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Marzuki, Ainulashikin, and Andrew Worthington. "Comparative performance-related fund flows for Malaysian Islamic and conventional equity funds." International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management 8, no. 3 (August 17, 2015): 380–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imefm-10-2012-0103.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to compare the fund flow – performance relationship for Islamic and conventional equity funds in Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach – The authors use panel regression models to estimate the relationship between fund flows and performance for Islamic and conventional equity funds in Malaysia from 2001 to 2009. The data for each fund include fund flows, assets under management, management expenses, fund age, portfolio turnover, fund risk and return and the number of funds in the fund’s family. The authors also include market returns and year effects. The sample consists of 127 Malaysian equity funds with at least 65 per cent domestic equity holdings comprising 35 Islamic and 92 conventional equity funds. Findings – Islamic fund investors respond to performance in much the same way as conventional fund investors, increasing fund flows to better performing funds and decreasing fund flows to poorer performing funds. However, there is also evidence that Islamic fund investors are relatively less responsive toward poorly performing Islamic funds, suggesting an asymmetry in the expected positive fund flow – performance relationship, but only for Islamic fund investors. When choosing funds based on other fund attributes, Islamic fund investors again exhibit similar behaviour, and like conventional fund investors direct larger percentage fund flows into smaller funds as well as funds with larger past fund flows and higher expense ratios. Research limitations/implications – The authors were only able to access data on annual net fund flows not quarterly or monthly fund inflows and outflows as usual in developed markets and this may obscure some important aspects of investor decision-making. There is also insufficient data for matched-sample techniques, which may better control for fund-specific characteristics. Practical implications – Islamic funds like conventional funds will experience increased fund flows with better performance and vice versa. However, Islamic fund investors appear somewhat less likely to remove monies from poorly performing funds. The authors believe this is because investors either place a premium on the non-return attributes of Shariah-compliant funds and/or wish to avoid search costs in finding another suitable Islamic fund. Apart from this, Islamic and conventional fund investors behave in a similar manner, and the authors believe that this is possible in Malaysia given the size and diversity of its Islamic fund sector. Originality/value – This paper is one of the very few empirical studies concerning the behaviour of Islamic investors, particularly in Malaysia, primarily because of limitations in data availability.
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Lima, Diana Vaz de, and André Carlos Busanelli de Aquino. "Financial resilience of municipal civil servants’ pension funds." Revista Contabilidade & Finanças 30, no. 81 (December 2019): 425–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1808-057x201908810.
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ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to analyze the responses and the repetitive pattern of financial resilience which emerge within the civil servants’ pension funds (RPPS, in Portuguese) of local governments in Brazil. The analysis extends the traditional financial resilience approach discussing the emergence of vulnerability from the sponsor and RPPS interaction, often stimulated by the lock-in effect from the federal regulation, which constrains the space for transformative responses. Financial resilience is a concern usually applied to governments’ response to crises, but not for pension funds. However, the long-term objective of such funds when juxtaposed to short-term pressures conduce a paradoxical standpoint for fund’s managers absorbing the pressures. The impact of this article to the pension funds and the regulatory field is the proposition that the growing vulnerability of RPPS regimes comes from the insufficient governance belt protecting them, which would be a necessary and applicable remedy to any pension funds reform the country decides to take . It was applied a sequential mixed-method approach, starting by interviews with fund managers, actuarial consultants and representatives of the Ministry of Finance's Pension Secretariat (SPREV), to identify the usual responses to emerging financial pressures which affect the funds’ financial performance. Secondly, four from the identified typical responses were selected and analyzed through financial and accounting data to detect the response for about 1,8 thousand funds from 2014 to 2016. Based on the frequency of the adopted responses by each fund, it was proposed a recurrent financial resilience pattern, and how the managers’ responses vary according to the vulnerability provoked by the City Hall’s decisions. It was observed that the City Halls accommodate budgetary pressures failing to transfer or downsizing the contributions to the fund, increasing the fund’s vulnerability. The managers consequently respond subjoining the reserves to pay pensioners, reinforcing the fund’s vulnerability. Such response is a weak resilience pattern, which reinforces the funds’ vulnerability due to governance gaps and the lock-in effect proposed by Pike, Dawley & Tomaney (2010), which constrains the local agents’ capacity to perceive and find solutions more transformative and actives looking for financial sustainability.
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Watson, John R., N. Allen, Kok Fai Phoon, and Jayasinghe Wickramanayake. "Investing into the abyss: The continued misclassification of multi-sector managed funds." Corporate Ownership and Control 8, no. 1 (2010): 600–623. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv8i1c6p3.
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The objective of this paper is to assess whether Australian multi-sector managed funds are misclassified, and then, having found this to be the case, determine if this misclassification has any impact on fund performance. We adopt a strong form of returns based style analysis to investigate a monthly sample of Australian multi-sector funds over the five-year sample period 2003:04-2008:03. The evidence provided demonstrates that insufficient attention has been paid as to whether fund managers are able to keep within their tactical asset allocation ranges and presents that misclassification exist for Australian multi-sector managed funds but that the effect on fund performance is not significant. The paper adds to the literature by demonstrating that no association exists between misclassification and fund performance.
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Charoenrook, Anchada, and Pantisa Pavabutr. "A Window into Thai Mutual Fund Managers’ Perception and Decision-Making Process." Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies 20, no. 03 (August 14, 2017): 1750020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219091517500205.
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This paper identifies key features of the Thai mutual fund industry and analyzes determinants of those characteristics using unique survey data from 45% of fund managers registered in Thailand in 2012. The Thai mutual fund industry has some unique characteristics. It has experienced rapid growth and is dominated by bank-related funds that are mostly fixed income funds. Equity allocation of the fund industry and our sample funds are below optimal allocation benchmarks. However, country-level allocation is close to optimal, suggesting that Thai investors who invest in equity prefer to do so directly rather than through equity mutual funds. Fund managers perceive that too much regulation, investors’ preference for deposits and insufficient liquidity limit growth in their equity investments. Managers in our survey indicate that investors do not consider expense ratio and management fee important in determining mutual fund investments. This is contrary to general investment recommendations. Thai bank-related fund managers believe that investors place more importance to brand reputation than performance, whereas foreign fund managers view performance as more important. Thai bank fund managers are more concerned about local interest rates than Thai non-bank and foreign fund managers.
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Mulligan, Kate. "VA Gets Insufficient Funds For PTSD Care, APA Testifies." Psychiatric News 39, no. 8 (April 16, 2004): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/pn.39.8.0012.
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Li, Xiao, and Gang Liu. "Can fund shareholding inhibit insufficient R&D input?——Empirical evidence from Chinese listed companies." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 25, 2021): e0248674. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248674.
