Relevant bibliographies by topics / Insulin suggestion

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Insulin suggestion'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Insulin suggestion"

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Kalra, Sanjay, and Yatan Pal Singh Balhara. "Insulin Distress." US Endocrinology 14, no. 1 (2018): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/use.2018.14.1.27.

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Diabetes distress (DD) is a commonly encountered adjustment disorder among persons living with diabetes. This article discusses insulin distress, a subtype of DD, which has distinct characteristics. Insulin distress can be defined as an emotional response to a suggestion to use insulin; characterized by extreme apprehension, discomfort, dejection, or denial; due to a perceived inability to cope with the requirements of insulin therapy. We describe the etiopathogenesis, clinical features and management of insulin distress. They highlight the clinical challenges that insulin distress poses in some persons. Pragmatic suggestions are shared regarding the addressing of insulin distress before or in parallel with insulin prescription.
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Park, Yoonha, and Jae Young Yun. "Visualization Design Suggestion of Artificial Intelligence Based Insulin Prescription Process." Design Convergence Study 20, no. 4 (2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31678/sdc89.1.

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Shehadeh, N., L. Gelertner, S. Blazer, R. Perlman, L. Solovachik, and A. Etzioni. "Importance of insulin content in infant diet: suggestion for a new infant formula." Acta Paediatrica 90, no. 1 (2007): 93–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.2001.tb00262.x.

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Laurenti, Marcello C., Chiara Dalla Man, Ron T. Varghese, et al. "Insulin Pulse Characteristics and Insulin Action in Non-diabetic Humans." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 106, no. 6 (2021): 1702–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgab100.

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Abstract Objective Pulsatile insulin secretion is impaired in diseases such as type 2 diabetes that are characterized by insulin resistance. This has led to the suggestion that changes in insulin pulsatility directly impair insulin signaling. We sought to examine the effects of pulse characteristics on insulin action in humans, hypothesizing that a decrease in pulse amplitude or frequency is associated with impaired hepatic insulin action. Methods We studied 29 nondiabetic subjects on two occasions. On 1 occasion, hepatic and peripheral insulin action was measured using a euglycemic clamp. The deuterated water method was used to estimate the contribution of gluconeogenesis to endogenous glucose production. On a separate study day, we utilized nonparametric stochastic deconvolution of frequently sampled peripheral C-peptide concentrations during fasting to reconstruct portal insulin secretion. In addition to measuring basal and pulsatile insulin secretion, we used approximate entropy to measure orderliness and Fourier transform to measure the average, and the dispersion of, insulin pulse frequencies. Results In univariate analysis, basal insulin secretion (R2 = 0.16) and insulin pulse amplitude (R2 = 0.09) correlated weakly with insulin-induced suppression of gluconeogenesis. However, after adjustment for age, sex, and weight, these associations were no longer significant. The other pulse characteristics also did not correlate with the ability of insulin to suppress endogenous glucose production (and gluconeogenesis) or to stimulate glucose disappearance. Conclusions Overall, our data demonstrate that insulin pulse characteristics, considered independently of other factors, do not correlate with measures of hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity in nondiabetic humans.
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Viscarra, Jose A., Cory D. Champagne, Daniel E. Crocker, and Rudy M. Ortiz. "5′AMP-activated protein kinase activity is increased in adipose tissue of northern elephant seal pups during prolonged fasting-induced insulin resistance." Journal of Endocrinology 209, no. 3 (2011): 317–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/joe-11-0017.

