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Journal articles on the topic 'Instruments of measurement'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Law, Mary. "Measurement in Occupational Therapy: Scientific Criteria for Evaluation." Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy 54, no. 3 (June 1987): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000841748705400308.

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Measurement Instruments are used by occupational therapists to describe patients, predict recovery and evaluate immediate treatment effect within their clinical practice. An instrument's development and methodological properties are guided by the purpose of the instrument. In this paper, criteria are proposed for evaluating the utility of measurement tools used by occupational therapists. These criteria are discussed within the framework of the intended use of the instrument. The criteria include the instrument's purpose, clinical utility, construction and scaling, standardization, reliability, validity and responsiveness. An algorithm to guide therapists' appraisal of measurement instruments is included.

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Rodgers, James, Jimmy Zumba, and Chanel Fortier. "Measurement comparison of cotton fiber micronaire and its components by portable near infrared spectroscopy instruments." Textile Research Journal 87, no. 1 (July 21, 2016): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517515622153.

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Micronaire is a key cotton fiber quality assessment property, and changes in fiber micronaire can impact fiber processing and dyeing consistency. Micronaire is a function of two fiber components—maturity and fineness. Historically, micronaire is measured in a laboratory under tightly controlled environmental conditions. There is increased interest by the cotton and textile industry to measure key fiber properties both in the laboratory and in-field (non-controlled conditions), using small portable near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy instruments. A program was implemented to determine the feasibility of using portable NIR instruments to monitor fiber micronaire, maturity, and fineness. Prior to outside the laboratory measurements (field, warehouse, etc.), laboratory feasibility was performed to assess the NIR instruments’ capabilities. Comparative evaluations for fiber micronaire, maturity, and fineness were performed on three portable NIR instruments. Instrumental, sampling, and operational procedures and protocols for each instrument were established. Although representing different measurement technologies, very good spectral agreement was observed between the portable NIR instruments and a bench-top NIR unit used as a comparison. Rapid (less than 3 minutes per sample), easy to use, and accurate measurements of fiber micronaire and maturity were achieved, with regressions ( R values) greater than 0.85, low residuals, and a low number of outliers observed for each NIR instrument. Improvements are required for the accurate measurement of fiber fineness by portable NIR instruments. Thus, for well-defined cotton fiber samples, the universal nature of the NIR measurement of cotton fiber micronaire and maturity by portable NIR instruments was validated.

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Haller, Karen B. "Selecting Measurement Instruments." MCN, The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing 11, no. 6 (November 1986): 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005721-198611000-00025.

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4

Somerscales, Eaun F. C. "Instruments and experiences: Papers on measurement and instrument design." Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 5, no. 2 (March 1992): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0894-1777(92)90011-s.

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Horbach, Sophie E. R., Amber P. M. Rongen, Roy G. Elbers, Chantal M. A. M. van der Horst, Cecilia A. C. Prinsen, and Phyllis I. Spuls. "Outcome measurement instruments for peripheral vascular malformations and an assessment of the measurement properties: a systematic review." Quality of Life Research 29, no. 1 (September 23, 2019): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11136-019-02301-x.

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Abstract Purpose The Outcome measures for vascular malformation (OVAMA) group reached consensus on the core outcome domains for the core outcome set (COS) for peripheral vascular malformations (venous, lymphatic and arteriovenous malformations). However, it is unclear which instruments should be used to measure these domains. Therefore, our aims were to identify all outcome measurement instruments available for vascular malformations, and to evaluate their measurement properties. Methods With the first literature search, we identified outcomes and instruments previously used in prospective studies on vascular malformations. A second search yielded studies on measurement properties of patient- and physician-reported instruments that were either developed for vascular malformations, or used in prospective studies. If the latter instruments were not specifically validated for vascular malformations, we performed a third search for studies on measurement properties in clinically similar diseases (vascular or lymphatic diseases and benign tumors). We assessed the methodological quality of these studies following the Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments methodology, and evaluated the quality of the measurement properties. Results The first search yielded 27 studies, none using disease-specific instruments. The second and third search included 22 development and/or validation studies, concerning six instruments. Only the Lymphatic Malformation Function Instrument was developed specifically for vascular malformations. Other instruments were generic QoL instruments developed and/or partly validated for clinically similar diseases. Conclusions Additional research on measurement properties is needed to assess which instruments may be included in the COS. This review informs the instrument selection and/or the development of new instruments. Systematic review registration PROSPERO, 42017056242.

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Greenbaum, Howard H., Ira T. Kaplan, and Regina Damiano. "Organizational Group Measurement Instruments." Management Communication Quarterly 5, no. 1 (August 1991): 126–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0893318991005001008.