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Based on the principal-agent theory and the financial management theory, this study analyzes the impact of fund shareholding on corporate insufficient R&D input, and explores the action mechanism of fund shareholding on corporate innovation activities. The results show that fund shareholding is helpful to inhibit the insufficient R&D input. Moreover, this inhibiting effect is mainly reflected in the case of higher risk of financial failure. The further analyses show that the higher level of marketization strengthens the inhibiting effect of fund shareholding on insufficient R&D input. Finally, it is suggested that fund companies should be encouraged to hold shares of listed companies, and the proposal power of fund companies in the shareholders’ meeting should be appropriately enhanced. And it is suggested that the regulators continue to promote the development of securities investment funds, and guide fund shareholding to play an active role in external governance. Also, it is suggested that the regulators promote the process of regional marketization, to strengthen the positive effect of fund shareholding on innovation activities.
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Chung, Angie Y. "Insufficient Funds: The Culture of Money in Low-Wage Transnational Families." Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews 44, no. 5 (August 31, 2015): 721–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094306115599351fff.
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Mahmud, Hasan. "Insufficient Funds: The Culture of Money in Low-wage Transnational Families." European Journal of Development Research 27, no. 2 (March 27, 2015): 331–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/ejdr.2014.46.
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Nelson, Margaret K. "Insufficient Funds: Savings, Assets, Credit, and Banking Among Low-Income Households." Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews 39, no. 5 (September 2010): 552–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094306110380384f.
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Golovko, A. "ENDOWMENT FUND ESTABLISHMENT AS A RESPOND TO THE CHALLENGES OF THE EPOCH." ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, no. 131 (2017): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/apmv.2017.131.0.88-93.
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Insufficient funding forces universities to search for innovative models of additional financing. The multichannel financing of education and science, based on combination of budgetary and extrabudgetary funding, becomes dominant position. The special place among extrabudgetary funding occupies the establishment of specific fund for national, meaningful projects financing (endowment). Endowment funds activity is supported by the first point of Bologna declaration, that proclaims higher education institutions the establishments that bear all responsibility for the future of the state, and, consequently, such, that must be apt neither to political, nor economic, nor social, nor other influences. World practice of endowments, the legislative framework of endowments, universities advantages due to endowment establishment, factors that confirm actuality of creation of such funds are analyzed in the article.
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Ilahi Mohd Sabri, Ihsan, Nik Abdul Rahim Nik Abdul Ghani, and Azlin Alisa Ahmad. "THE NEED TO INTEGRATE ZAKAT AND WAKAF IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MICRO TAKAFUL MODEL." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 5 (May 31, 2021): 220–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12828.
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Micro Takaful is an affordable alternative protection policy for those who cannot afford a high-end level protection policy. However, many in the low-income group do not own a personal or family protection policy because they cannot afford the monthly premium rates. Zakat and wakaf could become an alternative source of funds for developing micro takaful. This qualitative study intends to explain the need to integrate zakat funds and wakaf in order to develop micro takaful. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews involving three institutions, namely Syarikat Takaful Malaysia Keluarga Berhad, Muftis Office in the Federal Territories Islamic Religious Council and the Muftis Office in the Selangor Islamic Religious Council. Findings show that there are two major pressing needs for integrating zakat and wakaf, which are to provide a huge risk savings fund and to support an insufficient zakat fund and wakaf.
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Ridho, Faiznur, Bambang B. Soebyakto, and Haerawati Idris. "ANALYSIS OF MANAGEMENT AND UTILIZATION OF CAPITATION FUND DENTISTS IN THE CITY OF PALEMBANG AND LUBUKLINGGAU." Indonesian Journal of Public Health 15, no. 2 (August 4, 2020): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijph.v15i2.2020.162-172.
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Primary dentists at the era of the National Health Insurance are only paid IDR2,000 each patient. The Capitation funds can not cover the cost of services that must be spent. The payment system must be improved because it is related to the quality of service. The aims of this study to analyze the management and utilization of dental capitation funds including the bottlenecks and to generate solutions in the implementation of JKN. This research was descriptive with qualitative approach. The informants of the study were 16 (sixteen) dentists as an independent practitioners and pratama clinics in Palembang and Lubuklinggau with highest and lowest capitation coverage. Data were analyzed by data reduction, data presentation, conclusion drawing and verification. The result showed that there was a disparity in capitation fund income received by dentists both as an independent practitioners and pratama clinic. Not all dentists get the ideal number of participants 1: 10,000. Dentists with low capitation norms have difficulty to set their operational funds. The budget for operational cost is bigger than services cost. Revenues compared to capitation funds are still lacking. Most capitation funds for primary dentists are insufficient and still rely on fee for service patients. The government should set dental capitation norm and regulation for National Health Insurance era.Key words: dentist, capitation, clinic, utilization, regulation
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Chong, Shyue Chuan, Han Kok Heng, Siok Jin Lim, Vejaratnam Navaratnam, and Andaeus Zun Khan Neoh. "Financial Risk Tolerance: The Case of Older Chinese in Klang Valley, Malaysia 2020." International Journal of Financial Research 12, no. 2 (January 11, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v12n2p1.
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Ageing demographic profiles pose challenges to the nation as policymakers are concerned about the health, public pension and the financial management of the society. In Malaysia, retirees are mostly dependent on savings from the Employees Provident Fund (EPF), a government agency that manages savings and retirement plans for private-sector employees and non-pensionable public servants. Many Malaysians aged past the targeted retirement age of 60 years old chose to remain in the workforce, mainly due to insufficient retirement funds or has depleted their retirement funds in a short period. To ensure sufficient funds to attain an ideal retirement life, Malaysians resort to invest or seek business opportunities. Thus, this paper studies the impact of demographic characteristics (sex, age, and educational level) and finance characteristics (financial knowledge and financial satisfaction) on the risk tolerance among older Malaysian Chinese in the year 2020. The results of this study showed that the older Malaysian Chinese risk tolerance is highly influenced by sex, age, education level, financial knowledge and financial satisfaction.
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Chong, Shyue Chuan, Han Kok Heng, Siok Jin Lim, Vejaratnam Navaratnam, and Andaeus Zun Khan Neoh. "Financial Risk Tolerance: The Case of Older Chinese in Klang Valley, Malaysia 2020." International Journal of Financial Research 12, no. 2 (January 11, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v12n2p1.
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Ageing demographic profiles pose challenges to the nation as policymakers are concerned about the health, public pension and the financial management of the society. In Malaysia, retirees are mostly dependent on savings from the Employees Provident Fund (EPF), a government agency that manages savings and retirement plans for private-sector employees and non-pensionable public servants. Many Malaysians aged past the targeted retirement age of 60 years old chose to remain in the workforce, mainly due to insufficient retirement funds or has depleted their retirement funds in a short period. To ensure sufficient funds to attain an ideal retirement life, Malaysians resort to invest or seek business opportunities. Thus, this paper studies the impact of demographic characteristics (sex, age, and educational level) and finance characteristics (financial knowledge and financial satisfaction) on the risk tolerance among older Malaysian Chinese in the year 2020. The results of this study showed that the older Malaysian Chinese risk tolerance is highly influenced by sex, age, education level, financial knowledge and financial satisfaction.