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Northern elephant seals endure a 2- to 3-month fast characterized by sustained hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia, and increased plasma cortisol and free fatty acids, conditions often seen in insulin-resistant humans. We had previously shown that adipose Glut4 expression and 5′AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity increase and plasma glucose decreases in fasting seals suggesting that AMPK activity contributes to glucose regulation during insulin-resistant conditions. To address the hypothesis that AMPK activity increases during fasting-induced insulin resistance, we performed glucose tolerance tests (GTT) on early (n=5) and late (n=8)-fasted seal pups and compared adipose tissue expression of insulin signaling proteins, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), and AMPK, in addition to plasma adiponectin, leptin, cortisol, insulin, and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels. Fasting was associated with decreased glucose clearance, plasma insulin and adiponectin, and intracellular insulin signaling, as well as increased plasma cortisol and NEFAs, supporting the suggestion that seals develop insulin resistance late in the fast. The expression of Glut4 and VAMP2 increased (52 and 63% respectively) with fasting but did not change significantly during the GTT. PPARγ and phosphorylated AMPK did not change in the early fasted seals, but increased significantly (73 and 50% respectively) in the late-fasted seals during the GTT. Increased AMPK activity along with the reduction in the activity of insulin-signaling proteins supports our hypothesis that AMPK activity is increased following the onset of insulin resistance. The association between increased AMPK activity and Glut4 expression suggests that AMPK plays a greater role in regulating glucose metabolism in mammals adapted to prolonged fasting than in non-fasting mammals.
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Viñals, Clara, Aleix Beneyto, Juan-Fernando Martín-SanJosé, et al. "Artificial Pancreas With Carbohydrate Suggestion Performance for Unannounced and Announced Exercise in Type 1 Diabetes." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 106, no. 1 (2020): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaa562.

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Abstract Objective To evaluate the safety and performance of a new multivariable closed-loop (MCL) glucose controller with automatic carbohydrate recommendation during and after unannounced and announced exercise in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Research Design and Methods A randomized, 3-arm, crossover clinical trial was conducted. Participants completed a heavy aerobic exercise session including three 15-minute sets on a cycle ergometer with 5 minutes rest in between. In a randomly determined order, we compared MCL control with unannounced (CLNA) and announced (CLA) exercise to open-loop therapy (OL). Adults with T1D, insulin pump users, and those with hemoglobin (Hb)A1c between 6.0% and 8.5% were eligible. We investigated glucose control during and 3 hours after exercise. Results Ten participants (aged 40.8 ± 7.0 years; HbA1c of 7.3 ± 0.8%) participated. The use of the MCL in both closed-loop arms decreased the time spent <70 mg/dL of sensor glucose (0.0%, [0.0-16.8] and 0.0%, [0.0-19.2] vs 16.2%, [0.0-26.0], (%, [percentile 10-90]) CLNA and CLA vs OL respectively; P = 0.047, P = 0.063) and the number of hypoglycemic events when compared with OL (CLNA 4 and CLA 3 vs OL 8; P = 0.218, P = 0.250). The use of the MCL system increased the proportion of time within 70 to 180 mg/dL (87.8%, [51.1-100] and 91.9%, [58.7-100] vs 81.1%, [65.4-87.0], (%, [percentile 10-90]) CLNA and CLA vs OL respectively; P = 0.227, P = 0.039). This was achieved with the administration of similar doses of insulin and a reduced amount of carbohydrates. Conclusions The MCL with automatic carbohydrate recommendation performed well and was safe during and after both unannounced and announced exercise, maintaining glucose mostly within the target range and reducing the risk of hypoglycemia despite a reduced amount of carbohydrate intake. Register Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03577158
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Fyles, J. M., M. A. Cawthorne, and S. L. Howell. "The determination of alpha-adrenergic receptor concentration on rat pancreatic islet cells." Bioscience Reports 7, no. 1 (1987): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01122723.

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The selective a2 adrenergic antagonist yohimbine has been shown to prevent the noradrenaline induced inhibition of insulin secretion from isolated rat islets of Langerhans, Binding studies utilizing [3H]yohimbine showed specific binding to dispersed rat islet cells with a Kd of 2.9 nM and receptor concentration of 645 fmols/mg protein. The use of chloroquine to inhibit receptor recycling did not affect binding of the ligand. Binding studies and secretion data are consistent with the suggestion that adrenergic receptors of the α2 sub-type may play a dominant role in the regulation of insulin secretion.
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Burgess, James W., A. Paul Bevan, John J. M. Bergeron, and Barry I. Posner. "Pharmacological doses of insulin equalize insulin receptor phosphotyrosine content but not tyrosine kinase activity in plasmalemmal and endosomal membranes." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 70, no. 10-11 (1992): 1151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o92-161.

