Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Insuffisance rénale chronique – Épidémiologie'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Insuffisance rénale chronique – Épidémiologie.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Villar, Emmanuel. "Eléments d'épidémiologie rénale : Impact du diabète sur la survie des patients insuffisants rénaux chroniques terminaux." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00550715.
Full textNguyen, Thanh Hiep. "L'insuffisance rénale chronique à Ho Chi Minh ville-Viet Nam : des études épidémiologiques à un programme de prise en charge." Bordeaux 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR21234.
Full textTo increase the knowledge of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in public health in Ho Chi Minh City (HCM) and to develop the strategy of care patients with CKD, the realisation of several epidemiological studies were carried out within the framework of a thesis into cotutelle. The first part of work presents an overview of this matter in Viet Nam and HCM. The second part has the results of the epidemiologic ies studies. The survival study of 843 dialyzed patients in France showed that age, diabetes, a low permeability membrane and low albumin serum concentration increased the risk of death. Then, a cross-sectional and descriptive study of dialyzed patients in all public hospitals of HCM showed that the population was young and presented an unfavorable nutritional status. The main risk factors of CKD were high blood pressure, uropathy, diabetes, and toxic consumption. A percentage of 25,7 % of arterial hypertension in the general population of HCM determined in the screening detection. The last part is devoted to the primary results of the program in charge of arterial hypertension (16/24 districts and districts lay out the units in charge of arterial hypertension. 310 doctors were trained and commit themselves taking part in the program. 4091 hypertensive were dealt with). Then, the methodology of development and planning of the program in charge of the CKD in HCM city is approached at the end of this work
Ngono-Kerroch, Monique Blake. "Le récepteur à domaine discoïdine de type I est un facteur clé dans la progression de la glomérulonéphrite à croissants." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066370.
Full textDuranton, Flore. "Histoire naturelle de la maladie rénale : Analyse des facteurs physiopathologiques et évaluation pronostique de l’insuffisance rénale terminale et de ses complications." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON1T022/document.
Full textChronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are associated with various complications, many of which occur within the internal environment: uremia, anemia, hyperparathyroidism, uremic retention… Plasma urea concentrations have long been used as a diagnostic criterion of CKD, despite the absence of some key characteristics. We discussed these features with regards to the historical uses of urea determinations. It is essential to characterize the plasma changes which occur in CKD to understand the disease and the relationship with comorbidities. We expanded our focus to all of uremic retention solutes, and identified 56 new solutes from recently published clinical studies. The study of plasma and urinary concentrations of amino acids and their association with CKD stage and complications further extended the study of CKD diagnosis, and allowed to generate hypotheses on the metabolic origin of these alterations. On the other hand, by meta-analysis, we showed a reduced risk of death in patients treated with vitamin D derivatives. Correcting comorbidities (hypovitaminosis, disturbances of bone and mineral metabolism) and other renoprotective effects may explain these benefits. Finally, the determination of the urinary proteome and the resulting CKD273 score was proved to be very useful for identifying patients at risk of progression, which is a public health issue. This work based on clinical research and literature analyses is part of an effort to improve the characterization of CKD and the evaluation of progression in order to avoid complications. It is the basis for a wider observational project: analyzing the characteristics of CKD patients and their changes over time
Nguyen, Thi Quynh Huong. "Insuffisance rénale chronique : épidémiologie de l'insuffisance rénale chronique chez l'enfant à l'Hôpital national pédiatrique de Hanoi et analyse histologique de l'expression du récepteur B1 de la bradykinine sur des biopsies de transplants rénaux." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/918/.
Full textThe incidence of end stage renal disease (ESRD) has steadily increased in France and in all developed countries, representing a major public health problem. However, as in most developing countries, epidemiological data on the incidence of chronic kidney disease are greatly lacking in Vietnam, especially in children. The National Paediatric Hospital in Hanoi is a unique centre for treating chronic kidney diseases of all children from northern and central Vietnam. This work has revealed that the incidence of chronic renal failure in children is 5. 1 per million. Children are admitted to hospital very late and the rate of refusal of treatment is very high, especially in families not covered by social security (39% among beneficiaries against 72% among non-beneficiaries). The ESRD patients need replacement therapy, dialysis or transplantation, Kidney transplantation, when possible, is the best treatment for patients with ESRD. But despite the progress and steady improvement in the survival of kidney transplants, most of them develop long-term progressive deterioration of function due to the development and installation of chronic inflammation and interstitial fibrosis. The mechanism of the development of chronic kidney graft is a broad field of research in uro-nephrology. The bradykinin B1-receptor (B1R) is a pro-inflammatory receptor, hardly expressed in physiological conditions and induced in a large variety of tissues during chronic inflammation. The objective of this second part is to study the variation of the B1R expression during the first year following kidney graft by using an immunohistological analysis approach. This work shows that in these patients, the B1R expression is significantly correlated to the rate of creatinine (p <0. 05), the systolic blood pressure (p <0. 05) and finally to interstitial inflammation (p <0. 01). These encouraging results could lead to new therapeutic strategies in chronic allograft nephropathy. This thesis carried out in parallel to the National Paediatric Hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam and INSERM 858 unity, Toulouse, France, focuses on two major fields of kidney failure: epidemiology and physiological mechanisms
Hogan, Julien. "Assessment of the Care for Children and Young Adults with End-Stage Renal Disease." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS109/document.