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Mao, Shuai, and Ping Ping Cheng. "Research on Domestic Non-Governmental Capital Investment Mode of Mining Wasteland." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 1884–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.1884.
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The ecological environmental protection and improvement need massive funds, and these funds mostly belong to the historical account and there’s little economic benefits. Under the condition of socialist market economy, the fund performance is not initiative and positive, unable to achieve the diversification of investment. At the same time, management time of the midium- and small-sized mining wasteland of mines is relatively short, The tax of environmental restoration for mining the mining enterprises have paid is insufficient to use in carrying on completely renovation the destroyed land. Therefore, this article analyzed the domestic non-governmental capital which invests the medium and small sized mining destroyed field based on systems dynamics, and to explore the feasibility of mining improvement as well as discuss private capital investment patterns in order to find the proper governance mode and methods.
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Pimpare, Stephen. "Book Review: Insufficient Funds: Savings, Assets, Credit, and Banking Among Low-Income Households." Review of Radical Political Economics 44, no. 3 (May 22, 2012): 411–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0486613411427027.
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Olgić Draženović, Bojana. "VOLUNTARY PENSION FUNDS IN CROATIA: INVESTMENT PERFORMANCE AND INCENTIVES." DIEM: Dubrovnik International Economic Meeting 6, no. 1 (September 2021): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17818/diem/2021/1.13.
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Saving for the third age is extremely important in the conditions of an uncertainty in the global economy, unfavorable demographic trends and the related problem of fiscal imbalances. In order to improve the sustainability of the Croatian three-pillar pension system, there have been recent attempts to significantly increase the role of voluntary pension insurance and other forms of saving for the third age. The aim of such measures is to reduce the increasing dependence of pension beneficiaries on payments from the state budget and to achieve a more sustainable pension system. Measures to encourage voluntary saving in Croatia are the state incentives for the insured and the tax benefits for employers. Despite the numerous investment advantages and government incentives for this form of saving, voluntary pension funds in Croatia are still among the least developed institutional investors, considering the amount of assets and the number of members. The question arises as to the reasons for the relative disregard of these financial institutions and the low interest of the working population in Croatia. The aim of this paper is to analyze the performance of voluntary pension funds and identify the reasons for the insufficient capitalised savings in the third pension pillar in Croatia. Keywords: Croatian pension system, voluntary pension funds, financial literacy, governement incentives
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Harun, Taryana. "FACTORS WHICH INFLUENCE LIQUID ASSETS IN SHARIA BANKS: A CASE STUDY OF PT BANK SYARIAH MANDIRI 2016-2017." Mega Aktiva: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen 9, no. 2 (August 28, 2020): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.32833/majem.v9i2.114.
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Banks manage liquidity carefully because of differences in fund tenor collected and channeled. Meanwhile, at the same time, it must fulfill transaction needs, reserve requirement, current liabilities, and be cautious in facing sudden liquidity needs. Therefore, bankshold a sufficient amount of liquid assets. Liquidity management tends to be a trade-off. On one side, insufficient liquid assets can cause banks to be unable to carry out transactions with its customers or fulfill its maturity obligations. On another side, high liquid assets can result in a lost opportunity, because the liquid assets do not provide a return. The purpose of this research is to analyze what factors influence the level of banks liquid assets. This research was conducted using a dual regression model to analyze the variables studied, with a case study of PT Bank Syariah Mandiri from 2016-2017.The dependent variable was the level of liquid assets. Meanwhile, the independent variables were the amount of third party funds, financing growth, financial market access between banks, current liabilities, and previous month profit. The research results reveal that two variables are statistically significant towards bank liquid assets, which are third-party funds and previous month profit. Third-party funds and previous month profit have a positive and significat influence towards liquid assets. Meanwhile, the other variables do not significantly determined liquid assets.
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Charmaille, J.-P., M. G. Clarke, J. Harding, C. Hildebrand, I. W. Mckinlay, S. R. Rice, and P. Reynolds. "Financial Management of the UK Pension Protection Fund." British Actuarial Journal 18, no. 2 (January 23, 2013): 345–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135732171200044x.
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AbstractThe UK Pension Protection Fund (PPF) was established in April 2005 to protect the pensions of members of UK private sector defined benefit pension schemes which have insufficient assets and whose corporate sponsor fails. The Fund takes over the pension scheme assets and assumes responsibility for the payment of compensation to the former members of the scheme. The PPF is funded by a levy on the population of eligible schemes. This paper discusses the application of Enterprise Risk Management principles and techniques to the unique situation of the PPF. The elements of the financial management of the Fund have been developed by reference to practice within proprietary insurance institutions and within pension funds. The paper will be of interest and, we hope, of some value to students, researchers and analysts and also to the PPF's own stakeholder groups that have a stake in an effective pension protection regime.
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Othman, Anwar Hasan Abdullah, Ahamed Kameel, and Hasanuddeen Abdul Aziz. "Relationship between Macroeconomic Variables and Net Asset Value (NAV) of Islamic Equity Unit Trust Funds: Cointegration Evidence from Malaysian Unit Trust Industry." GATR Global Journal of Business Social Sciences Review 1, no. 3 (August 27, 2013): 02–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gjbssr.2013.1.3(2).
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Objective - Even though the unit trust industry witnessed high growth in portfolios size, performances and regulations, however, there is still insufficient understanding of various aspects of the industry such as the lack of information on the funds' unit price behavior and their trend in the long-term investment. This study, therefore, aims to investigate the long-run relationship between the chosen macroeconomic factors and the NAV of the Islamic equity unit trust funds as well as the effect of the (2007-2008) global financial crisis on the performance of Islamic equity unit trust funds and their unit prices. Methodology/Technique - The study utilized Vector Autoregression (VAR) framework in order to analyze this relationship over the period January 2006 to December 2012 using monthly data. Findings - The findings of the investigations confirmed that the selected macro-economic variables do share long-run relationship with the NAV of the Islamic equity unit trust funds in the Malaysian capital market. Novelty - A successful innovation of the relationship between the funds NAV and the selected macroeconomic variables will assist the entire interested group, such as, investors, management of the funds, government agencies, industry players and policy makers to estimate the future trend direction of the NAV and accordingly decide on the operational, managerial, and sustainable growth decisions. Type of Paper - Empirical Paper Keywords: , Islamic Equity Unit Trust Funds; Macroeconomic Variables; Malaysia
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Perić, Jože. "Privatization of Croatian hotel industry, situation and difficulties." Tourism and hospitality management 3, no. 2 (1997): 363–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.20867/thm.3.2.12.
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Within last years there where no essential changes in privatization of Croatian hotel industry. In the ownership structure dominate State (funds) and subjects (banks, insurance companies, INA...) mostly owned by State (funds). It is more evident the interdependence between privatization and social transition, specially economic and political, as a whole. Between the limits is the insufficient domestic accumulation and humble inflow of foreign direct investments. Specific difficulties come out from the estimated value of enterprises in hotel industry, their economic efficiency, restructuration and absents of the new ideas and models in privatization. The dominant owners (State) should define the Program of consolidation and privatization based on the new evaluation of the nature and capital profitability.