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Following insulin administration to intact rats, the insulin receptor kinase activity of subsequently isolated cell fractions was significantly augmented. Of interest was the observation that the endosomal insulin receptor tyrosine kinase displayed four- to six-fold greater autophosphorylation activity than that of plasma membrane. Surprisingly, the endosomal insulin receptor tyrosine kinase displayed a decrease in β-subunit phosphotyrosine content compared with that seen in the plasma membrane. These observations prompted the suggestion that insulin receptor tyrosine kinase phosphotyrosine dephosphorylation mediated by an endosome-specific phosphotyrosine phosphatase(s) yields activation of the endosomal insulin receptor tyrosine kinase. In a previous study we examined the effect of subsaturating doses of injected insulin. In this work we evaluated insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity and phosphotyrosine content in plasma membrane and endosomes after a receptor-saturating pharmacological dose of insulin (150 μg/100 g body weight). At this dose the phosphotyrosine content per receptor was reduced compared with that seen earlier at insulin doses of 1.5 and 15 μg/100 g body weight. Endosomal insulin receptor tyrosine kinase was greater than that seen at the lower nonsaturating insulin doses. Furthermore, endosomal insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity exceeded that of the plasma membrane, despite retaining about the same phosphotyrosine content per receptor. These data are consistent with the view that insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity may be regulated by a particular pattern of phosphotyrosine content on the β-subunit wherein both activating and inhibitory phosphotyrosine residues play a role.Key words: insulin receptor tyrosine kinase, autophosphorylation, endosomes, plasma membrane, phosphotyrosine phosphatases.
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Moscardó, Vanessa, José Luis Díez, and Jorge Bondia. "Parallel Control of an Artificial Pancreas with Coordinated Insulin, Glucagon, and Rescue Carbohydrate Control Actions." Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology 13, no. 6 (2019): 1026–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1932296819879093.

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Background: An artificial pancreas with insulin and glucagon delivery has the potential to reduce the risk of hypo- and hyperglycemia in people with type 1 diabetes. However, a maximum dose of glucagon of 1 mg/d is recommended, potentially still requiring rescue carbohydrates in some situations. This work presents a parallel control structure with intrinsic insulin, glucagon, and rescue carbohydrates coordination to overcome glucagon limitations when needed. Methods: The coordinated controller that combines insulin, glucagon, and rescue carbohydrate suggestions (DH-CC-CHO) was compared with the insulin and glucagon delivery coordinated controller (DH-CC). The impact of carbohydrate quantization for practical delivery was also assessed. An in silico study using the UVA-Padova simulator, extended to include exercise and various sources of variability, was performed. Results: DH-CC and DH-CC-CHO performed similarly with regard to mean glucose (126.25 [123.43; 130.73] vs 127.92 [123.99; 132.97] mg/dL, P = .088), time in range (93.04 [90.00; 95.92] vs 92.91 [90.05; 95.75]%, P = .508), time above 180 mg/dL (4.94 [2.72; 7.53] vs 4.99 [2.93; 7.24]%, P = .966), time below 70 mg/dL (0.61 [0.09; 1.75] vs 0.96 [0.23; 2.17]%, P = .1364), insulin delivery (43.50 [38.68; 51.75] vs 42.86 [38.58; 51.36] U/d, P = .383), and glucagon delivery (0.75 [0.40; 1.83] vs 0.76 [0.43; 0.99] mg/d, P = .407). Time below 54 mg/dL was different (0.00 [0.00; 0.05] vs 0.00 [0.00; 0.16]%, P = .036), although non-clinically significant. This was due to the carbs quantization effect in a specific patient, as no statistical difference was found when carbs were not quantized (0.00 [0.00; 0.05] vs 0.00 [0.00; 0.00]%, P = .265). Conclusions: The new strategy of automatic rescue carbohydrates suggestion in coordination with insulin and glucagon delivery to overcome constraints on daily glucagon delivery was successfully evaluated in an in silico proof of concept.
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Rossello, Xavier, João Pedro Ferreira, John JV McMurray, et al. "Editor’s Choice- Impact of insulin-treated diabetes on cardiovascular outcomes following high-risk myocardial infarction." European Heart Journal: Acute Cardiovascular Care 8, no. 3 (2018): 231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2048872618803701.

