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Journal articles on the topic 'Insurance Commission'
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1
Liu, Chi-Chun, and Yi-Ping Liao. "Insurance Acquisition Costs: Capitalizing Versus Expensing." Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance 35, no. 3 (May 15, 2018): 558–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0148558x18773841.
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This article examines whether the capitalization–amortization or the direct-expensing method for insurance acquisition costs and commissions better reflects the economic substance. We find that both the currently capitalized–amortized acquisition costs and the as-if asset balance of expensed commissions are positively associated with the market value of equity, and are closely related to the level and volatility of subsequent insurance premiums. Results also show that when explaining the market value of equity, the insurance commission is significantly negative if capitalized and amortized, but is insignificant if directly expensed. The authors are the first to examine how the insurance acquisition costs and commissions are related to subsequent economic benefits, and our results are consistent with IFRS 17 under which the acquisition costs shall not be immediately expensed.
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Tsyganov, Alexander A., and Sergey V. Maslennikov. "INSURANCE REGULATION PECULIARITIES IN THE BANK INSURANCE PRACTICE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION." Banking law 6 (December 10, 2020): 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1812-3945-2020-6-44-57.
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In the Russian Federation, bancassurance has already become a relatively common type of interactions between banks and their customers in selling insurance, with banks being the main channels for distributing insurance services in exchange for commission. Borrowers are known to be the weaker side of a contract, which leads to banks impose insurance services and commission, which the banks may capitalize on. This indicates a significant issue for the local antitrust and banking regulations. The article describes the expertise in managing these activities in the member countries of the European Union and provides recommendations for a possible legal regulation of insurance and banking activities in Russia.
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VILLIERS, J. U., and R. W. VIVIAN. "Insurance by Large Corporations: The Melamet Commission." South African Journal of Economics 59, no. 4 (December 1991): 241–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1813-6982.1991.tb01320.x.
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Newman, Karl, and Mads Andenas. "IV. Insurance and Banking." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 45, no. 1 (January 1996): 230–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589300058772.
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There are still unresolved conflicts at the final stage of the completion of the internal financial market.1 Member State actions have been brought against the European Parliament and Council Directive on Deposit Guarantee Schemes2 and against the Commission Communication on an Internal Market for Pension Funds.1
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Morán Arias, Manuel Israel. "Derecho de la competencia y mercado de seguros: un año sin reglamentos de exención." Revista de Derecho de la UNED (RDUNED), no. 23 (March 14, 2019): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/rduned.23.2018.24034.
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En marzo de 2017 expiró la vigencia del Reglamento267/2010 de la Comisión, de 24 de marzo de 2010 relativo a la aplicacióndel artículo 101, apartado 3, del Tratado de Funcionamientode la Unión Europea a determinadas categorías de acuerdos, decisionesy prácticas concertadas en el sector de los seguros. La Comisiónacordó observar el impacto de la caducidad del reglamento durantelos 12 meses posteriores para decidir sobre el futuro del sector asegurador.El presente trabajo analiza la regulación especial que duranteaños ha tenido el sector asegurador con los reglamentos de exenciónpor categorías y los motivos que llevaron a la Comisión a no plantearsesu renovación un año después de la caducidad del último.In March 2017 the validity of the Commission Regulation(EU) No 267/2010 of 24 March 2010 on the application of Article101(3) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Unionto certain categories of agreements, decisions and concerted practicesin the insurance sector expired. The Commission agreed to observethe impact of the expiration of the Regulation during the following12 months to decide on the future of the insurance sector.The present paper has analyzed the special regulation the insurancesector has had during years with the commissions regulations andthe reasons that have led the Commission not to propose its renewalone year after its expiration.
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Latorre Guillem, Miguel Angel. "The Customer Orientation Service of Spanish Brokers in the Insurance Industry: The Advisory Service of the Insurance Distribution Channel Bancassurance." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (April 8, 2020): 2970. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072970.
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This research focuses on the customer orientation of insurance brokers, whose activity is regulated by the Law on the mediation of private insurances and reinsurances. The goal is to ascertain whether the intermediation inherent in the insurance broker’s activity, which implies a customer-oriented service, entails a positive behaviour that transcends the immediate environment, reaching society. This study presents a comparative analysis between the insurance brokerage society, characterised by a personalised customer service, and banks’ advisory services on insurance. To this end, the study uses a sample of insurance brokerage firms in Spain. The results presented in this study suggest that the customer values the advisory service provided by the broker. However, for a particular business segment in standardized insurance products and products related to banking assets, customers are more likely to resort to the bank’s services. In addition, the results indicate that the commission percentages applied by the entities operating in the banking insurance channel exceed those perceived by the insurance broker. With all this, intermediation in the development of the insurer’s activity can entail social behaviour that involves customer-orientation and, possibly, social service and environmental performance.
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Zeng, Qi, and Long Ling Wang. "Analysis on the Acquisition between Ping an Insurance Company of China, Ltd and Shenzhen Development Bank Limited Company." Advanced Materials Research 219-220 (March 2011): 1403–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.219-220.1403.
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June 12, 2009, Ping An Insurance (Group) Company of China, Ltd published announcement that it would adopt " directional addition + agree on transfering " to acquire Shenzhen Development Bank. The news came out, all walks of life proclaimed comments in droves, which account for the majority, so far the transaction has been gained first certainty from the China Insurance Regulatory Commission, Department of Commerce, China's Bank Regulatory Commission, China's Securities Regulatory Commission and other departments. This paper attempts to review the process of this incident, briefly analyze of the advantages and disadvantages after its acquisition, discuss the guided significance to mixed operation of China's financial industry.
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Meggitt, Gary. "Insurable interest – the doctrine that would not die." Legal Studies 35, no. 2 (June 2015): 280–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/lest.12059.
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The doctrine of insurable interest grew out of eighteenth-century anxieties over fraudulent seafarers and habitual gamblers. It was created by the courts, entrenched by statute and remains in place to this day despite the fact that it serves no practical or legal purpose. It was hoped by many that, when the English Law Commission and Scottish Law Commission established their joint review of insurance contract law in 2006, the doctrine would be consigned to the proverbial dustbin of history. Eight years later, these hopes have been dashed. The doctrine is here to stay. This paper asks ‘Why’ and finds the answer to be elusive.
