Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Insuffisance rénale aiguë – Physiopathologie'
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Legouis, David. "Altération de la néoglucogenèse rénale lors de l’insuffisance rénale aiguë." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS055.
Full textAcute Kidney Injury (AKI) is strongly associated with mortality independently of its cause. The kidney contributes to up to 40% of systemic glucose production by gluconeogenesis during fasting and stress conditions. Whether kidney gluconeogenesis is impaired during AKI and how this might influence systemic metabolism remains unknown. Here we show that glucose production and lactate clearance are impaired during human and experimental AKI using renal arteriovenous catheterization in patients, lactate tolerance test in mice and glucose isotope labelling in rats. Single-cell transcriptomics reveal that gluconeogenesis is impaired in proximal tubule cells during AKI. In a retrospective cohort of critically ill patients, we demonstrate that altered glucose metabolism during AKI is a major determinant of systemic glucose and lactate levels and is strongly associated with mortality. Thiamine supplementation increases lactate clearance without modifying renal function in mice with AKI, enhances glucose production by renal tubular cells ex vivo, and is associated with reduced mortality and improvement of the metabolic pattern in a retrospective cohort of critically ill patients with AKI. This study highlights an unappreciated systemic role of renal glucose and lactate metabolism in stress conditions, delineates general mechanisms of AKI-associated mortality and introduces a potential intervention targeting metabolism for a highly prevalent clinical condition with limited therapeutic options
Galichon, Pierre. "Néphrotoxicité de la ciclosporine : étude physiopathologique par une approche transcriptomique." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066693.
Full textTransplantation is the first choice treatment for end-stage renal disease, but is limited by the shortage of allografts and renal allograft losses. Calcineurin inhibitors, cyclosporine among them, do prevent allograft rejection, but their long term toxicity participates to chronic allograft dysfunction and allograft losses. Their is no good biomarker to detect this toxicity before permanent damage happens. Using RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, we studied the renal epithelial phenotype in a murine model of cyclosporine renal toxicity in vivo. We characterized an early stage of cyclosporine renal toxicity when it can regress when cyclosporine is stopped, or end up in chronic damage if another aggression happens (ie, ischemic injury). LASER microdissection with tandem complementary DNA microarrays were used to study the transcriptomic changes induced by cyclosporine in the renal epithelium in vivo. We observed that cyclosporine, at this stage, impacts the pathways of protein synthesis regulation, and that a gene, nupr1, was massively upregulated. We have shown that in the course of a renal tubular injury, nupr1 is transcriptionnaly upregulated, with a protective effect in cyclosporine nephropathy, reducing apoptosis and epithelial structural damage. Nupr1 is expressed in the renal tubular epithelium of human renal allografts, and could thus be a marker of the tubular defense during kidney injury, or even a therapeutic target for prevention of renal failure
Feitosa, Tajra Luis Carlos. "Évaluation de l'effet protecteur d'anticorps monoclonaux dirigés contre les β2 intégrines ou leurs ligands dans l'insuffisance rénale aiguë après ischémie-reperfusion chez le rat." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO1T201.
Full textGenest, Magali. "Mécanismes impliqués dans le remodelage tissulaire : rôle de la voie de signalisation Notch3 dans le coeur et de la Connexine 43 dans le rein." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS544.
Full textRenal and cardiac diseases are both major issues of public health. Therefore, my thesis project was articulated in 2 axes, one cardiac and the other renal. Notch3 plays a role in vascular physiopathology: by controlling proliferation and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) maturation and this receptor is necessary for cardiac adaptation during a pressure overload. The objectives of my project were to study the effects of the Notch3 signaling pathway in mouse overexpressing this protein specifically in VSMCs (TgN3ICDSM) during hypertension (HTA), and its role during a physiological cardiac remodeling induced by a program of moderate physical training (PT). We showed that TgN3ICDSM mice develop HTA but show less cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in response to AngII-dependent HTA. Furthermore, heart disease regresses in Notch3-/- mice after 5 weeks of PT. Consequently, physical training may be able to counteract some defects related to the absence of Notch3. We have previously reported that the expression of the gap junction protein connexin 43 (Cx43) is abnormally induced in different models of chronic renal disease and its reduction protected against kidney disease. Thus, the aim was to evaluate Cx43 implication in acute kidney injury (AKI). We observed improved renal function and structure in Cx43+/- mice, compared with WT, after renal IR. This protective effect may be due to a limited inflammatory response. However, this protective phenotype was not observed when Cx43 was specifically deleted in endothelial or renal tubular cells. Therefore, simultaneous reduction of Cx43 in several cell types seems necessary against the progression of AKI
Salomon, Laurence. "Bon usage du médicament et insuffisance rénale." Nancy 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NAN11309.
Full textLegrand, Didier. "L'insuffisance rénale aiguë des rhabdomyolyses non traumatiques : à propos de douze observations." Nantes, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985NANT3391.