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7

C. McDonald, J. "Editorial - Radiation detection instruments and radiation measurement instruments." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 106, no. 1 (August 1, 2003): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a006334.

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Hamilton, Tobi DeLong, Victoria Buchan, Grafton Hull, Jr., Brian Christenson, Ruth Gerritsen-McKane, Roy Rodenhiser, and Marshall Smith. "Responding to the 2008 EPAS: Baccalaureate Education Assessment Direct and Indirect Measurement." Journal of Baccalaureate Social Work 16, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18084/basw.16.1.880982p5x3h5q747.

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To meet accreditation requirements, many programs have used indirect measurements focused on student perceptions, which are sufficient to meet current Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards (EPAS) requirements. This article assists programs with measurement of the ten 2008 EPAS competencies by presenting two new instruments that measure implicit and explicit curriculum and compliment the already-existing Baccalaureate Educational Assessment Package (BEAP) instrument set. The Foundation Curriculum Assessment Instrument provides a direct pre–post measurement of how well a program's curriculum prepares students for practice. The Field/Practicum Placement Assessment Instrument focuses on the measurement of field education competencies. As demonstrated in a matrix, the BEAP instruments provide measures of all 41 competencies and the knowledge, values, and skills that help define them.

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Österberg, Petri Juhani, Martti Heinonen, Maija Johanna Ojanen-Saloranta, and Anssi Jaakko Mäkynen. "Comparison of the performance of a microwave based and an NMR based biomaterial moisture measurement instruments." ACTA IMEKO 5, no. 4 (December 30, 2016): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21014/acta_imeko.v5i4.391.

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This article compares the performance of an NMR-based and a microwave based moisture measurement instruments designed for biomaterials. The conventional moisture measurement method, Loss-on-Drying (LoD) serves as a reference measurement for both instruments. Six different biomaterials at three moisture content levels were measured with the microwave instrument and five biomaterials with the NMR instrument. After instrument calibrations, the difference and variation of the measurement results for parallel samples and the repeatability of the NMR and microwave instruments were estimated. Reasonable agreement between the measurement methods was achieved.

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Oleniacz, Grzegorz, Izabela Skrzypczak, and Tomasz Świętoń. "Trimble M3 1” and South Nts-362R Total Station Angle Measurement Accuracy Analysis." Civil And Environmental Engineering Reports 24, no. 1 (March 28, 2017): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ceer-2017-0003.

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Abstract The main purpose of this study was to obtain information about the actual precision of angle measurements with two instruments (Trimble M3 1 "and South NTS-362R), realizable in given measurement conditions. This object is achieved by using a simplified method of testing instruments contained in the PN-ISO 17123-3 standard [1]. This is a continuation of research described in [2], carried out on the same test base, but this time in a different, less favorable field conditions. The use of the same instrument has created an opportunity to compare and analyze the measurement results. The scope of work includes the measurement and results preparation along with statistical processing of the obtained results for both instruments.

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Burgermeister, Diane. "Childhood Adversity: A Review of Measurement Instruments." Journal of Nursing Measurement 15, no. 3 (December 2007): 163–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/106137407783095766.

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Measurement instruments are needed to stimulate research on the long-term outcomes of childhood adversity. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to locate, describe, and assess instruments to measure retrospective perceptions of childhood adversity. An electronic search of instruments was conducted using a combination of keywords that included child maltreatment, child trauma, and childhood stressful events. Nine instruments were located and described according to format, definition of childhood adversity as measured by the instrument, characteristics of the sample used in development and testing, reliability and validity evidence, and feasibility for use. Six out of the nine instruments were suitable for investigators who require a comprehensive measure of childhood adversity. Corroboration with independent sources and use of randomized samples are needed to improve upon reports of validity.

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Otrusinová, Lenka, L. Čepová, and Lenka Petřkovská. "Measurement of Deviation of Roundnes." Technological Engineering 10, no. 1 (December 1, 2013): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/teen-2013-0006.

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Abstract For the measurement of roundness deviations are used different measuring methods and measuring Instruments from universal to high-precision measuring Instruments. Recently, optical measurement Instruments have irreplaceable role and get to the forefront due simpler process of measurement, accelerate measuring and large possibility to storage obtained data. Nowadays more and more successful optical measurements above touch measurement, but touch measurement still has an important role in companies. Therefore, in the experiment were measured the deviations of the roundness on devices measuring by touch method, and by the optical devices. The values of these measurements allowed their comparison and stastical evaluation.