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Bao, Ng Jia, Rohaizan Ramlan, Fazeeda Mohamad, and Azlina Md Yassin. "Performance of Malaysian Insurance Companies Using Data Envelopment Analysis." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 11, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 1147. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v11.i3.pp1147-1151.
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The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of the local insurance in Malaysia for the period 2014-2015. The major challenge in the insurance industry is increasing competition in this market. Besides that, problematic in performance measurement to evaluate performance is another challenge in insurance industry. 24 local insurance companies involved in this study using quantitative method of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) output-orientation CCR model. This study utilizes three inputs and three outputs; operating expenses, equity capital and commission as well as net premium, net investment income, and net incurred claim. The secondary data sources were derived from official data of local insurance companies’ annual report respectively. The DEA-Solver-LV version 8 tools were used to analyze the data that have been collected to evaluate the performance of local insurance company. This DEA model allows integration of the performance for the insurance companies and provides management overall performance evaluation. The results showed that there are 8 efficient companies in 2014 and 9 efficient companies in 2015. The average efficiency score in 2014 was increased from 78.9% to 79.1% in 2015. The findings from this study will benefit the insurance associations in Malaysia, management of insurances companies and policy makers.
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Marzai Abliz, Elda. "The impact of lending on bancassurance activity." Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence 13, no. 1 (May 1, 2019): 171–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/picbe-2019-0016.
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Abstract Due to financial crisis, and especially because of prudence in lending (retail, micro, and corporate), banks are looking for new sources of income, and bancasurance is clearly a potential source of revenue. Thus, in the financial market, the interests of two major components of it are met: banks maximize commission income, and insurers make access to the large customer base of banks. Bancassurance is a distribution channel of insurance products through bank branches, bringing important advantages for banks, insurance companies and customers. The main advantage for the bank is that earns fee amount from the insurance company, the insurance company increases customers data base and market share, the client satisfy his financial needs and requests in the same institution. Considering that in Romania, banks and insurers do not provide information on the number of insurances sold via the bancassurance distribution channel, as well as commissions obtained by banks for the insurance sale, to determine the development of bancassurance in Romania, we used the statistical data provided by the National Bank of Romania, on credit growth and data provided by The Financial Supervision Association, on the evolution of gross written premiums. Bancassurance is one of the most important insurance distribution channels, accounting for approximately 36% of the global insurance market, in 2016, Europe’s insurers generated total premium income of €1 189bn and had €10 112bn invested in the economy. Regarding to the risks of bancassurance business for banks and insurers, they mainly concern distinct capital requirements for the banking and insurance systems, which will be covered by the Basel III and Solvency II directives. This paper aims to analyze the influence of credit on the bancassurance activity in the last 5 years in Romania, the economic, political and legal factors that have a negative impact on the development of bancassurance, and also the calculating the correlation coefficient r (Pearson’s coefficient) and his result.
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BILA, Daryna. "APPROACHES TO IDENTIFYING INSURANCE GROUPS." WORLD OF FINANCE, no. 1(50) (2017): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/sf2017.01.042.
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Introduction. The insurance group existence in the market and risks that are associated with insurance groups’ activities are led to the urgency of scientific research and determining the approaches to identify the insurance groups in Ukraine. Purpose. To study the international experience and national practice of the insurance groups identification and the insurance groups’ impact estimation on the insurance market. Results. The article analyzes the foreign practice of the insurance groups identification, the background of the IAIS emphasize the concept of “international insurance group” and the list of the insurance group identification criteria. The author examined the financial group creation ap-proaches: permissive, mixed, separate; and the insurance group identity indicators in Ukraine that are adopted by the National Commission for the Financial Service Markets Regulation of Ukraine. Author revealed the presence of insurance groups in the domestic insurance market that are controlled by international financial conglomerates; analyzed the insurance groups’ activity in Ukrainian market and studied their composition. The article contains the list of the insurance group performance indicators that are provided by the regulator; discloses the approach drawbacks that is developed by the National Commission for the Financial Service Markets Regulation for classifying companies as non-bank financial groups. Conclusion. The author formed the proposals that are aimed at improving transparency in the insurance market of Ukraine, such as: publication of information about the implementation of non-bank financial group of the regulatory requirements for regulatory capital adequacy. The article illuminates the financial performance indicators information of non-bank financial groups.
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AMANI, ZATA ATIKAH, and Puji Sucia Sukmaningrum. "KINERJA KEUANGAN PADA PERUSAHAAN ASURANSI SYARIAH DI INDONESIA DAN PERUSAHAAN ASURANSI SYARIAH DI MALAYSIA PERIODE 2013-2015." Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Teori dan Terapan 5, no. 8 (June 18, 2019): 645. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/vol5iss20188pp645-663.
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The purpose of this research is to determine the differences in financial performance of Islamic insurance in Indonesia and Islamic insurance in Malaysia during the period of 2013-2015. This research method uses quantitative methods, and using sample of three Islamic insurance companies in Indonesia and eight Islamic insurance companies in Malaysia. Subsequently, do different test by using Mann-Whitney Test and Independent Sample T-Test. Assessment of financial performance is measured by the ratio of change of surplus ratio,underwriting ratio, incurred loss ratio, commission ratio, management ratio, premium growth ratio, and retention ratio. The data used is secondary data which is being collected of annual financial report from 2013-2015. The comparison shows that there’s significant difference in, underwriting ratio, andthere are no significant differences in surplus ratio, incurred loss ratio, commission ratio, management ratio, premium growth ratio, retention ratio.
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Olurotimi, Ogunwale, Ikpefan Ochei, Isibor Areghan, Achugamonu Uzoma, Folashade Owolabi, Osuma Godswill, and Adebayo Mercy. "Mergers, Acquisitions, and Corporate Financial Performance in the Financial Technology Inclined Quoted Insurance Companies in Nigeria." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS 18 (May 7, 2021): 838–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23207.2021.18.79.
