillämpad kärnfysik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-418111.
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In this work, we have studied the photochromic response of several oxygen containing rare-earth hydride thin films (REHO, RE = Y, Nd, Gd, and Dy). Their chemical composition was characterized by an iterative multi-method approach based on ion beams, while the photochromic effect was measured by means of optical spectrometry. We report photochromic responses for YHO, NdHO, GdHO and DyHO of several thicknesses but averaged chemical compositions described by the formula REH2-δOδ; in the range of 0.45 < δ < 1.5 (δ being the [O]/[RE] ratio). Possible side-effects of the ambient conditions on the photochromic effect in YHO thin films were investigated by comparing the optical properties (photochromic response and bleaching) of YHO films capped with two different diffusion barrier layers (Al2O3 and Si3N4) to their respective uncapped sample. The ambient atmosphere was found to play no significant role in the photochromic effect. In sequence, identical YHO thin films were prepared on three different (transparent) substrates (i.e., soda lime glass, CaF2, and Al2O3 as buffer layer). The effect of substrate induced stress in the YHO thin films was investigated in details and no significant correlation between the substrate and photochromic effect was observed. Finally, isotope labeling in double layers of YHO and YDO was done to investigate possible diffusion of hydrogen/deuterium within the REHO layers. No diffusion of hydrogen/deuterium could be observed in the double layered structure during a one-week period and one illumination/bleaching cycle.
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Ekman, Johannes. "Beam-Beam Simuleringar genomatt Använda Avbildningar för Andra Momentet av Strålningsspridningar." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, FREIA, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-325488.
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Kolliderare är en typ av partikelaccelerator som används till att kollidera subatomiska partiklar och är viktiga för utförandet av experiment i partikel- och kärnfysik. Laddade partiklar accelereras och hålls i separata omloppsbanor med dipol- och kvadrupolmagneter, och deras banor korsar varandra minst en gång. De laddade partiklar som åker i en omloppsbana kan generaliseras till en laddad partikelstråle. Dessa strålar propagerar åt motsatta håll, och när dessa kolliderar rakt in i varandra, är laddningarna så tätt fördelade att dess elektriska fält påverkar partiklarna i den motgående strålen. Denna så kallade beam-beam effekt begränsar prestandan på kolliderare, och det är därför av intresse att kunna beskriva denna effekt med en såprecis modell som möjligt. I denna rapport testas en modell av beam-beam effekten som baserar sig på en modell som beskrevs av M. A. Furman, K. Y. Ng och A. W. Chao i rapporten "A Symplectic Model of Coherent Beam-Beam Quadrupole Modes"från 1988, men med en ändring på hur de elektriska fälten påverkar de laddade partiklarna. Denna modell testas därefter mot Furmans modell, och den nya modellen utvärderas. Den nya modellen ger stabilare strålningsspridningar under inverkan av beam-beam effekten jämfört med Furmans modell.
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Waagaard, Elias. "Developing a Resonance Correction Scheme in the LHC." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, FREIA, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-451963.
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Non-linear errors in the magnetic field of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN often lead to undesirable resonances and instabilities in the particle motion, which can negatively affect the operations of the accelerator. This project focuses on developing a new correction scheme with a response matrix approach to optimize the values of the skew sextupolar correctors of the LHC at injection, in order to mitigate the impact of resonance driving terms (RDTs). So far, no correction has been introduced to actively compensate these RDTs. In particular, we investigate the RDTs related to the 3Qy resonance, which has been proposed to be connected to emittance growth in the LHC, leading to a loss of luminosity in the detectors. Starting from a basic linear model of the LHC, we gradually introduce more complex errors and demonstrate that this correction scheme is more effective than the standard correction. The correction scheme also proves to be effective for more advanced non-linear models, also considering alignment errors.
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Guldahl, Anders Lier. "Styre- og overvåkningssystem for Shell Eco-marathon kjøretøy : Utvikling og test av CAN-bus basert instrumentering og styresystem." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Engineering Cybernetics, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-10990.
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Shell Eco-marathon er en årlig internasjonal bilprototype-konkurranse mellom studentlag fra høyskoler og universiteter. Våren 2010 skal NTNU delta for 3. gang. Denne oppgaven går ut på å spesifisere krav, designe, lage og teste et komplett instrumenteringssystem for eco-marathon-bilen som deltar i konkurransen i 2010. Modulær oppbygning, samt velprøvd kommunikasjon basert på CAN-bus mellom moduler, danner grunnlaget for et stabilt og enkelt rekonfigurerbart system.Flere delkomponenter som ble benyttet i bilen foregående år, fungerte ikke ved overtakelse av bilen høsten 2009. På grunn av problemene med tidligere system, kombinert med ønsket om toveis kommunikasjon med alle moduler i bilen, ble det besluttet at et helt nytt system skulle utarbeides. Bilens instrumenteringssystem består i hovedsak av brenselcelleovervåkning og styring, kommunikasjon med en el-motordrift, brukergrensesnitt for sjåføren, utvendige lys og signalhorn.Brenselcellestyringen består av en galvanisk isolert måleløsning for individuelle cellespenningsmålinger, soneinndelt temperaturovervåkning, måling av hydrogentrykk og styring av hydrogenventiler, samt et sikkerhetssystem med automatisk avstengning ved gasslekkasje.Forskjellige måter å løse problemet med cellespenningsmålinger er undersøkt. Et fleksibelt og kompakt system er designet og implementert som håndterer funksjonene nevnt ovenfor.Utvendige lys på bilen med tilhørende driverkretser er basert på energieffektive og kraftige lysdioder som både har mulighet til å lyse opp veien foran bilen, og justeres ned i lysstyrke for å spare strøm. Alt kan enkelt betjenes via et menysystem på en lcd-skjerm i dashbordet. Et utvidbart og fleksibelt menysystem er implementert for å håndtere innstillinger og informasjon fra bilens systemer.Ettersom systemet er modulbasert, og hver CAN-bus-modul igjen er modulbasert, er det enkelt å rekonfigurere eller endre funksjonaliteten til systemet eller delmoduler. Å hekte på nye moduler for ny funksjonalitet er også veldig enkelt. Systemet kan også benyttes i andre sammenhenger enn bil-instrumentering. Brenselcellemodulen ble for eksempel benyttet på lab hele våren for test og utvikling av styringsalgoritmer for brenselcellestacken. Eksempler på andre bruksområder for deler av systemet kan være hus-automasjon eller styring og overvåkning av andre slags lab-oppstillinger.Selv om konkurranseresultat uteble på grunn av problemer med motorstyringen har elektronikken i styringssystemet stort sett fungert veldig bra under hele prosjektperioden. Det er gjort gode erfaringer med design og bestilling av profesjonelt produserte kretskort, samt innkapsling av elektronikk for å tåle røff håndtering og miljøpåvirkninger. Der problemer har oppstått, spesielt med kretsløsning og de integrerte kretsene benyttet for spenningsmåling på brenselcellestacken, er det nevnt hva som sannsynligvis er skyld i problemene og hva som kan gjøres med det.