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Røe, Yngve, Rachelle Buchbinder, Margreth Grotle, Samuel Whittle, Sofia Ramiro, Hsiaomin Huang, Joel Gagnier, Arianne Verhagen, and Sigrid Østensjø. "What Do the OMERACT Shoulder Core Set Candidate Instruments Measure? An Analysis Using the Refined International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health Linking Rules." Journal of Rheumatology 47, no. 10 (February 15, 2020): 1557–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.190832.

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Objective.The objective of this paper is to assess the content and measurement constructs of the candidate instruments for the domains of “pain” and “physical function/activity” in the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) shoulder core set. The results of this International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF)–based analysis may inform further decisions on which instruments should ultimately be included in the core set.Methods.The materials for the analysis were the 13 candidate measurement instruments within pain and physical function/activity in the shoulder core domain set, which either passed or received amber ratings (meaning there were some issues with the instrument) in the OMERACT filtering process. The content of the candidate instruments was extracted and linked to the ICF using the refined linking rules. The linking rules enhance the comparability of instruments by providing a comprehensive overview of the content of the instruments, the context in which the measurements take place, the perspectives adopted, and the types of response options.Results.The ICF content analysis showed a large variation in content and measurement constructs in the candidate instruments for the shoulder core outcome measurement set.Conclusion.Two of 6 pain instruments include constructs other than pain. Within the physical function/activity domain, 2 candidate instruments matched the domain, 3 included additional content, and 2 included meaningful concepts in the response options, suggesting that they should be omitted as candidate instruments. The analyses show that the content in most existing instruments of shoulder pain and functioning extends across core set domains.

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Sheikhi, Ayyub, Mohsen Rezapoor, and Hamid Hoseenkhani. "Instrumental Variables Regression with Measurement Errors and Multicollinearity in Instruments." Journal of the Iranian Statistical Society 19, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 15–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.52547/jirss.19.2.15.

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Domínguez-Vicent, Alberto, Loujain Al-Soboh, Rune Brautaset, and Abinaya Priya Venkataraman. "Effect of Instrument Design and Technique on the Precision and Accuracy of Objective Refraction Measurement." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 10 (September 23, 2020): 3061. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9103061.

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Background: To evaluate the precision and accuracy of objective refraction measurement obtained with combinations of instrument design and technique. We also compared the performance of the instruments with subjective refraction measurements. Method and analysis: The objective refraction was measured in 71 subjects with three autorefractometers that have different designs and measurement principles (binocular with fogging, binocular without fogging, and monocular with fogging). Repeatability and reproducibility metrics were calculated for the objective refraction measurements. The agreement of the objective refraction measurements between the three instruments and the agreement with the subjective refraction measurements were evaluated. Results: All three autorefractometers had repeatability and reproducibility limits smaller than 0.70D. The smallest difference (0.10D) in the spherical equivalent was seen between the two binocular instruments. Compared with the subjective refraction, the binocular without fogging technique had the smallest mean difference in spherical equivalent (<0.20D) whereas the binocular fogging technique had the smallest limit of agreement interval (1.00D). For all comparisons, the mean difference and limit of agreement interval for the cylindrical components were lower than 0.10D and 0.75D, respectively. Conclusion: All three instruments evaluated had good repeatability and reproducibility. The binocular fogging technique provided the best agreement with subjective refraction.

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Moore, Daniel, Fred B. Bryant, and Evelyn Perloff. "Measurement Instruments at Your Fingertips." Eye on Psi Chi Magazine 3, no. 2 (1999): 17–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24839/1092-0803.eye3.2.17.

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Luan, Yuanling, Shisong Zhang, and Jianfei Zhang. "Measurement management of electronic instruments." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 780 (April 10, 2020): 032007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/780/3/032007.

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Yang, Shuming. "Measurement technology and intelligent instruments." Measurement Science and Technology 30, no. 1 (December 3, 2018): 010101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/aaeab4.

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STRICKLAND, ORA L. "Editorial: Using Existing Measurement Instruments." Journal of Nursing Measurement 2, no. 1 (January 1994): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1061-3749.2.1.3.

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Shimono, Tetsunori. "3. Selection of Measurement Instruments." Japanese Journal of Radiological Technology 74, no. 10 (2018): 1212–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.6009/jjrt.2018_jsrt_74.10.1212.

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Pellonpää, Juha-Pekka. "Quantum instruments: II. Measurement theory." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical 46, no. 2 (December 10, 2012): 025303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1751-8113/46/2/025303.

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22

Dekker, Joost. "Measurement Instruments in Behavioral Medicine." International Journal of Behavioral Medicine 16, no. 2 (June 2009): 89–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12529-009-9049-1.