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Bengtsson, Elias. "Investment funds, shadow banking and systemic risk." Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance 24, no. 1 (February 8, 2016): 60–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfrc-12-2014-0051.
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Purpose – This paper aims to consider the role of investment funds in the credit intermediation process and discuss various forms of systemic risk their involvement might give rise to. It concludes by drawing some conclusions on the policy challenges facing authorities charged with regulating shadow banking. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based on findings from prior research and statistics. Findings – On a general level, the paper shows that even though traditional investment funds and hedge funds may be very different in terms of their investment strategies and business models, some of them share several commonalities from a systemic risk perspective. More specifically, it discusses how instability in the funding profile of investment funds may threaten their ability to substitute banks’ maturity and liquidity transformation; that their potential funding liquidity shortages, asset reallocations and leverage may contribute to procyclicality in credit and market runs on the systemic money and short-term credit markets; and that insufficient risk separation may elude managerial and supervisory oversight, and force banks to reduce or interrupt credit intermediation. Research limitations/implications – The paper points to the lack of timely and comprehensive data for uncovering the stages and entities involved in shadow banking. Without sufficient data, the task of policy bodies, regulators or macroprudential authorities to fully grasp shadow banking and its contribution to systemic risk is daunting. Originality/value – The paper represents (to the author’ knowledge) the first analysis of the role of investments in shadow banking.
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Eremchenko, О. А., and F. A. Kurakov. "Investment Strategies and Tools of Foreign and Russian Universities." Economics of Science 7, no. 2 (July 26, 2021): 88–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2410-132x-2020-7-2-88-110.
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In the context of the increasing competitiveness of the scientific and educational environment, the emergence of parallel educational systems, and the instability of budgetary spending on education and science, university administrators are faced with the task of finding a balance between the commercial and academic needs of universities. For Russian universities, the issues of diversifying financing and increasing investment activity are of particular relevance. This issue is crucial for entrepreneurial universities, which face the acute problem of resource provision for scientific and engineering problems. This encourages universities focused on applied problem-oriented research and commercialization of results to expand and diversify their funding sources, including through the implementation of new investment strategies.This study aimed to analyze the volumes and models of foreign universities’ investment activities and assess the prospects for reproducing such investment practices in Russian universities.It is shown that leading foreign universities successfully combines scientific, educational, and innovative activities with investment while using a wide range of tools and professional management companies. In the last decade (2011–2020), they have been seen as participants in mergers and acquisitions, the objects of which are most often university startups. As a result, universities have high incomes, new strategic partners, and the geography of investors is expanding. It is noted that most domestic university endowment funds have insufficient funds for investment activities, which makes it expedient to create a University Fund Fund as a new financial instrument for the development of academic entrepreneurship in the country’s regions.
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Alumu, Alphonse Horrai, and Amina Hassan. "Challenges of Decentralization of Primary Education in Bukedea District." INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF EDUCATION (IJE) 2, no. 1 (May 26, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.53449/ije.v2i1.75.
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The study was about decentralization challenges in Government Aided Primary Schools in Bukedea District. The objectives were; to identify the challenges of decentralized supervision practices and assess the challenges of decentralized financial management practices. The study used both qualitative and quantitative approaches and employed a descriptive cross-sectional survey design. A sample size of 329 respondents were selected out of a population of 781, these were 1 District Education Official, 4 District Inspectors of Schools, 248 School Management Committee Members and 76 head teachers. The study used a questionnaire, interview guide and documentary reviews to collect data. Descriptive statistics was to analyse data; and challenges of the decentralized supervision practices were found to include: inadequate supervision mechanisms, insufficient funding for supervision processes, inadequate formal training on effective supervision, inadequate linkage of supervision objectives to performance of teachers and limited numbers of supervisors. The decentralized financial challenges included: insufficient funds, delayed quarterly government release of funds, and lack of financial cost sharing practices. The study recommended that head teachers and district education supervisors need to adopt supervision practices that are fully linked to performance at both school and district level, and district education officials ought to roll out massive financial management strategies to help head teachers deal with such challenges.
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FUFAEV, M. D., and M. N. ERMAKOVA. "ANALYSIS OF THE PARTICIPATION OF DOMESTIC COMPANIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FINANCIAL MARKET." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 2, no. 2 (2021): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2021.02.02.004.
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The article is devoted to the study of the reasons for the insufficient development of the financial market in Russia, as well as possible ways to increase its capacity. Using the example of Russian retail organizations, it is shown that companies have a sufficient amount of financial resources to invest free funds in the Russian financial market. It is necessary to motivate domestic organizations, to increase their interest and the availa-bility of transactions with financial instruments.
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Park, Edwin, Leighton Ku, and Matthew Broaddus. "OMB Estimates Indicate That 900,000 Children Will Lose Health Insurance Due to Reductions in Federal Schip Funding." International Journal of Health Services 33, no. 2 (April 2003): 369–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/cpd3-pgvg-clqd-jca1.
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Despite the success of the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) in reducing the ranks of uninsured children, the program now faces significant financing challenges. Analysis based on a model developed by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services indicates that by 2007, 20 states will have insufficient federal funding to sustain their current programs, with the first states affected in 2004. As a result, the Office of Management and Budget projected last year that SCHIP enrollment will fall by 900,000 children between 2003 and 2007. The funding shortfalls are the result of several factors. Federal SCHIP funding fell by 26 percent—by more than $1 billion—in each of fiscal years 2002, 2003, and 2004; $1.2 billion in SCHIP funds has already expired and reverted to the Treasury at the end of fiscal year 2002, and another $1.5 billion will expire at the end of 2003. The SCHIP program also has a redistribution system with targeting and timing problems. However, proposed Congressional legislation restoring federal funding, extending the $2.7 billion in expiring funds, and targeting the funds to the states that most need them could avert most, if not all, of the projected enrollment decline. On the other hand, the Bush administration proposed to extend the expiring funds but does not target them to needy states; the proposal will do little to reduce the magnitude of the decline.
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Howie, Erin K., and E. Doyle Stevick. "The “Ins” and “Outs” of Physical Activity Policy Implementation: Inadequate Capacity, Inappropriate Outcome Measures, and Insufficient Funds." Journal of School Health 84, no. 9 (August 13, 2014): 581–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/josh.12182.
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Opoku, Maxwell Peprah, William Nketsia, Elvis Agyei-Okyere, and Wisdom Kwadwo Mprah. "Extending social protection to persons with disabilities: Exploring the accessibility and the impact of the Disability Fund on the lives of persons with disabilities in Ghana." Global Social Policy 19, no. 3 (December 24, 2018): 225–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468018118818275.