Full textRenal transplantation is nowadays recognized as the treatment of choice for end-stage renal disease in children and young adults. It is associated with improved survival, better quality of life and better long-term cost-effectiveness. However, many questions remain considering the optimal management of the patients before transplantation, during the transplantation process and after transplantation. We aim to analyze the care and treatment received by children with chronic kidney diseases, to detect potential disparities in patients’ management and to provide useful tools to help decision-making and treatment planning.We used several data sources including the French renal replacement therapy (RRT) registry (REIN), the European RRT registry (ESPN/ERA-EDTA) and the French National medico-administrative Hospital Discharge database (PMSI).First, we focused on medical and non-medical factors that may induce disparity and found that besides medical factors, female gender was associated with a delayed access to renal transplantation and especially to preemptive transplantation. This might be partially explained by a faster decline of renal function in girls that remains to be explored. Aside for patients’ characteristics, we found that centers’ practices strongly impact patients’ trajectories. It is a main factor both in the choice of the first modality of RRT (hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis) and in the access to renal transplantation especially through a faster access to the renal transplant waiting list.Then, we focused on the subgroup of the younger patients starting RRT before 2 years old, whose management is particularly challenging. We confirmed the great improvement in the care of those patients with only extrarenal comorbidities being still associated with a poorer survival. Considering renal transplant survival, we assess the importance of a matching in height between the donor and the recipient with an optimal donor/recipient height ratio between 1.4 and 1.8 and the importance of HLA matching especially in class 2. We aim to combine those risk factors in a prediction tool to help clinicians in their choices and will perform an external validation of this tool on another cohort.Based on the hospital discharge data, we studied post-transplant complications requiring a hospitalization and found that infections are the main cause of hospitalization post-transplant, far more frequent than graft rejection or cancer.Finally, given the longevity of children undergoing kidney transplantation, most pediatric recipients will inevitably develop graft failure, requiring a return to dialysis or a second transplant so that one should consider the complete trajectory of the patients and try to maximize the time spent with a functioning transplant and minimize the time spent on dialysis. We developed a simulation tool allowing us to test modifications of treatment strategies (e.i: increase in transplantation from living-donor kidney or in preemptive transplantation, better HLA-matching at first transplantation) and their effect on patients’ trajectories. This tool will be further implemented to answer more complex questions on specific subgroups of patients
Frimat, Luc. "Diagnostic et pronostic de la nephropathie à IGA thérapeutique de l'insuffisance rénale chronique terminale : Contribution à une nephrologie basée sur les preuves (doctorat : epidémiologie et santé publique)." Nancy 1, 2000. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/prive/SCD_T_2000_0329_FRIMAT.pdf.
Full textCollin, Cédric. "Déterminants barométriques et non barométriques de la rigidité artérielle sur l'atteinte des organes ciblés : exemple de la maladie de Fabry, de la maladie rénale et des lésions de la substance blanche au cours du vieillissement : approche pharmacologique et épidémiologique." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05P628.
Full textIncreased arterial stiffness contributes to an increase in central pulse pressure. Damaging effects of increased pulse pressure have been demonstrated in large arteries (hypertrophy, remodelling) and in microcirculation (rarefaction), leading to increase vascular resistance in the blood flow and therefore the mean arterial pressure. Central pulse pressure and arterial stiffness were associated with microvascular damage in target organs (heart, kidney and brain). We suggested distinguishing mechanisms of target organ damage in pathologies whether blood pressure is increased or not. First, in Fabry disease (deposition of lipids in arterial wall), arterial and cardiac remodelling and chronic renal failure, associated with an increased arterial stiffness but with normal blood pressure are described. We then specified the effects of replacement treatment on cardiac and arterial properties. Then we studied the influence of arterial stiffness and remodelling in chronic kidney disease, which is strongly dependent of blood pressure. Finally, we described the relationship between arterial stiffness and white matter lesions in an elderly population of community-dwelling subjects
Landais, Paul. "Epidémiologie et système d'information dans le cadre de l'insuffisance rénale terminale." Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA11T046.
Full textTynkevich, Elena. "Muscle Wasting in Non-end Stage Chronic Kidney Disease : Determinants and Outcomes." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA11T086.
Full textMainly described in patients on dialysis, muscle wasting has received little attention in early stage chronic kidney disease (CKD). We used 24-hour creatininuria to assess determinants of low muscle mass and its putative associations with CKD outcomes, using data from the NephroTest cohort, including 1429 non-dialysis patients with CKD stages 1 to 5. Kidney function was assessed with both measured (mGFR, by 51Cr-EDTA renal clearance) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, by CKD-EPI equation). End-stage renal disease (ESRD) and pre-ESRD death were the main studied outcomes. The mean baseline creatininuria decreased from 15.3±3.1 to 12.1±3.3 mmol/24 h in men and from 9.6±1.9 to 7.6±2.5 in women, when mGFR fell from ≥ 60 to < 15 mL/min/1.73 m2. Other determinants of low creatininuria were an older age, diabetes, a lower body mass index, a lower level of proteinuria or protein intake. A fast annual decline in mGFR of 5 mL/min/1.73 m2 was linked with a 2-fold decrease in creatininuria, independent of changes in protein intake and other determinants of muscle mass. Over a median follow-up of 3.6 years, 229 patients developed ESRD and 113 patients died before ESRD. After adjustment for confounders, patients with low muscle mass showed a significantly higher risk for pre-ESRD death (HR 1.6, 95% CI 0.88-2.9), but a lower risk for ESRD (HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.39-0.91). The latter was reversed (HR 1.5, 95% CI 1.01-2.4) when mGFR was replaced by eGFR. Decrease in 24-hour creatininuria may appear early in CKD patients, is related to pre-ESRD death. The lower risk for ESRD may reflect later dialysis start due to overestimation of true GFR by eGFR in patients with low muscle mass
Liabeuf, Sophie. "Insuffisance rénale chronique et risque cardiovasculaire." Amiens, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AMIED001.