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The research empirically examines effect of Mergers and Acquisitions on Corporate Financial success of Quoted Insurance Companies in Nigeria. It has become expedient in the face of the drastic increase in Mergers and Acquisitions activity in recent decades and the fact that there has been very little empirical evidence of positive wealth effects and particularly the success of M&A in the insurance sector. This has arisen because most studies in Nigeria have rather focused on the banking sector. Data was obtained from Quoted Insurance Companies from 2003 to 2016 and the Regression Techniques were employed in the study. The result indicated that there exists a positive effect of M&A on Corporate Financial Performance of Insurance Companies. It revealed that a unit increase in merger led to about 4% increase in the Corporate Financial Performance of the merged firms. In effect, a unit increase in Earnings after Merger actually led to about 8% increase in the Corporate Financial Performance of the same firms. The study hereby recommend that Insurance Companies should look at issues of Claims settlement, Product Development and Branding while the National Insurance Commission (NAICOM) should look into the education of insurable clients as well as appropriate polices that would drive Insurance penetration in Nigeria.
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Editor. "Notes on earthquake insurance in California and New Zealand." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 19, no. 4 (December 31, 1986): 251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.19.4.251-254.
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On the initiative of the Earthquake and War Damage Commission a team was organised to study the recovery from the earthquake which devastated Mexico City on 19 September 1985. Earthquake preparedness and underwriting in California was also researched. There were five members in the team and they were – Mr. Milton Allwood, Secretary of the Earthquake and War Damage Commission; Mr. Derek Scott, representing the Insurance Council of New Zealand; Mr. Ken Grieve, representing the Institute of Loss Adjusters of New Zealand (Inc); Mr. Edward Latter, National Director of Civil Defence; Mr. Don Currie, representing the Accident Compensation Corporation. The following extract on earthquake insurance is taken from one of the reports by the team.
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Lampard, Robert. "The Hoadley Commission (1932–34) and Health Insurance in Alberta." Canadian Bulletin of Medical History 26, no. 2 (October 2009): 429–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cbmh.26.2.429.
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Brajczewska, Marta, and Aleksander Raczyński. "Rules for Co-manufacturing and Governance of Insurance Products by an Insurance Undertaking and an Insurance Broker in the Light of Insurance Distribution Regulations." Prawo Asekuracyjne 1, no. 102 (March 15, 2020): 4–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.9063.
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The entry into force of the Directive (EU) of the European Parliament and of the Council on the distribution of insurance, the Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) supplementing Directive (EU) 2016/97 of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to product oversight and governance requirements for insurance undertakings and insurance distributors, as well as the Insurance Distribution Act of 15 December 2017 have created new opportunities for cooperation between insurance companies and brokers involving insurance products co-manufacturing and management. Such cooperation remains an exception to the principle of inadmissibility of brokers’ permanent contractual relationship with insurance undertakings, specified in Article 30 para. 1 point 2 of the Insurance Distribution Act. The article presents legal provisions relating to an insurance product manufacturing and governance and contracts regulating such cooperation. Its authors seek to answer a question whether it is necessary to maintain brokers’ independence from insurance undertakings in the course of an insurance product development and governance, and finally discuss the benefits and risks resulting from it.
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Gregory, Geoff. "Counting the cost." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 31, no. 4 (December 31, 1998): 288–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.31.4.288-292.
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The Wellington after the Quake conference, organised by the Earthquake Commission in Wellington in March 1995, sought to answer some of the questions faced by all concerned with the recovery and restoration phases of a major earthquake in a nationally significant city. The papers, which were by a range of international authorities, and the discussions were published later that year, and some copies of the volume are still available from the Earthquake Commission.
Then, in November 1996, the Earthquake Commission and the Insurance Council of New Zealand jointly sponsored a seminar on Natural Hazards: Finding, managing and sharing people and information, and a summary booklet was prepared as a record for those who attended and to inform those who were unable to attend.
This seminar, Counting the Cost: The economic effects of a major earthquake, was again sponsored jointly by the Earthquake Commission and the Insurance Council of New Zealand, with the intention of looking more closely at the economic effects of a major earthquake. It attracted about 200 participants, most coming from the insurance and banking industries, fund and risk managers, and economists in a range of organisations, although there were also representatives from emergency management and civil defence organisations, local and regional councils, and earthquake engineers.
This report on the information presented in the papers and discussions has been prepared to highlight the main conclusions and themes raised, for both the attendees and a wider audience who were unable to be present.
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McEwen, Alec C. "THE INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY COMMISSION CANADA–UNITED STATES." Canadian Surveyor 40, no. 3 (September 1986): 277–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcs-1986-0022.
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The International Boundary Commission (IBC) is a permanent organization established by bilateral treaty to maintain an effective land and water boundary between Canada and the United States. It exercises regulatory powers under treaty and statute relating to boundary vista protection and transboundary construction. There have been boundary anomalies and ambiguous boundary descriptions. The peaceful resolution of several boundary disputes and uncertainties by the Commission has contributed to the preservation of national sovereignty. Its activities can be likened to those of an insurance underwriter.
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Malloch, Hanna. "Building a Secure Fence and a Well-Functioning Ambulance Reforming New Zealand's Natural Disaster Insurance Scheme." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 52, no. 1 (June 27, 2021): 137–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v52i1.6848.
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This article proposes reform to New Zealand's natural disaster insurance scheme in anticipation of The New Zealand Treasury's (Treasury) 2021 review of the Earthquake Commission Act 1993. The Canterbury Earthquake Sequence of 2010–2011 revealed many shortcomings in New Zealand's dual-insurance model, outlined in the March 2020 Public Inquiry into the Earthquake Commission. Recent changes in the private insurance market have aggravated these problems, notably, increasing premiums and a move to sum-insured policies. This article explores the lesser known background to the unique EQC system and examines the fundamental reasons for this public system. It aims to establish the most effective natural disaster insurance scheme for New Zealand, holding that retaining the dual-model approach is preferable. However, fresh reforms are necessary. Five reforms are proposed: ensuring the scheme's universality; increasing the EQC cap; implementing differentiated pricing; incorporating incentives for mitigation; including a purpose statement within the Act. Implementing these reforms will best ensure the scheme meets the objective of allowing homeowners to build their secure fence at the top of the cliff, while still ensuring there is a well-functioning ambulance at the bottom.
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Editor. "Changes to disaster insurance in New Zealand." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 26, no. 4 (December 31, 1993): 437–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.26.4.437-444.
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This article is based on material supplied by EQC in its information kit detailing the background to and consequences of the Earthquake Act 1993. After discussing the need for a change in insuring for disasters, the new natural disaster insurance for residential properties - EQCover - is outlined. This is followed by an outline of the phase-out of EQC cover for disaster insurance for commercial and "Special Purpose" properties. The new structure for and role of the Earthquake Commission is also outlined.
