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Journal articles on the topic 'Intact polar lipids'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Warren, Charles R. "Altitudinal transects reveal large differences in intact lipid composition among soils." Soil Research 59, no. 6 (2021): 644. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr20055.

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Fatty acid-based lipids comprise a small but important component of soil organic matter. Lipids are indispensable components of soil microbes due to their function as components of membranes and as stores of energy and C. Hence, lipid composition is likely under strong selection pressure and there ought to be strong associations between lipid composition of microbial communities and environmental conditions. Associations between microbial lipids and environment likely involve an integrated combination of differences in lipid headgroups (classes) and fatty acyl chains. However, past studies exa

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Yoshinaga, Marcos Y., Matthias Y. Kellermann, Pamela E. Rossel, Florence Schubotz, Julius S. Lipp, and Kai-Uwe Hinrichs. "Systematic fragmentation patterns of archaeal intact polar lipids by HPLC-ESI-IT-MS." Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 25 (November 8, 2011): 3563–74. https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.5251.

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Archaea are ubiquitous and abundant microorganisms on Earth that mediate key global biogeochemical cycles. The headgroup attached to the <em>sn</em>-1 position in the glycerol backbone and the ether-linked isoprenoid lipids are among the diagnostic traits that distinguish Archaea from Bacteria and Eukarya. Over the last 30 years, numerous archaeal lipids were purified and described in pure cultures. Coupled high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) ion trap mass spectrometry (ITMS) now enables the detection and rapid identification of intact polar lipids in relatively small samples, reveal

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3

Zhu, Chun, Julius S. Lipp, Lars Wörmer, Kevin B. Becker, Jan M. Schröder, and Kai-Uwe Hinrichs. "Comprehensive glycerol ether lipid fingerprints through a novel reversed phase liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry protocol." Organic Geochemistry 65 (October 3, 2013): 53–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2013.09.012.

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Abstract Glycerol ether lipid distributions have been developed as proxies for reconstructing past environmental change or, in their intact polar form, for fingerprinting the viable microbial community composition. However, due to their structural complexity, full characterization of glycerol ether lipids requires separate protocols for the analysis of the polar head groups and the alkyl chain moieties in core ether lipids. As a consequence, the valuable relationship between core ether lipid composition and specific polar head groups is often lost; this limits understanding of the diversity of

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Wörmer, Lars, Julius S. Lipp, Jan M. Schröder, and Kai-Uwe Hinrichs. "Application of two new LC–ESI–MS methods for improved detection of intact polar lipids (IPLs) in environmental samples." Organic Geochemistry 59 (March 20, 2013): 10–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2013.03.004.

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Abstract Intact polar lipid distributions have become a valuable tool for the study of microbial ecosystems. In order to expand the detection and interpretation of the presence of these lipids, improved analytical methods are needed. Therefore, two high pressure liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–ESI–MS<sup>2</sup>) methods, based on hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) and reversed phase (RP) chromatography were developed, taking advantage of new chromatographic possibilities such as smaller particle size and recently devel

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Coffinet, Sarah, Travis B. Meador, Lukas Mühlena, et al. "Structural elucidation and environmental distributions of butanetriol and pentanetriol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (BDGTs and PDGTs)." Biogeosciences 17, no. 2 (2020): 317–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-317-2020.

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Abstract. Butanetriol and pentanetriol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (BDGTs and PDGTs) are membrane lipids, recently discovered in sedimentary environments and in the methanogenic archaeon Methanomassiliicoccus luminyensis. They possess an unusual structure, which challenges fundamental assumptions in lipid biochemistry. Indeed, they bear a butanetriol or a pentanetriol backbone instead of a glycerol at one end of their core structure. In this study, we unambiguously located the additional methyl group of the BDGT compound on the C3 carbon of the lipid backbone via high-field nuclear magnetic r

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Liu, Xiao-Lei, Julius S. Lipp, Jeffrey H. Simpson, Yu-Shih Lin, Roger E. Summons, and Kai-Uwe Hinrichs. "Mono- and dihydroxyl glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraethers in marine sediments: Identification of both core and intact polar lipid forms." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 89 (April 28, 2012): 102–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2012.04.053.