Full textChronic kidney disease (CKD) becomes an increasingly serious public health problem due to the population aging. In particular, CKD patients are at high risk of developing premature cardiovascular disease (CVD). The main purpose of this thesis was to evaluate the CVD risk in a cohort of adult patients at different CKD stages by evaluating the relationship between vascular parameters, biochemical markers and overall & cardiovascular mortality. We found that arterial stiffening (as measured by the pulse wave velocity) and vascular calcification (as measured by radiology techniques) began early in CKD. However, we found that vascular calcification appears to be a progressive process, since the intensity and frequency of vascular calcification increase gradually but significantly as CKD worsens. Since the high total and cardiovascular mortalities in CKD patients cannot be fully explained by traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors, we investigated the impact of new uremic toxins on vascular parameters and mortality. We demonstrated that serum levels of indoxylsulphate and p-cresylsuphate were elevated in late-stage CKD, and were associated with vascular abnormalities and overall and cardiovascular mortalities (independently of vascular parameters ). Furthermore, we found that vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were highly prevalent in this CKD cohort, and were associated with both mortalities independently of vascular calcification and stiffness. This work identified several important markers/factors that are potentially involved in the high mortality seen in CKD patients. However, these findings need to be confirmed by prospective large clinical studies in larger CKD populations
Pelletier, Solenne. "Sclérostine et insuffisance rénale chronique : étude clinique." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10336.
Full textThe KDlGO group identified a new syndrome involving mineral and bone disorders and vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease (CKD-MBD}. CKD-MBD are associated with an increased risk of fracture, vascular calcification and increased mortality. The search for a reliable biomarker of bone disease and vascular calcification remains the challenge of the nephrologist. ln recent years, many bone proteins have been associated with vascular calcification in uremic patients, such as bone alkaline phosphatase and more recently sclerostin. This small protein is secreted by the osteocyte and is an inhibitor of bone formation by blocking the Wnt signaling in osteoblasts. lt has recently been suggested that sclerostin has a catabolic activity on bone and is involved in the demineralization of the skeleton. The aim of this research was to study the sclerostin during the course of CKD. We first showed that serum levels of sclerostin increased with the decrease of glomerular filtration rate measured by inulin clearance already from stage 3 chronic kidney disease, regardless of age. Furthermore, in this study, we showed for the first time that serum phosphorus was independently and positively associated with serum sclerostin. Subsequently we found a positive and strong association between serum sclerostin and vascular calcification in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Finally, we have shown that arterial calcification were significantly associated with an altered cortical bone quality studied by high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography. These results suggest that sclerostin could be an important messenger in the cross-talk between the bone and the calcified vascular wall in end stage renal disease
Bargnoux, Anne-Sophie. "Biomarqueurs du risque cardiovasculaire en insuffisance rénale chronique." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON13515.
Full textCardiovascular disease occurs in the early stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is the leading cause of death. The first step, to appreciate the link between cardiovascular risk and CKD progression, is to improve glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimation. We have therefore evaluated the impact of analytical conditions for creatinine and cystatin C measurement on estimated GFR. New creatinine ID-MS traceable methods (enzymatic and compensated Jaffe) improved estimation of GFR by predictive equations. However, enzymatic methods that are much less susceptible to interfere with non-creatinine chromogens may provide more reliable estimations of GFR. Regarding cystatin C, our results highlighted the lack of standardization. In non dialyzed CKD patients (stage I to V), we identified osteoprotegerin (OPG) as a biomarker for the presence of vascular calcification. In vitro, we demonstrated that oxidative stress, increased in the presence of uremi c serum, played a key role in the transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells into osteoblast-like cells. In dialysis, mortality is high and largely dependant on cardiovascular disease. We have therefore investigated prognostic markers and/or followed their evolution after transplantation. In dialysis, despite their removal by hemodiafiltration, natriuretic peptides could be potential markers of left ventricular remodelling. In addition, the combination of high CRP and circulating NT-proBNP dramatically impaired the hemodialysis survival rate. After renal transplantation, stabilization of vascular calcification was observed in the majority of patients and OPG levels are dramatically reduced. Despite a higher baseline OPG level in progressors vs. non-progressors patients, post transplant vascular calcification progression was only predicted by baseline score
Pladys, Adélaïde. "Hémodialyse quotidienne en France : caractéristiques, trajectoires, accès à la greffe et survie des patients." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1B020/document.
Full textAn increase frequency of weekly sessions of Hemodialysis (HD) should be more physiological than a conventional HD 3x/week. Daily Hemodialysis (DHD) was developed in order to enhance patients’ quality of life in addition to blood purification. Nevertheless, its effect on survival remains controversial and the association between DHD and the access to renal transplantation has never been evaluated. Moreover, knowledges about DHD practices in France were until today very poor. In this context, the aims of this thesis was firstly, to describe profiles of French patients on DHD and their initial trajectories; secondly to analyze the association between DHD and renal transplantation, then survival in comparison with conventional HD 3x/week. An epidemiologic study has been conducted based on Renal Epidemiology and Information in Nephrology (REIN) registry. Were included all patients aged ≥18 years who initiated a DHD between 2003 and 2012 in France. Bio-clinical data analyses showed that French patients were characterized to present various profiles. Indeed, according to the median age (64 years), two sub-groups were distinguished and compared: old (mean age: 76.6 ± 6.9 years) in bad medical conditions who died rapidly; young (mean age: 47.2 ± 12 years) waiting for renal transplantation. Moreover, according to the initial trajectories, two sub-groups were also constructed: patients starting directly with DHD (dDHD, n=257); patients starting with another dialysis before switching for DHD (cDHD, n=496). Then, this thesis allowed showing that in France and after being waitlisting, patients on DHD had lower probability of being renal transplanted (SHR=0.74; 95%CI: 0.58-0.95). Then, after the adjustment on sex, age and comorbidities, DHD was associated with a higher risk of death compared to conventional HD 3sessions/week. Reasons why a patient started a DHD are unknown, but this work allows us to enhance our knowledges in terms of medical practices associated with DHD. We hypothesized that DHD indications in France might be different from other countries which could explain our results in terms of mortality
Fraigne, Philippe. "L'homocysteine plasmatique dans l'insuffisance rénale chronique." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05P232.
