Journal articles: 'Insufficient protection'

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Knight, K. "Air sacs insufficient for penguin pressure protection." Journal of Experimental Biology 218, no. 5 (March 1, 2015): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.121038.

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Ove-Hansson, Sven, and Linda Schenk. "Protection without Discrimination: Pregnancy and Occupational Health Regulations." European Journal of Risk Regulation 7, no. 2 (June 2016): 404–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1867299x00005808.

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Occupational exposures of pregnant workers can give rise to foetal damage. Two major types of strategies against detrimental effects on the foetus are described: differentiated protection that reduces only the exposure of pregnant workers (or only of female workers) and unified protection that reduces the exposure of all workers to a level that is sufficiently low to protect against detrimental effects on the foetus. The former strategy is shown to be inefficient, as it does not provide the desired protection. Protection only of pregnant workers is insufficient since protection is needed early in pregnancy when it is not known, and in the case of substances that are accumulated in the woman's body even prior to conception. Protection of all women is also insufficient to protect the foetus since evidence indicates that preconception exposure of the father can also give rise to malformations. Furthermore, differentiated protection that requires more costly protective measures for women tends to aggravate the already prevalent discrimination of women on the labour market. It is therefore concluded that unified protection is the only efficient and non-discriminatory strategy against foetal damage.

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Migheli, Matteo. "Income, wealth and use of personal protection equipment in the Mekong Delta." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28, no. 29 (March 25, 2021): 39920–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13449-w.

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AbstractBoth in developing and developed countries, farmers often do not protect themselves adequately, especially when applying agrochemicals that are dangerous for their health. The issue is relevant because insufficient protection is between the causes leading to intoxication of farmers and workers who handle these products. The literature suggests that both lack of training and information and low income may explain why, especially in developing countries, protective equipment is under-used. Using data from the Mekong Delta, this study addresses the issue of whether income and household wealth may help explaining the use of incomplete protections against pesticides. The results suggest that income, more than wealth, is a reason why Vietnamese farmers operating in the Mekong Delta fail in using adequate protections. In particular, the data suggest that they may prefer to divert resources to increasing the production of their fields or to buying goods that may be used both as protection and as everyday garments. This behaviour leads to underinvestment in some important protective goods. Possible public interventions to mitigate the problem are suggested; in particular, the promotion of integrated pest management techniques could be useful.

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Ginsberg, Joshua R. "When protected areas prove insufficient: Cheetah and “protection-reliant” species." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 3 (January 9, 2017): 430–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1619817114.

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Bouts, Antonia, Leo Monnens, Jean-Claude Davin, Geertrude Struijk, and Lodewijk Spanjaard. "Insufficient protection by Neisseria meningitidis vaccination alone during eculizumab therapy." Pediatric Nephrology 26, no. 10 (October 2011): 1919–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00467-011-1929-3.

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Boron, Sergiusz. "The Effect of Power Protection Equipment on Explosion Hazards and on the Reliability of Power Supply to Longwall Systems." Archives of Mining Sciences 62, no. 2 (June 27, 2017): 355–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amsc-2017-0027.

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Abstract Operational safety of electrical machines and equipment depends, inter alia, on the hazards resulting from their use and on the scope of applied protective measures. The use of insufficient protection against existing hazards leads to reduced operational safety, particularly under fault conditions. On the other hand, excessive (in relation to existing hazards) level of protection may compromise the reliability of power supply. This paper analyses the explosion hazard created by earth faults in longwall power supply systems and evaluates existing protection equipment from the viewpoint of its protective performance, particularly in the context of explosion hazards, and also assesses its effect on the reliability of power supply.

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Leibus, Inguna. "FINANCING ISSUES OF ENVIROMENT PROTECTION PROJECTS." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (June 20, 2001): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2001vol1.1938.

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The aim of the report is to analyse the financial problems of the environmental protects in Latvia. The main tasks are the following: To become familiar with the formation o f various financial recourses on the environmental protects - the state budget investments, the local budgets sources, the grants and credits from International and other financial institutions. To analyse the structure of expenditures on environmental protection. The monographic method, the analyse statistic dates about environmental protection in Latvia in 1993-2000 are used the research. The main results o f the research are the following. The natural resources tax incomes are insufficient to solve the problems of the environmental protects. It is necessary to increase the base o f taxation. The incomes from ecology taxes must grow up on the summary state budget. It is necessary to increase the part o f natural resources tax to supliment local budgets, to solve local governments’ tasks o f environmental protection (especially garbage department) Till local financial resources are insufficient, it is necessary a supplement from state budgets to tie investments from various financial institutions.

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Belova, Liubov A. "Earth-termination system for onshore wind Turbines." Transaction Kola Science Centre 11, no. 7-2020 (December 30, 2020): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/2307-5252.2020.7.19.008.

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The earth-termination system for towers of ground-based wind turbines in addition to protective and functional grounding provides lightning protection grounding, which is especially important since the wind turbine is susceptible to lightning strikes. If insufficient protective measures are taken, the risk of damage to a wind turbine due to a lightning strike increases. Therefore, a well-thought-out built-in grounding system for wind turbine towers is needed, which would function as necessary and guarantee long-term mechanical strength and corrosion resistance. The configuration of grounding systems for wind turbines is discussed in IEC 61400-24, which deals with the topic of lightning protection for wind turbines, including detailed information on the choice of lightning protection measures and surge protection. It is advisable to create a lightning protection concept at the initial stage of planning a wind turbine in order to avoid later costly repairs and retrofitting.

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Hainz, Ursula, Brigitte Jenewein, Esther Asch, Karl-P. Pfeiffer, Peter Berger, and Beatrix Grubeck-Loebenstein. "Insufficient protection for healthy elderly adults by tetanus and TBE vaccines." Vaccine 23, no. 25 (May 2005): 3232–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.01.085.

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Papineau, Elisabeth, Fanny Lemétayer, Amadou Diogo Barry, and Jean-François Biron. "Lottery marketing in Québec and social deprivation: excessive exposure, insufficient protection?" International Gambling Studies 15, no. 1 (January 2, 2015): 88–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14459795.2014.1000355.

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Bogdanovic-Vasic, Slobodanka, Jelena Stojcevic-Maletic, Branislava Brestovacki-Svitlica, Sandra Micunovic, Violeta Knezevic, Roland Antonic, and Maja Ruzic. "Protection of health workers employed in tertiary health institution from Hepatitis B Virus infection." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo, no. 00 (2020): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh200419059b.