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Abstract Hydroxylated glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (hydroxy-GDGTs) were detected in marine sediments of diverse depositional regimes and ages. Mass spectrometric evidence, complemented by information gleaned from two-dimensional (2D) <sup>1</sup>H–<sup>13</sup>C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy on minute quantities of target analyte isolated from marine sediment, allowed us to identify one major compound as a monohydroxy-GDGT with acyclic biphytanyl moieties (OH-GDGT-0). NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric data indicate the presence of a tertiary hydroxyl group

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7

Schouten, Stefan, Ellen C. Hopmans, Marianne Baas, et al. "Intact Membrane Lipids of “Candidatus Nitrosopumilus maritimus,” a Cultivated Representative of the Cosmopolitan Mesophilic Group I Crenarchaeota." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 8 (2008): 2433–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01709-07.

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ABSTRACT In this study we analyzed the membrane lipid composition of “Candidatus Nitrosopumilus maritimus,” the only cultivated representative of the cosmopolitan group I crenarchaeota and the only mesophilic isolate of the phylum Crenarchaeota. The core lipids of “Ca. Nitrosopumilus maritimus” consisted of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) with zero to four cyclopentyl moieties. Crenarchaeol, a unique GDGT containing a cyclohexyl moiety in addition to four cyclopentyl moieties, was the most abundant GDGT. This confirms unambiguously that crenarchaeol is synthesized by species belo

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8

Popendorf, K. J., T. Tanaka, M. Pujo-Pay, et al. "Gradients in intact polar diacylglycerolipids across the Mediterranean Sea are related to phosphate availability." Biogeosciences Discussions 8, no. 4 (2011): 7921–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-8-7921-2011.

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Abstract. Intact polar membrane lipids compose a significant fraction of cellular material in plankton and their synthesis imposes a substantial constraint on planktonic nutrient requirements. As a part of the Biogeochemistry from the Oligotrophic to the Ultraoligtrophic Mediterranean (BOUM) cruise we examined the distribution of several classes of intact polar diacylglycerolipids (IP-DAGs) across the Mediterranean, and found that phospholipid concentration as a percent of total lipids correlated with phosphate concentration. In addition, the ratios of non-phosphorus lipids to phospholipids –

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Popendorf, K. J., T. Tanaka, M. Pujo-Pay, et al. "Gradients in intact polar diacylglycerolipids across the Mediterranean Sea are related to phosphate availability." Biogeosciences 8, no. 12 (2011): 3733–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-3733-2011.

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Abstract. Intact polar membrane lipids compose a significant fraction of cellular material in plankton and their synthesis imposes a substantial constraint on planktonic nutrient requirements. As a part of the Biogeochemistry from the Oligotrophic to the Ultraoligotrophic Mediterranean (BOUM) cruise we examined the distribution of several classes of intact polar diacylglycerolipids (IP-DAGs) across the Mediterranean, and found that phospholipid concentration as a percent of total lipids correlated with phosphate concentration. In addition, the ratios of non-phosphorus lipids to phospholipids –

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10

Sinninghe Damsté, Jaap S., W. Irene C. Rijpstra, Ellen C. Hopmans, et al. "13,16-Dimethyl Octacosanedioic Acid (iso-Diabolic Acid), a Common Membrane-Spanning Lipid of Acidobacteria Subdivisions 1 and 3." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 12 (2011): 4147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00466-11.

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ABSTRACTThe distribution of membrane lipids of 17 different strains representing 13 species of subdivisions 1 and 3 of the phylumAcidobacteria, a highly diverse phylum of theBacteria, were examined by hydrolysis and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (MS) and by high-performance liquid chromatography-MS of intact polar lipids. Upon both acid and base hydrolyses of total cell material, the uncommon membrane-spanning lipid 13,16-dimethyl octacosanedioic acid (iso-diabolic acid) was released in substantial amounts (22 to 43% of the total fatty acids) from all of the acidobacteria studied. This

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11

Logemann, J., J. Graue, J. Köster, B. Engelen, J. Rullkötter, and H. Cypionka. "A laboratory experiment of intact polar lipid degradation in sandy sediments." Biogeosciences Discussions 8, no. 2 (2011): 3289–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-8-3289-2011.

