Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Insuffisance respiratoire aigue'
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Mortamet, Guillaume. "Evaluation du travail respiratoire dans l'insuffisance respiratoire aigue de l'enfant." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC0010/document.
Full textAcute respiratory failure is the leading cause of hospital admissions in the pediatric intensive care unit and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Since the pediatric population is characterized by a great heterogeneity in terms of age and respiratory pathology, individualization of therapeutic management is essential. Different minimally invasive methods have been described to assess the patient's work of breathing in acute respiratory failure.Objectives - The main objective of the project was to assess the diagnostic and therapeutic contribution of the measurement of the work of breathing in children with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure.Methods - We used in the present work three tools to assess the work of breathing: oesogastric pressures, electrical activity of the diaphragm monitoring and oxygen consumption measurements.Results - We highlighted how these different methods are valuable during the ICU stay: (i) in the early phase of the disease to initiate or withdraw noninvasive ventilation and to optimize its settings; (ii) in the recovery phase to evaluate the patient-ventilator interaction; (iii) during the weaning process to early detect an increase in work of breathing.Conclusion - Throughout the disease process, the work of breathing assessment can be useful to enhance our understanding of the pathophysiology of lung disease, to optimize mechanical ventilation settings and adapt therapeutic interventions
Ortali, Christian. "L'insuffisance respiratoire aigüe grave aprés 70 ans : à propos de 141 cas." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR25245.
Full textRozé, Hadrien. "Activité électrique diaphragmatique au cours du sevrage ventilatoire après insuffisance respiratoire aigue." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0293/document.
Full textThe control of breathing results from a complex interaction involving differentrespiratory centers, which feed signals to a central control mechanism that, in turn, provides outputto the effector muscles. Afferent inputs arising from chemo- and mechanoreceptors, related to thephysical status of the respiratory system and to the activation of the respiratory muscles, modulatepermanently the respiratory command to adapt ventilation to the needs. Diaphragm electricalactivation provides information about respiratory drive, respiratory muscle loading, patientventilatorsynchrony and efficiency of breathing in critically ill patients. The use of inappropriatelevel of assist during spontaneous breathing with over or under assist might be harmful withdiaphragmatic dysfunction, alveolar injury and asynchrony. The first study settled NAVA modeaccording to the EAdi recorded during a failed spontaneous breathing trial (SBT). An unexpecteddaily increase of EAdi has been found during SBT until extubation. The second study did not findany increase of the neuroventilatory efficiency during weaning, possibly because of residualsedation. A third study described the inhibition of residual sedation on EAdi and tidal volume at thebeginning of the weaning, and the correlation between them. The last study did not find anyincrease of tidal volume under NAVA after lung transplantation, with denervated lung withoutHerring Breuer reflex, compared to a control group. Moreover tidal volume under NAVA wascorrelated to total lung capacity. These studies highlight the interest of EAdi monitoring duringweaning
Cadelis, Gilbert. "Creation du systeme expert ira (aide au diagnostic et au traitement d'une insuffisance respiratoire aigue)." Lille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL2M289.
Full textKOLBER, CHANTAL. "Effet de la rotation laterale continue (kinetic therapy) sur l'hypoxemie arterielle au cours de l'insuffisance aigue severe et le syndrome de detresse respiratoire aigue (sdra) : etude retrospective a partir de 14 malades." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO1M260.
Full textUrsule, Hélène. "Les insuffisances respiratoires aiguës au cours de l'accés pernicieux palustre : à propos de trois observations." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR25259.
Full textMatray, Bernard. "Les intoxications aigues au glifanan : a propos de 29 cas hospitalises au centre hospitalier regional de toulouse dans les blocs de reanimation respiratoire de 1979 c 1987." Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU31322.
Full textTHOUVENIN, VINCENT. "Pronostic des decompensations respiratoires aigues de l'ancien mineur de charbon pneumoconiotique : a propos de 84 observations : hopital germon & gauthier bethune." Lille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL2M204.
Full textRenaud, Gisèle. "Survie immediate et a moyen terme des insuffisants respiratoires chroniques apres intubation et ventilation mecanique pour decompensation respiratoire aigue : a propos de 46 patients." Besançon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BESA3011.