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Introduction/Objective. More than 300 million people around the world are infected with Hepatitis B Virus (HBV). It is transmitted through blood, blood derivatives, sexually, and vertically, and healthcare workers, due to the nature of their work, represent a vulnerable group. The aim of this research is to: determine the coverage of vaccination against HBV infection of health workers working in a tertiary health institution-the Clinical Centre (CC) of Vojvodina, the level of protection by determining anti HBs antibodies, the exposure degree, the degree of examinee's compliance with implemented protection measures in the work place, and the level of knowledge about post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) measures. Methods. The research was conducted as a descriptive analytical cross section study, in which a Questionnaire on protection of health workers from blood-borne diseases (BBD) was used as an instrument for research, and blood sampling to determination HBs antibody titer. The sample covered one hundred health care workers. Results. The research showed a large coverage of vaccination against HBV infection (97%). Aside from continuous seroprophylaxis, 7% of examinees did not have protective anti HBs antibodies. Health workers' level of exposure to HBV infection incidence is 90%. Protection measures in the work place are applied by 89% examinees, whereas 86% is familiar with the PEP measures. Conclusion. The research showed a large coverage of health workers using specific HBV infection protection, insufficiently implemented protection, high exposure to HBV infection incidence, incomplete compliance with safety measures and insufficient knowledge of PEP measures.

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Villar, Leo Bernardo. "Unacceptable Forms of Work in the Thai Sex and Entertainment Industry." Anti-Trafficking Review, no. 12 (April 2, 2019): 108–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14197/atr.201219127.

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This article examines the working conditions in sex and entertainment work in Thailand using the Unacceptable Forms of Work (UFW) Framework. Criminalisation of sex work and insufficient oversight of labour conditions increase the vulnerability of sex workers to police harassment; prevent sex workers from accessing legal and social protections; and contribute to the decent work deficit in the sector. Protecting the human rights of sex workers and ensuring decent work in the Thai sex and entertainment industry necessarily involves the decriminalisation of sex work; amending labour and social protection laws, policies, and systems to be inclusive of sex workers; and ensuring implementation. Throughout the process of policy change, the involvement of sex workers, their employers, and civil society organisations is crucial.

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Jaroszek, Agata. "European Online Marketplace – New Measures for Consumer Protection against “Old Conflict of Laws Rules”." Masaryk University Journal of Law and Technology 9, no. 1 (June 30, 2015): 21–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/mujlt2015-1-3.

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The paper aims at discussing the rationale for protecting consumers under the new directive on consumer rights (CRD) and its relation to conflict of law rules under the Regulation on the law applicable to contractual obligations (Rome I).The author is of the opinion the newly adopted legal framework for consumer protection under the directive on consumer rights seems to be more predictable especially in terms of supporting consumers with more mandatory information before the conclusion of a contract with a professional as well as a single 14 day withdrawal period for all Member States. However, the level of consumer protection in the purchase of digital content is insufficient and from the perspective of conflict of laws rules for consumer contracts under Rome I, a consumer who actively makes a purchase from a professional from another Member State or a third country cannot expect the special protective rules envisaged in the regime under CRD and Rome I to be applied by default; rather, the general rules come into play.

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Макарова, Оксана, and Oksana Makarova. "Ensuring Safety of Individuals Contributing to Prevention and Detection of Corruption-Related Crimes." Journal of Russian Law 3, no. 7 (June 25, 2015): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/11756.

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The objective of any government is to ensure safety of individuals, contributing to prevention and detection of crime. The problem of protecting whistleblowers, who receive inadequate attention from the national legislator, is one of the most important problems. The Russian Federation has accepted obligations to take appropriate measures to ensure effective protection of individuals reporting about corruption, as a member state to the United Nations Convention against corruption, adopted in New York on 31 October 2003 and ratified by the Federal law on 08.03.2006 N 40-FZ (Art. 32-33). However, it should be recognized that the national legislation does not contain all of the Convention principles, and Russia takes insufficient measures to implement the international community’s recommendations on the application of security measures to protect whistleblowers from the adverse consequences for them. The article analyzes the current legislation regulating the system of measures of state protection of individuals ensuring criminal justice in general, and whistleblowers in particular. The article notes that the legislation, regulating the state protection of individuals, contributing to the prevention and detection of crime, to a large extent takes into account the fundamental international principles and standards for ensuring safety of individuals in criminal proceedings. However, there remains the problem of insufficient protection measures in relation to whistleblowers, which is one of the reasons for poor efficiency of prevention and detection of corruption crimes. To solve this problem, the author proposes some measures that strengthen protection of whistleblowers to a maximum extent, as well as contribute to further improvement of the legislation in the sphere of state protection of individuals promoting criminal justice.

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Li, Xian E., and Nan Liang. "The Current Situation of the Environmental Protection Industry and the Analysis of its Development Obstacles in Shaanxi Province." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 4049–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.4049.

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The current situation of the Shaanxi provincial environmental protection industry was analysed from the three dimensions: environmental protection equipment manufacturing industry; environmental services industry; comprehensive utilization of resources and ecological environment protection. The factors of existing obstacles in development of environmental protection industry are mainly in: insufficient of demand for environmentally friendly products; unclear duty in the management of the environmental protection industry; lack of public policy support. This paper also makes policy recommendations for promoting the development of environmental protection industry.

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Bushnev, A. S., G. I. Orekhov, S. P. Podlesny, Yu V. Mamyrko, and T. N. Luchkina. "Protection of oil flax of weeds." Oil Crops 4, no. 184 (December 25, 2020): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.25230/2412-608x-2020-4-184-38-44.

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Potential seed yield of the modern oil flax varieties is equal to 2.5–3.0 t per ha, and its real meanings in 2019 in average in Russia was 0.83 t per ha, in the Southern federal region – 0.77 t per ha. One of the reasons of such low productivity of the crop is poorly effective measures of weed control. We studied the methods of herbicides application to select the most effective ones in 2019–2020 in a zone of unstable moistening (Krasnodar) on leached black soil and in a zone of insufficient moistening of the south of Russia (Oporny settl., Rostov region) on typical black soil in sowings of oil flax varieties FLIZ and Raduga bred at VNIIMK. We established the best way of a chemical plant protection of oil flax against weeds is a separate application of the herbicides Secator Turbo, MD (0.1 I per ha) and Miura, EC (1.2 l per ha). This variant did not demonstrate a negative effect of preparations on the crop and caused yield increase up to 0.20 t per ha. Also the high flax productivity, at the level of control variant with hand weeding of crops, were stated under separate application of the herbicides Magnum and Miura, Tifi and Miura. We recommended using these methods of herbicides application in zones of unstable and insufficient moistening of the south of Russia. We do not recommend to treat the crops with the herbicide Tifi after before-soeing application of Frontier Optima or Dual Gold and with tank mixture Magnum + Miura, Tifi + Miura, Secator Turbo + Miura due to their phytotoxic impact on the crop and negative effect on the indicators of plant productivity.