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Abstract. Intact polar lipids (IPLs) are considered biomarkers for living biomass. Their degradation in marine sediments, however, is poorly understood and complicates interpretation of their occurrence in geological samples. To investigate the turnover of IPLs, a degradation experiment with anoxic sandy sediments from the North Sea was conducted. Intact cells of two organisms that do not naturally occur in North Sea sediments were chosen as IPL sources: (i) Saccharomyces cerevisiae, representative for ester-bound acyl lipids that also occur in Bacteria, and (ii) the archaeon Haloferax volcani

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Logemann, J., J. Graue, J. Köster, B. Engelen, J. Rullkötter, and H. Cypionka. "A laboratory experiment of intact polar lipid degradation in sandy sediments." Biogeosciences 8, no. 9 (2011): 2547–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-2547-2011.

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Abstract. Intact polar lipids (IPLs) are considered biomarkers for living biomass. Their degradation in marine sediments, however, is poorly understood and complicates interpretation of their occurrence in geological samples. To investigate the turnover of IPLs, a degradation experiment with anoxic sandy sediments from the North Sea was conducted. Intact cells of two organisms that do not naturally occur in North Sea sediments were chosen as IPL sources: (i) Saccharomyces cerevisiae, representative for ester-bound acyl lipids that also occur in Bacteria, and (ii) the archaeon Haloferax volcani

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13

Fil, Joanne E., Sangyun Joung, Jonas Hauser, Andreas Rytz, Courtney A. Hayes, and Ryan N. Dilger. "Influence of Dietary Polar Lipid Supplementation on Memory and Longitudinal Brain Development." Nutrients 13, no. 8 (2021): 2486. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13082486.

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Polar lipids, which are found in human milk, serve essential functions within biological membranes, hence their importance in brain development and cognition. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the longitudinal effects on brain macrostructural and microstructural development and recognition memory of early-life polar lipid supplementation using the translational pig model. Twenty-eight intact (i.e., not castrated) male pigs were provided either a control diet (n = 14) or the control diet supplemented with polar lipids (n = 14) from postnatal day 2 until postnatal week 4. After postnatal week 4, a

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14

Chadova, Ksenia, and Peter Velansky. "Lipidome of the Brown Macroalga Undaria pinnatifida: Influence of Season and Endophytic Infection." Marine Drugs 21, no. 9 (2023): 466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md21090466.

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An analysis of the lipidome of the brown alga Undaria pinnatifida (Laminariales) was performed’ more than 900 molecular species were identified in 12 polar lipids and 1 neutral lipid using HPLC/MS-MS. The seasonal changes of U. pinnatifida lipidome were determined. It was shown that acclimatization to winter and spring was accompanied by an increase in the unsaturation of both polar and neutral lipids. In autumn and summer, on the contrary, the contents of more saturated molecular species of all lipid classes increased. Based on the data obtained, a scheme for the polar and neutral lipid synth

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15

Rossel, Pamela E., Julius S. Lipp, Helen F. Fredricks, et al. "Intact polar lipids of anaerobic methanotrophic archaea and associated bacteria." Organic Geochemistry 39, no. 8 (2008): 992–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2008.02.021.

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16

Heinzelmann, Sandra M., Nicole J. Bale, Ellen C. Hopmans, Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté, Stefan Schouten, and Marcel T. J. van der Meer. "Critical Assessment of Glyco- and Phospholipid Separation by Using Silica Chromatography." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80, no. 1 (2013): 360–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02817-13.

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ABSTRACTPhospholipid-derived fatty acids (PLFAs) are commonly used to characterize microbial communitiesin situand the phylogenetic positions of newly isolated microorganisms. PLFAs are obtained through separation of phospholipids from glycolipids and neutral lipids using silica column chromatography. We evaluated the performance of this separation method for the first time using direct detection of intact polar lipids (IPLs) with high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). We show that under either standard or modified conditions, the phospholipid fraction contains not

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17

Tourte, Maxime, Vanessa Kuentz, Philippe Schaeffer, Vincent Grossi, Anais Cario, and Philippe M. Oger. "Novel Intact Polar and Core Lipid Compositions in the Pyrococcus Model Species, P. furiosus and P. yayanosii, Reveal the Largest Lipid Diversity Amongst Thermococcales." Biomolecules 10, no. 6 (2020): 830. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10060830.