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Goravica, Milica. "Suppression of unfair sales of insurance products under the Insurance Distribution Directive." Pravo i privreda 58, no. 3 (2020): 289–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/pip2003289g.
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One of the main reasons for the occurrence of the financial crisis in 2007 was certainly the sales procedure of insurance products, which, as it later turned out, were inadequate. The crisis was a signal to the European Commission that it is necessary to improve the consumer protection regarding insurance products and to improve the transparency of insurance distribution. It was necessary to provide equal protection to consumers of insurance products in the entire EU market, through the introduction of several innovations in the regulation of this sector and thus restore the confidence of consumers. In that sense, the Insurance Distribution Directive has set the suppression of unfair sales of insurance products as its most important goal. The author researched those key novelties of the Insurance Distribution Directive, which were adopted in order to prevent unfair sales of insurance products. The paper presents an analysis of new rules and aims to show how revolutionary new regulatory framework is and how much it will contribute to the fight against unfair sales of insurance products
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Robertson, Jane, Jayne L. Fryer, Dianne L. O'Connell, Anthony J. Smith, and David A. Henry. "Limitations of Health Insurance Commission (HIC) data for deriving prescribing indicators." Medical Journal of Australia 176, no. 9 (May 2002): 419–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2002.tb04483.x.
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Hemsworth, Margaret. "Inducement in Insurance Law: Sins of Commission and Sins of Omission." Cambridge Law Journal 58, no. 1 (March 1999): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197399001038.
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THIS article takes a fresh look at the test for inducement of the insurer where there can be said to have been non-disclosure of a material fact by the insured. Specifically, the article questions the assumption that the test for inducement of the actual insurer operates in precisely the same way as it does under the general law of contract in misrepresentation. The speeches of the majority of the House of Lords in Pan Atlantic v. Pine Top (1995) appear to make no distinction between the operation of these concepts. Yet two recent Court of Appeal decisions (Downs v. Chappell; Bristol and West Building Society v. Mothew – both reported in 1997) would seem to suggest that there is a distinction to be made. The conclusion reached in this article is that evidence of actual inducement of the insurer in the sense of evidence that he would have refused to take the risk or would have taken it only on other terms is necessary when the case is put on the basis of “pure” non-disclosure. Where, in contrast, the case is properly framed in misrepresentation the insurer need only show that he acted in reliance or was induced to act by the representations actually made.
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Van Hulle, K. "The Challenge of Solvency II. Lecture to the Faculty of Actuaries." British Actuarial Journal 14, no. 1 (March 1, 2008): 19–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357321700001616.
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INTRODUCTIONThe third Lecturer to the Faculty of Actuaries is Mr Karel Van Hulle. He is a lawyer by training, and is Head of Unit at the European Commission (Directorate-General ‘Internal Market and Services’), which he joined in 1984, after having served for eight years with the Belgian Banking Commission.He was subsequently Head of Unit for Accounting Standards, Head of Unit for Financial Reporting and Company Law and Head of Unit for Accounting and Auditing. In that capacity he was closely involved with harmonisation in the fields of accounting, auditing and company law, both at European Union level and internationally, and served as the Commission's observer with the International Accounting Standards Committee. He was Secretary of the High Level Group of Experts on Company Law, which prepared the Commission's 2003 Action Plan on Company Law.Since November 2004 he has been Head of the Insurance and Pensions Unit. In this function, his main responsibility is the preparation of the new solvency regime for insurance and reinsurance companies (Solvency II).
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Shetty, Ankitha, and Savitha Basri. "Assessing the Technical Efficiency of Traditional and Corporate Agents in Indian Life Insurance Industry: Slack-based Data Envelopment Analysis Approach." Global Business Review 21, no. 2 (January 4, 2018): 490–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972150917749722.
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The distribution channels play an imperative role in the life insurance industry. In India, traditional and corporate agency are contributing immensely to the profitability of the insurance companies. The challenges faced by the distributional channels such as high attrition, soaring expense ratio and sales inefficiency have created the need to probe into the efficiency aspects of the channel players. In the absence of such studies in India, this article evaluates the technical efficiency of distribution channels in life insurance industry by analysing the data collected from 12 insurance companies for the period 2012 to 2016. The efficiency scores were obtained by applying data envelopment analysis that considered two inputs (number of agents and commission expenses) and two outputs (average business premium and total policies sold). The findings reveal no significant difference in the efficiency scores of bancassurance and traditional agents. Quiet life hypothesis that market share (ratio of premium contribution to total premium) of distributional channels and their efficiency scores are negatively correlated is not supported. Moreover, the slack analysis shows excess inputs per output generated for both the channels. If the companies that scored low in efficiency do not plug the leakages regarding commission as well a number of agents, adverse performance in the long-term and consequent financial crisis are inevitable.
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Zahara, Neni, and Mulia Saputra. "ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN EFISIENSI PERUSAHAAN ASURANSI JIWA KONVENSIONAL DAN PERUSAHAAN ASURANSI JIWA SYARIAH DI INDONESIA DENGAN METODE DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS (DEA)." Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Ekonomi Akuntansi 5, no. 2 (July 27, 2020): 229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jimeka.v5i2.15558.
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The purpose of this study is to measure the efficiency of conventional and sharia life insurance companies in indonesia during the period 2012-2016 and to find out whether there are differences in efficiency between conventional and sharia life insurance companies. This research is a quantitative descriptive research using secondary data sourced from the company's annual financial statements. The samples used were 10 conventional life insurance companies and 10 sharia life insurance companies. Efficiency measurement in this study uses the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method based on CCR model with an value-added approach. The input variables used are assets, capital, general and administrative costs, and commission expenses. While the output variable is premium and investment income. The results of this study indicate that conventional life insurance companies have a better level of efficiency than sharia life insurance companies, but there is no significant efficiency difference between conventional life insurance companies and sharia life insurance companies during the 2012-2016 period.
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Thomas, Jeffrey E. "The Role and Powers of the Chinese Insurance Regulatory Commission in the Administration of Insurance Law in China." Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice 27, no. 3 (July 2002): 413–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0440.00182.
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Sasidharan, Soumya, Dr V. K. Ranjith, and Dr Sunitha Prabhuram. "The Role of the Insurance Industry to Promote Environmental Sustainability." 12th GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 12, no. 1 (October 8, 2021): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2021.12(20).