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Sudjana, Sudjana. "DESAIN TATA LETAK SIRKUIT TERPADU DALAM PERSPEKTIF PERBANDINGAN HUKUM INTEREN." Veritas et Justitia 3, no. 1 (June 3, 2017): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.25123/vej.2531.

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<p><em>The author discusses the legal protection of integrated circuit layout design as provided by Law 32/2000 and compares it with how the government regulates and protect other sorts of intellectual property rights (copyright, trademarks, patents, etc.). The purpose of this comparison is to reveal shortcomings as well as the strength of each different regulations. This study reveals that Law 32/2000 as compared to other IPR protections has yet to provide legal protection of inventor’s moral rights, priority rights as well as temporary decision. At the same time, all regulations cannot be fully implemented due to the lack of or insufficient implementing regulations. </em></p>

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Zhu, Xue Ling, Fei Han, and Jia Liu. "Study on Protection for Islanded Micro-Grid." Advanced Materials Research 614-615 (December 2012): 916–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.614-615.916.

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Technology of Micro-grid emerges, and power distribution system faults, allowing for the distributed generation keeping alive the islanded operation with the important load . But if the interior of Micro-grid happens a fault again, the short-circuit current of Micro-grid is so insufficient that traditional current protection can not play a part in the protection. In order to solve this problem, it introduced a new relay protection strategy, and provided the basis for the relay protection design of Micro-grid in the future.

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Kucher, A., A. Chernovol, and M. Temerbayeva. "The sphere of physical protection of objects in the new conditions of public administration in Kazakhstan." Bulletin of the Innovative University of Eurasia 82, no. 2 (June 24, 2021): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.37788/2021-2/72-80.

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The main problem: The article analyzes the situation that has developed in the market for the provision of services in the field of physical protection of objects vulnerable to terrorism, as objects of special importance for ensuring national security. The main problems hindering the development of the industry are: the lack of a comprehensive regulatory framework that establishes requirements for all aspects of the use of physical protection systems at all stages of the life cycle, from design to decommissioning, taking into account risk assessment; the formal nature of control procedures, which does not take into account all aspects of interdisciplinary interaction; the low involvement of qualified specialists in the process of developing approaches that ensure effective regulation of the industry. Purpose: The main goal in the current conditions is to develop a model of interaction between state bodies and the professional community, which will effectively regulate the relations between the subjects of activity in the field of protecting objects vulnerable to terrorism (here in after OVT). Methods: The authors of the article analyzed the regulatory legal framework. The conditions that impede the development of the industry have been identified. The message of the President of Kazakhstan in terms of directions for the development of the public administration system was also studied. The modeling of the processes and connections between the subjects of activity in the field of protection of the OVT has been carried out. Results and their significance: The main reason for the insufficient level of protection was revealed, which boils down to the absence of criteria for assessing protection systems in terms of quality indicators. This is facilitated by the insufficient competence of technical specialists developing requirements for systems and ignoring the application of standards, as well as insufficient involvement of the professional community in control over the activities of market entities. The authors of the article proposed a model of a management system for the protection of OVT, which will improve the quality of processes and ensure the result due to the additional involvement of the professional community and the development of regulatory documents. In addition, the model corresponds to the course of development of the public administration system, which is set by the country's leadership. A number of proposals have been formulated for the implementation of a new model of the OVT protection management system. The model describes the interaction of government agencies and the professional community.

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Pavlov, K, A., and O. B. Klochkov. "Protection of State Border in Caucasus at End of 19th Century: Karsk Border Brigade." Nauchnyi dialog, no. 5 (May 28, 2021): 413–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2021-5-413-426.

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The process of formation and development of the protection of the state border in the Caucasus at the end of the 19th century (using the example of the Karsk border brigade) is analyzed in the article. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that in historical research insufficient attention is paid to the protection of the state border in the Caucasus by border guard units at the end of the 19th century. It is shown that under the conditions of the introduction of protective customs duties, as a result of which smuggling activities began to develop actively, without specialized units, the Russian Empire was unable to protect its economic interests in the border space in the Caucasus. It is noted that the development of the state border guard system was carried out in a tense, unstable military-political situation, accompanied by constant armed clashes with bandit formations. It is indicated that in these conditions, the protection of the state border was carried out by the border guards together with military units, which in turn negatively affected the quality of the protection of the economic interests of the Russian Empire in the region. It is concluded that the development of the system for protecting the state border in the Caucasus was a consequence of the existing threats to national security in the region.

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Huang, Zhi, Chao Feng, Jun Liu, Jie Gong, Jiarui Hu, Yi Xie, Wun Wang, Yi Long, and Weike Liu. "Typical failure forms and improvement measures of power grid fasteners." E3S Web of Conferences 165 (2020): 06020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016506020.

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By investigating the fastening defects of power grid components, it was concluded that unreasonable design, insufficient corrosion protection, improper assembly and insufficient fastening were the four typical forms of bolt failure. In response to the above problems, improvement measures such as design review, material sampling inspection, construction supervision, and operation and maintenance inspection were proposed.

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Grzywacz, Andrzej, and Ewa Referowska- Chodak. "PROBLEMY REALIZACYJNE GATUNKOWEJ OCHRONY GRZYBÓW W LASACH." Zarządzanie ochroną przyrody w lasach XII (June 30, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.2809.

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The paper presents the implementation problems related to the species protection of fungi in forests broken into four basic groups: legal, practical, conceptual and organisational. The legal problems include the lack of the exact interpretation of the terms: “a small number of specimens” and “a negative impact on the preservation of the proper conservation status”, as well as the ensuing ineffective law enforcement issues. The lack of monitoring of fungi, insufficient use of nature protection areas for the conservation of fungi or the lack of conservation programmes for the endangered species are the examples of practical problems. Conceptual problems are related to the construction of the lists of protected fungi, while organisational problems include – inter alia insufficient number of specialists involved in the protection of fungi, lack of a specified responsibility for the fungus conservation actions, as well as limitations in the effective fungus protection in the absence of the current and complete data on their occurrence.