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Elucidating the lipidome of Archaea is essential to understand their tolerance to extreme environmental conditions. Previous characterizations of the lipid composition of Pyrococcus species, a model genus of hyperthermophilic archaea belonging to the Thermococcales order, led to conflicting results, which hindered the comprehension of their membrane structure and the putative adaptive role of their lipids. In an effort to clarify the lipid composition data of the Pyrococcus genus, we thoroughly investigated the distribution of both the core lipids (CL) and intact polar lipids (IPL) of the mode

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18

Spencer-Jones, Charlotte L., Erin L. McClymont, Nicole J. Bale, et al. "Archaeal intact polar lipids in polar waters: a comparison between the Amundsen and Scotia seas." Biogeosciences 18, no. 11 (2021): 3485–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3485-2021.

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Abstract. The West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) is one of the largest potential sources of future sea-level rise, with glaciers draining the WAIS thinning at an accelerating rate over the past 40 years. Due to complexities in calibrating palaeoceanographic proxies for the Southern Ocean, it remains difficult to assess whether similar changes have occurred earlier during the Holocene or whether there is underlying centennial- to millennial-scale forcing in oceanic variability. Archaeal lipid-based proxies, specifically glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT; e.g. TEX86 and TEX86L), are powerf

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19

Ding, Su, Markus Lange, Julius Lipp, et al. "Characteristics and origin of intact polar lipids in soil organic matter." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 151 (December 2020): 108045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2020.108045.

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20

Lipp, Julius Sebastian, and Kai-Uwe Hinrichs. "Structural diversity and fate of intact polar lipids in marine sediments." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 73, no. 22 (2009): 6816–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2009.08.003.

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Svensson, Elisabeth, Stefan Schouten, Axel Stam, Jack J. Middelburg, and Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté. "Compound-specific stable isotope analysis of nitrogen-containing intact polar lipids." Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 29, no. 23 (2015): 2263–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.7393.

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22

Sinninghe Damsté, Jaap S., W. Irene C. Rijpstra, Ellen C. Hopmans, et al. "Intact Polar and Core Glycerol Dibiphytanyl Glycerol Tetraether Lipids of Group I.1a and I.1b Thaumarchaeota in Soil." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, no. 19 (2012): 6866–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01681-12.

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ABSTRACTEcological studies of thaumarchaeota often apply glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT)-based intact membrane lipids. However, these components have only been characterized for thaumarchaeota from aquatic environments. Thaumarchaeota have been shown to play an important role in the nitrogen cycle in soil as ammonium oxidizers, and GDGTs are common lipids encountered in soil. We report the core and intact polar lipid (IPL) GDGTs produced by three newly available thaumarchaeota isolated from grassland soil in Austria (“Nitrososphaera viennensis,” group I.1b) and enriched from a

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23

Maat, D. S., N. J. Bale, E. C. Hopmans, et al. "Acquisition of intact polar lipids from the prymnesiophyte <i>Phaeocystis globosa</i> by its lytic virus PgV-07T." Biogeosciences 11, no. 1 (2014): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-185-2014.

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Abstract. Recent studies showed changes in phytoplankton lipid composition during viral infection and have indicated roles for specific lipids in the mechanisms of algal virus-host interaction. To investigate the generality of these findings and obtain a better understanding of the allocation of specific lipids to viruses, we studied the intact polar lipid (IPL) composition of virally infected and non-infected cultures of the prymnesiophyte Phaeocystis globosa G(A) and its lytic virus PgV-07T. The P. globosa IPL composition was relatively stable over a diel cycle and not strongly affected by v

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Maat, D. S., N. J. Bale, E. C. Hopmans, et al. "Acquisition of intact polar lipids from the Prymnesiophyte <i>Phaeocystis globosa</i> by its lytic virus PgV-07T." Biogeosciences Discussions 10, no. 7 (2013): 11705–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-11705-2013.