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In today's world concept sustainable development is the most important aspect of any organization. This paper aims to identify the contribution of the insurance industry and its role in promoting sustainability. The definition of "sustainable development means without compromising the need of the future the present need of the society must be fulfilled in a competitive business environment"(World Commission on environment and development,WCED,1987). Sustainable insurance is the new concept that emerges in the current state, that every country adopting now. The insurance industry plays a vital role in development of sustainable business through green products and services. This paper is focused on the secondary sources of data from research publications, websites, books, journals, and articles. Sustainable insurance is aimed primarily at developing innovative or green products and services, reducing risk, improving company efficiency, and supporting environmental, social, and financial sustainability. Sustainable insurance indicates to maintain a balance between the society and insurance industry without squandering the resources of nature for the growth and enhancement of the whole community. Keywords: Insurance, Sustainability, Green products and services, Sustainable insurance.
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Gruber, Jonathan, and Robin McKnight. "Controlling Health Care Costs through Limited Network Insurance Plans: Evidence from Massachusetts State Employees." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 8, no. 2 (May 1, 2016): 219–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.20140335.
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We investigate the impact of limited network insurance plans in the context of the Massachusetts Group Insurance Commission (GIC), the insurance plan for state employees. Our quasi-experimental analysis examines the introduction of a major financial incentive to choose limited network plans that affected a subset of GIC enrollees. We find that enrollees are very price sensitive in their decision to enroll in limited network plans. Those who switched spent almost 40 percent less on medical care. This reflects reductions in the quantity of services and prices paid per service. The spending reductions came from specialist and hospital care, while spending on primary care rose. (JEL G22, H75, I11, I13, J45)
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Kabbani, Souzan M., and Essam K. Zaneldin. "The Impact of Corporate Governance on the Profitability of Insurance Firms in Syria." International Journal of Financial Research 12, no. 2 (January 11, 2021): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v12n2p150.
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This paper investigates the impact of corporate governance on the profitability of joint-stock insurance firms listed and unlisted in the ‘Damascus Securities Exchange’ in Syria during the period from 2013 to 2019. Research data was collected from the financial reports of the insurance firms and the reports of the ‘Syrian Insurance Supervisory Commission’ and the ‘Syrian Commission of Financial Markets and Securities’. A model was then proposed for corporate governance of insurance firms. The proposed model considers eight independent variables (board size, independence of board members, non-executive board members, solvency, ownership, firm size, firm age, and joint-stock) and two dependent variables (return on equity and return on shares). Multi regression analysis for the ‘Balanced Panel Data’ is used to analyze the relationship between the governance of insurance firms and their profitability. The analysis of the results revealed that some independent variables (such as firm size, ownership, and none-executive members) have a significant positive impact on the return on equity while the ‘firm size’ and ‘ownership’ independent variables have a significant positive impact on the return on shares. The ‘solvency’ variable has a significant negative impact on the return on equity and return on shares. On the other hand, the ‘firm age’ variable has a significant negative impact on the return on equity while the ‘joint-stock’ variable is considered statistically significant with a positive impact on the return on shares. It was also observed that the ‘independence of board members’ variable has no impact on the dependent variables.
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Kabbani, Souzan M., and Essam K. Zaneldin. "The Impact of Corporate Governance on the Profitability of Insurance Firms in Syria." International Journal of Financial Research 12, no. 2 (January 11, 2021): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v12n2p150.
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This paper investigates the impact of corporate governance on the profitability of joint-stock insurance firms listed and unlisted in the ‘Damascus Securities Exchange’ in Syria during the period from 2013 to 2019. Research data was collected from the financial reports of the insurance firms and the reports of the ‘Syrian Insurance Supervisory Commission’ and the ‘Syrian Commission of Financial Markets and Securities’. A model was then proposed for corporate governance of insurance firms. The proposed model considers eight independent variables (board size, independence of board members, non-executive board members, solvency, ownership, firm size, firm age, and joint-stock) and two dependent variables (return on equity and return on shares). Multi regression analysis for the ‘Balanced Panel Data’ is used to analyze the relationship between the governance of insurance firms and their profitability. The analysis of the results revealed that some independent variables (such as firm size, ownership, and none-executive members) have a significant positive impact on the return on equity while the ‘firm size’ and ‘ownership’ independent variables have a significant positive impact on the return on shares. The ‘solvency’ variable has a significant negative impact on the return on equity and return on shares. On the other hand, the ‘firm age’ variable has a significant negative impact on the return on equity while the ‘joint-stock’ variable is considered statistically significant with a positive impact on the return on shares. It was also observed that the ‘independence of board members’ variable has no impact on the dependent variables.
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Belinskaja, Larisa. "The exploration of future tendencies of the Lithuanian life insurance market." Ekonomika 85 (January 30, 2009): 70–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/ekon.2009.0.5125.
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The objective of the research: The article treats the development tendencies of the Lithuanian life insurance market and evaluates its actual perspectives as compared to the markets of other European Union countries.The subjective of the research: The tendencies of the Lithuanian life insurance market development and its perspectives in the European context.Research methods: The analysis of the life insurance market embodies the arranged, systemized and carefully analyzed empirical data. The research uses the primal statistical data of the Lithuanian life assurance market collected and generalized by the Lithuanian Life Assurers Association and the Insurance Supervisory Commission of the Republic of Lithuania, and the statistical data of the Department of Statistics to the Government of the Republic of Lithuania concerning Lithuanian macroeconomics indexes. Some notices and assertions are circumstantial to the personal experience of the author.
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Mantrov, Vadim. "On the Concept of Capacity of Exempted Insurance Institutions: Who's next?" European Journal of Risk Regulation 3, no. 4 (December 2012): 625–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1867299x00002567.
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Case C-82/10, European Commission v Ireland [2011] ECR I-00000Article 4 of the First Council Directive 73/239/EEC of 24 July 1973 on the coordination of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the taking-up and pursuit of the business of direct insurance other than life assurance, as amended and repealed by the Solvency II Directive, OJ L – 228, of 16.08.1973. pp. 3–19. [First non-life Directive].Ireland was found to have failed to fulfil its obligations under the non-life insurance directives by not covering the Voluntary Health Insurance Board, the main health insurer in Ireland, with the supervisory scheme envisaged by those directives. The Court of Justice of the European Union judgment raises vital questions important for the existing exempted insurance institutions.