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Holgersson, Hans-Erik. "”För sin instrumentering och form förtjent af ett aktningsfullt erkännande.” : Elfrida Andrées instrumentationsteknik i hennes tre första orkesterverk." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Musikhögskolan, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-76667.
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Waagaard, Elias. "Benchmarking a Cryogenic Code for the FREIA Helium Liquefier." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, FREIA, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-412781.
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The thermodynamics inside the helium liquefier in the FREIA laboratory still contains many unknowns. The purpose of this project is to develop a theoretical model and implement it in MATLAB, with the help of the CoolProp library. This theoretical model of the FREIA liquefaction cycle aims at finding the unknown parameters not specified in the manual of the manufacturer, starting from the principle of enthalpy conservation. Inspiration was taken from the classical liquefaction cycles of Linde-Hampson, Claude and Collins. We developed a linear mathematical model for cycle components such as turboexpanders and heat exchangers, and a non-linear model for the liquefaction in the phase separator. Liquefaction yields of 10% and 6% were obtained in our model simulations, with and without liquid nitrogen pre-cooling respectively - similar to those in the FREIA liqueuefier within one percentage point. The sensors placed in FREIA showed similar pressure and temperature values, even though not every point could be verified due to the lack of sensors. We observed an increase of more than 50% in yield after adjustments of the heat exchanger design in the model, especially the first one. This constitutes a guideline for possible future improvements of the liquefier.<br>Termodynamiken bakom heliumförvätskaren i FREIA-laboratoriet innehåller fortfarande många okända aspekter. Detta kandidatarbete syftar till att utveckla en teoretisk modell och implementera den i MATLAB med hjälp av biblioteket CoolProp. Denna modell av FREIA:s förvätskningscykel syftar till att hitta de okända parametrar som inte specificerats av tillverkaren, och baserar sig på principen om entalpins bevarande. Inspiration togs från de klassiska förvätskningscyklerna Linde-Hampson, Claude och Collins. Vi utvecklade en linjär matematisk modell för cykelkomponenter såsom expansionsturbiner och värmeväxlare, och en icke-linjär modell för själva förvätskningen i fasseparatorn. En förvätskningsverkningsgrad på 10% och 6% uppnåddes i våra modellsimuleringar, med respektive utan förkylning med flytande kväve - liknande verkningsgraderna i FREIA- förvätskaren inom en procentenhet. Sensorerna placerade i FREIA visade på liknande tryck och temperaturer, även om bristen på sensorer gjorde att vi inte kunde bekräfta varje punkt. Vi observerade en ökning på mer än 50% i verkningsgrad efter att ha justerat värmeväxlardesignen något, speciellt för den första. Detta kan utgöra riktlinjer för var man framöver kan förbättra den faktiska förvätskaren.<br><p>Subject reader/Ämnesgranskare: Roger Ruber</p>
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Svedmyr, Simon. "Chimär - Symphony No.1 in D major : orkestrering och arrangering av popmusik för symfoniorkester." Thesis, Kungl. Musikhögskolan, Institutionen för musik, pedagogik och samhälle, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kmh:diva-2624.