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Abstract. Recent studies showed changes in phytoplankton lipid composition during viral infection and have indicated roles for specific lipids in the mechanisms of algal virus-host interaction. To investigate the generality of these findings and obtain a better understanding of the allocation of specific lipids to viruses, we studied the intact polar lipid (IPL) composition of virally infected and non-infected cultures of the Prymnesiophyte Phaeocystis globosa G(A) and its lytic virus PgV-07T. The P. globosa IPL composition was relatively stable over a diel cycle and not strongly affected by v

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25

Heyen, Simone, Vivien Schneider, Lukas Hüppe, Bettina Meyer, and Heinz Wilkes. "Variations of intact phospholipid compositions in the digestive system of Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, between summer and autumn." PLOS ONE 18, no. 12 (2023): e0295677. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0295677.

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The biochemical composition of Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, is largely determined by their feeding behaviour. As they supply energy for animals of a higher trophic level and are also commercialized for human consumption, the interest in research on the species is high. Lipids, especially phospholipids, make up a high proportion of dry weight in krill. Seasonal changes are well documented in the fingerprint of free fatty acids analysed after hydrolysis of phospholipids, but the underlying intact polar lipids are rarely considered. In this study, we evaluated the compositions of intact ph

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26

Zhu, Chun, Travis B. Meador, Wolf Dummann, and Kai-Uwe Hinrichs. "Identification of unusual butanetriol dialkyl glycerol tetraether and pentanetriol dialkyl glycerol tetraether lipids in marine sediments." Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 28 (December 27, 2013): 332–38. https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.6792.

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RATIONALE: Glycerol serves as the principal backbone moiety bound to various acyl/alkyl chains for membrane lipids of <em>Eukarya</em>, <em>Bacteria</em>, and <em>Archaea</em>. In this study, we report a suite of unusual tetraether lipids in which one of the two conventional glycerol backbones is substituted by butanetriol or pentanetriol. METHODS: Identification of these lipids was achieved via diagnostic fragments and their expected acetylation products using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), and their diagnostic ether cleavage products using gas chromatography/mass spectromet

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27

Moore, Eli K. "Trimethylornithine Membrane Lipids: Discovered in Planctomycetes and Identified in Diverse Environments." Metabolites 11, no. 1 (2021): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo11010049.

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Intact polar membrane lipids (IPLs) are the building blocks of all cell membranes. There is a wide range of phosphorus-free IPL structures, including amino acid containing IPLs, that can be taxonomically specific. Trimethylornithine membrane lipids (TMOs) were discovered in northern wetland Planctomycete species that were isolated and described in the last decade. The trimethylated terminal nitrogen moiety of the ornithine amino acid in the TMO structure gives the lipid a charged polar head group, similar to certain phospholipids. Since their discovery, TMOs have been identified in various oth

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Schubotz, Florence, Sitan Xie, Julius S. Lipp, Kai-Uwe Hinrichs, and Stuart G. Wakeham. "Intact polar lipids in the water column of the eastern tropical North Pacific: abundance and structural variety of non-phosphorus lipids." Biogeosciences 15, no. 21 (2018): 6481–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6481-2018.

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Abstract. Intact polar lipids (IPLs) are the main building blocks of cellular membranes and contain chemotaxonomic, ecophysiological and metabolic information, making them valuable biomarkers in microbial ecology and biogeochemistry. This study investigates IPLs in suspended particulate matter (SPM) in the water column of the eastern tropical North Pacific Ocean (ETNP), one of the most extensive open-ocean oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) in the world, with strong gradients of nutrients, temperature and redox conditions. A wide structural variety in polar lipid head-group composition and core struc

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Peterse, Francien, Ellen C. Hopmans, Stefan Schouten, Anchélique Mets, W. Irene C. Rijpstra, and Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté. "Identification and distribution of intact polar branched tetraether lipids in peat and soil." Organic Geochemistry 42, no. 9 (2011): 1007–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2011.07.006.

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Peterse, F., C. M. Moy, and T. I. Eglinton. "Probing the fate of soil-derived core and intact polar GDGTs in aquatic environments." Biogeosciences Discussions 11, no. 7 (2014): 11569–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-11-11569-2014.