Full textSchortgen, Frédérique. "Prévention de l’insuffisance rénale aiguë ischémique chez le patient ventilé." Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST0102/document.
Full textCritically ill patients needing mechanical ventilation are particularly exposed to ischemic renal injury leading for acute kidney injury (AKI) occurrence is associated and poor outcome. The aim of this work was to optimize AKI prevention. We evaluated protective measures for renal oxygen delivery on one hand and the performance of usual tools for the detection and characterization of renal injury on the other hand.The main measure in preventing AKI is the correction and the preservation of blood volume; fluid resuscitation is, however, associated with an increased risk of pulmonary oedema. Our results show that renal outcome depends on the type of fluid used with an increased risk of AKI using hydroxyethylstarches and/or hyper-oncotic colloids while pulmonary function is not influenced by the type of fluids used but depends on the volume infused. Pulmonary worsening seems to occure for a lower volume of colloids than crystalloids, probably because of a higher efficiency to increase intravascular volume.In addition to the restoration of renal perfusion, arterial oxygenation is a potential determinant of renal oxygenation. Because the use of a low FiO2 level is recommended to avoid oxygen related pulmonary lesions, we assessed the renal response to a moderate hypoxemia, usually applied in patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Two hours of mechanical ventilation with a SaO2 between 88% and 92% induces renal diuretic and vascular response identified by Doppler. This response is independent from ventilator and hemodynamic changes. Renal response is rapidly reversible with the correction of hypoxemia. In addition to the ability in detecting changes of intra-renal vascular resistances, we found that Doppler resistive index is helpful in predicting the persistence of AKI, better than most of the usual urinary indices.Our works allow a better approach of the intricate mechanisms in preventing renal and pulmonary functions. Fluid resuscitation can be optimized preferring hypo-oncotic fluids for reducing AKI incidence without apparent negative impact on pulmonary function. Renal response to a moderate hypoxemia suggests that arterial oxygen preservation might be essential for renal function preservation. Renal Doppler is a promising tool for the selection and the evaluation of AKI preventive measures
Semjen, François. "Insuffisance rénale aigue͏̈ post-traumatique traitée par hémofiltration veinoveineuse continue : facteurs de risque et pronostic." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR23058.
Full textAyoub, Sophia. "Hémofiltration continue et insuffisance rénale aiguë en réanimation traumatologique : étude de onze cas." Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR25085.
Full textLa, Ville Montbazon Olivier de. "Insuffisance hépato-rénale après intoxication aigue͏̈ à la cyclohexanone : à propos d'un cas." Montpellier 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON11018.
Full textRodrigue, Marie-Ève. "Étude des effets vasopresseurs de l'érythropoïétine en insuffisance rénale chronique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24464/24464.pdf.
Full textSchortgen, Frédérique, and Frédérique Schortgen. "Prévention de l'insuffisance rénale aiguë ischémique chez le patient ventilé." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00734347.
Full textHatziantoniou, Christos. "Utilisation des inhibiteurs sélectifs de la thromboxane-synthétase rénale chez le rat : effets sur le développement de l'insuffisance rénale aiguë induite par le glycérol, effets sur l'excrétion sodique." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112010.
Full textThe effects of thromboxane-synthetase selective inhibitors, in rats, was studied in glycerol model of acute renal failure, and in sodium excretion. It was concluded that a) the glomerular thromboxane A2 participates in the vasoconstriction which induces acute renal failure, and b) thromboxane A2 is an important anti-natriuretic factor in the case of pathological activation conditions accompanied by renal thromboxane synthesis
Maurain, Pierre-Henry. "Insuffisance rénale aiguë et réanimation : étude rétrospective de 46 dossiers pendant la période de Janvier 1983 à décembre 1988 dans le service de réanimation polyvalente du C.H.G. de Mont de Marsan." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR25160.
Full textVincent, Chantal. "Conséquences de l'induction d'une insuffisance rénale aiguë sur la physiologie coronarienne chez le chien anesthésié." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0002/MQ44988.pdf.
Full textD'Amours, Martin. "Interactions des facteurs endothéliaux dans la sysfonction endothéliale en insuffisance rénale chronique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19022.
Full textSalmon, Gandonniere Charlotte. "Iohexol et fonction rénale en réanimation : contribution diagnostique et toxicité." Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR3311/document.