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I det här projektet undersöks vad resultatet blir när melodier ur egenskriven populärmusik orkestreras och arrangeras för symfoniorkester i den klassiska formen av rondo, i detta fall efter en äldre form av rondo bestående av fyra återkommande teman samt tre episoder eller avvikelser från temat. Denna typ av rondo var populär under barocken och romantiken. Målet var att ta reda på om jag med begränsade förkunskaper inom den klassiska konstmusiken kan skapa ett stycke musik som påminner om ett utdrag ur en symfoni från 1800-talets romantik men där sagda stycke baseras på bandet Kainoabels melodier. För att uppnå detta har jag valt att skriva efter en form och för ett instrumentarium som ofta representeras inom den klassiska konstmusiken samt att jag efter bästa förmåga tar inspiration från delar ur en symfoni skriven av Johannes Brahms år 1883. Även andra stycken, som har valts ut i samråd med handledare, har agerat inspirationskälla under projekttiden. Resultatet visar på att det nyskrivna stycket klingar mer nutida än önskat på grund av melodiernas ofta joniska karaktär. Stycket fick i min mening andra stildrag än vad som önskades i målsättningen men som ändå innehar andra kvaliteter som kan beskrivas som mer filmiska och stundtals juvenila.<br>This project investigate what the outcome is when melodies from self-produced popular music are orchestrated and arranged for symphony orchestra in a form of rondo. In this case, after an older form of rondo consisting of four recurring themes as well as three episodes or deviations from said theme. This kind of rondo was made popular during the baroque and romantic epoch. The goal is to find out if, with limited previous knowledge in the field of classical art music, I can create a piece of music that reminds of an excerpt from a symphony from the 19th century romanticism where the said piece is based on melodies of the band Kainoabel. In order to achieve this, I have chosen to write after a form and an instrumentarium that is often represented in classical art music and that I take inspiration from parts of a symphony written by Johannes Brahms in 1883. Other pieces of music, selected in consultation with a supervisor, have acted as inspirational sources during the project. The result show that the newly written piece sounds more contemporary than desired due to the often ionic character of the tunes. In my opinion, the piece got a different character than desired but still possesses other qualities that can be described as more cinematic and sometimes juvenile.
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Schyborger, Ingrid. "HUMANE STRINGS : Komposition för jazzkvarttett med stråkkvartett." Thesis, Kungl. Musikhögskolan, Institutionen för jazz, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kmh:diva-4139.
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I have in this thesis composed music for a concert using a string quartet and a jazz quartet combined, which for me is an entirely new group of instruments put together. This thesis follows my process writing the compositions from the beginning until the end. The purpose of the thesis has been to explore how to integrate a string quartet and a jazz quartet combined in my compositions. I have, while composing, examined how the double bass relates to the instrumentation and how the bass could be used in melodies, voicings and bass lines. The goal has also been to perform these compositions during my graduation concert. In the thesis I describe the different methods I have used to fulfil the purpose; “learning-by-doing”, inspirations and interviews, and I tell the reader about the experiences made and the knowledge I have acquired by using these. Furthermore, I give an account of the concert-material made and explain how I merged the instruments together in the compositions. Towards the end of my thesis, I share the insights and understandings that has arisen along the composing process. I ascertain that I by doing the project have developed as a composer as well as a double bass player. This thesis could be interesting for anyone who is involved or interested in music, composing, double bass or the creative process.<br><p><strong>Repertoar under konsert:</strong></p><p>Kompositör: Ingrid Schyborger,</p><p>Titel: Interlude</p><p>Kompositör: Ingrid Schyborger,</p><p>Titel: Patience</p><p>Kompositör: Ingrid Schyborger,</p><p>Titel: Intro to Loyalty</p><p>Kompositör: Ingrid Schyborger,</p><p>Titel: Loyalty</p><p>Kompositör: Ingrid Schyborger,</p><p>Titel: Kindness</p><p>Kompositör: Ingrid Schyborger,</p><p>Titel: Passion</p><p>Kompositör: Ingrid Schyborger,</p><p>Titel: Your Inner Self</p><p></p><p>Medverkande musiker:</p><p>Sopransaxofon: Tom Gabrielsson</p><p>Violin 1: Lisa Chenver</p><p>Violin 2: Filip Magnusson</p><p>Viola: Madara Tupina</p><p>Cello: Erik Elvkull</p><p>Piano: Britta Virves</p><p>Kontrabas: Ingrid Schyborger</p><p>Trummor: Edvin Fridolfsson</p><p></p><p>Konserten tog plats den 2 mars på Kungliga Musikhögskolan i Stockholm. Vi var en ensemble på åtta personer och musiken jag hade skrivit till den här konserten fokuserade på att interagera jazzkvartett och stråkkvartett. Temat på konserten var "Humane Strings" och ordet <em>Humane</em> betyder några av de fina egenskaper vi människor har. Så som; att vara medkännande, vänlig, godhjärtad, generös och att vara öppenhjärtad. Så ofta glömmer vi bort våra vackra egenskaper och vi tänker för mycket på de negativa karaktärsdragen vi har. Min idé var att om vi kunde förtstärka våra goda egenskaper så kanske världen skulle vara en bättre plats. Detta tema försökte jag gestalta i musiken skriven för konserten. </p><p></p>
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Ekberg, Olle. "Att arrangera som en boss : En analys av Bruce Springsteens låtar." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för musik och bild (MB), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-43803.
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Tanken med detta arbete var att analysera låtar av Bruce Springsteen för att bli bättre på att arrangera musik som honom. För att göra detta valde jag ut 23 av hans låtar och analyserade dem utifrån fem olika arrangeringselement hämtade ur boken The Mixing Engineer's Handbook. Resultatet blev att jag lärde mig mycket om hur man kan arrangera rockmusik och nya sätt att använda instrument. Dock skulle man nog behöva gräva betydligt djupare ner i låtarna för att få ut det där riktiga guldet som är kännetecknet för Bruce Springsteen & The E-Street Band.
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Lander, Sebastian. "Filmmusik av James Horner : Instrumenteringens betydelse för filmmusikens berättarfunktioner." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Ljud- och musikproduktion, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-27292.