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Abstract. We have performed incubation experiments in order to examine the fate of branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (brGDGT) membrane lipids upon entering an aquatic environment and to asses the suitability of brGDGTs as tracers for fluvial land-sea transport of soil organic carbon. We incubated a soil from the Rakaia River catchment on the South Island of New Zealand using Rakaia River water and ocean water collected near the river mouth as inocula for a period of up to 152 days. The concentrations of brGDGTs derived from intact polar ("living"; IPL) lipids and core ("fossil"; CL

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Varma, Devika, Laura Villanueva, Nicole J. Bale, Pierre Offre, Gert-Jan Reichart, and Stefan Schouten. "Controls on the composition of hydroxylated isoprenoidal glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (isoGDGTs) in cultivated ammonia-oxidizing Thaumarchaeota." Biogeosciences 21, no. 21 (2024): 4875–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4875-2024.

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Abstract. Membrane lipids of ammonia-oxidizing Thaumarchaeota, in particular isoprenoidal glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (isoGDGTs) and hydroxylated isoGDGTs (OH-isoGDGTs), have been used as biomarkers and as proxies in various environments. Controlled growth experiments have been used to investigate the factors that influence the composition of these lipids, in particular on how these factors affect the TEX86 temperature proxy, which is based on the degree of cyclization of isoGDGTs. Recently, the ring index of OH-isoGDGTs (RI-OH′), based on cyclization patterns of OH-isoGDGTs, and the

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Pitcher, Angela, Ellen C. Hopmans, Annika C. Mosier, et al. "Core and Intact Polar Glycerol Dibiphytanyl Glycerol Tetraether Lipids of Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaea Enriched from Marine and Estuarine Sediments." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 10 (2011): 3468–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02758-10.

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ABSTRACTGlycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT)-based intact membrane lipids are increasingly being used as complements to conventional molecular methods in ecological studies of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) in the marine environment. However, the few studies that have been done on the detailed lipid structures synthesized by AOA in (enrichment) culture are based on species enriched from nonmarine environments, i.e., a hot spring, an aquarium filter, and a sponge. Here we have analyzed core and intact polar lipid (IPL)-GDGTs synthesized by three newly available AOA enriched directl

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Evans, Thomas W., Felix J. Elling, Yongli Li, Ann Pearson, and Roger E. Summons. "A new and improved protocol for extraction of intact polar membrane lipids from archaea." Organic Geochemistry 165 (March 2022): 104353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2021.104353.

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Schouten, Stefan, Jack J. Middelburg, Ellen C. Hopmans, and Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté. "Fossilization and degradation of intact polar lipids in deep subsurface sediments: A theoretical approach." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 74, no. 13 (2010): 3806–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2010.03.029.

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35

Schubotz, Florence, Julius S. Lipp, Marcus Elvert, and Kai-Uwe Hinrichs. "Stable carbon isotopic compositions of intact polar lipids reveal complex carbon flow patterns among hydrocarbon degrading microbial communities at the Chapopote asphalt volcano." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 75 (May 25, 2011): 4399–415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.05.018.

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Abstract Seepage of asphalt forms the basis of a cold seep system at 3000 m water depth at the Chapopote Knoll in the southern Gulf of Mexico. Anaerobic microbial communities are stimulated in the oil-impregnated sediments as evidenced by the presence of intact polar membrane lipids (IPLs) derived from archaea and Bacteria at depths up to 7 m below the seafloor. Detailed investigation of stable carbon isotope composition (δ<sup>13</sup>C) of alkyl and acyl moieties derived from a range of IPL precursors with distinct polar head groups resolved the complexity of carbon metabolis

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Liu, Xiao-Lei, Julius S. Lipp, Jan M. Schröder, Roger E. Summons, and Kai-Uwe Hinrichs. "Isoprenoid glycerol dialkanol diethers: a series of novel archaeal lipids in marine sediments." Organic Geochemistry 43 (November 17, 2011): 50–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2011.11.002.

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Abstract We report a new series of archaeal lipids, widespread in marine sediments and tentatively assigned as isoprenoid glycerol dialkanol diethers (GDDs). They are structural analogs of isoprenoid glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs), with one glycerol unit missing and with each biphytanyl moiety possessing a terminal OH group. Identification is based on molecular formulae determined from accurate mass measurement and interpretation of mass spectral fragmentation patterns. Acetylation of GDD-0 confirmed the presence of three OH groups, and ether cleavage and reduction of the produc

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Kellermann, Matthias Y., Marcos Y. Yoshinaga, Gunter Wegener, Viola Krukenberg, and Kai-Uwe Hinrichs. "Tracing the production and fate of individual archaeal intact polar lipids using stable isotope probing." Organic Geochemistry 95 (May 2016): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2016.02.004.