Full textThere is no gold standard for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimation in intensive care unit. We measured iohexol clearance in 20 patients experiencing acute circulatory failure (5 mL iohexol bolus, urine and blood-sample collections over 24h). Urinary and plasma clearances were equivalent; rapid fluid infusion did not influence plasma clearance. We studied iohexol clearance repartition in 85 patients experiencing acute circulatory failure. Forty-one (48%) had a GFR < 30 mL.min-1, 29 (34%) between 30 and 60mL.min-1, 10 (12%) between 60 and 90mL.min-1, 4 (5%) between 90 and 130 mL.min-1 and 1 (1%) > 130 mL.min-1. We measured lesion biomarkers [TIMP-2].[IGFBP-7], before, 6h and 24h after an injected computed tomography scan; there was no significant raise in the biomarkers. This result supports the hypothesis that contrast media are armless in intensive care units. To conclude, iohexol can be considered as a gold standard for GFR estimation in acute-circulatory-failure patients regarding feasibility, reliability and safety
Wang, Yue Pei, and Yue Pei Wang. "Rôle de nouveaux marqueurs osseux dans la physiopathologie des troubles minéraux et osseux en insuffisance rénale chronique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37550.
Full textL’insuffisance rénale chronique (IRC) est une maladie chronique prévalente et comprenant plusieurs comorbidités. Les complications les plus importantes de l’IRC sont les fractures et la mortalité d’origine cardiovasculaire. Ces dernières ont été regroupées sous l’entité du trouble minéral et osseux en insuffisance rénale chronique (TMO-IRC). La physiopathologie du TMO-IRC revêt un intérêt particulier dans l’optique de mieux comprendre et prévenir les complications des patients IRC. Récemment, les niveaux sanguins de nouveaux marqueurs osseux [sclérostine, dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1), fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) et α-klotho], inhibiteurs de la voie de signalisation Wnt, ont été associés à des issues de santé osseuse et vasculaire et pourraient donc jouer un rôle important dans le TMO-IRC. Les objectifs de ce mémoire sont d’investiguer le rôle de ces nouveaux marqueurs osseux dans 1) le TMO-IRC chez les patients greffés et 2) le TMO-IRC chez des patients hémodialysés en lien avec le tissu adipeux de la moelle osseuse (TAM). Les résultats de nos travaux montrent que les marqueurs osseux baissent après la transplantation rénale et suggèrent que l’évolution de la sclérostine et du FGF23 est associée à certains paramètres de rigidité artérielle (vélocité de l’onde de pouls carotidefémorale et vélocité de l’onde de pouls carotide-radiale). De plus, nous avons montré la faisabilité de caractériser le TAM chez une cohorte de dialysés. Nos analyses suggèrent également que le TAM est corrélé de manière inverse avec le DKK1 sérique. Bref, nos résultats suggèrent que ces nouveaux marqueurs osseux pourraient jouer un rôle important dans la physiopathologie du TMO-IRC, et ce, autant chez les patients IRC que les greffés, potentiellement par des mécanismes différents. Une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes d’action de ces marqueurs osseux pourrait ouvrir la voie à une meilleure prise en charge des patients souffrant de TMO-IRC.
Chronic kidney disease – mineral and bone disorders (CKD-MBD) leads to increased comorbidity and mortality due to heightened fractures rate and cardiovascular complications. Understanding the mechanisms of CKD-MBD’s pathophysiology is important in order to eventually propose new therapies that may prevent or treat bone and vascular complications. Recently, circulating levels of new bone markers [sclerostin, dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1), fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and α-klotho], which are Wnt pathway’s inhibitors, have been associated with bone and vascular health outcomes in CKD population and could therefore play an important role in CKD-MBD. The objectives of this master thesis are to investigate the role of these new bone markers 1) in CKD-MBD among kidney transplanted patients and 2) in CKD-MBD among dialysis patients in relation to bone marrow adipose tissue (MAT). Our results show that bone markers lower after kidney transplantation. We observe an association between circulating sclerostin and FGF23 levels evolution and arterial stiffness parameters (carotid-femoral pulse-wave velocity and carotid-radial pulse-wave velocity) after kidney transplant. Moreover, we show the feasibility to characterize MAT in a dialysis cohort and our results suggest an inverse correlation between serum DKK1 levels and MAT. In conclusion, our results show that these new bone markers could play an important role in CKD-MBD both in kidney transplanted and hemodialysis patients likely through different mechanisms. A better understanding of the role of these Wnt inhibitors in CKD-MBD could lead to a better management approach of patients with CKD-MBD.
Chronic kidney disease – mineral and bone disorders (CKD-MBD) leads to increased comorbidity and mortality due to heightened fractures rate and cardiovascular complications. Understanding the mechanisms of CKD-MBD’s pathophysiology is important in order to eventually propose new therapies that may prevent or treat bone and vascular complications. Recently, circulating levels of new bone markers [sclerostin, dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1), fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and α-klotho], which are Wnt pathway’s inhibitors, have been associated with bone and vascular health outcomes in CKD population and could therefore play an important role in CKD-MBD. The objectives of this master thesis are to investigate the role of these new bone markers 1) in CKD-MBD among kidney transplanted patients and 2) in CKD-MBD among dialysis patients in relation to bone marrow adipose tissue (MAT). Our results show that bone markers lower after kidney transplantation. We observe an association between circulating sclerostin and FGF23 levels evolution and arterial stiffness parameters (carotid-femoral pulse-wave velocity and carotid-radial pulse-wave velocity) after kidney transplant. Moreover, we show the feasibility to characterize MAT in a dialysis cohort and our results suggest an inverse correlation between serum DKK1 levels and MAT. In conclusion, our results show that these new bone markers could play an important role in CKD-MBD both in kidney transplanted and hemodialysis patients likely through different mechanisms. A better understanding of the role of these Wnt inhibitors in CKD-MBD could lead to a better management approach of patients with CKD-MBD.