Full textGIACOBBI, DOMINIQUE. "Ventilation par masque nasal dans les decompensations aigues des insuffisances respiratoires chroniques." Nice, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NICE6536.
Full textLena, Hervé. "Les complications respiratoires du bcnu : a propos d'une observation." Rennes 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993REN1M072.
Full textAldrin, Philippe. "La BiPAP, et son application dans le traitement des décompensations respiratoires aiguës des insuffisants respiratoires chroniques." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2M180.
Full textSchortgen, Frédérique. "Prévention de l’insuffisance rénale aiguë ischémique chez le patient ventilé." Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST0102/document.
Full textCritically ill patients needing mechanical ventilation are particularly exposed to ischemic renal injury leading for acute kidney injury (AKI) occurrence is associated and poor outcome. The aim of this work was to optimize AKI prevention. We evaluated protective measures for renal oxygen delivery on one hand and the performance of usual tools for the detection and characterization of renal injury on the other hand.The main measure in preventing AKI is the correction and the preservation of blood volume; fluid resuscitation is, however, associated with an increased risk of pulmonary oedema. Our results show that renal outcome depends on the type of fluid used with an increased risk of AKI using hydroxyethylstarches and/or hyper-oncotic colloids while pulmonary function is not influenced by the type of fluids used but depends on the volume infused. Pulmonary worsening seems to occure for a lower volume of colloids than crystalloids, probably because of a higher efficiency to increase intravascular volume.In addition to the restoration of renal perfusion, arterial oxygenation is a potential determinant of renal oxygenation. Because the use of a low FiO2 level is recommended to avoid oxygen related pulmonary lesions, we assessed the renal response to a moderate hypoxemia, usually applied in patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Two hours of mechanical ventilation with a SaO2 between 88% and 92% induces renal diuretic and vascular response identified by Doppler. This response is independent from ventilator and hemodynamic changes. Renal response is rapidly reversible with the correction of hypoxemia. In addition to the ability in detecting changes of intra-renal vascular resistances, we found that Doppler resistive index is helpful in predicting the persistence of AKI, better than most of the usual urinary indices.Our works allow a better approach of the intricate mechanisms in preventing renal and pulmonary functions. Fluid resuscitation can be optimized preferring hypo-oncotic fluids for reducing AKI incidence without apparent negative impact on pulmonary function. Renal response to a moderate hypoxemia suggests that arterial oxygen preservation might be essential for renal function preservation. Renal Doppler is a promising tool for the selection and the evaluation of AKI preventive measures
Georges, Hugues, and NADEGE GUETEAU. "Analyse du pronostic des insuffisants respiratoires chroniques ayant presente un episode de decompensation aigue : a propos de 154 observations colligees dans trois services de reanimation." Lille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL2M053.
Full textLesieur, Olivier. "Consequences hemodynamiques et respiratoires de l'administration d'une emulsion lipidique chez le patient hypoxemique : influence du debit de perfusion." Lille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL2M314.
Full textTIROT, PATRICE. "La pseudo-obstruction colique aigue chez l'insuffisant respiratoire chronique decompense sous ventilation artificielle : etude retrospective et prospective." Angers, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ANGE1014.
Full textLe, Bricon Thierry. "Etat nutritionnel de patients en réanimation, atteints de bronchopneumopathie chronique obstructive, au cours de décompensations respiratoires aig͏̈ues." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05P095.
Full textSchortgen, Frédérique, and Frédérique Schortgen. "Prévention de l'insuffisance rénale aiguë ischémique chez le patient ventilé." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00734347.
Full textGarcia, Eric. "Survie des patients infectés par le VIH admis en réanimation médicale pour insuffisance respiratoire aigue͏̈." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2M111.
Full textFort, Pierre-Arnaud. "Ventilation non invasive : de l'expérience hospitalière à la prise en charge pré-hospitalière de l'insuffisance respiratoire aigue͏̈." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2M096.
Full textMartin, Pascale @Polu Jean-Marie. "Déficience de la régulation ventilatoire et insuffisance respiratoire aiguë hypercapnique." [S.l] : [s.n], 2003. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCDMED_T_2003_MARTIN_PASCAL.pdf.