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Shalaby, Mohamed, Mona Shokair, and Nagy W. Messiha. "Electromagnetic Field Measurement Instruments: Survey." Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Electrical Engineering 43, S1 (August 27, 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40998-018-0116-y.

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Cavanagh, Robert F., and Joseph T. Romanoski. "Rating scale instruments and measurement." Learning Environments Research 9, no. 3 (January 9, 2007): 273–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10984-006-9011-y.

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Angrist, Joshua D., and Alan B. Krueger. "Instrumental Variables and the Search for Identification: From Supply and Demand to Natural Experiments." Journal of Economic Perspectives 15, no. 4 (November 1, 2001): 69–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.15.4.69.

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Instrumental variables was first used in the 1920s to estimate supply and demand elasticities and later to correct for measurement error in single equation models. Recently, instrumental variables have been widely used to reduce bias from omitted variables in estimates of causal relationships. Intuitively, instrumental variables methods use only a portion of the variability in key variables to estimate the relationships of interest; if the instruments are valid, that portion is unrelated to the omitted variables. We discuss the mechanics of instrumental variables and the qualities that make for a good instrument, devoting particular attention to instruments derived from “natural experiments.”

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Dahneke, Barton, and Bradley Johnson. "A Method for Cross Calibrating Particle Counters." Journal of the IEST 29, no. 5 (September 1, 1986): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.1.29.5.41529jm555633304.

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A system for generating participate air contamination standards of known size distribution and concentration was developed and used to determine the accuracy of several optical particle counters (OPCs) for the measurement of paniculate air contamination. Of particular concern was the substantial instrument-to-instrument variability of up to a factor of six or more sometimes observed when measuring the same sample with two similar instruments. We found that while the agreement between two instruments calibrated from the manufacturer's calibration data was sometimes poor, the same instruments calibrated by our methods agreed within 10% in their measured results. We therefore recommend use of these new calibration methods when precise air contamination measurements or interchangeability of instruments are needed.

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Postek, Michael T. "Resolution and measurement in the scanning electron microscope." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 45 (August 1987): 534–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100127256.

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The term ultimate resolution or resolving power is the very best performance that can be obtained from a scanning electron microscope (SEM) given the optimum instrumental conditions and sample. However, as it relates to SEM users, the conventional definitions of this figure are ambiguous. The numbers quoted for the resolution of an instrument are not only theoretically derived, but are also verified through the direct measurement of images on micrographs. However, the samples commonly used for this purpose are specifically optimized for the measurement of instrument resolution and are most often not typical of the sample used in practical applications.SEM RESOLUTION. Some instruments resolve better than others either due to engineering design or other reasons. There is no definitively accurate definition of how to quantify instrument resolution and its measurement in the SEM.

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Withers, Philip John. "Depth capabilities of neutron and synchrotron diffraction strain measurement instruments. II. Practical implications." Journal of Applied Crystallography 37, no. 4 (July 17, 2004): 607–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889804012750.

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In part I [Withers (2004).J. Appl. Cryst.37, 596–606], a framework was presented for estimating the maximum feasible penetration length for neutron and synchrotron X-ray strain measurement. This calculation reflected the attenuation and scattering capability of the material under examination, the incident flux and detector arrangement, the likely background signal, the required strain measurement accuracy, the sampling volume, and the diffracting geometry. In the present paper (part II), preliminary calibration data acquired for a very wide range of neutron and synchrotron sources are presented. This database is used to explore the implications of the framework for delineating those conditions under which a specific instrument can provide useful information within a feasible timescale, in order to identify the most appropriate radiation, energy and instrumental configuration for undertaking measurements in transmission and reflection as a function of depth, and to establish guiding principles for improving the performance of existing instruments.

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Dale, Ethan R., Stefanie Kremser, Jordis S. Tradowsky, Greg E. Bodeker, Leroy J. Bird, Gustavo Olivares, Guy Coulson, et al. "The winter 2019 air pollution (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) measurement campaign in Christchurch, New Zealand." Earth System Science Data 13, no. 5 (May 18, 2021): 2053–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2053-2021.