Frangié, Carlos. "Les calpaïnes extracellulaires augmentent la mobilité des cellules de l'épithélium tubulaire rénal : implications dans les mécanismes de réparation tubulaire après ischémie rénale." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066027.
Full textCittone, Sandrine. "Facteurs pronostiques de l'apparition de l'insuffisance rénale aigue͏̈ chez le brûlé : à propos de 39 observations." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR23058.
Full textMayeur, Nicolas. "Caractérisation de l'impact rénal à court et long terme du choc hémorragique expérimental murin." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2001/.
Full textAcute renal failure (ARF) is an independent mortality marker in numerous medical or surgical pathologies. The leading cause of organic ARF is ischemic acute tubular necrosis. The lack of efficacy in humans of therapeutic yet successfully tested in animals may be related to the deficiencies in experimental models of tubular necrosis. Indeed, these models (renal artery clamping, massive dose of tubulo-toxic drugs) propose a caricatural mechanism of ARF and prevent any physiological mechanism of adaptation. Our goal was to develop, in mice, a new model of ARF induced by pressure controlled hemorrhagic shock and to decipher its kidney impact. We initially developed the model of hemorrhagic shock and showed that two hours shock duration at 35 mmHg of mean arterial pressure is likely to create an organic ARF. Then, we tested the impact of this shock on kidney and observed a molecular and functional impact predominant between day (D) 2 and D6 after shock but still present at D21 with renal fibrosis and renal tubular dysfunction. The existence of renal hypoxia in the aftermath of shock led us to study its impact in a population of obese type 2 diabetic mice (db/db). We have indeed confirmed that diabetic mice kidneys already exhibit hypoxia before any aggression and that hemorrhagic shock led to a more severe functional impact and a different response to hypoxia in diabetic mice. At least, because evaluating glomerular filtration (GFR) in mice is hazardous, we have performed a correlation study between the historical markers (serum creatinin, plasma urea), cystatin c and measured GFR. We have confirmed that neither urea nor creatinin obtained by the colorimetric technique are reliable markers in mice. Nevertheless, creatinin obtained by immuno colorimetric assay and particularly cystatin C are better correlated with measured GFR. Altogether, we have described a new model of ARF in two different mice populations: control C57/Bl6 and type 2 diabetic obese mice. We also highlight that cystatin C in mice is more accurate for estimating GFR that historical markers (serum creatinin by the colorimetric technique and plasma urea)
Nadeau, Mélanie. "Effet de l'érythropoïétine sur la fonction endothéliale en insuffisance rénale." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24393/24393.pdf.
Full textBrunel, Françoise. "Problèmes posés par l'hémofiltration dans un C. H. G." Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON11051.
Full textFouque, Denis. "Physiopathologie de l'insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 en insuffisance rénale chronique humaine : applications thérapeutiques." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO1T018.
Full textCanet, Emmanuel. "Impact pronostic de l’insuffisance rénale aiguë dans différentes conditions d’immunodépression : hémopathie maligne et greffe d’organe solide." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC056.
Full textAcute Kidney Injury (AKI) occurs in 2/3 of critically iii immunocompromised patients. Most of them experienced AKI stage 3, and renal replacement therapy is required in 26. 9% to 45% of patients with hematological malignancies and 41% to 52% of kidney transplant recipients. Sepsis is the main contributor of AKI in the intensive tare unit (ICU) setting, but more than one cause of AKI is common. Patients should be investigated for some specific etiologies (tumor lysi! syndrome, cast nephropathy in myeloma patients) as they may benefit from preventive or therapeutic strategies that have changed the prognosis in the recent years. The occurrence of AKI is associated with an increased mortality, gradually with the severity of AKI, but the underlying etiology may influence the prognosis. AKI also reduces the ability to receive optimal chemotherapy and therefore decreases the likelihood of achieving complete remission. Renal recovery, a major challenge to avoid subsequent complications of chronic kidney disease, is highly variable and depends on the underlying etiology. Half of the critically III kidney transplant recipients experienced deterioration in renal function or are dialysis dependent after ICU discharge. The identification of independent risk factors associated with the non-recovery of renal function prompts the development and evaluation of strategies acting on modifiable risk factors. A strategy to reduce the duration and/or the severity of sepsis-related AKI should combine early ICU admission, treatment of hemodynamic failure and hypoxemia, withdrawal of nephrotoxic drugs, and early adequate antibiotic therapy
Prud'homme, Mathilde. "Rôle de galectine-3 dans la dysfonction cardiaque après agression rénale aiguë." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/PRUDHOMME_Mathilde_2_20180316.pdf.