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Zhu, Chun, Marcos Y. Yoshinaga, Carl A. Peters, Xiao-Lei Liu, Marcus Elvert, and Kai-Uwe Hinrichs. "Identification and significance of unsaturated archaeal tetraether lipids in marine sediments." Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 28 (April 3, 2014): 1144–52. https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.6887.

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RATIONALE: Studies of archaeal glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) in the environment and cultures have exclusively focused on compounds with fully saturated alkyl moieties. Here we report a number of novel unsaturated GDGTs (uns-GDGTs) whose alkyl chains contain up to six double bonds and zero to two cyclopentyl moieties. METHODS: The identification of these lipids was achieved via comparison of lipid distribution before and after hydrogenation, characteristic retention time patterns, and diagnostic ions using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS), and ether

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Sinninghe Damsté, Jaap S., W. Irene C. Rijpstra, Ellen C. Hopmans, et al. "Ether- and Ester-Boundiso-Diabolic Acid and Other Lipids in Members of Acidobacteria Subdivision 4." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80, no. 17 (2014): 5207–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01066-14.

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ABSTRACTRecently,iso-diabolic acid (13,16-dimethyl octacosanedioic acid) has been identified as a major membrane-spanning lipid of subdivisions 1 and 3 of theAcidobacteria, a highly diverse phylum within theBacteria. This finding pointed to theAcidobacteriaas a potential source for the bacterial glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers that occur ubiquitously in peat, soil, lakes, and hot springs. Here, we examined the lipid composition of seven phylogenetically divergent strains of subdivision 4 of theAcidobacteria, a bacterial group that is commonly encountered in soil. Acid hydrolysis of total

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Peterse, F., C. M. Moy, and T. I. Eglinton. "A laboratory experiment on the behaviour of soil-derived core and intact polar GDGTs in aquatic environments." Biogeosciences 12, no. 4 (2015): 933–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-933-2015.

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Abstract. We have performed incubation experiments in order to examine the behaviour of soil-derived branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (brGDGT) membrane lipids upon entering an aquatic environment and to evaluate the processes that potentially take place during their fluvial transport from land to sea. We incubated a soil from the Rakaia River catchment on the South Island of New Zealand using Rakaia River water and ocean water collected near the river mouth as inocula for a period of up to 152 days. The concentrations, as well as the relative distribution of brGDGTs derived from i

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Brandsma, J., E. C. Hopmans, C. J. M. Philippart, M. J. W. Veldhuis, S. Schouten, and J. S. Sinninghe Damsté. "Temporal variations in abundance and composition of intact polar lipids in North Sea coastal marine water." Biogeosciences Discussions 8, no. 5 (2011): 8895–923. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-8-8895-2011.

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Abstract. Temporal variations in the abundance and composition of intact polar lipids (IPLs) in North Sea coastal marine water were assessed over a one-year seasonal cycle, and compared with environmental parameters and the microbial community composition. Sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG) was the most abundant IPL class, followed by phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and diacylglyceryl-(N,N,N)-trimethylhomoserine (DGTS) in roughly equal concentrations, and smaller amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Although the total concentrations of these IPL classes varied substa

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Lengger, Sabine K., Mariska Kraaij, Rik Tjallingii, et al. "Differential degradation of intact polar and core glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether lipids upon post-depositional oxidation." Organic Geochemistry 65 (December 2013): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2013.10.004.

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Lengger, Sabine K., Ellen C. Hopmans, Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté, and Stefan Schouten. "Fossilization and degradation of archaeal intact polar tetraether lipids in deeply buried marine sediments (Peru Margin)." Geobiology 12, no. 3 (2014): 212–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gbi.12081.

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Bale, Nicole J., Ellen C. Hopmans, Petra L. Schoon, et al. "Impact of trophic state on the distribution of intact polar lipids in surface waters of lakes." Limnology and Oceanography 61, no. 3 (2016): 1065–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lno.10274.