Full textJacoupy-Essouri, Sandrine. "Insuffisance respiratoire aiguë hypercapnique de l’enfant : bases physiopathologiques et implications pour la ventilation mécanique noninvasive." Paris 12, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA120034.
Full textNoninvasive ventilation (NIV) has numerous potential indications in childhood. The aim of the present work was to analyse the physiological consequences of some common causes of respiratory failure in children and to evaluate the benefit of NIV. We analysed the work of breathing in 10 infants, mean age 8 months, presenting with severe upper airway obstruction due to structural abnomalities of the upper airway. Their work of breathing was dramatically increased and decreased significantly with NIV, which translated in an improvement of breathing pattern and gas exchange. In 13 children hospitalised in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) for an acute hypercapnic respiratory failure, NIV was associated with a reduction in the work of breathing and an improvement of alveolar ventilation and gas exchange. Moreover, a clinical setting of NIV was as efficient as a physiological setting. A preliminary study on 6 infants hospitalised in the PICU for severe bronchiolitis, NIV decreased the work of breathing and improved alveolar ventilation. In conclusion, the measurement of the work of breathing in various causes of respiratory failure in children improves our understanding of the pathophysiology of respiratory failure and the benefit of NIV
Lineau, Christine. "Insuffisance respiratoire aiguë après talcage intrapleural : à propos d'un cas." Rennes 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992REN1M114.
Full textBENATTAR, YOUSSEF. "Nutrition parenterale chez l'adulte dans les insuffisances renale et respiratoire aigues et dans l'insuffisance hepatique." Strasbourg 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994STR15047.
Full textJacoupy-Essouri, Sandrine Fauroux Brigitte. "Insuffisance respiratoire aiguë hypercapnique de l'enfant bases physiopathologiques et implications pour la ventilation mécanique noninvasive /." Créteil : Université de Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2007. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:8080/theses-npd/th0367739.pdf.
Full textPison, Christophe. "Role du foie dans l'adaptation à l'hypoxie : étude sur hépatocytes isolés de rat et chez l'insuffisant respiratoire chronique grave." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10270.
Full textVargas, Frédéric. "Ventilation par percussion intra pulmonaire et explorasions fonctionnelles respiratoires dans l'insuffisance respiratoire aigüe des patients avec broncho-pneumopathie chronique obstructive." Bordeaux 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR21364.
Full textAcute respiratory failure (ARF) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a frequent reason for admission in intensive care unit. It has been demonstrated that non invasive ventilation can reverse acute respiratory failure in a significant portion of patients with exacerbation of COPD. Intrapulmonary percussive ventilation (IPV), intended for the therapeutic mobilization of bronchial secretions could offer a treatment directed against the onset of decompensation, specifically the increase in airway mucus that is responsible for increasing airway resistance. COPD patients present with a high risk of muscular respiratory failure and may prove difficult to wean. Extubation failure is an independent risk factor for nosocomial pneumonia and mortality in mechanically ventilated patients. The frequency unfavourable impact of reintubation on outcome indicates that accurate prediction of extubation outcome would be potentially important. We have demonstrated that IPV is a safe technique and may prevent deterioration in cases of acute exacerbations of COPD with mild respiratory acidosis. IPV led to a significant decrease in respiratory rate, a, increase in PaO2 and a decrease in PaCO2. We have showed that early measurements, one hour after extubation, of airway occlusion pressure (P0. 1) and expiratory limitation of flow by the negative expiratory pressure method could individualize COPD patients at high risk of acute respiratory failure in the period following extubation. We have also studied the interest of intrapulmonary percussive ventilation in COPD patients studied in post extubation with a high risk of acute respiratory failure and demonstrated that a session of IPV allowed a significant reduction of expiratory flow limitation and of airway occlusion pressure
Oswald, Thierry. "Diagnostic non-invasif de l'hypertension arterielle pulmonaire des affections respiratoires chroniques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR1M203.
Full textSeigneux, Sophie de. "Pronostic des patients avec un syndrome de détresse respiratoire aiguë et une insuffisance rénale aiguë traités par hémofiltration continue aux soins intensifs /." Genève : Ed. Médecine et hygiène, 2004. http://www.unige.ch/cyberdocuments/theses2004/deSeigneuxS/these.pdf.