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Welsch, Jo Anne, and Dan Granoff. "Naturally Acquired Passive Protective Activity against Neisseria meningitidis Group C in the Absence of Serum Bactericidal Activity." Infection and Immunity 72, no. 10 (October 2004): 5903–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.72.10.5903-5909.2004.

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ABSTRACT The hallmark of immunity to meningococcal disease is a bactericidal titer in serum of ≥1:4 measured with human complement, but this threshold titer may underestimate the extent of protection. We used the infant rat model of meningococcal bacteremia to measure group C passive protective activity in serum samples from 91 unimmunized adults living in California. A total of 35 sera (38.5%) had passive protective activity. Sera with complement-mediated bactericidal titers of ≥1:4 were 3.4-fold more likely to confer protection (89%) than nonbactericidal sera (26%; P < 0.0001). Thus, bactericidal titers of ≥1:4 are a marker of protection, but this threshold lacks sensitivity for predicting protective activity. We investigated the 73 sera with bactericidal titers of <1:4 to determine the basis of protective activity. The 19 sera with protective activity had a higher geometric mean group C anticapsular antibody concentration (0.72 μg/ml) than the 54 sera that lacked protective activity (0.16 μg/ml; P < 0.001). Thus, protective activity in the absence of bactericidal activity was associated with higher concentrations of anticapsular antibodies, but not all sera with anticapsular antibodies conferred protection. Of 18 nonbactericidal sera with anticapsular antibody concentrations between 0.31 and 0.99 μg/ml, the 11 sera that conferred protection had a higher mean antibody avidity constant (21.9 nM−1) than the 7 nonprotective sera (14.6 nM−1; P < 0.03). Thus, in sera with titers of <1:4, protective activity is associated with higher-avidity group C anticapsular antibodies, which are present in concentrations insufficient to elicit complement-mediated bacteriolysis in vitro but sufficient to confer protection in an in vivo bacteremia model.

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Perry, Denielle, Ian Harrison, Stephannie Fernandes, Sarah Burnham, and Alana Nichols. "Global Analysis of Durable Policies for Free-Flowing River Protections." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 22, 2021): 2347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042347.

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Freshwater ecosystems are poorly represented in global networks of protected areas. This situation underscores an urgent need for the creation, application, and expansion of durable (long-term and enforceable) protection mechanisms for free-flowing rivers that go beyond conventional protected area planning. To address this need, we must first understand where and what types of protections exist that explicitly maintain the free-flowing integrity of rivers, as well as the efficacy of such policy types. Through policy analysis and an in-depth literature review, our study identifies three main policy mechanisms used for such protections: (1) River Conservation Systems; (2) Executive Decrees and Laws; and (3) Rights of Rivers. We found that globally only eight counties have national river conservation systems while seven countries have used executive decrees and similar policies to halt dam construction, and Rights of Rivers movements are quickly growing in importance, relative to other protection types. Despite the current extent of protection policies being insufficient to tackle the freshwater and biodiversity crises facing the world’s rivers, they do provide useful frameworks to guide the creation and expansion of protections. Ultimately, as countries act on global calls for protections, policy mechanisms must be tailored to their individual social and ecological geographies.

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Benoun, Joseph M., Newton G. Peres, Nancy Wang, Oanh H. Pham, Victoria L. Rudisill, Zachary N. Fogassy, Paul G. Whitney, et al. "Optimal protection against Salmonella infection requires noncirculating memory." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 41 (September 25, 2018): 10416–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1808339115.

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While CD4 Th1 cells are required for resistance to intramacrophage infections, adoptive transfer of Th1 cells is insufficient to protect against Salmonella infection. Using an epitope-tagged vaccine strain of Salmonella, we found that effective protection correlated with expanded Salmonella-specific memory CD4 T cells in circulation and nonlymphoid tissues. However, naive mice that previously shared a blood supply with vaccinated partners lacked T cell memory with characteristics of tissue residence and did not acquire robust protective immunity. Using a YFP–IFN-γ reporter system, we identified Th1 cells in the liver of immunized mice that displayed markers of tissue residence, including P2X7, ARTC2, LFA-1, and CD101. Adoptive transfer of liver memory cells after ARTC2 blockade increased protection against highly virulent bacteria. Taken together, these data demonstrate that noncirculating memory Th1 cells are a vital component of immunity to Salmonella infection and should be the focus of vaccine strategies.

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Simbar, Masoumeh, Marzieh Shayan‐Menesh, Fatemeh Nahidi, and Ali‐Reza Akbar‐Zadeh. "Health beliefs of midwives about HIV/AIDS protection and the barriers to reducing risk of infection." Leadership in Health Services 24, no. 2 (May 2, 2011): 106–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17511871111125684.

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PurposeUsing a health belief model (HBM), this study aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of Iranian midwives in relation to HIV/AIDS protection behavior and to determine the needs of interventional programs for promotion of the behavior among midwives of maternity care units.Design/methodology/approachThis was a cross‐sectional study in five selected hospitals in Isfahan. All 58 midwifery personnel of maternity wards of these hospitals participated in the study. Tools for data collection were a checklist to assess midwives' practice and a questionnaire to assess knowledge, attitude, and the HBM of midwives about HIV/AIDS‐protection methods.FindingsA total of 58 midwifery personnel with average working experience of 10.92±7.98 years were assessed in the study and with a high knowledge, positive attitude and moderate practice about HIV/AIDS protection methods. The midwives perceived two main barriers, which impacted on their self‐efficacy and their protection behavior. These barriers were the emergency conditions of the work and the low availability of protective equipment.Originality/valueHIV/AIDS protection behavior and HBM of midwives can be promoted by overcoming management barriers such as inadequate midwifery personnel in emergency conditions and insufficient protective equipment. The behavior also needs to be promoted by educational interventions which focus on improving midwives' perceived risk of HIV/AIDS infection.

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Sutton, Matthew S., Charles M. Burns, Andrea M. Weiler, Alexis J. Balgeman, Andrew Braasch, Gabrielle Lehrer-Brey, Thomas C. Friedrich, and Shelby L. O'Connor. "Vaccination with Live Attenuated Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) Protects from Mucosal, but Not Necessarily Intravenous, Challenge with a Minimally Heterologous SIV." Journal of Virology 90, no. 12 (March 9, 2016): 5541–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00192-16.