Full textThe type 3 Cardio-Renal Syndrome (CRS-3) refers to an Acute Heart Failure (AHF) secondary to an Acute Kidney Injury (AKI). The pathophysiology of CRS-3 is complex and still poorly understood. The aim of this thesis is to highlight the role of Galectin-3 (Gal-3), a protein involved in inflammation, fibrosis and cardiac remodeling, in a mouse model of CRS-3.Prior to work involving the kidney, we found that Gal-3 was a key effector of cardiac remodeling in response to acute isoprenaline stress (Vergaro et al., 2014).In a murine model of renal ischemia/reperfusion (RIR) with contralateral nephrectomy we have shown that RIR induces transient renal dysfunction (peak of creatinine and urea at 24 hours post-RIR and return to normal at 72h) and an early rise (at 6h) in the amount of plasmatic pro-inflammatory cytokines. At the cardiac level, there was an increase in biomarkers of aggression (BNP and QSOX1-mRNAs) and inflammation (CD68, MCP1 and Galectin-3-mRNA) in the 72 hours following the surgery. At a later time, 28 days, renal IR induced inflammation and cardiac fibrosis and led to cardiac dysfunction (-10% of the shortening fraction). To determine the role of Gal-3 in this model, WT mice were treated with MCP (Modified Citrus Pectin, a Gal-3 inhibitor) before (J-3) or after (J+1) surgery, and Gal-3 KO mice were also used. The pharmacological inhibition of Gal-3 (MCP) or genetic, prevented the increase of plasmatic pro-inflammatory cytokines, the onset of cardiac fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction at day 28 post-RIR. In order to validate results obtained in the first model and to dissociate the cardiac effects of renal dysfunction, we performed the same analyzes in another model of renal injury that does not induce renal dysfunction. This model consists of an unilateral ureteral occlusion (UUO). The results obtained confirm the model of CRS-3, with the appearance at D28 post-UUO of cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction. Gal-3 seemed as equally involved as in the first model because its inhibition by MCP prevented heart damage.Subsequently, WT and Gal-3 KO mice were subjected to bone marrow transplantation. The WT mice were grafted with Gal-3 KO bone marrow (BM) and vice versa (WTKO BM and KOWT BM). The chimeric mice obtained did not express (WTKO BM) or express (KOWT BM) Gal-3 only in bone marrow-derived cells. These results show that in WTKO BM, with a specific Gal-3 deletion in bone marrow-derived cells, RIR did not induce fibrosis or cardiac dysfunction at D28.The overall results highlight the emergence of acute cardiac injury in response to an acute kidney injury leading at long term to cardiac dysfunction. These effects are prevented in Gal-3 KO mice or MCP treated mice. These results show that Galectin-3, and specifically Gal-3 from bone marrow derived-cells (probably macrophages), has a key role in cardiac damage after renal aggression
Dewitte, Antoine. "Plaquettes sanguines et insuffisance rénale aiguë : rôle du couple CD154/CD40 dans la constitution des lésions tubulaires." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0906.
Full textAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in critically ill patients and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Sepsis is the most common cause of AKI. The understanding of sepsis pathophysiology and its complications has progressed significantly in recent years but has not yet been translated into significant therapeutic advances in clinical practice. The traditional paradigm that sepsis-induced AKI is linked to renal hypoperfusion has been challenged by recent evidences showing that renal blood flow is not universally impaired during sepsis,and that AKI can develop in the presence of normal or even increased renal bloodflow. Sepsis is characterized by profound alterations of the immune response and adisproportionate inflammatory response. Inflammation and microcirculatorydysfunction are now considered as fundamental pathophysiological mechanisms atthe origin of renal injuries. Beyond haemostasis, the contribution of platelets ininflammation, tissue integrity and defence against infections has considerablywidened the spectrum of their role and made them potential physiopathologicalactors in sepsis. Platelets fulfil most of these functions through the expression ofmembrane-bound or soluble mediators. Among them, CD154 holds a peculiarposition, as platelets represent a major source of CD154 and as CD154 is a centralregulator of inflammation. Here, we provide an overview of these recentpathophysiological advances and discuss the platelets and CD154 contribution tomicrocirculatory alterations in multi-organ dysfunction in sepsis. We investigated thepro-inflammatory role of CD154 under hypoxic conditions in the renal tubularepithelium as recent data highlight the importance of hypoxia in the inflammatoryreaction. We studied the control of interleukin (IL)-6 production, a key cytokineinvolved in inflammation, by CD154 in oxygen deprivation conditions using a kidneytubular epithelial (TEC) cell line model. We also studied a murine model of kidneyinjury after ischemia/reperfusion, a model that was applied in CD154 and CD40deficient mice. We found that CD154 is a potent inducer of IL-6 secretion by TEC inhypoxia and that CD154-deficient mice regenerate earlier the tubular epithelium afterischemia/reperfusion injury. These findings may provide potential avenues for septicAKI management and therapy
Bataille, Aurélien. "Réparation de l'épithélium tubulaire après agression rénale aiguë. Etude du programme cellulaire et modifications épigénétiques." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066624.