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Świątek-Rudoman, Justyna. "Ubezpieczenie społeczne twórców i artystów — wybrane zagadnienia." Przegląd Prawa i Administracji 117 (December 20, 2019): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0137-1134.117.9.
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SOCIAL INSURANCE OF PROFESSIONAL AUTHORS AND ARTISTS — SELECTED ISSUESCreative and artistic activity in the context of being the subject of social insurance raises a lot of controversy. It is a result of the fact of its specificity related to the irregularity of the work and income combined with the contribution charges at the level of entrepreneurs. The author analyzes and assesses the current legal regulations related to social insurance of professional authors and artists, in particular the role of the decision of a commission determining when such activity is commenced and its impact on the arising of the insurance obligation and the right to benefits. In addition, the author presents and discusses the proposed changes in the scope of including this group in a separate social insurance system that assumes the establishment of suitable support mechanisms which will allow for the real participation of these people in the system.
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Hashim, Nor Haziah, Zurina Kefeli, and Nursilah Ahmad. "In Two Minds of Replacing Life Insurance Policy." Journal of Muamalat and Islamic Finance Research 16, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.33102/jmifr.v16i2.224.
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The case is about how Maju Takaful Resources (MTR), a takaful consultation firm, dealt with their agents’ grievances regarding the regulation of Replacement of Policy (ROP) imposed by Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM). The regulation was imposed to curb unwarranted replacement of life insurance policy and to ensure the interest of the policyholders is continuously safeguarded. The regulation specified that agents shall not receive any commission for any policy which is construed as ROP. However, the regulation has placed MTR at a great disadvantage, since most of their clients, whom previously subscribed to conventional life insurance policy wished to switch to family takaful (a shariah-compliant version of life insurance). Unfortunately, according to ROP regulation, these cases were still considered as ROP. The case allowed students to learn the effects of ROP on different stakeholders within the insurance and takaful industries in Malaysia.
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Andoh, Charles, and Susana Adobea Yamoah. "Reinsurance and Financial Performance of Non-life Insurance Companies in Ghana." Management and Labour Studies 46, no. 2 (February 25, 2021): 161–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0258042x21989942.
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The study examines how premiums ceded to a reinsurer affect the profitability of non-life insurance companies in Ghana. Secondary data on reinsurance ceded, combined ratio, assets, liabilities and return on assets for 20 non-life insurance companies over the period 2008–2018 were sourced from National Insurance Commission whilst interest and exchange rates variables were obtained from the Bank of Ghana. Panel regression model was employed for the analysis of the data collected. The results show that purchasing high levels of reinsurance alone does not affect the profitability of non-life insurance companies, but the combined effect of reinsurance and solvency ratio significantly impact their profitability. Managers of non-life insurance companies in Ghana should increase their ability to repay all financial obligations in the short, medium and long term in combination with reinsurance. This will enable insurers to stabilize growth, earn profits and meet their obligations to policyholders in a timely fashion. JEL Code: G22
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Watzman, Nancy, and Patrick Woodall. "Managed Health Care Companies' Lobbying Frenzy." International Journal of Health Services 25, no. 3 (July 1995): 403–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/g11p-26yf-dq6j-ekhv.
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The top dozen national managed health care companies and two industry trade groups spent at least $2,023,041 on lobbying expenses and campaign contributions to key lawmakers during last year's health care debate, according to an analysis of Federal Election Commission data and federal lobbying disclosure forms. Five of the top six spenders are large insurance companies that are rapidly transferring their business from traditional indemnity insurance to HMOs. Over half—52 percent—of campaign donations from the top managed care companies' and trade associations' PACs and employees went to members sitting on the five Congressional committees with jurisdiction over health care reform.
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Turak, Theodore. "Remembrances of the Home Insurance Building." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 44, no. 1 (March 1, 1985): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/990061.
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The years 1984 and 1985 constitute the centennial of one of the 19th century's most significant structures, the Home Insurance Building in Chicago. Ground for the Home Insurance was broken 1 May 1884 and it received its first tenants in the fall of 1885. Since that time, some have hailed it as the world's first true skyscraper; others have seen it as unspectacular and merely transitional. This paper will explore the opinions of the men who were most intimately connected with its construction: the architect, William Le Baron Jenney; his partner, William Mundie; the building's fireproofing contractor, Peter B. Wight; and one of Jenney's competitors for the commission, Frederick Baumann. I have based this article on documents, some of them recently discovered, that were written at widely different times. When brought together, however, they seem to create a dialog between these men, the results of which cast some light on the circumstances surrounding the design and erection of the Home Insurance Building. Moreover, these documents give us valuable insight into the human aspects of what has heretofore been held as a purely technical problem in the history of architecture.
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Nunoo, Jacob, and Bernand Nana Acheampong. "Protecting financial investment: agriculture insurance in Ghana." Agricultural Finance Review 74, no. 2 (July 1, 2014): 236–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/afr-10-2013-0037.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present readers with information on the state of provision of agricultural insurance as a means of protecting financial investment in agricultural productivity in Ghana. Design/methodology/approach – The paper reviews interventions in the provision of agricultural insurance in Ghana and then examines what is currently being done in this area. The paper looks at issues arising from empirical evidence on agricultural insurance provision and links them to scholarly articles on these issues. Findings – This paper shows that there has been considerable effort from the German Development Cooperation, the Ghana National Insurance Commission and government ministries and agencies, the Insurance sector in Ghana and stakeholder institutions leading to the creation of an agricultural insurance provider in Ghana. It is, however, evident from the results that the system is facing major challenges resulting primarily from the inability of the state to provide the needed policy and regulatory support that will assist the insurance sector in the development and delivery of the agricultural insurance products. Originality/value – Even though there has been some research that has touched on agricultural insurance in Ghana, none of them has actually examined the current systems of providing the insurance since its inception. The paper therefore fills the gap of providing information on the current ongoing interventions for the provision of agricultural insurance for individuals and organizations that invest in the agricultural sector in Ghana.
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Ghimire, Shurendra. "Role of Informal Education, and Human-Agent on Insurance Industry." Nepalese Journal of Insurance and Social Security 3, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 50–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njiss.v3i3.36462.