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ABSTRACTFew studies have evaluated the impact of the viral challenge route on protection against a heterologous simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) challenge. We vaccinated seven macaques with a live attenuated SIV that differed from SIVmac239Δnef by 24 amino acids, called m3KOΔnef. All animals were protected from an intrarectal SIVmac239 challenge, whereas only four animals were protected from subsequent intravenous SIVmac239 challenge. These data suggest that immune responses elicited by vaccination with live attenuated SIV in an individual animal can confer protection from intrarectal challenge while remaining insufficient for protection from intravenous challenge.IMPORTANCEOur study is important because we show that vaccinated animals can be protected from a mucosal challenge with a heterologous SIV, but the same animals are not necessarily protected from intravenous challenge with the same virus. This is unique because in most studies, either vaccinated animals are challenged multiple times by the same route or only a single challenge is performed. An individually vaccinated animal is rarely challenged multiple times by different routes, so protection from different challenge routes cannot be measured in the same animal. Our data imply that vaccine-elicited responses in an individual animal may be insufficient for protection from intravenous challenge but may be suitable for protection from a mucosal challenge that better approximates human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) exposure.

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De Castro-Maqueda, Guillermo, Carolina Lagares Franco, José V. Gutiérrez-Manzanedo, Fabriziomaria Gobba, Nuria Blázquez Sánchez, and Magdalena De Troya-Martin. "What Sun Protection Practices Should Be Adopted by Trainee Teachers to Reduce the Risk of Skin Cancer and Other Adverse Outcomes?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (January 10, 2021): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020529.

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Excessive sun exposure and insufficient protection are the main risk factors for the onset of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer (the most common types of cancer suffered by fair-skinned populations) and other adverse effects on the skin and eyes. Epidemiological data highlight the scant awareness of this risk among young people and the high rates of sunburn often recorded among this population. The main aim of the present study is to examine sun exposure and protection behavior by university students. A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was undertaken to investigate sun exposure and protection practices among students of education sciences at a university in southern Spain. The data obtained were used to perform a descriptive, comparative analysis, by groups and by gender, of photoprotection and skin self-examination practices. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire were both tested. Of the 315 students who completed the questionnaire, 74.6% had suffered at least one sunburn during the previous year. Few made frequent use of sunscreen or protective clothing and 89.5% did not self-examine their skin. The metric properties of the questionnaire revealed its excellent reliability and validity. Among the Spanish university students considered, there was little awareness of the risk of excessive sun exposure, self-protection was insufficient, the potential exposure to dangerous levels of ultraviolet radiation was high, and most had suffered one or more sunburns in the last year. Intervention strategies should be implemented to highlight the risks involved and the need for more appropriate sun protection practices. Information campaigns should be conducted in this respect so that, when these students become teachers, they will have adequate knowledge of the risks involved and of the benefits of addressing this problem effectively, and will ultimately transfer these health education competences to their own students.

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De Castro-Maqueda, Guillermo, Carolina Lagares Franco, José V. Gutiérrez-Manzanedo, Fabriziomaria Gobba, Nuria Blázquez Sánchez, and Magdalena De Troya-Martin. "What Sun Protection Practices Should Be Adopted by Trainee Teachers to Reduce the Risk of Skin Cancer and Other Adverse Outcomes?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (January 10, 2021): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020529.

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Excessive sun exposure and insufficient protection are the main risk factors for the onset of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer (the most common types of cancer suffered by fair-skinned populations) and other adverse effects on the skin and eyes. Epidemiological data highlight the scant awareness of this risk among young people and the high rates of sunburn often recorded among this population. The main aim of the present study is to examine sun exposure and protection behavior by university students. A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was undertaken to investigate sun exposure and protection practices among students of education sciences at a university in southern Spain. The data obtained were used to perform a descriptive, comparative analysis, by groups and by gender, of photoprotection and skin self-examination practices. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire were both tested. Of the 315 students who completed the questionnaire, 74.6% had suffered at least one sunburn during the previous year. Few made frequent use of sunscreen or protective clothing and 89.5% did not self-examine their skin. The metric properties of the questionnaire revealed its excellent reliability and validity. Among the Spanish university students considered, there was little awareness of the risk of excessive sun exposure, self-protection was insufficient, the potential exposure to dangerous levels of ultraviolet radiation was high, and most had suffered one or more sunburns in the last year. Intervention strategies should be implemented to highlight the risks involved and the need for more appropriate sun protection practices. Information campaigns should be conducted in this respect so that, when these students become teachers, they will have adequate knowledge of the risks involved and of the benefits of addressing this problem effectively, and will ultimately transfer these health education competences to their own students.

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Xu, Zhi Gang, Rui Hu Zhou, and Hong Yan Gan. "A New Research of Laser Welding Coaxial Protection Nozzle." Advanced Materials Research 314-316 (August 2011): 1222–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.314-316.1222.

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Because the side-blown protection effect in the laser welding is insufficient, and its convenience and flexibility are restricted. Laser welding coaxial protection nozzle is designed and trial-manufactured. According to the characteristics of laser welding protection, through rational design of nozzle structure, two protection gases are respective controlled .Using the coaxial nozzle for stainless steel laser stitch welding test, its influence on protect effect and the welding process are analyzed. The result indicates that the structure of nozzle’s gas path, gas outlet designed reasonable, venting uniform, protection effect is good. And it can reduce welding splash to focus lens, has certain protection effect.

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Rathny, Suy, Rashmi Chatterjee, Yen Yat, Md Amjad Hossain Reyad, and Chhay Leaksmy. "An Overview of the Social Protection Policy on Well-being of the Elderly in Cambodia." Research on Ageing and Social Policy 6, no. 2 (July 30, 2018): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.17583/rasp.2018.3280.

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The elderly people in Cambodia are confronting multiple sources of vulnerability; these include living with poorness, health functional disabilities, health issues, social isolation, and limited opportunities to get involved. The government of Cambodia is concerning about the welfare of the elderly, as expressed in the National Development Strategy where government pledges its commitment to promoting the welfare of the elderly by protecting and ensuring that the elderly people are provided with basic needs. On the other hand, social protection in Cambodia has been largely neglected or addressed with inadequate tools and insufficient funds, which leads Cambodia to vulnerability. The principal purpose of this review is to produce a summary of overall social protection system and government associated with the elderly in Cambodia.