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Background: Diabetes is associated with poor cardiovascular outcomes, and insulin-treated patients usually have a worse prognosis than non-insulin-treated subjects. The relationship between insulin treatment and outcomes in high-risk myocardial infarction patients has not been described in a large dataset. Methods: To investigate the association between insulin-treated diabetes and long-term cardiovascular outcomes in patients with high-risk myocardial infarction, we used adjusted Cox models to compare cardiovascular mortality and hospitalisation among 28,771 patients grouped by diabetes status and insulin treatment from four randomised clinical trials (VALIANT, EPHESUS, OPTIMAAL, CAPRICORN) of acute myocardial infarction complicated by heart failure and/or left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Results: After an approximately 2-year follow-up, patients with no diabetes (21,386 subjects, 74.3%), non-insulin-treated diabetes (4977 patients, 17.3%) and insulin-treated diabetes (2409 subjects, 8.4%) had an incremental yearly mortality risk (15.8%, 21.3% and 28.1%, respectively). Insulin-treated diabetes patients presented with a higher cardiovascular burden and comorbidities. After adjustment for 18 baseline covariates, patients with non-insulin-treated and insulin-treated diabetes were at higher risk of cardiovascular death (hazard ratio (HR) 1.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13–1.38 and HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.31–1.69, respectively; P for comparison of non-insulin-treated vs. insulin-treated diabetes =0.016) and cardiovascular hospitalisation (HR 1.33, 95% CI 1.25–1.41 and HR 1.16, 95% CI 1.11–1.22, respectively) compared to patients without diabetes. These results remained consistent after further adjustment for medications and left ventricular ejection fraction. Conclusions: Insulin-treated diabetes patients had higher event rates than diabetes patients taking oral treatments and patients without diabetes. However, insulin-treated diabetes patients had more comorbidities and atherosclerotic disease, precluding any causality suggestion between insulin treatment and outcomes. This high-risk population may require specific and/or more intense cardiovascular protective therapies.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Insulin suggestion"

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Pelzer, Ruaan. "A new approach to improving the control of type 1 diabetes / Ruaan Pelzer." Phd thesis, North-West University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4167.

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Blood glucose management in Type 1 diabetes is crucial in preventing several diabetic complications. Blood glucose management is a complex task requiring diabetics too carefully administer the correct dosages of insulin by taking their blood glucose levels, food consumption, exercise, stress, illnesses and several other factors into account. Improved bolus calculation greatly aids in controlling blood glucose levels within a tight range. This study investigates how the ets-concept (Equivalent Teaspoons Sugar-concept) can be used to develop products to calculate insulin boluses. A cellular phone based software application was developed to calculate insulin boluses using the ets-concept. This product was tested in a clinical trial. A blood glucose characterization procedure was also developed to characterize the blood glucose response of a Type 1 diabetic to carbohydrate ingestion and insulin administration. The characterization procedure was used during the clinical trial to characterize patients in order to customize the bolus calculation products for the specific diabetic user.<br>Thesis (Ph.D. (Mechanical Engineering)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006
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Books on the topic "Insulin suggestion"

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Levy, David. Type 1 Diabetes. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198766452.001.0001.