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Instrumenteringens klangfärg inom rörliga bilder erhåller en viktig funktionalitet då musikaliskt berättande oftast vilja återskapa känslor som speglar berättelsen främst. Det är därför som kandidatuppsatsen avser gå in närmare på området och detta för att bidra med mer kunskap. Gällande urvalet har denna gjorts på filmmusik komponerad av James Horner där en selektion varit på sammanlagt sex filmer med totalt tre regissörer. För att kunna utföra undersökningen därav besvara frågeställningarna har metoden varit innehållsanalys där resultat visar på likheter inom den instrumentation som används. Förutom detta finnas undantag, men att instrumenteringen då möjligtvis vara där för ett hastigt beslut. Bortsett från vad som benämnts behandlar uppsatsens teori samt tidigare forskning musikvetenskap, men även kompositionslära samt musikpsykologi.
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Melhus, Tim. "Characterization of GafChromic EBT-3 film calibration for high-accuracy applications." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Fysikum, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-190726.
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The Eu-XFEL, a 3.4 km long free electron laser situated in Hamburg, Germany was commissioned in 2017, and has since been at the forefront of cutting edge technologies. The short laser-like X-ray pulses produced within the facility can be used to film ultrafast phenomena such as the formation or breakup of chemical bonds, research the composition and structure of complex biomolecules on the atomic scale, and can even be used to study matter under extreme conditions. Since its commissioning, a concern has been raised regarding the demagnetization of the permanent magnets present in the undulator system as a result of stray radiation. To monitor this, Gafchromic EBT-3 films along with other dosimetric tools have been installed at various points along the beamline to monitor radiation induced damages and predict the lifetime of the undulator system. This work focuses on optimizing the calibration of Gafchromic EBT-3 films for accurate estimations of the unwanted dose absorbed in the magnetic material, and was achieved by increasing the amount of calibration measurements and segmenting the measurements, in turn performing the calibration in parts. The results show that calibrating the EBT-3 films according to the proposed method can accurately estimate unknown doses up to 52 Gy.
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Carlström, Martin. "Development of methods for detection of radioactive aerosols of special importance for the ESS facility." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-86063.
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With the construction of the European Spallation Source (ESS) steadily approaching the operational phase, an environmental monitoring program will soon be implemented with the purpose of monitoring emissions. With regard to radiation safety, it is highly important to monitor alpha emitting radionuclides in aerosol form. Thus, an experimental investigation of direct alpha spectroscopy methods was conducted in order to evaluate the current experimental setup at Medical Radiation Physics in Malmö. Direct alpha spectroscopy measurements of aerosols collected on filters collected during combustion of earth soil samples were performed. Additionally, the natural alpha background in aerosols was intended to be assessed from filter samples collected at Hyltemossa Research Station in northern Scania (Sweden). Furthermore, simulations of direct alpha spectroscopy measurements are conducted in order to anticipate a measured spectra during normal operation but also in the case of an emergency at the ESS, simulations used calculated data by the ESS together with a dispersion model in order to track emissions to ground level concentrations. Direct alpha spectroscopy for environmental samples, was able to detect the presence of 210Po with a low approximate activity level of 2.8 mBq per filter. The well-defined peaks resulted from the use of a multi stage impactor when sampling, which lead to a high surface deposition of the particles. The simulations illustrate this further by showing the effect of surface deposition and how it highly affects the quality of the attained spectrum for both the normal operation and the emergency scenario. Simulated spectrum for normal operation suggest the possible detection of 148Gd without any treatment of the filters. For the emergency scenario the activity level of 148Gd is much lower than from other radionuclides. Thus the simulated spectra instead show the possible need of chemical separation of the wanted radionuclide.<br>Den Europeiska spallationskällans (ESS) konstruktion fortgår precis vid utkanten av Lund och den börjar närma sig driftsfasen. I takt med det här kommer ett program för att säkerställa miljö, säkerhet och hälsa att startas, ett av målen kommer vara att övervaka utsläpp och säkerställa nivåer i förhållande till regelbestämda värden. Därav görs en experimentell undersökning av metoder för direkt alfaspektroskopi, som mål att utvärdera den nuvarande experimentuppställningen vid Medicinsk Strålningsfysik i Malmö. Mätningar av filter görs med direkt alfaspektroskopi, både filter med naturlig alfabakgrund och filter med innehåll uppsamlat under förbränningstest av jordprover. Filterinsamlingen av naturlig bakgrund görs vid Hyltemossa forskningsstation i nordöstra Skåne. Utöver den experimentella studien, simulering av förväntade spektrum vid mätning av uppsamlade filter görs, både vid normal drift för ESS och vid ett hypotetiskt olyckscenario där radioaktiva partiklar släpps ut. ESS egna beräkningar för utsläpp används som grund till de undersökta scenarierna. De resulterande mätningarna av jordprover gav goda resultat som styrker användandet av direkt alfaspektroskopi vid identifiering av miljöprover, närvaro av 210Po identifieras och uppskattas med beräkning till en låg aktivitetsnivå på 2.8 mBq per uppmätt filter. Grunden till den väldefinierade energitoppen för 210Po antas komma ifrån användandet av en kaskadimpaktor, vilket resulterade i en hög ytdeposition av partiklar vid insamling. Resulterande spektrum från simuleringarna för både normal operation och hypotetiskt olycksscenario fortsätter att illustrera den enormt positiva effekten av ytdeposition vid insamling. Slutsatsen från det simulerade spektrumet vid normal drift av ESS är att 148Gd kommer vara möjligt att upptäcka med den använda metoden för direkt alfaspektroskopi. För det simulerade olycksscenariot vid ESS är andelen utsläppt 148Gd i förhållande till andra radionuklider mycket lägre, vilket leder till en låg signal i spektrumet. Slutsatsen är därav att kemisk separation antagligen kommer behövas för att mäta nivåerna av 148Gd.
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Boholm, Kylesten Karl-Fredrik. "Numerical methods for design of the transfer line of the ESSnuSB project : Independent Project in Engineering Physics." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, FREIA, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-385675.