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Sharafutdinov, A. A., I. F. Hafizov, A. A. Kudryavtsev, and V. S. Zubov. "TRAINING OF FIRE PROTECTION PERSONNEL USING SITUATIONAL PRACTICES." Oil and Gas Studies, no. 4 (August 30, 2015): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31660/0445-0108-2015-4-131-136.

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The article describes the concept of development and construction of integrated training systems designed to train professionals in the sphere of fire safety.The practical value of the study is that the proposed procedures, concepts and approaches to development of technical training permitted to formulate and implement achievable to date requirements towards instruction systems and training complexes for training the fire departments staff and especially dangerous facilities personnel, that ensure the maximum reduction in the impact of errors made by the staff trained on the overall level of fire safety in the conditions of insufficient resources for trainings.

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Jaffal, Z. M., and W. F. Mahameed. "PREVENT ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE DURING ARMED CONFLICT." BRICS Law Journal 5, no. 2 (July 4, 2018): 72–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21684/2412-2343-2018-5-2-72-99.

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International humanitarian law consists of different rules that are used for protecting people and restricting the methods of warfare. The application of international humanitarian law is not only limited to the protection of victims related to armed conflicts during the outbreak of hostilities; however, it is also helpful for protecting the victims of these conflicts, including environment. The legal rules for the protection of environment in armed conflict also provide legal protection for the environment during the outbreak of hostilities. The study is divided into several sections, starting from environmental damage in the context of warfare. Afterward, the study discusses the importance of preventive measures in armed conflicts. Furthermore, the properties of prevention protection of environment are discussed including cultural property, engineering installations and protected areas near hospitals and safety zones. The study has shown positive consequences of preventive protection method in both the conduct and the outbreak of hostilities. A set of mechanisms or legal procedures is imposed under humanitarian conventions to provide preventive protection to the environment. The principles of humanitarian law have been developed and enforced through the actions of the Red Cross. However, proved nonetheless to be insufficient to prevent environmental destruction. Principally, the enforcement mechanisms hindered the effectiveness of the provisions. In contrast, several conditions for the possibility of registering cultural property in the international register of cultural should be encouraged based on special prevention mechanisms so that the humanitarian conventions can take serious considerations towards it.

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Dreiblathens, Aldis. "Kapteiņdienestu loma kuģošanas tiesiskās aizsardzības nodrošināšanā Latvijas ostās." SOCRATES. Rīgas Stradiņa universitātes Juridiskās fakultātes elektroniskais juridisko zinātnisko rakstu žurnāls / SOCRATES. Rīga Stradiņš University Faculty of Law Electronic Scientific Journal of Law 2, no. 5 (2016): 86–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.25143/socr.05.2016.2.86-97.

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Darbā tiek pētīta kuģošanas drošības un kuģošanas aizsardzības problemātika Latvijas ostās un kapteiņdienestu loma šajos procesos. Darbā secināts, ka kapteiņdienestu loma kuģošanas aizsardzības nodrošināšanas procesā ir nepietiekama. The article analyses the safety of navigation and maritime protection problems in Latvian ports and Harbourmaster’s role in these processes. It leads to the conclusion that Harbourmaster’s role in maritime protection assurance process is insufficient.

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Konan, Martin, and Wenyong Wang. "Secure Anonymous Query-Based Encryption for Data Privacy Preserving in Cloud." International Journal of Information Security and Privacy 12, no. 4 (October 2018): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijisp.2018100101.

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Data privacy protection is a paramount issue in cloud applications for the last decade. In addition, data encryption, which is the primary method to impart security in clouds, is proved insufficient to guarantee data privacy protection from some security issues like homogeneity and background knowledge attacks. Therefore, it is important to provide a security mechanism that provide not only anonymous data but also anonymous continuous queries. So, this paper proposes a new scheme (Moye) that tackles this challenge by protecting queries to be linked to specific sensitive data. Specifically, the proposed solution is based on the design of a hybrid implementation of public key encryption with keyword search (PEKS) and subset membership encryption (SME) cryptosystem to enhance both data and query privacy protection. In addition, this approach provides an efficient and anonymous data processing by using an optimized k-anonymity scheme. Doing so, the authors protect searchable keywords and queries from inside and outside guessing attacks for the effectiveness of the proposed solution.

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Home, Joseph, Andrew Rowland, Felicity Gerry, Charlotte Proudman, and Kimberley Walton. "A review of the law surrounding female genital mutilation protection orders." British Journal of Midwifery 28, no. 7 (July 2, 2020): 418–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjom.2020.28.7.418.

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Performing female genital mutilation (FGM) is prohibited within the UK by the FGM Act of 2003. A mandatory reporting duty for FGM requires regulated health and social care professionals and teachers in England and Wales to report known cases of FGM in under 18-year-olds to the police. An application to the court for an FGM protection order (FGMPO) can be made to keep individual women and girls safe from FGM. This paper reveals the significant disconnect between the number of FGMPO applications and known recorded cases of FGM. The introduction of FGMPOs requires critical exploration as there is insufficient evidence to show that FGMPOs are effective in protecting women and girls from FGM. It is therefore unclear what impact, if any, FGMPOs are having upon the protection of women and girls at risk of FGM. The barriers to the implementation of FGMPOs and possible solutions are discussed.

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Liu, Ming Yue, and Xiang Qian Zhang. "Environment Protection with Analysis of Relations between Independent Innovation and Development of the Green Economy." Advanced Materials Research 886 (January 2014): 240–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.886.240.

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Independent innovation and the green economy is the two power of environment protection.In this article ,by analyzing meaning of independent innovation and green economy from environmental perspective, thus demonstrating dialectical interaction between them, then preparing context diagram about their relationship. Then discussing the existing problems of the independent innovation and the green economy development, such as: insufficient incentives for the development of green economy in independent innovation, insufficient supply capacity of independent innovation in green economy, promoting greening independent innovation slowly in traditional industries. Finally putting forward suggestions from the perspective of environment protection, such as: using national independent innovation as the keynote to overall green economic development, using industrial independent innovation as the bridge to construct green economic development, green incentive System of industrial independent innovation.

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Orlova, S. V., E. A. Nikitina, L. I. Karushina, Yu A. Pigaryova, O. E. Pronina, E. V. Yatsenko, and Kh A. Magomedova. "Indole‑3-carbinol as potential factor in anticarcinogenic protection: nutritionist’s position." Medical alphabet, no. 16 (September 21, 2020): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2020-16-15-20.