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Type 1 Diabetes (2011) has been completely updated for the 2nd edition. The background is introduced with a review of aetiology, classification, and presentation in young people and adults. The major longitudinal studies (DCCT/EDIC, Pittsburgh, and FinnDiane) are discussed and their importance in defining the long-term outcomes of Type 1 diabetes in the modern era emphasized. Treatment is covered with a focused discussion of advanced management of diabetic ketoacidosis and insulin treatment (multiple-dose insulin and insulin pumps). A new chapter on technology covers continuous glucose monitoring, a practical update on the artificial pancreas project, and pancreas transplantation. The natural history of microvascular and macrovascular complications and their management are extensively covered. Type 1 diabetes in adolescents and emerging adults is given a separate chapter, and there is a new chapter on pre-conception care and education. New material on the psychological and psychosocial aspects of diabetes is presented. It is fully referenced with PubMed reference numbers and free-text PMID references, and each chapter contains suggestions for focused further reading.
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Gutiérrez, Orlando M. Fibroblast growth factor 23, Klotho, and phosphorus metabolism in chronic kidney disease. Edited by David J. Goldsmith. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0119.

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Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and Klotho have emerged as major hormonal regulators of phosphorus (P) and vitamin D metabolism. FGF23 is secreted by bone cells and acts in the kidneys to increase urinary P excretion and inhibit the synthesis of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) and in the parathyroid glands to inhibit the synthesis and secretion of parathyroid hormone. Phosphorus excess stimulates FGF23 secretion, likely as an appropriate physiological adaptation to maintain normal P homeostasis by enhancing urinary P excretion and diminishing intestinal P absorption via lower 1,25(OH)2D. The FGF23 concentrations are elevated early in the course of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and may be a primary initiating factor for the development of secondary hyperparathyroidism in this setting. Klotho exists in two forms: a transmembrane form and a secreted form, each with distinct functions. The transmembrane form acts as the key co-factor needed for FGF23 to bind to and activate its cognate receptor in the kidneys and the parathyroid glands. The secreted form of Klotho has FGF23-independent effects on renal P and calcium handling, insulin sensitivity, and endothelial function. Disturbances in the expression of Klotho may play a role in the development of altered bone and mineral metabolism in early CKD. In addition, abnormal circulating concentrations of both FGF23 and Klotho have been linked to excess cardiovascular disease, suggesting that both play an important role in maintaining cardiovascular health.
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Xu, Kui, Joseph C. LaManna, and Michelle A. Puchowicz. Ketogenic Diet, Aging, and Neurodegeneration. Edited by Detlev Boison. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190497996.003.0024.

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The brain is normally completely dependent on glucose, but is capable of using ketones as an alternate energy source, as occurs with prolonged starvation or chronic feeding of a ketogenic diet. Research has shown that ketosis is neuroprotective against ischemic insults in rodents. This review focuses on investigating the mechanistic links to neuroprotection by ketosis in the aged. Recovery from stroke and other pathophysiological conditions in the aged is challenging. Cerebral metabolic rate for glucose, cerebral blood flow, and the defenses against oxidative stress are known to decline with age, suggesting dysfunction of the neurovascular unit. One mechanism of neuroprotection by ketosis involves succinate-induced stabilization of hypoxic inducible factor-1alpha (HIF1α‎) and its downstream effects on intermediary metabolism. The chapter hypothesizes that ketone bodies play a role in the restoration of energy balance (stabilization of ATP supply) and act as signaling molecules through the up-regulation of salvation pathways targeted by HIF1α‎.
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Book chapters on the topic "Insulin suggestion"

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Hamilton, Gordon A. "Peroxisomal Oxidases and Suggestions for the Mechanism of Action of Insulin and Other Hormones." In Advances in Enzymology - and Related Areas of Molecular Biology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470123034.ch2.

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Zhao, Xiaochun, Claudio Cavallo, Evgenii Belykh, and Peter Nakaji. "Large Temporal/Insular Cavernous Malformation Presenting with Headaches." In Cerebrovascular Neurosurgery. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190887728.003.0027.