Full textRodrigue, Marie-Ève. "Étude des effets vasopresseurs de l'érythropoïétine en insuffisance rénale chronique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24464/24464.pdf.
Full textDesseix, Aurélie. "Supporter une insuffisance rénale chronique, représentations et ritualisation des comportements." Bordeaux 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR21449.
Full textChronic renal failure leads to the gradual and incurable loss of the functions of the kidneys. At the end of this degeneration, the patient is doomed to die, unless he receives a kidney transplant or he accepts to follow a palliative treatment, the hemodialysis which results in a blood purging for several hours, three times a week. Since both treatments lead to numerous changes in the patients' way of life, we have questioned ourselves on the different ways they could deal with those changes. Whereas most studies stress the importance of the family, society and work to explain the individual's adjustment towards his disease, we have focused on highlighting the efficiency of a ritual behaviour. Our aim was not only to discover the means the patients could use to bear their disease and its treatments through the representations they develop but also the ritualisation that surrounds the sick consciously or not. We will show that, on the one hand, the patients who see the hemodialysis treatment as a traditional rite of passage cope with the situation more easily and on the other hand, we will stress that this representation is closely linked to how the patients will later accept the kidney transplant. In fact, it is only when the patient accepts the hemodialysis and the idea that following this treatment leads necessarily to a different way of life (due to heavy prescriptions and medical treatment) that he will accept the transplant which will prevent him from having the life he knew before being dialysed. The experience lived through, with the transplant, is therefore seen as a therapeutic ritual helping the patient to give a meaning to his hemodialysis treatment and assess positively his kidney transplant. However, the specificities of this pathology and its treatments in an occidental medical context will mean significant differences from traditional rituals
Mozar, Anaïs. "Toxines urémiques et anomalies minèrales et osseuses observées chez les patients en insuffisance rénale chronique : effets in vitro du phosphate inorganique et de l'indoxyl sulfate sur l'ostéoclastogenèse." Amiens, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AMIED009.
Full textMael-Ainin, Mouna. "Role de la périostine dans l'insuffisance rénale chronique expérimentale." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066121.
Full textChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of an extracellular matrix protein, called periostin that we previously identified as a marker of a chronic kidney disease. First, we confirmed that periostin is a marker of not only hypertensive nephropathy progression but also glomerular and tubulointerstitial nephropathies. Then, in order to explore the implication of periostin in renal fibrosis, we used either wild type and periostin null mice to induce tubulointerstitial nephropathy by performing an unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) or specific antisens to inhibit periostin expression in hypertensive nephropathy induced in Sprague Dawley rats by L-NAME. In the UUO model, comparison between wild type and periostin null mice 15 days after obstruction revealed that periostin null mice are relatively protected in terms of fibrosis, tubular alterations and inflammation. In vitro studies confirmed that periostin is induced by TGF-ß and showed that periostin induces phosphorylation of FAK, P38 and ERK1/2. In parallel, inhibition of periostin by antisens in the L-NAME model led to an improvement of renal function reflected by a lower proteinuria and a better renal histology showing less vascular hypertrophy, glomerulosclerosis, tubular dilation and perivascular fibrosis. Our results suggest that periostin is not only a marker of renal dysfunction, but is also an active mediator that should be considered as a promising therapeutic target
Mayet, Marie Dominique. "L'anémie de l'insuffisance rénale chronique : sa correction par l'érythropoi͏̈étine recombinante humaine." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P241.
Full textGauthier, Bastien Alexandra. "Mécanismes de calcification et de rigidité artérielle en insuffisance rénale chronique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30376/30376.pdf.
Full textIn chronic kidney disease (CKD), mineral metabolism disorders cause vascular and bone disease. Vascular calcification is associated with vascular remodeling. Our objectives were to describe the role of vascular remodeling in arterial stiffness and calcification and to describe cortical bone abnormalities in CKD. CKD and vascular calcification were induced by 5/6 nephrectomy and calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D supplementation. The decrease in immunofluorescence detection of α-smooth muscle actin and elastin and the increase of osteocalcin and endothelin-1 were associated with increased arterial stiffness and calcification. These changes were accompanied by a decrease in volume, area and thickness of cortical bone of the tibia. Therefore, vascular calcification is associated with vascular remodeling which is responsible, at least in part, for arterial stiffness and is also accompanied by cortical bone loss.
Gauthier-Bastien, Alexandra. "Mécanismes de calcification et de rigidité artérielle en insuffisance rénale chronique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24955.
Full textIn chronic kidney disease (CKD), mineral metabolism disorders cause vascular and bone disease. Vascular calcification is associated with vascular remodeling. Our objectives were to describe the role of vascular remodeling in arterial stiffness and calcification and to describe cortical bone abnormalities in CKD. CKD and vascular calcification were induced by 5/6 nephrectomy and calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D supplementation. The decrease in immunofluorescence detection of α-smooth muscle actin and elastin and the increase of osteocalcin and endothelin-1 were associated with increased arterial stiffness and calcification. These changes were accompanied by a decrease in volume, area and thickness of cortical bone of the tibia. Therefore, vascular calcification is associated with vascular remodeling which is responsible, at least in part, for arterial stiffness and is also accompanied by cortical bone loss.