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In many low-income countries, persons with disabilities are consistently denied access to essential services, contributing to a high incidence of poverty among them. The Goal 1 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) exhorts countries to develop appropriate social protection to serve as a springboard to alleviate poverty among all persons. The government of Ghana has introduced Disability Fund to provide one-off financial support to persons with disabilities through its decentralised political units. This is to enable persons with disability to participate in socio-economic activities. However, after a decade of the establishment of the fund, anecdotal evidence still shows that many persons with disabilities continue to live in deplorable conditions. Therefore, the main aim of this qualitative study was to explore the beneficial impact of the fund on the lives of persons with disabilities in Ghana. A semi-structured interview guide was used to collect data from 48 participants, comprising 20 males and 28 females with disabilities. The narratives from the participants revealed that only a few were able to access the fund. In their quest to access the fund, participants encountered barriers, such as lack of information, delays in disbursement and insufficient funds. The findings underscore the need for re-evaluation of the administration of Disability Fund and its disbursement processes. The implications of the findings for policy reform are extensively discussed.
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Oche, Alex. "Comparative analysis of green bond regimes in Nigeria and China." Journal of Sustainable Development Law and Policy (The) 11, no. 1 (November 10, 2020): 160–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jsdlp.v11i1.8.
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Climate change has taken the centre stage in the debate of most governments around the world. At regional and international levels, efforts are being made to manage the problems emanating as a result of climate change. Response to the climate change can be summarized under two headings, namely, adaptation and mitigation measures. These measures do not come by cheaply, however. They are capital intensive; hence private sector funds will be needed to fund these adaptation and mitigation projects as public sector funding has remained insufficient. One way to mobilize private sector funds to tackle climate change is by using green bonds. But for green bonds to achieve its potentials as a sustainable investment tool, there must be a solid regulatory framework for the green bond market. Towards that end, this article analyses soft law instruments as well as national green bond regulations of Nigeria and China. It has been discovered that the Climate Bonds Standard and the Green Bond Principles form the basis of most jurisdictions of green bond regulations. nevertheless, due to regulatory arbitrage, there is no consensus green standard, and this poses a governance challenge to the green bond market. The article concludes that much of the responsibilities in setting green standards and enforcement of green standards rest on the domestic green bond regulations, and this can only be achieved with water-tight regulations for green bonds at domestic levels.
Keywords: Climate Change; Green Bonds; Nigeria; China.
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Wu, Shenghong, Pei Mu, Jiaxian Shen, and Wenyi Wang. "An Incentive Mechanism Model of Credit Behavior of SMEs Based on the Perspective of Credit Default Swaps." Complexity 2020 (December 2, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6639636.
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The rapid development of credit default swap (CDS) market has changed the manner of credit risk management of banks to some extent and has had a new influence on the bank-enterprise credit model. In this study, the credit financing process of credit risk in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) gathers within a bank, which makes it difficult for SMEs to raise funds. On the basis of the perspective of CDS, we construct an incentive game model of bank-enterprise credit behavior and analyze the influence mechanism of the credit financing of SMEs on CDS contract coupon rate, CDS payout ratio, bank-enterprise credit effort, and loan recovery rate when considering CDS. The result shows that the CDS contract leads to insufficient supervision after a bank loan, the moral hazard of the SMEs rises, and the probability of credit default events increases. In addition, in view of CDS, the SMEs can access more credit funds.
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Gachenge, Lydiah, Thomas Githui, and Robert Gathaiya. "THE EFFECTS OF DONOR FUNDING ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SEXUAL REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH NGOS IN MOMBASA COUNTY." International Journal of Finance 6, no. 3 (September 26, 2021): 21–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/ijf.687.
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Purpose: Local Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) play crucial role in uplifting livelihoods and overall economic development in Kenya. However, several local NGOs have experienced dwindling performance as a result of insufficient donor funding. It is in this vein that the current study assessed the effects of donor funding on the organizational performance of local sexual reproductive health NGOs in Mombasa County. The specific study objectives included; to establish the effect of availability of donor funds, funds management, and capacity building on the performance of local NGOs.
Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive survey research design while the target population was all the employees of sexual reproductive health NGOs in Mombasa County. The study used simple random sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was self-administered to all employees of the 14 NGOs. The study utilized descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. Diagnostic tests such as normality and multicollinearity were used.
Results: The research found that funds’ management, funds’ availability, capacity building, and government policies had positive relationship with NGOs project performance. The study concludes that NGOs had various sources of funding. It concludes that the NGOs ensured funds’ management by employing qualified accounting staff, embracing openness for regular donor evaluations, ensuring financial disclosures to stakeholders. The study concludes that NGOs’ staff had adequate experience in running projects. It was concluded that there was no level business environment for local NGOs, the available government NGO operation policies were unfriendly and the Co-ordination Act needed improvement.
Unique contribution to theory, policy and practice: The study recommends that all NGOs should continue sourcing for multiple reliable funders. The study recommend that all NGOs should uphold proper planning for finances, monitoring, evaluation, and budgeting control to ensure accountability to promote successful completion of projects. The study recommends that NGOs’ staff should be subjected to regular timely task-oriented training.
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Yulianti, Yulianti, and Dyah Nirmala Arum Janie. "VILLAGE GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS' UNDERSTANDING OF THE VILLAGE FINANCIAL SYSTEM INDICATORS: A CONFIRMATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 8, no. 1 (January 28, 2020): 389–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.8150.
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Purpose of the study: The research inspiration is the implementation of the Village Law and the dispensing of Village Funds in Indonesia. The considerable measure of Village Funds requires progressively complex responsibility. With limited time and insufficient human resources, there is an inclination of the Village Fund to leak caused by errors and irregularities.
Methodology: We utilize questionnaires, interviews, convenience sampling method, and the confirmatory factor as an analysis tool. There are 312 village officials from 83 villages in Central Java, Indonesia, who participated in this research. This examination scans to investigate the indicators that we can identify with town administration and comprehension of the Village Financial System or Sistem Keuangan Desa (Siskeudes).
Principal Findings: The results of the confirmatory factor analysis indicate that all indicators are feasible to be used as indicators of measuring all variables. Besides, the Pearson correlation value of all indicators for the total indicators of each variable is significant. It means that the indicators of all constructs in this study are valid and highly correlated.
Applications of this study: This examination is still all-around ahead of schedule. So far, there has been no exploration in Indonesia identified with village administration. Consequently, in this investigation, it was expected to incorporate variables that could conceivably have an association with village administration generally and Siskeudes explicitly, since the order of Law No. 6 of 2014.
Novelty/Originality of this study: There are six original, perceptive variables, specifically: Siskeudes understanding, village financial management principles, village fund allocation, village financial administration, village financial reporting and accountability, and village assets report. There are 54 new indicators tested in this research. Further research can utilize the indicators to measures the village government officials' understanding of Siskeudes.
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Ding, Wan, Jicheng Lin, Jianhui Yang, Xianming Cao, Fang Cao, and Shaomei Lu. "Teaching Research and Reform of Higher Vocational Medical Education in Guizhou Province of China." Journal of Advances in Medicine Science 2, no. 2 (April 11, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30564/jams.v2i2.386.