Full textAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent organ dysfunction. While renal function generally recovers, it has been shown since 2009 that AKI carries a poor long-term renal prognosis. The objective of this study was to investigate the maladaptive repair of the tubular epithelium in order to better understand the long-term consequences of AKI. The course of patients after AKI was transposed into a two-hit animal model (C57Bl6/J mice): renal ischemia-reperfusion, followed by continuous administration of angiotensin 2. AKI was calibrated so as to obtain full functional recovery and normal microarchitecture after ischemic tubular necrosis. There was greater renal fibrosis under angiotensin 2 after a history of resolving ischemic tubular necrosis. By isolating differentiated proximal tubular cells, sustained metabolism reprogramming and compartmentalization of fibrogenesis were highlighted. The hypothesis of an underlying epigenetic mechanism, linking ischemia-reperfusion to fibrosis, was explored. Histone post-translational modifications (H3K18 acetylation) in tubular cells were found in human graft biopsies. These changes were reproduced in mice and modeled in vitro after hypoxia-reoxygenation on a primary culture of tubular cells. Histone acetylation peaked at the locus of the miR21 microRNA gene, whose targets are involved in the progression of fibrosis, and was implicated in miR21 expression following our model of AKI
Bruelle, Pascal. "Hémofiltration veino-veineuse séquentielle à haut débit et choc septique : étude de la tolérance hémodynamique induite par la première séance d'hémofiltration chez des malades en état de choc septique." Montpellier 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON11224.
Full textLe, Cacheux Philippe. "Insuffisances rénales aiguës précoces après transplantation rénale : à propos des 100 premières greffes réalisées au CHRU de caen." Caen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CAEN3085.
Full textSarrazin, Elisabeth. "L'insuffisance rénale aigue͏̈ : une étiologie rare dans la maladie de Berger (A propos d'une observation)." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR23028.
Full textLeray-Moragues, Hélène. "Insuffisance rénale terminale chez le diabétique de type I : expérience montpelliéraine entre 1977 et 1991." Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON11193.
Full textKinowski, Jean-Marie. "Diagnostic et suivi de l'insuffisance rénale chronique : détermination bayesienne de la clairance à l'insuline et au pah. pharmacocinétique clinique des antibiotiques dans l'insuffisance rénale aiguë." Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON13512.
Full textTurc-Baron, Bonnin Cécile. "Insuffisance rénale aigue͏̈ chez le sujet âgé en milieu de soins intensifs : facteurs pronostiques." Montpellier 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON11136.
Full textDespas, Fabien. "Physiopathologie et pharmacologie de l'hyperactivité sympathique de l'insuffisance cardiaque." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/904/.
Full textSympathetic activation is a hallmark of chronic heart failure (CHF) involved in both initiation and progression of this syndrome. The aim of our work was to evaluate sympathetic nervous system by microneurography. We show for the first time that chronic renal failure (CRF) increases sympathetic activity in CHF patients through tonic chemoreflex activation, and that this effect is correlated with renal failure severity. Consequently we also showed that another comorbidity, namely anemia, also increases sympathetic activity in patients with CHF. Episode of acute decompensated heart failure remains the main causes of hospitalization in patients with HF. Patients are generally treated with inotropic therapy, however there is no evidence that these agents improve outcome. Levosimendan an original mechanism of action since inotropism is mediated through sensitizing of myofilaments to calcium. We show for the 1st time that levosimendan decrease sympathetic nerve activity. Finally we focused on the prognostic value of sympathetic markers in patients with end stage heart failure. Among these cardiac sympathetic neuronal activity can be non-invasively assessed by the use of I123 radiolabeled metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG). We sought to ascertain the prognostic value of MIBG in patients with advanced heart failure and developed comparisons with other prognostic indices such as brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and peak VO2. Our results suggest that altered adrenergic nerve function assessed by MIBG has a prognostic value in AHF patient awaiting heart transplant, which is however less than that of peak VO2 and BNP
Lauzier, François. "L'utilisation de l'arginine-vasopressine dans la prise en charge initiale du choc septique hyperdynamique." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2007. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/3883.
Full textLarrousse, Elia. "L'insuffisance rénale aigue͏̈ dans la maladie de Mac Ardle : à propos d'un cas clinique." Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR25264.
Full textTalbot, Richard. "TRAITEMENT PAR LA DIALYSE PÉRITONÉALE DE L'INSUFFISANCE RÉNALE EN CAS D'HEPATOPATHIE.A propos de huit cas." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00149545.