Desjardins, Marie-Pier. "Impact de l'inflammation sur la rigidité aortique en insuffisance rénale chronique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34483.
Full textLes maladies cardiovasculaires (MCV) sont la principale cause de mortalité en insuffisance rénale chronique (IRC). De nombreuses études ont démontré des associations entre la rigidité aortique, un facteur de risque cardiovasculaire non traditionnel, et un risque élevé de mortalité en IRC. Traditionnellement, la rigidité aortique a toujours été considérée comme une maladie vasculaire d’origine non inflammatoire. Cependant, récemment, dans un modèle animal en IRC avec des calcifications vasculaires, nous avons observé une augmentation de l’expression de l’interleukine-1β (IL-1β), de l’interleukine-6 (IL-6) et du facteur de nécrose tumoral (TNF) dans les calcifications vasculaires de l’aorte. Or, nous proposons que l’inflammation joue un rôle clé dans la physiopathologie de la rigidité aortique en IRC. Les objectifs de ce mémoire sont 1) d’examiner l’impact de l’IL-1β, de l’IL-6 et du TNF sur la rigidité aortique chez des patients en IRC en dialyse, 2) d’évaluer l’effet de l’activation du système immunitaire sur l’évolution de la rigidité aortique après une greffe rénale (KTx) et 3) d’examiner l’impact de l’angiopoïétine-like-2 (ANGPTL2), un nouveau marqueur biologique de vieillissement vasculaire, sur la rigidité aortique après une greffe rénale. D’après nos travaux, l’activation du système immunitaire semble jouer un rôle clé dans la physiologie de la rigidité aortique. Plus spécifiquement, l’IL-6, une cytokine proinflammatoire, est associée à la rigidité aortique chez des patients en dialyse. Par ailleurs, des taux élevés d’IL-6 trois mois après la greffe rénale prédisent une évolution défavorable de la rigidité aortique, suggérant que l’IL-6 est possiblement impliqué dans le remodelage vasculaire des patients greffés. Finalement, l’ANGPTL2 est associé à la rigidité aortique et à la mortalité chez des patients greffés, suggérant que l’ANGPTL2 est impliqué dans le développement des maladies cardiovasculaires en IRC. Ces travaux suggèrent que l’inflammation est potentiellement une cible thérapeutique pour réduire la rigidité aortique menant à la mortalité cardiovasculaire en IRC.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Studies have shown an association between aortic stiffness, a nontraditional risk factor, and high mortality rate in CKD patients. Aortic stiffness has always been considered as a non-inflammatory vascular disease. However, recently, using a CKD animal model with pure medial vascular calcification, we have shown an increase expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) in calcified aortic wall. Therefore, we hypothesized that inflammation might be involved in the physiopathology of aortic stiffness in CKD patients. The aims of this master are 1) to study the impact of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF on aortic stiffness in CKD patients undergoing dialysis, 2) to examine the effect of the activation of the immune system on the evolution of aortic stiffness after a kidney transplantation (KTx) and 3) to evaluate the impact of angiopoietin-like-2 (ANGPTL2), a novel inflammatory biomarker of vascular aging, on aortic stiffness after KTx. According to our results, the activation of the immune system seems to play a key role in the physiopathology of aortic stiffness. Indeed, IL-6, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is associated with aortic stiffness in CKD patients undergoing dialysis. Also, increase levels of IL-6 three months after KTx is associated with an unfavourable evolution of aortic stiffness after KTx, suggesting that IL-6 is involved in arterial walls remodeling in kidney transplant recipients. In addition, ANGPTL2 is associated with aortic stiffness and mortality in kidney transplant recipients, suggesting that ANGPTL2 may play a biological role in CKD-related-CVD. Our results suggest that inflammation may represent a novel therapeutic target of CKD-related-CVD.
Sultan, Eric. "Pharmacocinétique de la fléroxacine dans l'insuffisance rénale." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05P049.
Full textChen, Hsiang-Hsin. "Imagerie IRTF tridimensionnelle pour l'étude de l'insuffisance rénale chronique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0448/document.
Full textCKD (Chronic Kidney Disease) is one of the worst public diseases in developing countries. The stages of CKD are mainly based on measured or estimated GFR (Glomerular Filtration Rate). However, this method is not sensitive enough on early stages of the pathology and thus do not offer accurate diagnostic value. Early detection and treatment can often limit or avoid the chronicity effects of the disease. This thesis focuses on the development of FTIR microscopy as a diagnostic tool for the identification by histopathology at glomerulus level of the kidney in CKD model. We developed a technique of 3D reconstruction for the FTIR imaging of biochemical components changes in glomeruli for identifying the pathological marker of CKD. The curve-fitting and spectral clustering are applied on the FTIR microscopy analysis to distinguish between healthy and pathological glomeruli of a kidney. Then, the glomerular microvasculatureis highlighted to reveal the morphological abnormalities by perfusing contrast agents into blood vessels. With advanced 3D statistical methods and 3D image visualization by microscopy, FTIR spectro-imaging can be used as a functional technique to determine the morphological and molecular changes occurring along CKD development
Maizel, Julien. "Conséquences cardiovasculaires de l'insuffisance rénale chronique : modulations et thérapeutiques." Amiens, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AMIED003.
Full textD'Amours, Martin. "Interactions des facteurs endothéliaux dans la dysfonction endothéliale en insuffisance rénale chronique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24559/24559.pdf.