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ESS neutrino Super Beam (ESSnuSB) is a project that aim to create ahigh energy beam of neutrinos and anti-neutrinos to study thephenomenon neutrino oscillation and learn more about symmetryviolations in quantum mechanics. To create the neutrino beam, negativeHydrogen ions must be transported from the ESS linear accelerator at2.5 GeV, to a proton accumulation ring. This is done through a transferline, that shall direct the ion beam while preserve the beam as much aspossible. In thisproject, there was an attempt at finding a design for this transferline. Preferably, the line consists of a long main line of FODO cellsand two matching sections at each end. A simulation of the beam wasdone that gives the progression beta and dispersion functions,statistical measurements of the particle distribution, through a partof the transfer line. A design for the main line was found. For tuningthe quadrupole magnets, an iterative method using the system's responsematrix was used. However, it could not match more than four parametersat the time, while six was required for complete matching. Because ofthis, it is not able to match thedispersion.
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Ögren, Jim. "Beam Diagnostics and Dynamics in Nonlinear Fields." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Högenergifysik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-330975.
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Particle accelerators are indispensable tools for probing matter at the smallest scales and the improvements of such tools depend on the progress and understanding of accelerator physics. The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a proposed, linear electron–positron collider on the TeV-scale, based at CERN. In such a large accelerator complex, diagnostics and alignment of the beam are crucial in order to maintain beam quality and luminosity. In this thesis we have utilized the nonlinear fields from the octupole component of the radio-frequency fields in the CLIC accelerating structures for beam-based diagnostics. We have investigated methods where the nonlinear position shifts of the beam are used to measure the strength of the octupole component and can also be used for alignment. Furthermore, from the changes in transverse beam profile, due to the nonlinear octupole field, we determine the full transverse beam matrix, which characterizes the transverse distribution of the beam. In circular accelerators, nonlinear fields result in nonlinear beam dynamics, which often becomes the limiting factor for long-term stability. In theoretical studies and simulations we investigate optimum configurations for octupole magnets that compensate amplitude-dependent tune-shifts but avoid driving fourth-order resonances and setups of sextupole magnets to control individual resonance driving terms in an optimal way.
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Wallin, Marcus. "Transients and Coil Displacement in Accelerator Magnets." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-161328.
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For a long time voltage spikes has been seen in measurement data from accelerator magnets during current ramps. These has been believed to be caused by movements, but has never before been studied in depth. The purpose of this thesis is therefore to prove, or disprove, that these events are caused by movements and to analyse what kind of displacements that actually occur. Measurement data from coil voltage, magnetic pick-up coils and current during transients has been acquired and analysed for the Nb3Sn-dipole magnets FRESCA2 and 11T models—named MBHSP107 and MBHSP109. The measurement data is compared to movement simulations that was done with the ROXIE-program, which is used to calculate mutual inductance change for a number of different movement types. The study strongly suggests that the transients are caused by movements, and also indicates that the maximal length of a single slip-stick motion can be up to around 10 micrometers, mostly in the direction of the magnet’s internal forces. The study has proven that transients in measurement data occur due to coil movements, and that these can be quantified—a discovery that can possibly affect future construction and design of accelerator magnets.
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Hellström, Terese. "Investigation of the origin of stray radiation at XFEL using FLUKA." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Fysikum, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-183355.
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The European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser facility (XFEL) provides ultra-short x-ray pulsesof high peak brilliance that are used in research to analyse atomic or molecular structures.The facility accelerates electrons and moves them through an undulator system consistingof several undulator cells containing permanent magnet poles supplying an alternatingmagnetic field, which causes the electrons to emit x-ray pulses. A concern is raised overthe deterioration of the permanent magnets due to radiation damage originating from strayradiation in the undulator system. The stray radiation is believed to be released by the highenergy electrons interacting with the beam pipe wall. In this study particle simulations aremade using the Monte Carlo particle transport code FLUKA to compare to previous sim-ulations and measurements performed at XFEL. A beam line model was made in FLUKA,simulating electron beams interacting with the vacuum pipe at several points. The sim-ulated energy deposition distribution along the undulator segment surface was fitted tomeasurement data of the dose over the magnets in different undulator cells at XFEL. Thisway the probability of the stray radiation originating from different electron beam interac-tion points could be studied. For the undulator cells that were studied the radiation wasfound to originate from interactions mainly in the gap between undulator segments. Forcell 4 and 12 it was found that radiation also originates from electron interactions with thebeam pipe inside the undulator segments. It was concluded that improvements can bemade in the simulation technique by simulating electron beam interactions at more posi-tions along the vacuum pipe’s longitudinal axis and around its lateral cross section. Furtherresearch is needed to find the impact of the alternating magnetic field over the undulatorsegments as well as to find which particles contribute to the radiation damage at XFEL. Asthe undulator cells had different relative contributions to the damaging dose from differentelectron beam interaction points it could be of interest to use the same method for fittingsimulated dose distributions to measurements of other undulator cells at XFEL.
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Eriksson, Edvin. "Coordinate conversion for the Hough transform." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Högenergifysik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-448782.