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This article discusses how the insured persons learn to be responsible for managing the risk via insurance and the role of agents in this process. So that, a dozen of purposively selected persons were interviewed with unstructured and open-ended questions. Interpretation of so generated qualitative information suggests that people rarely appreciate insurance, and agents are as dominant as the product in buying decisions. Employing informal education to make citizens responsible for their risk management is almost ineffective. The role of agents in enabling customers as prudent risk managers by raising their awareness about different insurance products is observed as a conflict of interests between the state and the agent. In a liberal society, persuading people by a profit-making company is dominant than the state-delivered awareness program. These findings not only question the role of the insurance agent, a human resource for facilitating people to learn about insurance, as commission-based workers instead of professional but also problematize the legitimacy of transferring the state's responsibility of educating citizens to the private companies.
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Zhuravka, O., O. Pakhnenko, and A. Sukhomlyn. "CONCENTRATION AND COMPETITION RESEARCH. THE INSURANCE MARKET OF UKRAINE." Vìsnik Sumsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu, no. 1 (2019): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/1817-9215.2019.1-4.
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The concentration of the insurance market is an objective process that evolves by the trends of the world market laws. In practice, many countries use a whole set of indicators that are developed by the world economic science to estimate the concentration level in different sectors of the economy. Official statistics, unfortunately, give only a fragmentary assessment of the concentration level of the domestic insurance market. The National Financial Services Commission considers two indicators: the concentration ratio and the Herfindahl-Hirschman index. The analysis of these indicators is provided on the whole market and separately on the non-life and Life insurance markets only by the volume of insurance premiums. Such an assessment is very general, and the insurance market of Ukraine remains informationally closed. Studies have shown that the level of market concentration is related to the processes of monopolization and competition. Significant concentration on the life insurance market, which in turn defines it as moderately monopolized and not a significant concentration on the risk insurance market, which has a significant level of competition. However, among a large number of insurance companies in the insurance market other than life insurance, it is possible to single out leaders who, compared to their competitors, have a significant amount of insurance payments and hold a significant share of the market in terms of insurance premiums, assets and what is important for customer - the proper level of payments, which is confirmed by the amount of insurance claims. In the market of risk insurance of Ukraine the leaders are such system-forming insurance companies as «UNIKA», «IG TAS», «ARSENAL UKRAINE», «PZU UKRAINE», «АХА INSURANCE» and «INGO UKRAINE». Key words: insurance market, concentration of insurance market, rating, assets of insurance companies, level of payments, competition.
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Adeniyi, Demehin James, Adewole Joseph Adeyinka, and Iyodo Babayaro. "Insurance Companies and the Efficiency of Financial Intermediation in Nigeria." American International Journal of Economics and Finance Research 1, no. 1 (February 25, 2019): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.46545/aijefr.v1i1.59.
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The study examined the relationship between insurance companies and financial intermediation in Nigeria.The insurance industry is a vital part of the entire financial system. Apart from commercial banks, insurance companies contribute significantly to financial intermediation of the economy. Despite the fact that insurance companies are vital part of Nigerian financial system, Nigerian insurance companies have been struggling to meet up with their objective of enhancing sound financial intermediation efficiency. The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between Total insurance claims and Total insurance Income, Total insurance expenditure in order to determine the impact of insurance companies on financial intermediation efficiency in Nigerian insurance sector.This study relied basically on secondary data which are obtained from Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin (CBN) and National Insurance Commission (NAICOM) annual report.The method of data analysis employed to achieve the stated objective is multiple regression analyses. It was revealed that there exist a positive or strong correlation between the dependent variable and independent variable in the insurance efficiency equation. Independent variables has been found as an increasing function of Dependent variable, this means that there is an increase in the level at which insurance companies fulfil their customers claims. It was also discovered that the parameter of total insurance income and other insurance expenditure in relationship with total insurance claim is statistically significant. The study therefore recommends that policies should be formulated to address firm-specifics and macroeconomic fundamentals that will drive down the high wedge between total insurance claims and total insurance income to further strengthen the efficiency of financial intermediation which will impact positively on economic growth. The study also recommends that there is need to strengthen the supervisory framework to curb tendencies for rent seeking behaviour of insurance company’s management.
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Brkovic, Radoje, and Mirjana Popovic. "Status nastavnika na fakultetu – neka sporna pitanja." Forum 1, no. 1-2 (December 2019): 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/forum19.003b.
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Since the introduction of the fi rst Public Procurement Act in 2002, the public procurement market has accounted for a signifi cant share of total premiums earned by insurance companies. In that sense, the author in this paper presents the impact of the public procurement legal framework on the insurance sector in the light of the most signifi cant innovations contained in the Public Procurement Act, which entered into force on 1 January 2020. Furthermore, the paper emphasizes the importance of adequate preparation of tender documentation and additional conditions for participation in the procurement of insurance services. Finally, the author analyzes the practice of the Republic Commission for the Protection of Rights in Public Procurement Procedures, which reveals the most common mistakes of contracting authorities in compiling additional conditions of fi nancial and business capacity.
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Dutta, Madan Mohan. "Health insurance sector in India: an analysis of its performance." Vilakshan - XIMB Journal of Management 17, no. 1/2 (December 2, 2020): 97–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/xjm-07-2020-0021.
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Purpose Health insurance is one of the major contributors of growth of general insurance industry in India. It alone accounts for around 29% of total general insurance premium income earned in India. The growth of this sector is important from the perspective of overall growth of general insurance Industry. At the same time, problems in this sector are also many which are affecting its performance. Design/methodology/approach The paper provides an understanding on performance of health insurance sector in India. This study attempts to find out how much claims and commission and management expenses it has to incur to earn certain amount of premium. Methodology used for the study is regression analysis to establish relationship between dependent variable (Profit/Loss) and independent variable (Health Insurance Premium earned). Findings Findings of the study indicate that there is significant relationship between earned premium and underwriting loss. There has been increase of premium earnings which instead of increasing profit for the sector in fact has increased underwriting loss over the years. The earnings of the sector is growing at compounded annual growth rate of 27% still it is unable to earn underwriting profit. Originality/value This study is self-driven based on secondary data obtained from insurance regulatory and development authority site.
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Mysak, Z. S. "Voluntary medical insurance in Ukraine: state and prospects of development." Acta Medica Leopoliensia 27, no. 1-2 (June 2021): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.25040/aml2021.01-02.070.