Full textToubas, Julie. "Jonctions gap et Insuffisance Rénale Chronique : vers un nouveau rôle des Connexines." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066185.
Full textD'Amours, Martin. "Interactions des facteurs endothéliaux dans la sysfonction endothéliale en insuffisance rénale chronique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19022.
Full textCouchoud, Heyer Cécile Gabriella. "Modélisation de la trajectoire des patients avec une insuffisance rénale chronique terminale." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10054/document.
Full textIn order to better understand and then optimize the trajectories followed by end-stage renal disease patients, it was necessary to develop tools to model these complex trajectories. The different treatment modalities were not compared but a comprehensive approach was preferred taking into account an integrated vision where treatment modalities are considered complementary and non-competitive. We used compartments models which took into account competitive risk and a mixture model for survival with fraction not at risk. The model parameters were estimated from the data from the Renal Epidemiology and Information Network registry. Reimbursement data from the national health insurance (SNIIRAM) were also used. The prediction tool developed was used to evaluate the consequences in terms of expected 15- years restricted lifetime and average cost per month for different strategies in a medicoeconomic analysis, in partnership with the Haute Autorité de Santé. The final aim of this work is to offer decision support tools based on strategies best adapted to patients’ needs. The tools developed in this work could also serve as a basis for a simulation platform to accompany public decision-makers in their reflection on health organization
Laclotte-Giacometti, Pascale. "Enzymurie et pathologie rénale." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2P032.
Full textBarrière, Véronique. "Présence d'un anticoagulant circulant chez un insuffisant rénal chronique." Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON11217.
Full textLarrieu-Charpentier, Brigitte. "Méthodes d'épuration extra-rénale et perturbations lipidiques chez l'insuffisant rénal chronique." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05P188.
Full textBourgeon, Bruno. "Néphroangiosclérose primitive et précoce." Saint-Etienne, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STET6409.
Full textMoreau, Claudia. "L'hypertension associée à l'administration d'érythropoïétine en insuffisance rénale chronique, implication des facteurs endothéliaux." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0028/MQ51154.pdf.
Full textLeconte, Jean-Philippe. "Impacts d'un programme d'activité physique sur la rigidité artérielle en insuffisance rénale chronique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30180/30180.pdf.
Full textIntroduction: Cardiovascular diseases are the first cause of mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Non-traditional risk factors like arterial stiffness could be in part responsible for increased mortality in this population. It is known that physical activity is associated with less arterial stiffness in a healthy population. Nonetheless, the effects of physical activity on the biomechanical properties of big arterial vessels in a CKD population are unknown. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of a cardiovascular and muscular training program on arterial stiffness in a CKD population. Methods: Thirteen patients in CKD stage 3 and 4 were recruited and randomised in a control group and a group participating to 12 weeks of a home-based training. Measure of hemodynamic properties, aortic augmentation index (Aix), pulse wave velocity (PWV) carotid-femoral (c-f) and carotid-radial (c-r) were realised at baseline and at 12 weeks. Pulse pressure was obtained by applanation tonometry. Results : Baseline characteristics in both groups are similar. No significant differences were present neither in control group nor in training group regarding hemodynamic, VOPc-r, VOPc-f, aortic Aix and pulse pressure measures. Conclusion: Our study of a home-based training program on hemodynamic measures and arterial stiffness markers failed to demonstrate any change in CKD patients. This pilot study demonstrates the feasibility of a study evaluating the effects of physical activity on vascular health in patients with CKD.
Peguet, Josette. "Etude d'un facteur immunosuppresseur isolé du sérum de sujets en insuffisance rénale chronique." Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO10030.
Full textHassler, Evelyne. "Insuffisance rénale chronique traitée par dialyse chez l'enfant : expérience de la région Est." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STR1M170.
Full textPatrier, Laure. "Stratification du risque cardio-vasculaire en insuffisance rénale chronique : place des biomarqueurs émergents." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20227.
Full textBACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a public health problem because of its increasing prevalence. Despite care improvements, the mortality rate remains higher compared to general population. Among causes of death, cardiovascular diseases with multifactorial origins (enlargement and hypertrophy of arteries, atherosclerosis, vascular and valvular calcifications) are in the foreground. Besides the traditional risk factors, non-traditional factors associated with metabolic disorders in CKD were bring out, such as inflammation, malnutrition, oxidative stress, mineral and bone disorder. A better knowledge of vasculopathy physiopathology in CKD allows the emergence of new biomarkers to stratify cardiovascular risk in CKD.AIMS-METHODOLOGY: We performed a biochemical approach to explore three components of cardiovascular risk in CKD: oxidative stress, qualitative alterations of HDL (high-density lipoprotein) and mineral and bone disorder.RESULTS: In a first publication, the superoxide anion production, according to the stage of CKD, was assessed using a chemiluminescence method. While the overproduction of reactive oxygen species is well known at the 5d stage of CKD and may be related to the dialysis procedure, there are few data in the early stages. Our study included 136 non-dialysis patients at stages 1 to 5 of CKD. Results showed an enhanced superoxide production at the pre-dialysis phase, stages 4 and 5 of CKD. Reduced glomerular filtration rate (MDRD <30 ml / min / 1.73m2), inflammation (fibrinogène≥3.7g / l) and abnormal levels of HDL (<1.42mM and ≥1.75mM) appears as main determinants of oxidative stress in non-dialysis CKD patients.While in general population, a low HDL rate is recognized as an important risk factor, we showed (publication 1) that abnormal levels of HDL, low as high, were independently associated with oxidative stress in CKD subjects. In a second publication, we have defined the HDL composition based on qualitative changes in the structure of proteins associated with lipoproteins. A proteomic study was performed in 7 patients on hemodialysis versus 7 healthy subjects. We found 40 proteins differently expressed on the 122 identified, including apoCII, apoCIII which are significantly increased and transferrin lowered. These proteins are involved in many functions such as inflammatory response, complement activation, regulation of lipoprotein oxidation and homeostasis cations. In a third publication, the removal of FGF23, phosphatonin involved in mineral and bone metabolism, was studied in chronic hemodialysis according to the dialysis techniques (high flux hemodialysis (HD) versus on line hemodiafiltration (OL- HDF)). Our study included 53 patients in the HD group and 32 patients in the OL-HDF group. In both groups the rate of FGF23 in post-dialysis was significantly lower than in pre-dialysis. However, rate of reduction, clearance and KT / V of FGF23 were significantly lower in the OL-HDF group.CONCLUSION-PROSPECTS: In the IRC, with the appearance of non traditional risk-factors, new biomarkers have emerged in the stratification of cardiovascular risk. These biomarkers can become bioactors and represent novel targets of action and prevention in the cardiovascular disease in CKD. The complexity of the involved physiopatholological mechanisms, leads us to propose multimarkers approaches. Currently bioclinical studies continue with the constitution of regional cohorts of patients at stages 1 to 5 of CKD and incident dialysis
Dony, Nadine. "Pharmacocinétique du xipamide chez l'insuffisant rénal chronique." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05P192.