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This thesis attempts to develop a conversion algorithm between local coordinates in constituent detector modules and global coordinates encompassing the whole detector structure in a generic detector. The thesis is a part of preparatory work for studying the Hough Transform as a means of track reconstruction in the level-1 hardware trigger in the upgraded trigger and data acquisition (TDAQ) system in the phase 2 upgrade of the ATLAS detector at CERN. The upgrades being made are to withstand much more extreme conditions that come with the high-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). Two algorithms have been made and then implemented in Python scripts to test their feasibility and to compare them against each-other. The Rotation algorithm uses several rotations to correctly place the local coordinates in the global system. The second, the Shear algorithm, simplifies the process into two shears and one rotation, using the small angle approximation. Both algorithms need to be extended to work with more parts of the detector to be considered complete. Despite having lower maximum precision the second algorithm is considered the most promising attempt, since it is much less sensitive to the truncation error that results from working in an integer environment, which is a requirement for use in FPGAs.<br>I denna uppsats görs ett försök att skapa en omvandlingsalgoritm mellan lokala koordinater i konstituerande detektormoduler och globala koordinater i hela detektorstrukturen för en generisk detektor. Uppsatsen är en del i förberedande arbete för att undersöka hur Houghtransformen kan användas för spårrekonstruktion i den hårdvarubaserade level-1 triggern i det uppgraderade trigger- och datainsamlingssystemet (TDAQ) i fas två-uppgraderingen av ATLAS detektorn vid CERN. Uppgraderingarna som görs är för att kunna utstå de mycket mer extrema förhållanden som medförs av högluminositetsuppgraderingen av Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). Två algoritmer har skapats och implementerats i Pythonskript för att testa genomförbarhet och för att jämföra med varandra. Rotationsalgoritmen använder ett antal rotationer för att korrekt placera ut de lokala koordinaterna i det globala systemet. Den andra, Skjuvalgortimen, förenklar processen till två skjuvningar och en rotation med hjälp av liten vinkel-approximationen. Båda algoritmerna behöver utökas för att fungera för fler delar av detektorn för att anses kompletta. Trots lägre maximal precision bedöms den andra algoritmen vara det mest lovande försöket, eftersom den är mycket mindre känslig för trunkeringsfelet som kommer av att arbeta i en heltalsmiljö, som är ett krav för FPGA-implementationen.
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Yakovleva, Elizaveta. "Dark Photon decay generated by muons in the SHiP experiment." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för materialvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-414520.
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This project has investigated the muon background of the SHiP experiment to determine whether it can boost the experiment sensitivity to visible Dark Photon decay. Using Fermi-Weizsäcker-Williams approximation to muon scattering we found the probability of muons generating massive photons, using Bremsstrahlung and direct lepton pair production as an estimation of the frequency of muon EM-interactions. In this work we only considered muons with momenta above 10 GeV/c. The number of visible Dark Photon decays was calculated for a range of the coupling constant and photon mass. The resulting range that promised visible decay has already been excluded by previous experiments, but the method could be used to further investigate enhanced production of Dark Photons from muons and electrons, and possibly also production of Axion-like particles. The work could also be used to estimate sensitivities of other experiments using muons.
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Book, Stefan. "1kW Class-E solid state power amplifier for cyclotron RF-source." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, FREIA, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-341693.
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This thesis discusses the design, construction and testing of a highefficiency, 100 MHz, 1 kW, Class-E solid state power amplifier. The design was performed with the aid of computer simulations using electronic design software (ADS). The amplifier was constructed around Ampleon's BLF188XR LDMOS transistor in a single ended design. The results for 100 MHz operation show a power added efficiency of 82% at 1200 W pulsed power output. For operation at 102 MHz results show a power added efficiency of 86% at 1050 W pulsed power output. Measurements of the drain- and gate voltage waveforms provide validation of Class-E operation.
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Fahlström, Simon. "A Near-Infrared Diffraction Radiation Spectrometer for MHz Repetition Rate Electron Bunch Diagnostics at the European XFEL." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Tillämpad kärnfysik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-388607.
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We have built a spectrometer to investigate the Near-Infrared (NIR) range of this radiation, which is used for bunch diagnostics at the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser. This could give information on the development of microbunching, periodic features in the longitudinal charge profile of the bunches which have a negative impact on the operation of the facility. In general it offers an ability to investigate the influences of the laser heater, the compression, and other factors that affect the structure of the bunches. The CDR is generated 1934 m after the injector, at full acceleration. The spectrometer is based around the KALYPSO detector system, able to read out from a 256 pixel linear array detector at MHz frequencies, making it possible to obtain single bunch readings during current user operation of the facility, at 1.1 MHz. KALYPSO has an InGaAs sensor, sensitive in the range 0.9 – 1.7 μm. A 40 mm N-SF11 equilateral prism is used for dispersion. First measurements have been taken, and CDR has been detected. The spectrometer needs further calibration and resolution was lacking, but it can offer insight in to relative changes, and bunch-to and can be used as for fingerprinting the beam. A reduction in signal in the sensitive range and a skew towards longer wavelengths was seen when going from uncompressed to compressed beam. When varying the power of the laser heater the behavior varied from run to run, with changing machine settings. In some cases the CDR was attenuated, while FEL intensity initially increased, until the induced energy spread from the laser heater was large enough to inhibit the FEL process. Another, less expected, behaviour was also observed, where the initially low CDR intensity at first increased, while FEL intensity stayed the same, before it then followed the same pattern as in the first case.
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Forssén, Clayton. "Characterization of Multi Plate Field Mill for Lunar Deployment." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för fysik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-146672.