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Saborido Basconcillo, Libia, Rahat Zaheer, Turlough M. Finan, and Brian E. McCarry. "Cyclopropane fatty acyl synthase in Sinorhizobium meliloti." Microbiology 155, no. 2 (2009): 373–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.022608-0.

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Cyclopropane fatty acyl synthases (CFA synthases) are enzymes that catalyse the addition of a methylene group across cis double bonds of monounsaturated fatty acyl chains in lipids. We have investigated the function of two putative genes, cfa1 and cfa2, proposed to code for CFA synthases in Sinorhizobium meliloti. Total fatty acid composition and fatty acid distributions within lipid classes for wild-type and cfa1 and cfa2 mutant strains grown under Pi starvation and in acidic culture conditions were obtained by GC/MS and by infusion ESI/MS/MS, respectively. For wild-type cells and the cfa1 mu

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Ingalls, Anitra E., Carme Huguet, and Laura T. Truxal. "Distribution of Intact and Core Membrane Lipids of Archaeal Glycerol Dialkyl Glycerol Tetraethers among Size-Fractionated Particulate Organic Matter in Hood Canal, Puget Sound." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, no. 5 (2012): 1480–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.07016-11.

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ABSTRACTThere is great interest in the membrane lipids of archaea (glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers [GDGTs]) as tracers of archaeal biomass because of their utility as paleoproxies and because of the biogeochemical importance of archaea. While core GDGTs (formed by hydrolysis of polar head groups of intact GDGTs after cell death) are appropriate for paleostudies, they have also been used to trace archaeal populations. Also, despite the small size (0.2 by 0.7 μm) of cultivated marine archaea, 0.7-μm glass-fiber filters (GFFs) are typically used to collect GDGTs from natural waters. We quan

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Kharbush, Jenan J., Andrew E. Allen, Ahmed Moustafa, Pieter C. Dorrestein, and Lihini I. Aluwihare. "Intact polar diacylglycerol biomarker lipids isolated from suspended particulate organic matter accumulating in an ultraoligotrophic water column." Organic Geochemistry 100 (October 2016): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2016.07.008.

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Rossel, Pamela E., Marcus Elvert, Alban Ramette, Antje Boetius, and Kai-Uwe Hinrichs. "Factors controlling the distribution of anaerobic methanotrophic communities in marine environments: Evidence from intact polar membrane lipids." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 75, no. 1 (2011): 164–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2010.09.031.

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Bianco, Mariachiara, Giovanni Ventura, Davide Coniglio, et al. "Development of a New Binary Matrix for the Comprehensive Analysis of Lipids and Pigments in Micro- and Macroalgae Using MALDI-ToF/ToF Mass Spectrometry." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 11 (2024): 5919. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25115919.

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While edible algae might seem low in fat, the lipids they contain are crucial for good health and preventing chronic diseases. This study introduces a binary matrix to analyze all the polar lipids in both macroalgae (Wakame—Undaria pinnatifida, Dulse—Palmaria palmata, and Nori—Porphyra spp.) and microalgae (Spirulina—Arthrospira platensis, and Chlorella—Chlorella vulgaris) using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). The key lies in a new dual matrix made by combining equimolar amounts of 1,5-diaminonaphthalene (DAN) and 9-aminoacridine (9AA). This combinatio

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Lengger, S. K., Y. A. Lipsewers, H. de Haas, J. S. Sinninghe Damsté, and S. Schouten. "Lack of <sup>13</sup>C-label incorporation suggests low turnover rates of thaumarchaeal intact polar tetraether lipids in sediments from the Iceland shelf." Biogeosciences 11, no. 2 (2014): 201–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-201-2014.

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Abstract. Thaumarchaeota are amongst the most abundant microorganisms in aquatic environments, however, their metabolism in marine sediments is still debated. Labeling studies in marine sediments have previously been undertaken, but focused on complex organic carbon substrates which Thaumarchaeota have not yet been shown to take up. In this study, we investigated the activity of Thaumarchaeota in sediments by supplying different 13C-labeled substrates which have previously been shown to be incorporated into archaeal cells in water incubations and/or enrichment cultures. We determined the incor

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