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With the development of Guizhou’s economy and society, higher vocational medical education in Guizhou has developed rapidly, making it itsmission to cultivate practical and skilled talents oriented to the grassrootsand serving for frontline. However, due to the social environment, policyenvironment and insufficient funding, many difficulties and problemsare faced. It is necessary to have a unied management throughout theprovince, rationally lay out higher vocational colleges and specialties,and promote the healthy and rapid development of medical higher vocational education in Guizhou with advanced concepts, proper policies, andsufcient funds in place, making higher vocational medical education inGuizhou enter a benign development period
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Świeboda, Wioletta. "DESTINATION OF PUBLIC FUNDS FOR HEALTH PROTECTION PURPOSES." Knowledge International Journal 28, no. 5 (December 10, 2018): 1713–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij28051713w.
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The aim of the article is to present the functioning of the Polish health care system in comparison with other EU countries. The aspects discussed will concern: health care expenditure by financing scheme, government schemes and compulsory contributory health care financing schemes, government schemes, health care expenditure by provider.One of the rights guaranteed by the Constitution of the Republic of Poland is the right to health protection. Every citizen, regardless of the financial situation, public authorities are obliged to ensure equal access to healthcare services, which is financed from public funds. In addition, in accordance with the law, the state is obliged to create conditions for the functioning of the entire health care system and to assess the health needs of society, promote health, prevent and finance these activities along with health care benefits.Demand for healthcare services can be defined as the demand for a specific number and quality of health services that result from the consumer's striving to meet needs at the prevailing level of prices in a given periodand other socio-economic factors. The growing demand for health services makes the health sector strive to meet the needs of society.A characteristic feature of health needs is their unlimitedness, which results from the observed process of population aging tendencies, technology development, changes in the quality of health services, increased awareness or patient expectations. As a consequence, the management staff of medical facilities is constantly struggling with a constant increase in costs and insufficient possibilities of their financing. Health care systems are undergoing constant transformation, which is why health care financing is becoming more and more complex. It is a kind of combination of public and private expenditure in various areas and methods of payment. However, it is impossible to fully meet the needs, to the full extent, for each insured, because it collides with the economic situation of their satisfaction. Equal access to benefits is not possible due to the limited finances of public finances. The system of organization and financing of the health care sector itself is one of the most complicated.The methods of statistical analysis were used in the research. There were used data conducted by the Central Statistical Office in Warsaw and Eurostat data and from a representative Polish Household Budget Survey. The research methods are: critical analysis and meta analysis of Polish and foreign literature on the subject.
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Waniak-Michalak, Halina. "The role of loan and guarantee funds in filling the funding gap for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises." e-Finanse 13, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fiqf-2016-0041.
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AbstractResearch background. The analysis of the funding gap for SMEs and loan and guarantee funds’ capability to fill this gap has been undertaken to assess the instruments used in Poland which are focused on the development of entrepreneurship.Methodology/methods. The funding gap for small and medium-sized enterprises is measured with the method of unfulfilled demand for funding and unawarded funding. The size of the gap is compared to the potential amount of the guarantees and loans granted by non-bank organisations in Poland dependent on the amount of capital held.Purpose of the article. The purpose of the article is to answer the research question of whether guarantee and loan funds in Poland play a significant role in filling the funding gap for small and medium-sized enterprisesFindings & Value added Guarantee and loan funds are not able to fill the equity gap of SMEs in Poland due to low capital resources compared with needs, and an insufficient number of institutions offering non-bank funding. Also, the high risk attributed to loans granted to small and medium-sized entrepreneurs influences the low degree of utilisation of the capital already held, both by loan and guarantee funds. The unutilised capital is deposited in bank accounts and does not lead to the increase of the multiplier effect. The analysis concerns the specificity of the support system for SMEs in Poland and cannot be generalised to systems in other countries. However, the conclusions from the conducted analysis and the methodology of calculation of the equity gap may serve other researchers as a basis for creating their own theses and research hypotheses.
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Hai-long, Liu. "Public-Interest Supply Functions of Non-Public Funding Foundations: A Typology, Supply Pathways and Optimal Policies." China Nonprofit Review 3, no. 2 (2011): 195–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187651411x615806.
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Abstract Since 2004, non-public funding foundations have developed rapidly. They have had important effects on resource mobilization, public-interest services and grant incubation. This study affirms non-public funding foundations’ role as “public-interest suppliers”. After an analysis of the entire supplier – that is, non-public funding foundation – industry’s development, a typology of non-public funding foundations as public-interest providers is presented and the concept of “agent foundations” introduced. Then, five foundation supply methods are discussed, including direct supply of funds, direct supply of services, indirect supply of funds, indirect supply of services and supply by foundation agents. The last type, in particular, is characterized by a unique principal-agent relationship. Then, from the angles of transaction costs, field effectiveness and optimal scales, it analyzes issues related to non-public funding foundations’ optimal supply decisions, including optimal methods, fields and scales of supply. Lastly, it identifies two major challenges from the demand side that non-public funding foundations face as they vigorously develop – homogeneous competition and insufficient effective demand – and offers policy responses.
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Faragó, Laszló. "Urban Regeneration in a ‘City of Culture’ the Case of Pécs, Hungary." European Spatial Research and Policy 19, no. 2 (January 15, 2013): 103–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10105-012-0017-4.
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The development of Pécs is essentially due to its historically central location and to the fact that the regional institutions and the revenues generated by them have enriched the city. This functional wealth elevated the city to a position above the surrounding settlements. In its development, culture has always played a significant role. From the second half of the 19th century, it was industrial development which contributed most to its growth, a trend which was reversed at the end of the 20th century. The crisis arrived with the transition in the 1980s and has so far not been resolved. The city once more based its growth concept on human capital and on the cultural tradition when formulating new development strategy, and, as a result, it won the title of European Capital of Culture 2010. However, market processes and EU development funds necessarily generate trends which are rather more global, and in the post-socialist cities there are insufficient funds for endogenous development based on local factors to be realised.
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Moguchev, N. S., and A. F. Khuzina. "Features of the Institutional Environment of Public-Private Partnership in Russia: Regional Aspect." World of new economy 14, no. 4 (February 1, 2021): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2220-6469-2020-14-4-56-66.
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In the current crisis economic conditions, the public-private partnership (PPP) mechanism can be used as one of the key ways to attract extra-budgetary sources of funds for the implementation of investment projects at the regional level. Despite the growing number of PPP projects in Russia, the presence of significant institutional constraints at the regional level hinder the further development of this mechanism. In particular, there is a lack of interconnection of PPP projects with long-term investment and state development programs at the regional level, low sectoral diversity of projects, high dependence of PPP projects on state financial institutions, and insufficient information support of regional PPP practices. The situation is aggravated by the lack of long-term money in the economy against the backdrop of limited private partners’ funds for the implementation of long-term PPP projects, as well as by existing legal restrictions. The practical purpose and scientific value of this article lie in the construction of a holistic and logical vision of solving the identified institutional problems of PPP development at the regional level.