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During the Apollo 10 and 17 missions NASA astronauts reported that they saw streamers emanating from the surface of the moon. They concluded that the streamers were produced by light scattering from dust particles. The particles are believed to be transported by an ambient electric field. This theorized electric field has never been measured directly, although the electric potential on the surface and above it has. The exact behavior and origin of the electric field is unknown, but has been approximated to be between 1 and 12 V/m. To measure this electrical field a new type of instrument, called Multi Plate Field Mills (MPFM) has been developed. This type of instrument is capable of measuring both the amplitude and directionality of the electrical field. Three of these instruments will be mounted on a 1U CubeSat to be lunched with the PTS mission to the moon scheduled to Q4 2019. In this work the MPFM were characterized. The precision of the instrument for electrical fields applied along the z, y and x axis was found to be 0.6, 1.3, 1.4 (V/m)/(Hz)^(1/2) respectively for measurements in air and 0.14, 0.6, 0.6 (V/m)/(Hz)^(1/2) for measurements in vacuum. This sensitivity outperforms the current state of the art Field Mills and, in addition to that, it provides an assessment of the directionality of the electrical field.<br>Umeå Lunar Venture
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Persson, Daniel. "Application of GEANT4 toolkit for simulations of high gradient phenomena." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, FREIA, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-353347.
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To study electron emissions and dark currents in the accelerating structures in particle colliders, a test facility with a spectrometer has been constructed at CERN. This spectrometer has been simulated in the C++ toolkit GEANT4 and in this project the simulation has been improved to handle new realistic input data of the emitted electrons. The goal was to find relations between where the electrons are emitted inside the accelerating structure and the energy or position of the particles measured by the spectrometer. The result was that there is a linear relation between the initial position of the electrons and the width in the positions of the particles measured by the spectrometer. It also appears to be a relations between energy the emitted electrons get in the accelerating structure, which is related to the position, and the energy they deposit in the spectrometer. Further studies where the simulations are compared with real measurement data are required to determine whether these relations are true or not, find better reliability in the relations and get a better understanding of the phenomena.
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Olofsson, Joel. "Thermo-mechanical analysis of cryo-cooled electrode system in COMSOL." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för fysik och astronomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-353895.
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In the planned linear accelerator called Compact Linear Collider, CLIC, electrons and positrons will be accelerated to velocities near the speed of light. A limiting factor in accelerating structures are vacuum breakdowns, which are electrical discharges from a surface as a result of a large electric field being applied. In the preparatory studies for the CLIC, Uppsala University in collaboration with The European Organization for Nuclear Research, CERN, is building a DC Spark system to analyze vacuum breakdowns. This system containing large planar electrodes will be cooled down all the way down to around 4 K in order to limit the rate of wich vacuum breakdowns happen. When cooling a system like this, which consists of different components made of different materials there is the question of how the system will be affected. The objective of this project is to investigate how the cooling will affect the stability in terms of stresses and to analyze the cool down time of the system. Another goal is to make a material recommendation for a few parts based on the results. This will be done by simulating the cooling in COMSOL Multiphysics, which is a program that uses finite element analysis to solve complex problems where different branches of physics interact. The conclusion is that the system will most likely be stable as it is and there is no need to redesign it. The choice of recommended material is alumina with the reason being it should cause the least stress and the smallest gap between the electrodes when the cooling is done. There was no big difference in the cool down time between the materials. Further studies and simulations on the system is also recommended since there are many factors not taken into consideration in this study.
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Stångberg, Valgeborg Fredrik. "Toward a Novel Gas Cell for X-Ray Spectroscopy : Finite Element Flow Simulation and Raman Characterization." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Molekyl- och kondenserade materiens fysik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-394134.
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The new millennium has seen revolutionary advances in photonsource technology. As the newly constructed synchrotron facilityMAX IV in Lund, Sweden, pushes brilliance toward what isphysically possible, low-yield spectroscopic techniques, such asresonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS), open new doors inmolecular and condensed matter research. The VERITAS beamline atMAX IV is designed for high-resolution vibrational RIXS on gases.X-rays interact with flowing molecules inside a window-cappedcell, but the radiation intensity is expected to be large enoughto damage the windows, and cause build-up of photochemicalproducts, which lowers transmission. To address these issues, anovel gas cell design is presented, wherein the distance betweensample gas and window is increased by using a flowing heliumbuffer. The main challenge is maintaining a steep sample gasconcentration gradient within the cell, and to that end, gas flowswere simulated on various geometries by using the finite elementmethod to solve the Navier-Stokes equations. Results were used toconstruct a prototype, and confocal Raman microscopy was used forconcentration characterization. Preliminary measurements revealeda uniform sample gas distribution, and the technique proved to beinefficient for wide scanning of parameter values. This suggeststhat a supplementary experiment is required to find roughestimates of good parameter values, which can then be followed upwith new Raman measurements for fine-tuning of the properparameter space. Real-time visualization of the sample gas flow,using a visible gas under an optical microscope, is one candidatefor this supplementary experiment.
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Blom, Erik. "Characterization of γ-rays at MAST". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Tillämpad kärnfysik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-388424.
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The γ-ray characterizing possibility of the neutron collimated flux monitor (in short, Neutron Camera) at the Mega Ampere Spherical Tokamak (MAST) is explored. Typically used to monitor neutron emission, the Neutron Camera has excellent neutron/γ-ray discrimination properties and thus presents the opportunity to measure spatially and temporally resolved γ-ray emission - a possibility of an additional fusion diagnostics method with already existing equipment. An Online Data Analysis (ODA) code was used to analyze the data on γ-rays from several plasma discharges with similar plasma parameters. A high statistics temporal distribution of the γ-ray emission and a lower statistics spatial distribution were analyzed. However, the low energy resolution and range for the Neutron Camera γ-ray measurements revealed few conclusive results on the origin of the higher energy γ-rays. Detection systems with higher energy resolution and range are suggested for an extensive analysis of γ-ray emission at MAST Upgrade.