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Aim. The paper analyzes the state of the voluntary medical insurance in Ukraine and identifies the tendencies of its development. Material and Methods. The research was conducted on the basis of consolidated reporting data of the National Commission for State Regulation of Financial Services Markets using statistical methods, structural-logical analysis and systematic approach. Results and Discussion. According to the results of the study, the permanent health insurance is a dominant segment in the market of voluntary medical insurance in Ukraine; however the medical expenses insurance shows a steady upward trend. During the study period, the number of concluded contracts by type of medical insurance increased by 3.1 times. The increase in contracts on health insurance against disease turned out to be the most significant: in 2019, 4.7 times more contracts were concluded than in 2015. The dominance of corporate medical insurance in the segment of the market of permanent health insurance was established, while the insurance premiums made by individuals prevailed in the segment of health insurance against disease and medical expenses insurance. When studying the level of payments under voluntary medical insurance contracts, it was found that the highest level of payments had been recorded for permanent health insurance (56.95% - 62.12%). In the result of analyzing the level of reinsurance in the voluntary medical insurance market, a reduction in the ratio of insurance premiums transferred to non-resident reinsurers was established. On the basis of which it can be affirmed that the inwards reinsurance in Ukraine is being formed. The formation of the inwards reinsurance market in Ukraine has significant prospects, as it will ensure the attraction of funds into the national economy and promote integration into the international reinsurance space. Conclusions. The development tendencies study of the voluntary medical insurance is of practical importance for assessing and increasing the competitiveness of the medical insurance market in Ukraine
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Tsukanov, A. N. "TIME OF COMMISSION OF THE TAX CRIME." Scientific Notes of V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Juridical science 7 (73), no. 1 (2021): 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2413-1733-2021-7-1-154-160.
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The question of determining the time of committing a tax crime is quite complex both in theory and in practice. Dispositions of articles on evasion of taxes, fees and insurance premiums indicate a mandatory feature of the objective side – the failure to submit mandatory documents; the doctrine and law enforcement practice are guided by the fact that it is criminal to fail to pay mandatory payments, and not the fact of an unsubstantiated declaration (other mandatory documents), therefore, the time of committing a tax crime is the failure to receive funds to the budget. The situation is complicated by the fact that the doctrine of criminal law lacks a unified approach to under-standing whether to consider tax crimes as continuing or c ongoing. In the article the resolution of this question: if the taxpayer submits a false Declaration within three years, his act should be regarded as the offense continued in the case of non-Declaration of the actions of the taxpayer should be regarded as a continuing offence, which starts with the date of the first unpaid and ends as a result of restraint by law enforcement or the occurrence of other events that prevent the further continuation.
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PAOLUCCI, FRANCESCO, PRZEMYSLAW M. SOWA, MANUEL GARCÍA-GOÑI, and HENRY ERGAS. "Mandatory aged care insurance: a case for Australia." Ageing and Society 35, no. 2 (November 13, 2013): 231–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x13000767.
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ABSTRACTThis paper assesses the feasibility and welfare-improving potential of an insurance market for aged care expenses in Australia. As in many other countries, demographic dynamics coupled with an upward trend in costs of personal care result in consumer co-contributions imposing a risk of expenses that could constitute a significant proportion of lifetime savings, in spite of the presence of a government-run aged care scheme. We explore issues around the development of an insurance market in this particular setting, considering adverse selection, moral hazard, timing of purchase, transaction costs and correlation of risks, as well as such contextual factors as longevity and aged care cost determinants. The analysis indicates aged care insurance is both feasible and welfare-enhancing, thus providing a gainful alternative to the aged care reform proposed by the Productivity Commission in 2011. However, while the insurance market would benefit the ageing Australian population, it is unlikely to emerge spontaneously because of the problem of myopic individual perceptions of long-term goals. Consequently, we recommend regulatory action to trigger the market development.
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Lu, Xiaojun, Qun Wang, and Daishuang Wei. "Do Health Insurance Schemes Heterogeneously Affect Income and Income Distribution? Evidence from Chinese Agricultural Migrants Survey." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 9 (April 28, 2020): 3079. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093079.
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Currently, the particularity of Chinese agricultural migrants groups determines that they can participate in various types of public health insurance schemes, i.e., the New Cooperative Medical Scheme (NCMS), Urban Residents Basic Medical Insurance (URBMI), and Urban Employees Basic Medical Insurance (UEBMI). The goal of this paper is to shed light on whether and how these health insurance schemes affect the agricultural migrants’ income and income distribution. A dataset of 86,660 individuals is obtained from China Migrants Dynamic Survey implemented by the National Health Commission. The study uses the basic ordinary least squares regression to assess association between health insurance schemes and income and uses the propensity score matching method to estimate the income effect. In addition, we further use the quantile regression method to explore heterogeneous effects of health insurance schemes on income distribution. We find that UEBMI and URBMI have significant increased monthly net income of agricultural migrants, while NCMS does not. The income-increasing effect of UEBMI is greater than that of URBMI. The income-increasing effect of UEBMI is most obvious in the low-income group. While URBMI has a significant role in increasing income with its income-increasing effect being obvious for the lowest and highest income groups. We suggest that China’s health insurance system needs further reforms in order to reduce income inequality of agricultural migrants.
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Hancock, Lynne, Rob Sanson-Fisher, and Lynne Kentish. "Cervical cancer screening in rural NSW: Health Insurance Commission data compared to self-report." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 22, no. 3 (June 1998): 307–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-842x.1998.tb01382.x.
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Less, Steven. "International Administration of Holocaust Compensation: The International Commission on Holocaust Era Insurance Claims (ICHEIC)." German Law Journal 9, no. 11 (November 1, 2008): 1651–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200000614.
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The most important change in public international law over the past century has been a re-direction of its focus exclusively on states to a broadened scope of subjects including, most importantly, individual human beings. This shift in the status of individuals may be directly traced to the widely acknowledged need, in the aftermath of the Second World War, for a more adequate response to the Holocaust and other large-scale atrocities than that offered by traditional international law. Substantive concerns led to the development of human rights law. Victims' demands for compensation or restitution for the material injuries caused by genocidal Nazi persecution spurred a parallel procedural revolution. The innovation lay in national and international recognition of individuals' rights to assert such claims on their own behalf against their own governments, foreign states and foreign private entities.