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Abstract. MAPM (Mapping Air Pollution eMissions) is a project whose goal is to develop a method to infer airborne particulate matter (PM) emissions maps from in situ PM concentration measurements. In support of MAPM, a winter field campaign was conducted in New Zealand in 2019 (June to September) to obtain the measurements required to test and validate the MAPM methodology. Two different types of instruments measuring PM were deployed: ES-642 remote dust monitors (17 instruments) and Outdoor Dust Information Nodes (ODINs; 50 instruments). The measurement campaign was bracketed by two intercomparisons where all instruments were co-located, with a permanently installed tapered element oscillating membrane (TEOM) instrument, to determine any instrument biases. Changes in biases between the pre- and post-campaign intercomparisons were used to determine instrument drift over the campaign period. Once deployed, each ES-642 was co-located with an ODIN. In addition to the PM measurements, meteorological variables (temperature, pressure, wind speed, and wind direction) were measured at three automatic weather station (AWS) sites established as part of the campaign, with additional data being sourced from 27 further AWSs operated by other agencies. Vertical profile measurements were made with 12 radiosondes during two 24 h periods and complimented measurements made with a mini micropulse lidar and ceilometer. Here we present the data collected during the campaign and discuss the correction of the measurements made by various PM instruments. We find that when compared to measurements made with a simple linear correction, a correction based on environmental conditions improves the quality of measurements retrieved from ODINs but results in over-fitting and increases the uncertainties when applied to the more sophisticated ES-642 instruments. We also compare PM2.5 and PM10 measured by ODINs which, in some cases, allows us to identify PM from natural and anthropogenic sources. The PM data collected during the campaign are publicly available from https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4542559 (Dale et al., 2020b), and the data from other instruments are available from https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4536640 (Dale et al., 2020a).

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Royadi, Dedi, Mohd Nasrun Mohd Nawi, and Fitria Supyaningsih. "Measurement of Reliability of Test Instruments Through Management of Education and Psychology." Aptisi Transactions on Management (ATM) 2, no. 2 (July 2, 2018): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33050/atm.v2i2.788.

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At this time in the world of work or in job management workers are required to be able to solve problems that mean that in education and psychology management must be able to build or develop instruments in all fields of management. The development of measurement instruments in the field of psychology and education many assume the use of unidimensional measurements, which conceptually formulated that there is one type of ability factor, personality, character, and attitude measured by one measurement instrument. This study aims to allow readers to understand the notions of reliability, reliability of learning outcomes tests, general models of reliability, simple methods of estimating reliability, retesting methods, parallel methods, halves, moment product equations, Flanagan equations, Rulon equations, reliability coefficients , and standard measurement errors. In order for this management research to take place smoothly, the researcher uses the literature study method as his research method. Keywords: Educational management, Measurement Instruments, Reliability

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Woźniak, Marek, and Waldemar Odziemczyk. "Investigation of Stability of Precise Geodetic Instruments Used in Deformation Monitoring." Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics 104, no. 1 (December 20, 2017): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rgg-2017-0017.

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Abstract Monitoring systems using automated electronic total stations are an important element of safety control of many engineering objects. In order to ensure the appropriate credibility of acquired data, it is necessary that instruments (total stations in most of the cases) used for measurements meet requirements of measurement accuracy, as well as the stability of instrument axis system geometry. With regards to the above, it is expedient to conduct quality control of data acquired using electronic total stations in the context of performed measurement procedures. This paper presents results of research conducted at the Faculty of Geodesy and Cartography at Warsaw University of Technology investigating the stability of “basic” error values (collimation, zero location for V circle, inclination), for two types of automatic total stations: TDA 5005 and TCRP 1201+. Research provided also information concerning the influence of temperature changes upon the stability of investigated instrument’s optical parameters. Results are presented in graphical analytic technique. Final conclusions propose methods, which allow avoiding negative results of measuring tool-set geometry changes during conducting precise deformation monitoring measurements.

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Białek, Agnieszka, Sarah Douglas, Joel Kuusk, Ilmar Ansko, Viktor Vabson, Riho Vendt, and Tânia Casal. "Example of Monte Carlo Method Uncertainty Evaluation for Above-Water Ocean Colour Radiometry." Remote Sensing 12, no. 5 (February 29, 2020): 780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12050780.

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We describe a method to evaluate an uncertainly budget for the in situ Ocean Colour Radiometric measurements. A Monte Carlo approach is chosen to propagate the measurement uncertainty inputs through the measurements model. The measurement model is designed to address instrument characteristics and uncertainty associated with them. We present the results for a particular example when the radiometers were fully characterised and then use the same data to show a case when such characterisation is missing. This, depending on the measurement and the wavelength, can increase the uncertainty value significantly; for example, the downwelling irradiance at 442.5 nm with fully characterised instruments can reach uncertainty values of 1%, but for the instruments without such characterisation, that value could increase to almost 7%. The uncertainty values presented in this paper are not final, as some of the environmental contributors were not fully evaluated. The main conclusion of this work are the significance of thoughtful instrument characterisation and correction for the most significant uncertainty contributions in order to achieve a lower measurements uncertainty value.