Full textAniort, Julien. "Mécanismes de l'atrophie musculaire au cours de l'insuffisance rénale." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAS024.
Full textRésumé indisponible
Kajbaf, Farshad. "Metformine et insuffisance rénale : réévaluation du rapport bénéfices-risques." Thesis, Amiens, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AMIE0024/document.
Full textAlthough metformin is acknowledged as having a pivotal role in the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus, there is still a debate concerning the drug's beneficial and adverse effects. The purpose of the present work was three-fold: (i) To perform a critical, qualitative examination of reports of so-called MALA, with a focus on the criteria for the definition of MALA, the prognostic value of the latter criteria in severe MALA, and the mortality rate; (ii) To examine the advantages and limitations of measuring metformin concentrations in blood (plasma and erythrocytes) when screening for metformin accumulation and assessing its extent and consequences; and (iii) to conduct an open-label pilot study with metformin therapy in patients at all chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages. Patients underwent 1 week-blocks of metformin treatment at an increasing dosage (each block followed by a 1 week-wash-out period). Metformin levels were measured in plasma and in erythrocytes (the tissue compartment) according to metformin dosage and CKD severity. Lactate levels were also measured. A progressive dose-related increase of the trough metformin levels was observed, more pronounced in moderate to severe CKD. There was no case of significant hyperlactatemia. Our conclusion is that it may be possible to continue metformin therapy under safe conditions in patients with CKD (and even severe CKD), provided that the metformin dose is appropriately adjusted. We are waiting for the results of a complementary, follow-up study, conducted over 4 months, with a fixed and adapted dose to the renal function of metformin to provide a solid basis for the adoption of metformin therapy in CKD
Taïbi, Fatiha. "Implication des microARNs dans la calcification artérielle liée à l'insuffisance rénale chronique." Amiens, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AMIED004.
Full textLecru, Lola. "Les récepteurs cannabinoïdes : une nouvelle cible thérapeutique de la fibrogenèse rénale." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA11T088.
Full textChronic kidney disease, secondary to renal fibrogenesis, is a burden on public health. In the present study, we show that the cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1) may be a new pathway in renal fibrogenesis, independently of its involvement in metabolic disease. We found that CB1 expression was highly expressed in kidney biopsies of patients suffering from IgA nephropathy, diabetes, and acute interstitial nephritis. We also used an experimental model of renal fibrosis, the unilateral ureteral-obstruction model, in mice. Both genetic and pharmacological invalidation of CB1 induced a profound reduction in renal fibrosis, showing its prominent role in renal fibrosis. Cannabinoid receptor 2 is also involved in renal fibrogenesis but does not potentialize the role of CB1. CB1 expression is drastically increased in myofibroblasts upon TGFß-1 stimulation. The decrease in renal fibrosis during CB1 invalidation is explained by a direct action on myofibroblasts: CB1 blockade reduced collagen expression in vitro. In addition, CB1 also modulates the macrophage infiltrate responsible for renal fibrosis in unilateral ureteral obstruction through a decrease in MCP1 synthesis, a major chemoattractant cytokine. Our study strongly suggests a major role for CB1 in the activation of myofibroblasts, which are the main effector cells in renal fibrogenesis, and suggests that CB1 may represent a major new target for treating chronic kidney disease
Briet, Marie. "Influence de l'insuffisance rénale chronique et de la pollution atmosphérique sur les propriétés mécaniques et fonctionnelles des artères de gros calibre." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05D038.
Full textVascular remodeling in large arteries is an active process in response to hemodynamic or humoral changes. Arterial remodeling in chronic renal failure is characterized by carotid enlargement without intima-media thickening determining an increased circumferential wall stress, together with an increased carotid and aortic stiffness. These abnormalities are related with alterations of mineral metabolism, and an overexpression of genes implicated in cell migration, proliferation, apoptosis and in extracellular matrix function. In healthy subjects, air pollutants impaired endothelial function, gaseous pollutants negatively influencing flow mediated dilation of the brachial artery, and particles enhancing reactive hyperemia of small arteries. In this thesis, we precised the influence of hemodynamic and humoral substances on arterial remodeling and function
Nadeau, Mélanie. "Effet de l'érythropoïétine sur la fonction endothéliale en insuffisance rénale." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24393/24393.pdf.