Full textBojan, Mirela. "MARQUEURS PRONOSTIQUES DE L’INSUFFISANCE RENALE AIGUË CHEZ LE NOUVEAU-NE ET LE NOURRISSON BENEFICIANT D’UNE CHIRURGIE CARDIAQUE." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA11T028.
Full textAcute kidney injury (AKI) is common following congenital cardiac surgery withcardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). To date, no prophylactic intervention has proved to beuseful for the prevention of postoperative AKI. When AKI occurs, treatment is mainlysupportive and, when severe, requires renal replacement therapy (RRT). Several reportshave shown better outcome with early RRT in adults with multiorgan failure. No such data isavailable in children undergoing cardiac surgery, and criteria for RRT vary among centres.The definition of AKI is a reduction in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and the diagnosis isbased on an increase in serum creatinine (sCr) and a reduction in urine output; these arefunctional criteria, translating the consequences of glomerular injury. However, it iscommonly admitted that the first pathophysiologic finding in AKI following cardiac surgery istubular injury. Besides, the functional criteria are late, are not specific, and may delay thediagnosis of AKI. Novel AKI biomarkers, specific of tubular injury are available nowadays,with urine Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocaline (uNGAL) being the most popular –they may allow for an early diagnosis of AKI.Objectifs. The aim of this work was: (i) explore associations between the delay to RRT, earlyand mid-term outcome in patients younger than 1 year of age who develop AKI followingcardiac surgery; (ii) assess the accuracy of early sCr variations and (iii) of uNGAL for severeAKI in two similar populations aged < 1 year.Methods. A single centre retrospective cohort of patients aged < 1 year undergoing surgeryover 10 years was used to asses the association between the delay to RRT et short and midtermsurvival. Inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to reduce bias due tochanges in practices that occurred during the long study period. A second retrospectivecohort of patients aged < 1 year undergoing surgery over 3 ½ years was used to asses theaccuracy of early sCr variations for the diagnosis of severe AKI. Finally, a third prospectivecohort of patients aged < 1 year undergoing surgery over 18 month was used to asses theaccuracy of uNGAL for the diagnosis of severe AKI. The study of both sCr and uNGAL useda similar methodology: first clustering of all individual trajectories of variation, enablingassessment of the association with a composite outcome (need for RRT and/or death) andidentification of the « normally expected » postoperative evolution of both sCr an uNGAL,associated with the best outcome; second, use of ROC curves and reclassification tables toassess the accuracy of each biomarker for the diagnosis of AKI.Results. Early RRT, initiated on the day of surgery or on day 1 following surgery, wasassociated with a 45% increase in 30-days and 90-days survival. Early sCr variation, within 2days of surgery, had a good specificity but was lacking sensitivity and discrimination for thediagnosis of severe AKI; the « expected » sCr evolution was a persistent 25% postoperativereduction relative to baseline. uNGAL had good discrimination and predictive ability for thecomposite outcome; uNGAL concentration increased within 2 hours of surgery, andremained high in patients with the composite outcome.Discussion and conclusions. If early RRT improves outcome in patients aged < 1 yearswith AKI following cardiac surgery, then it becomes important to perform an early diagnosisof severe AKI. To date, diagnosis of AKI is based on early sCr variations, but such variationslack sensitivity and discrimination for the diagnosis of severe AK. On the other hand, theincrease in uNGAL within hours of surgery has excellent accuracy for the diagnosis of severeAKI, making uNGAL a promising AKI biomarker in patients aged < 1 year undergoing cardiacsurgery with cardiopulmonary bypass
Miqueu, Patrick. "Rhabdomyolyse avec insuffisance rénale au cours de la maladie des légionnaires : à propos d'un cas." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2M049.
Full textLafond, Françoise. "Syndrome hémolytique et urémique du post-partum : à propos de deux cas originaux." Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON11215.
Full textSadaghianloo, Nirvana. "Rôle de l’hypoxie et du métabolisme dans la maturation des fistules artério-veineuses pour hémodialyse." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4017.