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Abstract: Cerebral cavernous malformations are often asymptomatic; however, acute symptoms may occur, suggesting a hemorrhagic episode. Surgical resection should be considered as the mainstay therapy among other treatment options when there is a symptomatic presentation. Particularly for those presenting without seizure, the decision to operate relies on a surgical approach that has acceptably low morbidity. Both the trans-temporal approach and the trans-sylvian trans-insular approach can be used for intra-axial lesions in the temporal–insular region. The trans-sylvian approach has been suggested to provide a short and straight trajectory to the surgical target and has been associated with a better postoperative outcome.
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Johnson, Natasha N., and Thaddeus L. Johnson. "Microaggressions." In Navigating Micro-Aggressions Toward Women in Higher Education. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5942-9.ch001.

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Microaggressions are brief and commonplace daily verbal, behavioral, or environmental indignities, whether intentional or unintentional, that communicate hostile, derogatory, or negative slights and insults toward people who are not classified within the “normative” standard. Perpetrators of microaggressions are often unaware that they engage in such communications when they interact with people who differ from themselves. This review of microaggressions in its numerous forms seeks to address the current literature regarding aversive behavior and its impacts; this includes investigating the manifestation and influence of everyday “isms,” on the quality of life of those on the receiving end of these acts. Ensuing suggestions regarding institutional-level education, training, and research—particularly in the higher educational realm—in the work towards reducing microaggression-inducing behaviors are discussed.
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Dierssen, Mara, and Salvador Martínez. "Neuropathology and Synaptic Alterations in Neurodevelopmental Disorders." In Neurobiology of Mental Illness, edited by Joseph D. Buxbaum. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199934959.003.0074.

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Neurodevelopmental disorders include a myriad of conditions, in which symptomatic presentation and disease onset is identifiable in early postnatal years, prior to full brain maturation. Both genetic and environmental insults can lead to neurodevelopmental disorders, which result from anatomical and physiological abnormalities during the development and maturation of brain circuits. Mental disorders become symptomatic in childhood or adolescence and are affected by early environmental conditions that may interact with genetic risk factors. Neurodevelopmental disorders share a number of similarities in terms of common genetic risks, co-occurrence of neurodevelopmental symptom domains, cognitive processing deficits, early onset and chronic course. Schizophrenia, autism and intellectual disabilities, for example, are spectrums of diseases with broad sets of causes that have overlapping phenotypes and genetics, which is suggestive of common deficits.
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Ling, Roger, and Lesley Ling. "I. 10. 8." In The Insula of the Menander at Pompeii. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199266951.003.0012.

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Apart from a First Style Pavement and traces of First Style wall-decorations in the front part of the house, the only decorations attested in house 8 are two of the Third Stylewhich were evidently about to be replaced and two of the Fourth Style (one of which is now largely lost). The bulk of the rooms contain, at best, plain mortar pavements and plain wall-plaster. There are remains of First Style wall-decorations beneath later plain plaster in the fauces and room 2, while Elia refers to a yellow socle in the same style on the south wall of the atrium (see Vol. I, p. 186). None of the surviving fragments (which include part of a stucco cornice in room 2) is sufficient to provide any real notion of the decorative syntax. The only pavement that is likely to belong to the First Style phase is that of room 2, which consisted of patterns of white tesserae set in cocciopesto: a lozenge grid along the threshold and a central mat of meander (swastikas alternating with squares) surrounded by a semis of single tesserae. All these elements are typical of the First Style (the meander mat and semis surround can be paralleled in the First Style rooms buried under room 18 in the Casa del Menandro: see pp. 6–7 and Fig. 64). The lozenge and meander patterns, known from Elia’s description, have now perished, along with the bulk of the pavement, but fragments of the semis survive on the west side and reveal that the size of the tesserae (mostly from 5 mm. to 1 cm. across) and their spacing (5 cm.) conform with measurements found in other examples of this type of pavement ascribed to the time of the First Style. One interesting detail is that, in addition to the inset tesserae, the surface of this pavement shows traces of a coat of red paint. Assuming that the pavement goes back to the First Style, we can here accept Pernice’s suggestion that such colour-enhancement represents a later intervention designed to improve the appearance of pavements that had become worn.
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Mendel Nzogang, Patrice, and Martial Boris Donkeng. "Neuroprotection: The Way of Anti-Inflammatory Agents." In Neuroprotection - New Approaches and Prospects. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90509.