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Scott, Robert. "Insufficient Funds: Savings, Assets, Credit, and Banking among Low-Income Households, by Rebecca M. Blank and Michael S. Barr." Eastern Economic Journal 39, no. 1 (December 3, 2012): 143–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/eej.2011.12.
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Khandelwal, Mayank, and Vivekanand Khanapuri. "Infrastructure debt fund policy framework in India – issues and challenges." Journal of Financial Management of Property and Construction 20, no. 1 (April 7, 2015): 4–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfmpc-02-2014-0003.
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Purpose – This paper aims to identify gaps and critical issues in policy framework for infrastructure debt fund (IDF) to become financially viable in the Indian context. Growth of any economy is dependent on successful implementation of infrastructure projects. However, infrastructure development is linked to availability of equity and debt funds to finance these projects. IDF is an instrument which aims at enabling financing of infrastructure. Design/methodology/approach – The exploratory research adopted is qualitative and based on secondary data related to infrastructure needs, challenges, factors influencing infrastructure financing and options available for infrastructure financing in the Indian context. It investigates the relationship between external factors, internal factors and viability of IDF and provides recommendations to policy makers to roll-out an enabling policy and regulatory environment. Findings – Findings show that issues such as entry barriers for banks, insufficient tax incentives, restrictions on type of projects to be considered for funding and meeting the expectation of low-cost funds need to be addressed so that IDFs can contribute toward funding requirement of the infrastructure sector. Research limitations/implications – IDFs have been recently introduced in India and the use of primary and secondary data has been limited. Comparison of IDF guidelines in India with guidelines for similar instruments in developed countries has been left for a later stage. Originality/value – Value of this study is that it identifies the issues in current guidelines of IDF through the understanding of the policy and regulatory framework that governs IDF. The study also makes recommendations to the government and regulators which would enable IDF to become a viable instrument.
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ŢÂU, Nicolae, and Raluca Ionela CREŢOIU. "The Vulnerability of SMES in the Economic Crisis." Annals of "Spiru Haret". Economic Series 14, no. 2 (June 30, 2014): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.26458/1421.
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The vulnerability of small and medium enterprises is closely related to their reduced volume of activity and insufficient financial resources available to them. Therefore, these types of organizations are more likely to be the subject of the changes that occur in the market. Although there are available a variety of funding sources, most SMEs in Romania are not able to access existing funds as they are not competitive on the single European market. During the economic crisis, the businesses environment but the economical one as well was not beneficial for the Romanian SMEs due to the financial, structural and fiscal instability, which led to negative results, especially on long term.
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Vasiu, Diana Elena. "Could The Insolvency Risk for Companies Traded on Bucharest Stock Exchange have been Identified? A Case Study Using the Altman Model." Land Forces Academy Review 23, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 306–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/raft-2018-0038.
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Abstract Insolvency represents the state of the debtor’s patrimony characterized by insufficient funds available for the payment of certain, liquid and due debts. It may occur even in case of strong companies, for example, in case of listed companies, generating loses for investors. In economic theory, a series of insolvency risk prediction models were developed, based on the method of scores, the most known and used being the Altman model. At the present moment, five companies, traded at Bucharest Stock Exchange are insolvent. The aim of this paper is to establish if the Altman model can successfully be used for Romanian traded companies, to determine the risk of insolvency.
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Gool, Kees Van, Emily Lancsar, Rosalie Viney, Jane Hall, and Philip Haywood. "Diagnosis and prognosis of Australia&s health information for evidence-based policy." Journal of Health Services Research & Policy 7, no. 1_suppl (July 2002): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/135581902320176368.
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Without adequate information it is difficult to determine the success or failure of health policies. This paper assesses the adequacy of Australia&s health information for evidence-based policy. Three policy areas are analysed: the impact of changing the public and private health financing mix; waiting lists and waiting times; and pooling of funds. In each, the issue is analysed to identify the key policy questions, the available data and existing analyses are examined, and gaps in data availability and analysis are assessed. There is variability in the extent and usefulness of current health information. In terms of the impact of changing the financing mix, there is good information on the distribution of finance, but much less available on comparative use or efficiency of public and private hospitals. There is comprehensive information available on waiting lists and waiting times but little analysis of the implications of this for equity of access or the costs and benefits of reducing waiting times. There is insufficient information for the development of the capitation based formulae required for the introduction of the pooling of funds, nor enough information to assess the extent and impact of current cost-shifting which might be addressed by pooling funds. While the concept of evidence-based medicine has been embraced with regard to specific treatment decisions, there has not been a parallel investment in the use of evidence to drive policy decisions.
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Fretes, Elzina De, Hardi Warsono, and Ayun Sriatmi. "Analisis Pelaksanaan Program Kemitraan Bidan dan Dukun Ditinjau Dari Aspek Input, Proses dan Output di Wilayah Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Fakfak Provinsi Papua Barat." Jurnal Manajemen Kesehatan Indonesia 4, no. 3 (December 1, 2016): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jmki.4.3.2016.163-168.
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Number of midwives in Fakfak District in 2012 was 108 persons. Number of Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs) was 191 persons consisted of 79 (41%) trained TBAs and 112 (59%) untrained TBAs. The TBAs had an important role in delivery process because number of them was higher than number of midwives. Therefore, coverage of delivery process helped by health workers had not achieved the target. This research aimed to analyze the implementation of the partnership program between midwives and TBAs viewed from the aspects of input, process, and output at Fakfak District Health Office. This was qualitative research with descriptive-explorative approach by conducting indepth interview. Subjects were midwives and TBAs who had been partnering. Data were analysed using a content analysis. The input aspect showed that: 1) Implementers, midwives and TBAs only knew partnership in helping delivery; 2) Specific allocation funds for the program was not available. The funds was from Operational Support for Health but it was still not sufficient; 3) Specific means for the program was not available. The current means is from health center and village polyclinic but it is still limited. Furthermore, the process aspect revealed that: 1) Program planning, midwives and TBAs collected data of pregnant women, maternal, postpartum women, and number of TBAs; 2) The implementation was not good because midwives were not available when needed by TBAs and there was difficult to access. Socialization for cross-program (community leaders and religious leaders) and internship for TBAs had not been done yet due to insufficient fund; 3) Recording and reporting especially about partnership activities had not been done yet and only used a form on a Maternal and Child Health report. Regarding the output aspect, as many as 195 (89%) from 219 TBAs had not been partnered. Coverage of K1, K4, and delivery process helped by health workers from 2011 to 2012 decreased gradually. As a suggestion, District Health Office and Health Center need to maintain partnership by recruiting midwives, providing means, allocating fund, socializing to community leaders, and funding TBAs’ daughter or grandchild to study midwifery.
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Trstenjak, Ani, Saša Žiković, and Hoda Mansour. "Making Nautical Tourism Greener in the Mediterranean." Sustainability 12, no. 16 (August 18, 2020): 6693. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12166693.