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Vásconez, Norma Lara, Janneth Morocho, Santiago Lara, Oscar Guadalupe, Keilly Chavez, Alex Espin, Holger Vega, and Karina Coveña. "Evaluacion De Dos Instrumentos De Medicion En La Determinación Del Área Basal En Pinus Radiata." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 24 (August 31, 2017): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n24p10.

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This study compares the diameter of data obtained from utilizing two measuring instruments (the caliper and diameter tape). This instrument is the two most commonly used instruments for measuring tree diameters in forest inventory procedures. The measurement of diameter has a high implication in the estimation of the basal area and stand volume. It is therefore imperative to ensure accurate measurement of the diameter of trees in a stand. This work evaluated data taken with these two diameter measuring instruments. In order to evaluate the performance of the measuring instruments, parallel measurement of the diameter at breast height (DBH) of a sample of Pinus radiata trees in a plantation were measured. Also, the basal area of the stand was determined for both instruments. It was concluded through the analysis of variance (ANOVA) that there is no significant (p =0.958) difference between the averages of the calculated basal areas from the diameter measurements obtained by the diameter tape and the caliper. The estimated value from the diameter tape was 0,04190829, while the caliper was 0,04145599. Thus, the use of the two measurement tools led to similar results in the calculation of the cross-sectional areas of pine trees measured at breast height.

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GOTO, Shigeaki, Takemi Asai, Yoshikazu Arai, and Wei Gao. "D33 Profile Measurement of Micro-structured Surfaces by Using SPMs(Nano/micro measurement and intelligent instruments)." Proceedings of International Conference on Leading Edge Manufacturing in 21st century : LEM21 2009.5 (2009): 787–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmelem.2009.5.787.

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Montagut-Martínez, Pedro, David Pérez-Cruzado, and José Joaquín García-Arenas. "Nutritional Status Measurement Instruments for Diabetes: A Systematic Psychometric Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 16 (August 7, 2020): 5719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165719.

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Background: Diabetes is a serious chronic disease associated with a large number of complications and an increased risk of premature death. A dietary evaluation is of utmost importance for health promotion, disease prevention and individual treatment plans in patients with diabetes. Methods: An exhaustive search was carried out in various databases—Medline, Web of Science, Open Gray Cochrane Library and Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health status Measurement Instruments (COSMIN)—for systematic review of the measurement properties of instruments that evaluate the dietary intake of people with diabetes mellitus type 1 and/or 2 according to COSMIN standards. Results: Seven instruments were identified. There was no instrument measuring nutritional status for which all the psychometric properties were evaluated. The methodological quality for each of the psychometric properties evaluated was ‘inadequate’ or ‘doubtful’ for all instruments. The Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) evaluated the most psychometric characteristics and with a better score in terms of quality of the evidence. Conclusions: Several instruments have been developed for the evaluation of dietary intake in people with diabetes. Evaluation of this construct is very useful, both in clinical practice and in research, requiring new knowledge in this area. The FFQ is the best instrument available to assess dietary intake in people with diabetes.

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Beaton, Dorcas E., Caroline B. Terwee, Jasvinder A. Singh, Gillian A. Hawker, Donald L. Patrick, Laurie B. Burke, Karine Toupin-April, and Peter S. Tugwell. "A Call for Evidence-based Decision Making When Selecting Outcome Measurement Instruments for Summary of Findings Tables in Systematic Reviews: Results from an OMERACT Working Group." Journal of Rheumatology 42, no. 10 (September 15, 2015): 1954–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.141446.

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Objective.Systematic reviews often struggle with how to combine information when more than 1 instrument is used across studies being synthesized. Different techniques have been suggested based on frequency of use in the literature, or on consensus. We explore an approach blending 2 initiatives: OMERACT (Outcome Measurement in Rheumatology) and COSMIN (Consensus On Selection of Measurement Instruments), and investigate the effects of an evidence-based measurement approach on selection of outcomes.Methods.Readings were circulated to attendees registered for a preconference workshop on pain measurement. Three instruments were considered and exercises conducted to engage people in the content and measurement performance of these tools. Consensus was sought that an evidence-based approach could be created for selection of instruments for summary of findings (SoF) tables.Results.The blending of COSMIN and OMERACT approaches led to an evidence-based approach that depended both on a clear definition of target concept and a review of measurement performance of the instrument. Participants emphasized that conceptual clarity and practical considerations should come before measurement property results.Conclusion.Evidence-based approaches can be adopted for selection of instruments for SoF tables. A research agenda was formulated.