Full textAbed, Ahmed. "Connexin 43 and connexin 37 in experimental models of nephropathy." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066668.
Full textL’incidence de l’insuffisance rénale chronique (IRC) s’accroît dans le monde entier à cause du vieillissement de la population, de l’amélioration de la survie aux maladies cardio-vasculaires et du développement du diabète de type 2. L’IRC se caractérise par une inflammation chronique et une accumulation excessive de matrice extracellulaire, associées à des altérations des différents compartiments du rein. Cela conduit à un déclin progressif de la fonction rénale. Dans de nombreux cas, il n’existe pas de moyen efficace pour inverser le processus pathologique primaire et la majorité de ces patients progressent vers le stade terminal de l’IRC. Par conséquent, de nouveaux médiateurs, et donc de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques sont indispensables pour lutter contre cette maladie. Les connexines (Cx) jouent un rôle crucial dans l’homéostasie cellulaire et pourraient être considérées parmi les médiateurs de la fonction et/ou dysfonction rénale en raison de leur capacité à réguler de multiples signaux physiopathologiques. Il existe 20 différentes Cx, toutes membres de la famille des protéines transmembranaires formant les jonctions gap. Le dérèglement de l’expression des Cx est connu pour être impliqué dans le développement de plusieurs pathologies. Récemment, nous avons démontré que l’expression des Cx43 et Cx37 est altérée durant les stades précoces de la néphropathie expérimentale murine. L’objectif de cette étude est de déterminer si les Cx43 et Cx37 participent à la progression de l’IRC dans des modèles animaux. Dans un premier temps, nous avons exploré le rôle de la Cx43 dans trois modèles expérimentaux ciblant trois différents compartiments du rein. Ainsi, en ciblant la Cx43 via une approche génétique ou pharmacogénétique, nous avons pu protéger la structure du rein et préserver sa fonction, principalement grâce à une diminution du degré d’inflammation et de fibrose. Dans un second temps, nous avons étudié le rôle physiopathologique de la Cx37 dans les cellules épithéliales tubulaires en utilisant des souris Cx37 KO. En conditions physiologiques, ces souris présentaient un léger phénotype de la fonction rénale possiblement lié à la signalisation purinergique dans les segments distaux du néphron. De plus, ces souris étaient relativement protégées contre la néphropathie obstructive, indiquant que la Cx37 est aussi impliquée dans la dysfonction tubulaire rénale. Ce travail démontre que les Cx pourraient représenter des cibles thérapeutiques prometteuses contre la progression de la maladie rénale. Toutefois, des études mécanistes supplémentaires sont nécessaires pour appuyer nos observations et pour mieux comprendre le rôle des ces protéines dans l’IRC
Bienaimé, Frank. "Bases moléculaires de la progression des maladies rénales chroniques : rôle de la voie AKT et de STAT3." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066228.
Full textSlimani, Samira. "Rôle de la protéine FBXW4 dans le complexe SCF et dans le développement du split hand/split foot malformation de type 3 (SHFM3)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66675.
Full textProtein degradation, also known as proteolysis, is essential for cell function and survival. It is most often achieved through the ubiquitination of proteins, a process that allows the proteasome to recognize and cleave such proteins. In this project, I studied two clinical cases in which the protein F-box/WD repeat-containing protein 4 (FBXW4) was believed to play a role. Both patients suffered from a polymalformative syndrome characterized by an ectrodactyly called type 3 split hand/split foot malformation (SHFM3) and chronic renal failure. Both patients also bore a P376Q mutation in FBXW4. As previous studies was consistent with the possibility that FBXW4 was part of an ubiquitination complex, we hypothesized that the mutation affected the assembly of this complex and resulted in the observed clinical disorders. I therefore reproduced the mutation in vitro among others at this location and characterized the effects of such mutations in Xenopus laevis oocyte expression system. I found that FBXW4 was organized in homooligomers and that the nature of the residue of position 376 played a role in assembly of the FBXW4 containing complex. I also found that the nature of residue 376 affected the binding of FBXW4 to another protein in the complex, that is, to Skp1. These results allow us to draw the following conclusions: 1) the mutation identified affects the oligomeric assembly of FBXW4, 2) it is thus very likely to be causative, and 3) it could cause an ubiquitination disorder in which certain proteins are not properly degraded during development
Santana, Machado Tacy. "Rôle des toxines urémiques et du facteur de transcription AhR dans la modulation de l'expression des transporteurs hépatiques au cours de l'insuffisance rénale chronique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0170/document.
Full textChronic kidney disease leads to the retention of uremic toxins, such as indoxyl sulfate (IS). In patients with CKD, not only renal but also non-renal clearance of drugs is altered. Moreover, these patients, due to the severity of the disease and significant comorbidites, require the prescription of numerous medications and they are regularly exposed to frequent drug-related adverse effects. Thus, we tested whether the uremic toxin IS, could change the expression of main liver transporters involved in drug clearance. We demonstrated that IS increases the expression and activity of the efflux transporter P-glycoprotein encoded by ABCB1 in human hepatoma cells (HepG2). The transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is the intracellular receptor of IS. We have shown that the effect of IS on P-glycoprotein is dependent on AhR. In a mouse model of CKD (adenine diet), the decline in renal function lead to the accumulation of IS in the serum and to the specific up-regulation of Abcb1a in the liver. In addition, cardiac and kidney transplant recipients with CKD needed higher doses of cyclosporine, a P-gp substrate, to obtain the cyclosporine target blood level to prevent graft rejection. This need was associated with serum levels of IS, independently of renal function. Altogether, these results suggest that uremic toxins such as IS, through their effect on drug transporters, may participate in the modification of the non-renal clearance of drugs in patients with CKD