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Neurons are basic structural and functional units of the nervous system with major function being that of integration and interpretation of neuronal input or information. The lifespan of a nerve cell generally last throughout the individual lifetime. However, some physiologic or pathologic processes may affect the neuron causing premature death of this cell or tissue. This premature neurological death caused by pathologic circumstances is what we call neurotoxicity. The biochemical mechanisms put forward to explain neurotoxicity are not fully known. Nonetheless, whatever the mechanism involved, the outcome usually results in apoptosis, pyropoptosis, or necrosis. Examples of these mechanisms include excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, glial cell destruction, vascular interruptions, and inflammation. The idea about possibly protecting neurons against insults using pharmacologic means leads to the birth of the neuroprotection concept. This new concept has emerged based on ongoing research, suggesting it is possible through physical and pharmacological means to prevent or avoid neurotoxicity by the abovementioned mechanisms but with the exception of vascular interruption mechanisms. We will present in this chapter a synoptic view of the inflammatory mechanisms implicated in neurotoxicity and bring out the possible implications in neuroprotection.
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Hinck, A. P., and W. F. Walkenhorst. "NMR and Mutagenesis Investigations of a Model Cis: Trans Peptide tsomerization Reaction: Xaa116-Pro117of Staphylococcal Nuclease and its Role in Protein Stability and Folding." In Biological NMR Spectroscopy. Oxford University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195094688.003.0016.