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He, Yufei, Xudong Zhao, Jianjun Wang, Fuxi Yang, Xijing Li, Changjiang Xin, Wansheng Yan, and Wentong Tian. "The operator difference in absolute geomagnetic measurements." Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems 8, no. 1 (January 30, 2019): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gi-8-21-2019.

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Abstract. Absolute geomagnetic measurement is very important at geomagnetic observatories. It plays a decisive role in data quality control and instrument calibration. As absolute geomagnetic measurements from modern fluxgate theodolite instruments have high precision, usually within 1 arcsec, the measurement results are susceptible to external factors. The operator difference is one of these factors and has become an important consideration that can not be ignored with respect to measurement results. Therefore, an experiment was designed in order to estimate the operator difference. Six fluxgate theodolites were used and six observers who were proficient in absolute measurements were invited to participate. The observers took turns making absolute geomagnetic measurements, and the operator difference between the observers for each instrument was computed by comparing baseline values using statistical methods.

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Holt, R. A. "A Comprehensive Approach to in Situ Stress Measurement." Advances in X-ray Analysis 29 (1985): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800010089.

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Recent developments in position sensitive detectors (PSD's), solid state power and computer technologies make it possible to design accurate instruments for in-situ stress measurement. Such instruments require compromises in the interests of portability, size and speed stiich may limit accuracy and/or versatility. Furthermore, extraction of a stress tensor from X-ray data is not always straightforward and considerable research is required before an instrument for X-ray stress measurement can be treated as a “black box” to be given to an uneducated operator.The development of a new instrument for in-situ stress measurement is described in this paper. It was conceived as a field instrument with two position-sensitive proportional counters (PSPC's) for use in the single exposure mode (SET), and incorporates precise angular qontrol of the incident X-ray beam and data analysis to eliminate irregular Bragg peaks owing to coarse grain structure, An experimental instrument was built tc test the concept (1).

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Bühl, J., R. Leinweber, U. Görsdorf, M. Radenz, A. Ansmann, and V. Lehmann. "Combined vertical-velocity observations with Doppler lidar, cloud radar and wind profiler." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 8, no. 8 (August 31, 2015): 3527–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-3527-2015.

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Abstract. Case studies of combined vertical-velocity measurements of Doppler lidar, cloud radar and wind profiler are presented. The measurements were taken at the Meteorological Observatory, Lindenberg, Germany. Synergistic products are presented that are derived from the vertical-velocity measurements of the three instruments: a comprehensive classification mask of vertically moving atmospheric targets and the terminal fall velocity of water droplets and ice crystals corrected for vertical air motion. It is shown that this combination of instruments can up-value the measurement values of each single instrument and may allow the simultaneous sensing of atmospheric targets and the motion of clear air.

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Pätz, H. W., A. Volz-Thomas, M. I. Hegglin, D. Brunner, H. Fischer, and U. Schmidt. "In-situ comparison of the NO<sub>y</sub> instruments flown in MOZAIC and SPURT." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 6, no. 9 (June 29, 2006): 2401–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-2401-2006.

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Abstract. Two aircraft instruments for the measurement of total odd nitrogen (NOy) were compared side by side aboard a Learjet A35 in April 2003 during a campaign of the AFO2000 project SPURT (Spurengastransport in der Tropopausenregion). The instruments albeit employing the same measurement principle (gold converter and chemiluminescence) had different inlet configurations. The ECO-Physics instrument operated by ETH-Zürich in SPURT had the gold converter mounted outside the aircraft, whereas the instrument operated by FZ-Jülich in the European project MOZAIC III (Measurements of ozone, water vapour, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides aboard Airbus A340 in-service aircraft) employed a Rosemount probe with 80 cm of FEP-tubing connecting the inlet to the gold converter. The NOy concentrations during the flight ranged between 0.3 and 3 ppb. The two data sets were compared in a blind fashion and each team followed its normal operating procedures. On average, the measurements agreed within 7%, i.e. within the combined uncertainty of the two instruments. This puts an upper limit on potential losses of HNO3 in the Rosemount inlet of the MOZAIC instrument. Larger transient deviations were observed during periods after calibrations and when the aircraft entered the stratosphere. The time lag of the MOZAIC instrument observed in these instances is in accordance with the time constant of the MOZAIC inlet line determined in the laboratory for HNO3.

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Pätz, H. W., A. Volz-Thomas, M. I. Hegglin, D. Brunner, H. Fischer, and U. Schmidt. "In-situ comparison of the NO<sub>y</sub> instruments flown in MOZAIC and SPURT." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 6, no. 1 (January 18, 2006): 649–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-6-649-2006.