Full textCoudroy, Rémi. "Stratégies d'oxygénation non invasives dans l'insuffisance respiratoire aiguë hypoxémique des patients immunodéprimés." Thesis, Poitiers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019POIT1403.
Full textAcute respiratory failure is the leading cause of intensive care unit admission in immunocompromised patients. Despite therapeutic progresses, their mortality rate remains intolerably high when invasive mechanical ventilation is needed. Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is currently recommended as first-line treatment in this setting given the mortality reduction reported in old randomized trials. Recently, benefits of NIV have been challenged by large sample sized trials. However, NIV settings may have been suboptimal in these studies and consequently dampened its efficacy. Moreover, high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFOT), a more recent oxygenation technique, was associated with promising results in various clinical settings. This project aims at conducting a randomized multicenter controlled trial comparing optimized NIV with HFOT in critically ill immunocompromised patients with acute respiratory failure. First, we validated the research hypothesis, the primary outcome, the sample size calculation and the recruitment rate of the project by means of a pilot retrospective study. Then, the NIV protocol was built based on a systematic review of literature comparing the efficacy of previously published NIV protocols. Afterwards, we identified factors independently associated with NIV failure in hypoxemic patients to identify respiratory parameters to monitor during NIV. Next, we determined mechanisms leading to physiological effects of HFOT in a bench study and a study on healthy volunteers. Last, we chose the most reliable method to estimate inspired oxygen fraction under oxygen mask in a study comparing the different existing methods in order to refine inclusion criteria of the project. All in all, these five above-mentioned preliminary studies enabled to conduct a prospective multicenter randomized trial in 30 centers in France and in Italy aiming at comparing effects of HFOT alone at 60 L/min to its association with optimized NIV (applied at least 12 hours a day with a positive end-expiratory pressure of at least 8 cmH2O and an expired tidal volume lower than 8 ml/kg of predicted body weight) on mortality at day 28 in 300 immunocompromised patients admitted to the ICU for acute respiratory failure
Frat, Jean-Pierre. "Impact clinique des techniques non-invasives d'oxygénation au cours de l'insuffisance respiratoire aiguë." Thesis, Poitiers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019POIT1402.
Full textStandard oxygen, high-flow nasal oxygen therapy (HFNO) and non-invasive ventilation (NIV), and are three strategies of oxygenation usually applied in the ICU for patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. However, it is not well established which technique is better to avoid intubation and thus the related morbidity and mortality, but also which one can secure intubation procedure in case of failure. Objectives: To conduct clinical studies in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: 1- to compare oxygen strategies including standard oxygen, HFNO, or NIV (associated with HFNO) in terms of intubation and mortality rates; 2- to determine factors associated with oxygen strategies failure, i.e. intubation and mortality; 3- to determine which technique of pre-oxygenation best decreases the risk of severe hypoxemia during intubation procedure before invasive ventilation. Methods: 1- feasibility and efficiency of the association of NIV/HFNO (HFNO interspaced between NIV sessions) were validated in a first clinical study conducted in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure; 2- Impact on prognosis of standard oxygen, HFNO, association of NIV/HFNO were compared in multicenter randomized controlled trial in the same population; 3- factors associated with intubation and mortality were determined in a post-hoc analysis; 4- efficiency of NIV and HFNO during pre-oxygenation were compared in a multicenter randomized controlled trial in patients requiring intubation during the management of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. Results: In patients treated for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, HFNO has shown 1- beneficial respiratory effects, with an increase in PaO2, decrease in respiratory rate, as compared to standard oxygen; 2- a better prognosis in terms of mortality and intubation as compared to standard oxygen and NIV; 3- factors associated with intubation and mortality after NIV treatment included high tidal volume generated by patients within the first hours of NIV initiation; 4- pre-oxygenation by NIV before intubation of patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure decreased the risk of severe hypoxemia during the intubation procedure as compared pre-oxygenation with HFNO. Conclusions: Patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure seem to benefit of a first line treatment with HFNO in terms of mortality and intubation as compared standard oxygen and NIV. However, NIV has a place in these patients during pre-oxygenation before intubation to secure intubation procedure by decreasing the risk of severe hypoxemia
GOUTORBE, FREDERIC. "Ventilation mecanique par masque facial (nasal ou nasobuccal) dans les decompensations aigues graves des insuffisances respiratoires chroniques : etude retrospective de 53 observations." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO1M352.