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Rasouli, Karwan. "Laser Beam Pathway Design and Evaluation for Dielectric Laser Acceleration." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Tillämpad materialvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-385987.
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After nearly 100 years of particle acceleration, particle accelerator experiments continue providing results within the field of high energy physics. Particle acceleration is used worldwide in practical applications such as radiation therapy and materials science research. Unfortunately, these accelerators are large and expensive. Dielectric Laser Acceleration (DLA) is a promising technique for accelerating particles with high acceleration gradients, without requiring large-scale accelerators. DLA utilizes the electric field of a high energy laser to accelerate electrons in the proximity of a nanostructured dielectric surface.The aim of this project was limited to laser beam routing and imaging techniques for a DLA experiment. The goal was to design the laser beam pathway between the laser and the dielectric sample, and testing a proposed imaging system for aiming the laser. This goal was achieved in a test setup using a low-energy laser. In the main setup including a femtosecond laser, the result indicated lack of focus. For a full experimental setup, a correction of this focus is essential and the beam path would need to be combined with a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) as an electron source.
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Lindahl, Jonatan. "Designing radiation protection for a linear accelerator : using Monte carlo-simulations." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för fysik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-160202.
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The department of Radiation Sciences at Umeå University has obtained an old linear accelerator, intended for educational purposes. The goal of this thesis was to find proper reinforced radiation protection in an intended bunker (a room with thick concrete walls), to ensure that the radiation outside the bunker falls within acceptable levels. The main method was with the use of Monte Carlo-simulations. To properly simulate the accelerator, knowledge of the energy distribution of emitted radiation was needed. For this, a novel method for spectra determination, using several depth dose measurements including off-axis, was developed. A method that shows promising results in finding the spectra when measurements outside the primary beam are included. The found energy spectrum was then used to simulate the accelerator in the intended bunker. The resulting dose distribution was visualized together with 3D CAD-images of the bunker, to easily see in which locations outside the bunker where the dose was high. An important finding was that some changes are required to ensure that the public does not receive too high doses of radiation on a public outdoor-area that is located above the bunker. Otherwise, the accelerator is only allowed to be run 1.8 hours per year. A workaround to this problem could be to just plant a thorn bush, covering the dangerous area of radius 3m. After such a measure has been taken, which is assumed in the following results, the focus moves to the radiation that leaks into the accelerator’s intended control room, which is located right outside the bunker’s entrance door. The results show that the accelerator is only allowed to be run for a maximum of 6.1 or 3.3 hours per year (depending on the placement of the accelerator in the room), without a specific extra reinforced radiation protection consisting mainly of lead bricks. With the specific extra protection added, the accelerator is allowed to be run 44 or 54 hours per year instead, showing a distinct improvement. However, the dose rate to the control room was still quite high, 13.7 μGy/h or 11.2 μGy/h, compared to the average dose received by someone living in Sweden, which is 0.27 μGy/h. Therefore, further measures are recommended. This is however a worst case scenario, since the leakage spectrum from the accelerator itself was simulated as having the same energy spectrum as the primarybeam at 0.1 % of the intensity, which is the maximum leakage dose according to the specifications for the accelerator. This is probably an overestimation of the intensity. Also, the energy spectra of the leakage is probably of lower energy than the primary beam in at least some directions. Implementing more knowledge of the leak spectra in future work, should therefore result in more allowed run hours for the accelerator.
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Skwarcan-Bidakowski, Alexander. "Exotic Decays of a Vector-liketop Partner at the LHC." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Högenergifysik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-392988.
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An evaluation of how sensitive some ATLAS searches for new physics are to a new beyond standard model (BSM) vector-like quark (VLQ) and a pseudo Nambu-Goldstone boson (pNGB) scalar. This was done by simulating a signal containing these new particles and making a recast of it onto existing verified ATLAS searches for new physics at center-of-mass (CM) energy of 13 TeV (Run 2) at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Signals for recasting were tailored such that their final states would be appropriate in relation to each respective ATLAS search in order to use the same selection criteria as applied in the existing searches. The results are summarized in the form of significances (Z) for each masspoint of the new top-partner and S particle. Significances did not show any expectiation of excluding any masspoint in the examined mass range for the recasts at 95% CL. This suggests that a dedicated search for these particles in the considered masspoints would be required.
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Nordstrand, Maja. "Framtagande av analysunderlag i programmet IntelliDAM : Ett examensarbete om fyllningsdammar och instrumentering." Thesis, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-315216.
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The instrumentation installed on dams have increased, which creates a demand for the dam owners to monitor and analyze data from the instrumentation. Swedish dam owners use the computer program IntelliDAM to monitor data from the dams. IntelliDAM can for example be used to create diagrams and tables, edit incorrect data and to determine alarm values, which can increase dam safety. This thesis aims to create a support to use IntelliDAM for analysis and evaluation of an embankment dam. The support aims to be easy to use, to create an overview of the instrumentation data, to be used to evaluate the situation in the dam, and to be used when creating similar supports for other dams. Based on information about embankment dams and instrumentation, pore pressure was set as the main factor in the evaluation. Secondary factors in the evaluation were turbidity, water flow, precipitation, and temperature. To create the support the program MapInfo initially was used to generate layouts of the dam with dots representing instrumentation. The layouts from MapInfo were uploaded to IntelliDAM and connected to instrumentation data and diagrams. An instruction describing the process for creating the support was written. Finally, the author of this thesis has discovered flaws in the program IntelliDAM and in the instrumentation data, which affects the created support. The information would improve with correct data and possibilities to visualize data based on other variables than time.