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Cruciferous vegetables contain glucosinolates, minor substances that have anti-carcinogenic and detoxifying effects, increasing the adaptive capacity of the body. In case of insufficient consumption of cruciferous with food, some glucosonolates or their derivatives, such as inol‑3-carbinol, can be additionally introduced into the diet. The article discusses the mechanisms of action and the role of indole‑3-carbinol in supporting the reproductive system and adaptive reserves of the body.

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Yu, Lili, Yueyuan Ding, Fei Chen, Jie Hou, Guojun Liu, Shinan Tang, Minhua Ling, Yunzhu Liu, Yang Yan, and Nan An. "Groundwater resources protection and management in China." Water Policy 20, no. 3 (September 13, 2017): 447–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2017.035.

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Abstract Groundwater is an important water source to support China's economic and social development. Since the 1970s, China, especially the north region, has started to intensively pump groundwater as a water supply for agricultural irrigation, industry and city expansion. To meet the water demand due to the rapid development of the economy and society, groundwater is continuously and disorderly exploited to a great extent for a prolonged time in some regions in China, besides faulty operation and management, and insufficient emphasis on protection, which leads to severe problems of groundwater over-exploitation and contamination. In recent years, the Chinese government has attached great importance to groundwater protection. This paper illustrates the general ideas and strategies of groundwater protection and management in China from the aspects of over-exploitation control, quality protection, water ecosystem protection, and implementation of the strictest water management systems.

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Szucs, Robert Sandor. "Consumer Awareness and Consumer Protection in Hungary." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 4 (February 28, 2018): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n4p61.

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The consumer asserts that his decisions are consistent and rational. He likes to believe this about himself. Based on previous surveys it can be stated that our confidence persists until the assessment of the actual level of our knowledge on consumer protection takes place, e.g. in the form of a test containing 13 substantial questions to measure the actual level of knowledge. This test was filled out by 2182 persons over 18 years of age. In overall, we can say that no matter how much we love to think about ourselves as being conscious customers, this statement is generally not true. The level of consumer protection knowledge is generally insufficient in Hungary. Only 13% of consumers have the right to say that they are knowledgeable of consumer protection at average level, while the good level was achieved only by 2.1% of the respondents.

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Pelletier, Mathew, John Wanjura, Greg Holt, and Paul Funk. "Methods for Protecting a Personal Computer and Data Acquisition Electronics Installed on Mobile Equipment." AgriEngineering 1, no. 1 (October 16, 2018): 4–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering1010002.

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Successful data acquisition on mobile platforms, such as tractors, requires the provision of protection for the sensitive electronics, as these platforms are inherently rife with electrical transients that have sufficient energy to cause damage to unprotected instrumentation. Unfortunately, though there are many protection options for industrial applications (i.e., those installed at 120VAC), off-the-shelf products for mobile protection are extremely limited and, after a survey, were determined to provide insufficient protection. The objective of this study was to identify the requirements for the protection of mobile platform instrumentation and equipment, and/or identify circuits that can perform this function. A literature review of electrical transients typical to automotive electronics was performed and circuit simulations were performed using open source software. Off-the-shelf circuit components were tested, via simulation, in various configurations until a design emerged that provided adequate protection from all surge classes. To ensure protection of valuable data, one of the design criteria was to ensure the circuit would continue to supply power to the personal computer (PC), and electronics, even during a load-dump event. The circuit was also designed to provide protection from electrical fast transients and electrostatic discharges. The reported circuit is capable of protecting a computer and data acquisition electronics installed on 12 VDC mobile equipment. This simple, inexpensive design meets Automotive Electronics Council requirements and uses readily available components without a specially fabricated circuit board.

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Афанасьєва Юлія Віталіївна. "DIRECTIONS FOR IMPROVING THE SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEM OF ATO PARTICIPANTS IN UKRAINE." Актуальні Проблеми Державного Управління 1, no. (59) (March 19, 2021): 180–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.34213/ap.21.01.19.

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The analysis of social protection of combats participating in anti-terrorist operation (ATO participants) and their families has been completed. There has been defined that the current social protection system is insufficient and requires great changes through systemic approach due to the disregard for objective factors and the lack of political will. The author identifies the main problems of the system and suggests the possible ways to their solution.

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Saadi, Robert A., Darrin V. Bann, Vijay A. Patel, David Goldenberg, Jason May, and Huseyin Isildak. "A Commentary on Safety Precautions for Otologic Surgery during the COVID-19 Pandemic." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 162, no. 6 (April 14, 2020): 797–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599820919741.

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There are insufficient data regarding the safety of otologic procedures in the setting of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Given the proclivity for respiratory pathogens to involve the middle ear and the significant aerosolization associated with many otologic procedures, safety precautions should follow current recommendations for procedures involving the upper airway. Until preoperative diagnostic testing becomes standardized and readily available, elective cases should be deferred and emergent/urgent cases should be treated as high risk for COVID-19 exposure. Necessary otologic procedures on positive, suspected, or unknown COVID-19 status patients should be performed using enhanced personal protective equipment, including an N95 respirator and eye protection or powered air-purifying respirator (PAPR, preferred), disposable cap, disposable gown, and gloves. Powered instrumentation should be avoided unless absolutely necessary, and if performed, PAPR or sealed eye protection is recommended.

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Nunes, Marília Mendes, Tânia Alteniza Leandro, Marcos Venícios de Oliveira Lopes, and Viviane Martins da Silva. "Clinical indicators for nursing diagnosis Ineffective protection in adolescents with cancer." Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem 70, no. 6 (December 2017): 1330–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0571.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate scientific evidence related to the term protection and clinical indicators and etiologic factors for nursing diagnosis Ineffective protection in adolescents with cancer. Method: Integrative literature review in the databases of Scopus, Web of Science, National Library of Medicine and National Institutes of Health (PubMed) and Cochrane; by intersection of the descriptors protection and childhood cancer, which resulted in seven articles. These were insufficient for a comprehension of the term protection and aspects related to its impairment, therefore it was necessary to include a further three reference books. Results: Five clinical indicators and three etiologic factors associated to Ineffective protection were identified some of which were not cited in NANDA-International. Conclusions: There are clinical and etiologic factors important for the identification of ineffective protection in adolescents with cancer.

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Leijten, Ingrid. "Human rights v. Insufficient climate action: The Urgenda case." Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights 37, no. 2 (April 24, 2019): 112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0924051919844375.