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The slow rates of peptide bond isomerization in imino acids and the substantial population of the cis peptide bond isomer in Xaa-Pro linkages in peptides were first recognized in NMR studies of proline-containing model compounds (Maia et al., 1971). The important role of this isomerization in protein stability and folding (reviewed by Kim and Baldwin, 1982, 1990; Schmid, 1993) were recognized several years later (Brandts et al., 1975) and the biological relevance of this process was substantiated by the discovery of a ubiquitous enzyme that catalyzes Xaa-Pro peptide bond isomerization (Fischer et al., 1984, 1989; Takahashi et al., 1989). The strict evolutionary conservation of some prolyl residues and the observation that the kinetics of interconversion between alternative functional forms of some systems is consistent with the time scale of proline isomerization suggest that proline isomerization may play a wide role in protein structure and function. Suggestive examples include the sodium pump of Escherichia coli, the disulfide isomerase/thioredoxin class of enzymes, concanavalin A, and bovine prothrornbin fragment I (Brown et al., 1977; Marsh et al, 1979; Dunker, 1982; Brandland Deber, 1986; Langsetmo et al, 1989). NMR spectroscopy is one of the most suitable tools for studying this isomerization reaction. The rates generally are slow on the time scale of NMR chemical shifts but, in favorable cases, are comparable to longitudinal relaxation rates so that the isomerization process can be investigated by chemical exchange spectroscopy. NMR data obtained on calbindin D9k (Chazin et al., 1989), insulin (Higgins et al., 1988), and staphylococcal nuclease (nuclease) as discussed below have shown that each exists in solution under native conditions as a mixture of slowly exchanging conformers. The fact that dynamic molecular heterogeneity in nuclease was first observed in the laboratory of Oleg Jardetzky, as manifested by splitting of the histidyl 1H ε1 resonance from His46 in one-dimensional 1H NMR spectra recorded at 100 MHz (Markley et al., 1970), makes this topic particularly appropriate to a volume celebrating his scientific contributions.
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"multiple donors. Three women had normal pregnancies and deliveries at term. Several groups have replicated this work with spouse leukocytes and successful deliveries result in more than 50% of the women treated. Crohn's Disease Crohn's disease is an inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract which presents with diarrhea and crampy abdominal pain. Recurrence of disease following surgery is common -nearly half of the patients will develop symptoms of recurrence within ten years of surgical resection of all diseased bowel. Immune function is abnormal and patients are often treated with immunosuppressive steroids. Transfused patients have significantly decreased total lymphocyte and t-cell counts following surgery despite being clinically well. Increasing numbers of units of blood received are associated with progressively lower numbers of lymphocytes at follow-up. Several groups have studied the effect of blood transfusion on the outcome Crohn's disease because the immunosuppressive effects of transfusion might benefit patients in the same way steroids affect the course to the disease. Most of the studies observed that untransfused patients exhibited higher rates of recurrence than transfused patients (37-40). The studies suggest that transfusion may influence the course of diseases which are thought to have an immune or autoimmune basis and clinically respond to steroids. Crohn's disease patients with more severe disease, those with lower hemoglobins and serum albumins, undergoing resection of more bowel, should have higher recurrence rates. Yet, these patients when transfused have recurrence rates comparable to untransfused patients with higher hemoglobins and albumins and less bowel resected. Wound Healing It has recently been recognized that lymphocytes contribute to wound healing which is primarily mediated by macrophages. Lymphocytes secrete lymphokines which enhance fibroblast replication, migration and collagen synthesis. In vivo depletion of lymphocytes impairs skin wound healing. Since transfusions inhibit lymphocyte function, transfusion-induced inhibition of lymphocyte function should lead to impaired wound healing (41). Rats undergoing ileocolic resection with primary anastomosis and transfusion with saline, syngeneic or allogeneic blood were sacrificed three and seven days following surgery and the bursting pressure of the anastomosis measured. Bursting pressure was significantly lower following transfusion with syngeneic or allogeneic blood in comparison to saline. Hydroxyproline content of the anastomoses was reduced and anastomotic abscesses were common in the transfused animals. This study clearly implicates blood transfusion in impaired wound healing. D iabetes In man, insulin dependent diabetes mellitus is associated with decreases in both the number and functional activity of suppresser T lymphocytes. In the Bio-Breeding rat, diabetes develops when the animals develop pancreatic insulitis, suggesting a cell-mediated immune pathogenesis. Diabetes is prevented in these animals by treating them with immunosuppressive agents such as anti-lymphocyte serum, steroids, cyclosporin, irradiation, neonatal thymectomy, or blood transfusion (42)." In Transfusion Immunology and Medicine. CRC Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482273441-28.

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Conference papers on the topic "Insulin suggestion"

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Jyothi, V. L., and S. Ashok Senthil Kumar. "User history based insulin suggestion system using mobile application." In 2017 Third International Conference on Science Technology Engineering & Management (ICONSTEM). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iconstem.2017.8261261.

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Jaam, M., A. Awaisu, M. Abdul Hadi, MI Mohamed Izham, and N. Kheir. "5PSQ-003 A qualitative analysis of barriers to medication adherence in uncontrolled diabetes – focus on insulin and suggestions for practice improvements." In 24th EAHP Congress, 27th–29th March 2019, Barcelona, Spain. British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2019-eahpconf.436.

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Metaxa, Eleni, Markus Tremmel, Jianping Xiang, et al. "High Wall Shear Stress and Positive Wall Shear Stress Gradient Trigger the Initiation of Intracranial Aneurysms." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206395.

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Abstract:
While the pathogenesis of an intracranial aneurysm (IA) is poorly understood, it has been generally postulated to be related to hemodynamic insult. IAs are predominantly located at apices of arterial bifurcations or outer curves on or near the Circle of Willis, suggesting a potential role of the specific hemodynamics at such locations characterized by high wall shear stress (WSS). Clinically, new IA formation has been observed following local flow increase.
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Asad, Muhammad, Usman Qamar, Aimal Khan, and Rahmat Ullah Safdar. "A Systematic Literature Review of Continuous Blood Glucose Monitoring and Suggesting the Quantity of Insulin or Artificial Pancreas (AP) for Diabetic Type 1 Patients." In the 2019 11th International Conference. ACM Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3318299.3318352.

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