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We analyze the elements determining the sustainability of nautical tourism in selected Mediterranean countries (Croatia, Slovenia, Greece, Italy and Turkey). The purpose of our research is to investigate the main obstacles to greater application of renewable energy sources (RES) as the basis for the sustainability of nautical tourism. The obtained results provide valuable information that can help companies and policy makers choose appropriate strategies to achieve the EU 2030 sustainability goals in this sector. Our survey among charter companies was conducted during 2018 on a sample of 51 respondents. We conclude that there is a serious lack of knowledge among nautical tourism respondents regarding the availability of financial instruments from EU funds intended for increasing energy efficiency and adoption of RES. Respondents were familiar with general measures to reduce energy costs but are not familiar with the measures and opportunities provided by available European funds. Our results confirm previous research indicating that significant savings in energy consumption can be achieved by using RES (especially photovoltaic (PV) modules) and that insufficient financial resources and lack of knowledge are the main obstacles to achieving higher adoption rates of RES and increasing energy efficiency in nautical tourism.
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Razdorozhnyy, K. B. "The Bank of Russia as a Regulator in the Market of Financial Technologies." Actual Problems of Russian Law 16, no. 3 (April 5, 2021): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/10.17803/1994-1471.2021.124.3.045-051.
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The paper is devoted to the study of the legal status of the Bank of Russia in the market of financial technologies. The author highlights that the Central Bank of the Russian Federation is consistently given powers to regulate, control and supervise the activities of operators of investment, financial platforms, digital financial asset exchange operators, as well as information platforms issuing digital financial assets. At the same time, the author concludes that measures taken for the integrated development of this industry are insufficient. In this regard, the author proposes to give the Bank of Russia powers to regulate, control and supervise activities directly associated with the issuance and circulation of cryptocurrencies (digital currencies). The study reveals the lack of the legal framework necessary for the issuance and circulation of the national digital currency that is proposed to be considered as electronic funds, with the Bank of Russia acting as an electronic funds operator. The author also concludes that there is a need to combine both general ways of financial and legal regulation of relations associated with the development of new financial technologies and specific ones providing for the application of experimental legal regimes.
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Ubaidillah, Muhammad, Mohd Adib Ismail, and Mohd Ali Mohd Noor. "The Waqf Integrated Financial Instrument of Pension Model in Malaysian Social Security: A Conceptual Proposition." Journal of Muamalat and Islamic Finance Research 17, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 33–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33102/jmifr.v17i1.259.
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The ageing population trend is a problem for almost all countries in the world. In Malaysia, the issue is exacerbated by insufficient employee savings to face retirement. The majority of Malaysian employees have savings no more other than mandatory savings of the Employees Provident Fund (EPF) account. On the other hand, waqf has many roles in the country’s economic development as it helps to improve welfare of the community. This paper aims to connect the gap between pension and waqf issues through a new proposed Waqf Based Pension Model. This study uses descriptive analysis to propose a Waqf Based Pension Model. This study employs library research approach to collect secondary data from journal articles, books, reports, and websites that contain existing pension schemes and waqf. This new model improves weaknesses in the existing pension scheme using annuity-based calculations. This study finds that productive waqf assets may be used to generate greater profits. In addition, waqf funds are then allocated to build the infrastructure needed by the community such as health services, education, housing, transportation and religious facilities. The new Waqf Based Pension Model is expected to be supported and applied by the government and the community.
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Mafimisebi, Taiwo, Adegboyega Oguntade, and Ojuotimi Mafimisebi. "Re-engineering agriculture for enhanced performance through financing." Cuadernos de difusión 15, no. 29 (December 30, 2010): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.46631/jefas.2010.v15n29.03.
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Insufficient institutional credit is a major contributor to the persistent poor performance of the Nigerian agricultural sector. To encourage financial institutions to increase lending to the sector, a partial credit guarantee scheme was instituted. The scheme commenced operations in 1978 with an authorized capital of N 100.00 million, subscribed to 60% and 40% by the Federal Government of Nigeria and the Central Bank of Nigeria, respectively. This paper presents an appraisal of the scheme. The results revealed that there has been continuous growth in paid-up share capital, total fund resources, maximum amount of loan obtainable by farmers, number and value of loans guaranteed, volume and value of loans fully repaid and volume and value of default claims settled. There was a long-run convergence between the number and volume of guaranteed loans and the agricultural GDP. This finding indicates the need to expand the quantum of funds available for guaranteeing agricultural loans to increase performance of the agricultural sector in the long run. This step is justified by the strategic role of agriculture in the Nigerian economy in terms of food and fiber production, job creation, income generation, poverty reduction and economic stability.
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Zhu, Qiandong. "Reflection on the center for digital scholarship in China: a case study on space redesign." Reference Services Review 49, no. 2 (April 11, 2021): 211–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rsr-11-2020-0069.
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Purpose Focusing on two particularly challenging issues facing Chinese academic libraries – space constraints and the trending of digital scholarship services, this paper aims to explore which spaces students and faculty wanted and how to leverage low-use spaces and growing digital scholarship services to build the Center for Digital Scholarship (CDS) to meet their demands. Design/methodology/approach The participant observation method was used in the launch stage of the space redesign from May 2016 to October 2018. The usage analysis method was used to reveal the use of the renovated spaces and assess the success of the space redesign when CDS was open to users between October 1, 2017 and September 30, 2018. The usage was gathered from the space reservation system. Findings A hybrid academic service center combining information commons, a collaborative workplace, social spaces and digital scholarship services, the CDS is able to meet the complexity and diversity of users’ needs and fulfill the mission of its university in the context of insufficient funds, space and specialists. While it approaches the goal of the space redesign project, some deficiencies remain to be addressed in the future design and service plan, including separating quiet and noisy areas, flexible arrangements and business process reengineering. Practical implications This study shows a hybrid academic service center can meet the complexity and diversity of users’ needs, despite insufficient funds, space and specialists. To ensure sustainability, digital scholarship services should adapt to local users’ needs and expectations. While the author’s patent service and subject development analysis are local and popular with the users and sectors in his university, they make their services somewhat different from those of the Association of Research Libraries (ARL) members. Originality/value This is one of the few, recent studies on space redesign incorporating digital scholarship services in a well-known academic library in China.
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He, Yu Rong, Jian Hong Lu, and Hong Bing Zhu. "The Development Strategy of Tourism Informatization in Small and Medium-Sized Cities." Advanced Materials Research 798-799 (September 2013): 963–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.798-799.963.
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Informatization is becoming the most dynamic driving factors in China's tourism industry. The paper takes the development of tourism informatization in small and medium-sized cities as the research object. The study shows that lacking of consciousness of tourism e-commerce and information talent, insufficient funds into tourism informatization construction, unified standard in various departments has become the bottleneck of tourism informatization construction. Finally, the paper provides some countermeasures to speed tourism informatization construction in small and medium-sized cities, including establishing related policies and regulations of tourism information, building a main framework of tourism information system which is controlled by the tourism authority, increasing capital investment, and intensifying the training of personnel.