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Abstract. Two aircraft instruments for the measurement of total odd nitrogen (NOy) were compared side by side aboard a Learjet A35 in April 2003 during a campaign of the AFO2000 project SPURT (Spurengastransport in der Tropopausenregion). The instruments albeit employing the same measurement principle (gold converter and chemiluminescence) had different inlet configurations. The ECO-Physics instrument operated by ETH-Zürich in SPURT had the gold converter mounted outside the aircraft, whereas the instrument operated by FZ-Jülich in the European project MOZAIC III (Measurements of ozone, water vapour, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides aboard Airbus A340 in-service aircraft) employed a Rosemount probe with 80 cm of FEP-tubing connecting the inlet to the gold converter. The NOy concentrations during the flight ranged between 0.3 and 3 ppb. The two data sets were compared in a blind fashion and each team followed its normal operating procedures. On average, the measurements agreed within 6%, i.e. within the combined uncertainty of the two instruments. This puts an upper limit on potential losses of HNO3 in the Rosemount inlet of the MOZAIC instrument. Larger transient deviations were observed during periods after calibrations and when the aircraft entered the stratosphere. The time lag of the MOZAIC instrument observed in these instances is in accordance with the time constant of the MOZAIC inlet line determined in the laboratory for HNO3.

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Kremser, Stefanie, Jordis S. Tradowsky, Henning W. Rust, and Greg E. Bodeker. "Is it feasible to estimate radiosonde biases from interlaced measurements?" Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 11, no. 5 (May 24, 2018): 3021–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-3021-2018.

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Abstract. Upper-air measurements of essential climate variables (ECVs), such as temperature, are crucial for climate monitoring and climate change detection. Because of the internal variability of the climate system, many decades of measurements are typically required to robustly detect any trend in the climate data record. It is imperative for the records to be temporally homogeneous over many decades to confidently estimate any trend. Historically, records of upper-air measurements were primarily made for short-term weather forecasts and as such are seldom suitable for studying long-term climate change as they lack the required continuity and homogeneity. Recognizing this, the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) Reference Upper-Air Network (GRUAN) has been established to provide reference-quality measurements of climate variables, such as temperature, pressure, and humidity, together with well-characterized and traceable estimates of the measurement uncertainty. To ensure that GRUAN data products are suitable to detect climate change, a scientifically robust instrument replacement strategy must always be adopted whenever there is a change in instrumentation. By fully characterizing any systematic differences between the old and new measurement system a temporally homogeneous data series can be created. One strategy is to operate both the old and new instruments in tandem for some overlap period to characterize any inter-instrument biases. However, this strategy can be prohibitively expensive at measurement sites operated by national weather services or research institutes. An alternative strategy that has been proposed is to alternate between the old and new instruments, so-called interlacing, and then statistically derive the systematic biases between the two instruments. Here we investigate the feasibility of such an approach specifically for radiosondes, i.e. flying the old and new instruments on alternating days. Synthetic data sets are used to explore the applicability of this statistical approach to radiosonde change management.

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Shishkin, Sergey B., and Boris V. Shishkin. "SYSTEMATIC INACCURACY IN ANGLE MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENTS." Scholarly Notes of Komsomolsk-na-Amure State Technical University 1, no. 13 (March 30, 2013): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17084/2013.i-1(13).8.

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Cabane, Lydie, and Josiane Tantchou. "Measurement instruments and policies in Africa." Revue d'anthropologie des connaissances 10,2, no. 2 (2016): a. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rac.031.a.

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KIM, Dae Young. "Instruments for measurement of small photocurrent." Journal of the Spectroscopical Society of Japan 38, no. 5 (1989): 375–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5111/bunkou.38.375.

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Nuccio, Salvatore, and Ciro Spataro. "Assessment of virtual instruments measurement uncertainty." Computer Standards & Interfaces 23, no. 1 (March 2001): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-5489(01)00058-7.

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Hlebec, Valentina, and Anuška Ferligoj. "Reliability of Social Network Measurement Instruments." Field Methods 14, no. 3 (August 2002): 288–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15222x014003003.

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Ferligoj, Anuška, and Valentina Hlebec. "Evaluation of social network measurement instruments." Social Networks 21, no. 2 (April 1999): 111–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-8733(99)00007-6.

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Davenport, Rachael B., Catherine R. Voutier, and Emma C. Veysey. "Outcome Measurement Instruments for Provoked Vulvodynia." Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease 22, no. 4 (October 2018): 396–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/lgt.0000000000000418.

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Rice, Karen L. "Understanding the Fundamentals of Measurement Instruments." Clinical Nurse Specialist 27, no. 5 (2013): 224–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nur.0b013e3182a0b9c9.

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