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Climate change is a human rights issue, but what exactly can courts require States to do in this regard? This contribution discusses the Dutch Urgenda case, in which the Court of Appeals recently found a violation of Articles 2 (right to life) and 8 (right to respect for private and family life) of the European Convention on Human Rights and ordered the State to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 25% by 2020. Looking at the case law of the European Court of Human Rights on environmental issues, as well as the nature of positive obligations, it appears that Urgenda involves a more abstract situation and a more precise positive obligation than is usually the case in human rights adjudication. Because ex post facto complaints are no solution, and in light of the growing number of Urgenda-like cases pending before (international) courts, efforts need to be made to ensure that human rights `fit' climate change cases and courts can provide effective protection in this regard.

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Schleiss, Mark R. "Cytomegalovirus in the Neonate: Immune Correlates of Infection and Protection." Clinical and Developmental Immunology 2013 (2013): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/501801.

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Fetal and neonatal infections caused by human cytomegalovirus (CMV) are important causes of morbidity and occasional mortality. Development of a vaccine against congenital CMV infection is a major public health priority. Vaccine design is currently focused on strategies that aim to elicit neutralizing antibody and T-cell responses, toward the goal of preventing primary or recurrent infection in women of child-bearing age. However, there has been relatively little attention given to understanding the mechanisms of immune protection against acquisition of CMV infection in the fetus and newborn and how this information might be exploited for vaccine design. There has similarly been an insufficient study of what deficits in the immune response to CMV, both for mother and fetus, may increase susceptibility to congenital infection and disease. Protection of the fetus against vertical transmission can likely be achieved by protection of the placenta, which has its own unique immunological milieu, further complicating the analysis of the correlates of protective immunity. In this review, the current state of knowledge about immune effectors of protection against CMV in the maternal, placental, and fetal compartments is reviewed. A better understanding of immune responses that prevent and/or predispose to infection will help in the development of novel vaccine strategies.

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Sutovskaya, Diana V., Alla V. Burlutskaya, Larisa V. Dubova, Daria R. Krylova, and Olga G. Korobkina. "Immunological Protection Against Vaccine-Preventable Infections (Hepatitis B, Measles, Rubella, Mumps, Diphtheria, Tetanus) of Russian and Foreign Students: A Simultaneous Study." Pediatric pharmacology 16, no. 6 (February 22, 2020): 366–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15690/pf.v16i6.2074.

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The increase in the incidence of vaccine-preventable infections is due to the low level of immunological protection of the population, which against the background of active migration processes can determine high risks of outbreaks of infectious diseases and the development of epidemics. To study the tension of post-vaccination immunity to hepatitis B, measles, rubella, mumps, diphtheria, tetanus among Russian and foreign students studying in a Russian university. The study included students who received a full course of vaccination and revaccination for hepatitis B, tetanus, diphtheria, measles, rubella and mumps in accordance with the National Calendar of the Russian Federation (including students from Turkmenistan and Syria), similar immunization programs in Israel (students from Jordan and Palestine) and Tajikistan who did not have (according to medical records) these infections in the past. Evaluation of the state of immunity was carried out by determining antibodies by ELISA (hepatitis B virus and rubella), RPHA (tetanus and diphtheria toxoids) and RTGA (mumps and measles virus). The minimum protective level of antibodies was established when their concentration to HBsAg > 0.01 IU/ml, rubella virus > 10 IU/ml, titer to tetanus toxoid 1:20; diphtheria toxoid 1:40, mumps virus 1:10, measles 1: 4. 40 Russian and 63 foreign students were examined. The minimum protective level of antibodies and higher against tetanus and diphtheria toxoids has been established for all students, for hepatitis B — only for Russian students. The minimum protective level of antibodies to measles among Russian students was absent in 5 (13%), against mumps — 4 (10%), and rubella — 2 (5%) cases. Among foreign students, an insufficient level of antibodies to hepatitis B was recorded in 18 (29%), for measles — 19 (30%), for mumps — 15 (24%), for rubella — 4 (6%) cases. Insufficient protection of Russian and foreign students to measles, rubella and mumps was established, only foreign students to hepatitis B.

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Guedes, Marco Aurelio Peri. "THE ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE IN BRAZIL: A MATTER OF PRINCIPLES." PANORAMA OF BRAZILIAN LAW 2, no. 2 (May 26, 2018): 251–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17768/pbl.v2i2.34392.

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The current study aims to study the challenges related to Environmental Protection Legal System in Brazil. In fact, although Brazilian legislation concerning environmental protection and reasonable use of natural resources is quite satisfactory in theoretical perspective, the greatest hindrances to nation-wide more efficient environmental protection are the lack of environmental culture and government commitment, which results in insufficient human resources and budgetary provisions to enforce the goals established in legislation. The consequences of such diagnosis is that environmental supervision in the Brazilian Republic occurs mostly at local level and sorely needs of nation-wide enforcement and coordination.

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Guedes, Marco Aurelio Peri. "THE ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE IN BRAZIL: A MATTER OF PRINCIPLES." PANORAMA OF BRAZILIAN LAW 2, no. 2 (May 26, 2018): 251–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17768/pbl.v2i2.p251-265.

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The current study aims to study the challenges related to Environmental Protection Legal System in Brazil. In fact, although Brazilian legislation concerning environmental protection and reasonable use of natural resources is quite satisfactory in theoretical perspective, the greatest hindrances to nation-wide more efficient environmental protection are the lack of environmental culture and government commitment, which results in insufficient human resources and budgetary provisions to enforce the goals established in legislation. The consequences of such diagnosis is that environmental supervision in the Brazilian Republic occurs mostly at local level and sorely needs of nation-wide enforcement and coordination.

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Guedes, Marco Aurelio Peri. "THE ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE IN BRAZIL: A MATTER OF PRINCIPLES." PANORAMA OF BRAZILIAN LAW 2, no. 2 (October 8, 2014): 251–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17768/pbl.y2.n2.p251-265.

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The current study aims to study the challenges related to Environmental Protection Legal System in Brazil. In fact, although Brazilian legislation concerning environmental protection and reasonable use of natural resources is quite satisfactory in theoretical perspective, the greatest hindrances to nation-wide more efficient environmental protection are the lack of environmental culture and government commitment, which results in insufficient human resources and budgetary provisions to enforce the goals established in legislation. The consequences of such diagnosis is that environmental supervision in the Brazilian Republic occurs mostly at local level and sorely needs of nation-wide enforcement and coordination.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Insufficient protection'

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