Full textBerrube, Élise. "Patient self-inflicted lung injury et ventilator induced lung injury : De l'insuffisance respiratoire aiguë de novo à l'exacerbation aiguë de pneumopathie intersititielle diffuse." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMR030.
Full textIntroductionIn the course of de novo acute respiratory failure (ARF) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and spontaneous respiratory efforts, may paradoxically worsen initial alveolar lesions and cause ventilator induced lung injury (VILI) or patient self-inflicted lung injury (P-SILI). Acute exacerbation of diffuse interstitial lung disease (AE-ILD) presents similar characteristics to ARDS in semiology, histology and radiology. However, the risk of mortality remains higher in AE-ILD despite improved knowledge of VILI and P-SILI. MethodsWe were interested in the effects of ventilation and spontaneous respiratory effort during AE-ILD.ResultsWe first studied the effects of non-invasive oxygenation strategies during de novo ARF, and showed that non-invasive ventilation (NIV) increased tidal volume compared to high flow nasal canulae oxygen therapy (HFNC) without increasing alveolar recruitment, thus exposing the lung to the risk of overdistention. We then developed a mechanical artificial lung model reproducing spontaneous ventilation during de novo ARF and studied the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in P-SILI.We then used this knowledge learned from de novo ARF to model spontaneous ventilation in patients with ILD at rest, during maximal exercise and AE-ILD. We demonstrated that the inhomogeneity of lung injury and of compliance in ILD was associated during exercise and AE-ILD, with the presence of mechanisms involved in P-SILI: recruitment/derecruitment, overdistension, stress concentration and Pendelluft phenomenon.We then exposed this AE-ILD model to the challenges of IMV. We showed that IMV applied with tidal volumes of more than 5 ml/kg PBW, positive expiratory pressure levels of more than 4 cmH2O and respiratory rates of more than 25 cpm were deleterious in our model. At the same time, we evaluated the effects of non-invasive oxygenation strategies during AE-ILD in a retrospective clinical study. We found no difference between NIV and HFNC in mortality or use of invasive ventilation. ConclusionOur research has highlighted the occurence of P-SILI and VILI during AE-ILD and has shown a major risk of overdistension in AE-ILD during IMV. Our model of AE-ILD could help us to develop optimized and personalized oxygenation strategies for AE-ILD patients
Darmon, Michaël. "Outils d'évaluation de la réponse rénale aux agressions chez le patient de réanimation." Thesis, Paris Est, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PEST0038.
Full textGosselin, Catherine. "Inhalation d'anhydride sulfureux et pathologie respiratoire : à propos d'un cas d'inhalation aiguë accidentelle survenu en milieu de travail (CHR de Caen)." Caen, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CAEN3103.
Full textDemoule, Alexandre. "Implication du diaphragme murin dans la genèse d'une réponse inflammatoire au cours des états septiques et dans un modèle de dystrophie musculaire." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066356.
Full textChouihed, Tahar. "Identification des profils congestifs de l'insuffisance cardiaque aiguë pour guider les stratégies diagnostiques et thérapeutiques de prise en charge en urgence." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0065/document.