Full textFor hemodialysis patients, their vascular access is both their life line and their Achille’s heel. Despite being recommended as a primary vascular access, the arteriovenous fistula (AVF) shows sub-optimal results, with about 50% of patients needing a revision during the year following creation. As the AVF is created, the venous wall must adapt to new environment. While hemodynamic changes are responsible for the adaptation of the extracellular matrix and activation of the endothelium, surgical dissection and mobilization of the vein disrupt the vasa vasorum, causing wall ischemia and oxidative stress. As a consequence, migration and proliferation of vascular cells participate in venous wall thickening by a mechanism of neointimal hyperplasia (NH). When aggressive, NH causes stenosis and AVF dysfunction. I had 3 aims during my thesis : 1) To show that minimal dissection of the vein inhibits NH, 2) to target the Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) pathway to inhibit NH, and 3) to understand the hypoxic regulation of an adhesion molecule, osteopontin (OPN), in NH. Results: 1) We developed the Radial Artery Deviation And Reimplantation (RADAR) technique of AVF creation, where we avoid venous dissection to prevent NH. The first cohort of patients showed only 2% of venous stenosis. To study RADAR hemodynamics, in collaboration with Yale University, we created a rat model of artery-to-vein AVF that mimics RADAR geometry. By means of molecular, histological and imaging analysis, associated to the long-term outcome of the RADAR cohort, we confirmed that this configuration shows laminar flow and limits NH.2) We looked for a way to inhibit HIF during surgery by local delivery of a small molecule. In vitro, we analyzed the behavior of vascular cells (endothelial, smooth muscle and fibroblasts) in response to hypoxia, to 1 of 5 compounds regulating HIF or metabolism (Desferrioxamine, Everolimus, Metformine, N-Acetylcysteine, Topotecan), and to HIF silencing. Three of these compounds and HIF silencing had a significant impact on the metabolism and/or proliferation of our cells. We therefore tested them in a mouse model of AVF, to show that 2 compounds and HIF silencing inhibited NH. 3) We analyzed the expression of OPN in our cells in hypoxia. While in monoculture, they did not express or secrete OPN in response to hypoxia, co-culture of the same cell lines induced OPN secretion in hypoxia. We could show that hypoxia, metabolism and flow parameters are intricate mechanisms responsible for the development of NH during AVF maturation
Darmon, Michaël. "Outils d'évaluation de la réponse rénale aux agressions chez le patient de réanimation." Thesis, Paris Est, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PEST0038.
Full textPotentier, Becquet Sylvie. "Colobome de la papille optique et néphropathie : à propos de trois observations dans une même famille." Rouen, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ROUEM019.
Full textTaris, Stéphan. "La paralysie hyperkaliémique secondaire : à propos d'un cas." Bordeaux 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR2M052.
Full textFaure, Nathalie. "Toxicité rénale des produits de contraste iodés : facteurs de risque et prévention." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR2P066.
Full textDenis, Michel. "Insuffisances rénales aiguës consécutives aux inhibiteurs de l'enzyme de conversion : à propos de sept observations." Caen, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CAEN3014.
Full textRobert, Laurine. "Contextualisation des effets indésirables liés aux médicaments à type d’hyperkaliémie et d’insuffisance rénale aiguë chez les personnes âgées." Thesis, Lille 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL2S028.
Full textThe prevention of adverse drug reactions (ADR) in older patients is a major public health issue due to their clinical and economic impacts. Studies that aimed at preventing these ADR focus mainly on so-called inappropriate prescriptions, i.e. with a negative benefit-risk ratio (validated standards). However, more than half of ADR are due to appropriate prescriptions, i.e. those that meet the recommendations of good practice, and are well tolerated by the patient.The objective of this thesis is to describe the mechanisms by which appropriate and tolerated chronic prescriptions are the source of ADR in older patients during intercurrent situations.This thesis is based on a historical cohort of more than 14,000 hospital stays in older patients (≥ 75 years old), established during the European PSIP project. Risk situations secondary to medication were automatically detected and then read back via the Scorecards® interface (independent double proofreading). We describe the results of 3 studies: (1) analysis of hospital hyperkalemia secondary to drugs; (2) analysis of community acute kidney injury secondary to drugs; (3) creation of risk profiles of hyperkalemia secondary to drugs for integration into a computerized decision support system
Lerolle, Nicolas. "Dysfonction d'organe et hémostase au cours du sepsis." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05P620.
Full textVWF multimers size is regulated by the protease ADAMTS-13. In a study on septic patients, we observed a diminution in ADAMTS-13 activity, which correlated with a poor prognosis an renal failure occurrence. In a murine model of sepsis, this diminution was found to be related to ADAMTS-13 consumption onto its substrate VWF. Indeed, ADAMTS-13 decrease in septic wild-type mice was not observed in Vwf -/- mice. In this model, the consequence of ADAMTS-13 decrease on sepsis pathophysiology was also assessed by studying Adamts-13-/- mice and wild-type mice over expressing ADAMTS-13. No survival difference or thrombus formation alteration was observed in comparison with wild-type mice. In post mortem renal biopsies obtained from patients deceased of septic shock, we observed microvascular thromboses and fibrin deposition. However, the frequency of these events was low, and none of them correlated with presence of disseminated intravascular coagulation nor with ADAMTS-13 decrease. ADAMTS-13 is therefore not a major determinant of thrombus formation in sepsis, on the opposite its substrate VWF is likely to play an important role in sepsis physiopathology. Finally, thrombus formation, considering its low prevalence, does not seem to be the major link between hemostasis activation and mortality in sepsis
Alric, Pierre. "Chirurgie aortique et fonction rénale." Montpellier 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON1T018.
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