Full textAcute dyspnea due to pulmonary congestion in acute heart failure (AHF) is a common reason for admission to the ER. Currently, AHF is twice as common and associated with a twofold higher risk of death (8%) than acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Pre-hospital and emergency care has become the cornerstone of care of these patients. In recent years, new paradigms have emerged surrounding AHF management, highlighting the complexity of this disease. Hence the use of the term acute heart failure syndrome (AHFS), a terminology underscoring the plurality of clinical situations and the diversity of congestive profiles. However, the assessment of congestion distribution during an AHFS is currently predominantly based on clinical arguments in spite of limited data. Alternatively, lung ultrasound (LUS) and estimation of plasma volume (ePVS, based on hemoglobin and hematocrit) could allow for a better assessment of congestive profiles. Several studies report that the rapid and accurate etiological diagnosis of acute dyspnea is associated with prognosis. Despite the availability of diagnostic tools including clinical exam, biomarkers and radiology, there is still considerable uncertainty regarding etiological diagnosis in the emergency department (ED) setting, hence rendering it difficult in reducing the « Time to therapy » advocated by the recommendations of the European Cardiology Society 2016 for AHF. The objectives of the present work were to identify distinct congestion profiles of AHF, to clarify the diagnostic and prognostic value of these profiles in the context of acute dyspnea, and to determine whether the therapeutic effect of initial emergency management modalities is dependent on these congestive profiles. In the course of our work, we were able to demonstrate in the DeFSSICA cohort that the tools allowing a better assessment of the patient's congestive profile (particularly LUS and ePVS) are rarely used in ED. In a second study, we showed in the PARADISE cohort (NCT02800122) - designed as part of this PhD research project - that impaired renal function, hyponatremia and dysglycemia are significantly associated with prognosis in patients with acute dyspnea. In a third study, we showed that the ePVS is an effective AHF diagnostic tool and that a higher congestion level assessed by ePVS is associated with higher in-hospital mortality of patients admitted for acute dyspnea. Our work also enabled us to design and initiate the PURPLE (Pathway and Urgent caRe of dyspneic Patients at the emergency department in LorrainE district - NCT03194243) study, which collects clinical and paraclinical data of patients admitted for acute dyspnea on a prospective basis. Lastly, this PhD research project enabled designing and obtain funding for the EMERALD-US project (Evaluation of the feasibility of implementing and performance of an Emergency Echography algorithm for the diagnosis of Acute Dyspnea-UltraSound) which aims to validate an original algorithm specific to emergency situations using lung, cardiac and vascular ultrasound for the etiological diagnosis of acute dyspnea
Marjanovic, Nicolas. "Approche globale du support ventilatoire en médecine d'urgence." Thesis, Poitiers, 2020. http://theses.univ-poitiers.fr/64158/2020-Marjanovic-Nicolas-These.
Full textAcute respiratory failure is a common complaint of patients visiting the Emergency Department and conventional oxygen therapy is its first-line treatment. Ventilatory support is required when nasal oxygen therapy is not enough or as a first-line treatment in the most severe cases. Ventilatory supports include high-flow and humidified nasal cannula oxygen (HNFO) and mechanical ventilation. Data assessing their values in Emergency Departments (EDs) mainly come from research conducted in Intensive Care Units. In addition, a comprehensive approach of their application and their results in Emergency Departments has never been conducted.The aim of this research is to provide a comprehensive assessment of ventilatory supports in EDs by assessing the place of HFNO, introducing recently in this setting, and the practice of noninvasive and invasive mechanical ventilation in EDs. We assessed first the clinical and biological impact of HFNO in patients admitting to an ED for de novo acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, then in patients admitting for acute hypercapnic respiratory failure secondary to acute heart failure, through two prospective studies. In addition, we provided a matching of data issued from all prospective trials conducted in the EDs. We aimed to determine if early application of HFNO in patients with acute respiratory failure improves outcome. We found HFNO applied early was associated with an improvement in clinical and biological patterns in patients admitted for de novo acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, and similarly in patients admitted for acute hypercapnic respiratory failure due to acute heart failure. However, HFNO was not associated with a reduction of mechanical ventilation requirements or in mortality. In addition, we assessed mechanical ventilation in the ED by analysing three determinants that may influence patient’s outcome. First, we conducted a large bench test assessing performance and usability of all emergency ventilators marketed in Europe or North America and assessing through two distinct studies. Then, we assessed the mechanical ventilation practice in six French EDs and measured the association between mechanical ventilation settings and patients’ outcome. Performance of recent emergency ventilator were closes to ICU ventilators due to high technological improvements in the last decades. These improvements were associated with an increase of their complexity without impairment of their usability. Finally, in six French EDs, most of the patients were treated with a low tidal volume (between 6 and 8 mL/kg of predicted body weight) as recommend by scientific societies. However, a low tidal volume strategy was not associated with a reduction in the acute respiratory distress incidence as well as in mortality. These studies provided a comprehensive assessment of the ventilator support in the ED, including invasive and noninvasive ventilation, through a clinical and technological approach, and an emerging treatment, HFNO, by its clinical, biological and prognostic impact
Mortamet, Guillaume. "Évaluation du travail respiratoire dans l’insuffisance respiratoire aiguë de l’enfant." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20260.
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