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Journal articles on the topic 'Intangible landscape'
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Pătru-Stupariu, Ileana, Marioara Pascu, and Matthias Bürgi. "Exploring Tangible and Intangible Heritage and its Resilience as a Basis to Understand the Cultural Landscapes of Saxon Communities in Southern Transylvania (Romania)." Sustainability 11, no. 11 (June 1, 2019): 3102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11113102.
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Landscape researchers tend to reduce the diversity of tangible heritage to physical aspects of cultural landscapes, from the wealth of intangible heritage they focus on land-use practices which have a direct and visible impact on the landscape. We suggest a comprehensive assessment of both tangible and intangible heritage, in order to more accurately assess the interconnection of local identity and the shaping of cultural landscapes. As an example, we looked at Saxon culture and cultural landscapes in southern Transylvania (Romania), where we assessed features of tangible and intangible cultural heritage, identified their resilience and the driving forces of their change. Our analysis, based on 74 interviews with residents in ten villages in southern Transylvania, showed a high resilience of tangible heritage and a low resilience of intangible heritage. A major factor responsible for changes in the Saxon heritage was a decline in the population at the end of the Cold War, due to migration, driven by political and economic factors. We conclude by discussing the specific merits of such an analysis for integrated landscape management.
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Alves, Susana. "Affordances of Historic Urban Landscapes: An Ecological Understanding of Human Interaction with the Past." European Spatial Research and Policy 21, no. 2 (January 27, 2015): 13–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/esrp-2015-0002.
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Heritage has been defined differently in European contexts. Despite differences, a common challenge for historic urban landscape management is the integration of tangible and intangible heritage. Integration demands an active view of perception and human-landscape interaction where intangible values are linked to specific places and meanings are attached to particular cultural practices and socio-spatial organisation. Tangible and intangible values can be examined as part of a system of affordances (potentialities) a place, artefact or cultural practice has to offer. This paper discusses how an ‘affordance analysis’ may serve as a useful tool for the management of historic urban landscapes.
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Venkatachary, Balaji, and Vishakha Kawathekar. "Understanding the Relationship between Component and Attribute of Cultural Landscapes: Case of Indian Music and Cultural Landscapes." Journal of Heritage Management 3, no. 1 (June 2018): 112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2455929618773390.
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The widely recognized definition of ‘Cultural Landscape’ in current practice is borrowed from UNESCO as Combined works of Nature and of Man.1 They are complex entities consisting of multiple layering of built-unbuilt components including intangible cultural aspects. These components are interrelated and interdependent. The landscape evolves together through combined natural and cultural processes. In current discourse and practice of heritage management, value-based assessment is a widely accepted approach. Evaluation of cultural landscapes for its Significance and Value is a complex process that requires an understanding of interwoven layers of components and attributes.2 Systematic understanding of such relationships between components and attributes is still in its infancy. Amongst various such identified intangible agencies, this study chooses to explore music. A study of secondary sources was undertaken. Cultural landscapes nominated as World Heritage Sites and identified Indian sites were systematically examined to understand various components and attributes. Using the indicators from this study and the theoretical framework of sociomusicology, a research design was prepared. Recognizing the historical association of music with the sites on the Kaveri river basin in peninsular India, a reconnaissance study was undertaken for onsite validation. Musical associations were spatially mapped for analysis and the findings are presented. Systematic understanding of the relationships between components of a cultural landscape and intangible cultural traditions is still in its infancy. The undertaken study is an exploratory work that focuses on understanding the relationship between components of a cultural landscape and ‘intangible attributes’, especially music. A study of secondary sources was undertaken in two parts. In the first part, concept of cultural landscape has been explored. Cultural landscapes nominated as World Heritage Sites were systematically examined to understand various components and attributes. The knowledge helped in formation of indicators for evaluation of cultural landscapes. In the second part of the study, selected case studies of Indian cultural landscapes were studies with the developed indicators. Musical traditions existing in these sites were theoretically reduced to basic components and mapped for analysis.
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Zahari, Ruzaini, Mohd Hisham Ariffin, and Noriah Othman. "Measuring Bourdieu Capitals of Landscape Architects In Malaysian Landscape Architecture Firms." MATEC Web of Conferences 266 (2019): 06002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926606002.
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Pierre Bourdieu (1986) introduced the concept of capitals as forms of intangible resources that individual use to advance their socio-economic status. Past relevant researches have not focused on all Bourdieu capitals. This study conceptualises the Bourdieu capitals to empirically determine the intangible resources of Malaysian leader landscape architects. The aim of this study is to determine the type of capitals of leader landscape architects in Malaysian landscape architecture firms. All landscape architecture firms (73 nos.) in the database of the Institute of Landscape Architects Malaysia were chosen for the survey. The firms were given the letter of invitation and questionnaires through the post. Thirty-nine firms responded to the invitation which resulted in 90 subordinates landscape architects and assistant landscape architects as respondents. The subordinates were asked to rate their leaders’ (landscape architects) capitals. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and factor analysis. Factor analysis findings generated 5 factors (capitals). The capitals are social, human, emotional, cultural and design authority. The study findings provide evidence of the validity of scales to measure the intangible resources of the leading landscape architects in Malaysian landscape architecture firms. It also suggests a new research perspective for the Trait Theory of Leadership by replacing the traits with Bourdieu’s forms of capitals.
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Liu, Jia Yi. "The Living Protection of Original Ecological Environment ― Display of Intangible Cultural Landscape Based on the Concept of Eco-Museum." Advanced Materials Research 1030-1032 (September 2014): 2420–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1030-1032.2420.
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Abstract. The rapid development of industrialization and urbanization brought about changes in the economic structure, forms of production and lifestyle, resulting in deterioration of the natural and human environment, as well as many intangible cultural landscape degradation. To display intangible cultural heritage landscape in the form of eco-museum aims to achieve harmony between man and nature and human environment. Eco-museum with community residents’ participation in live state display is the way to retain the cultural heritage, is a means of protecting intangible cultural heritage and tradition. In this paper, based on the concept of ecological museum theory and practice, the author makes an overview of the history of establishment of eco-museums in accordance with our national conditions, to avoid the homogenization of intangible cultural heritage display modes,and to improve the cultural landscape heterogeneity and retain historical memory of diverse cultures, to protect natural and cultural environment of the country.
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Petway, Joy R., Yu-Pin Lin, and Rainer F. Wunderlich. "A Place-Based Approach to Agricultural Nonmaterial Intangible Cultural Ecosystem Service Values." Sustainability 12, no. 2 (January 18, 2020): 699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12020699.
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Though agricultural landscape biodiversity and ecosystem service (ES) conservation is crucial to sustainability, agricultural land is often underrepresented in ES studies, while cultural ES associated with agricultural land is often limited to aesthetic and tourism recreation value only. This study mapped 7 nonmaterial-intangible cultural ES (NICE) valuations of 34 rural farmers in western Taiwan using the Social Values for Ecosystem Services (SolVES) methodology, to show the effect of farming practices on NICE valuations. However, rather than a direct causal relationship between the environmental characteristics that underpin ES, and respondents’ ES valuations, we found that environmental data is not explanatory enough for causality within a socio-ecological production landscape where one type of land cover type (a micro mosaic of agricultural land cover) predominates. To compensate, we used a place-based approach with Google Maps data to create context-specific data to inform our assessment of NICE valuations. Based on 338 mapped points of 7 NICE valuations distributed among 6 areas within the landscape, we compared 2 groups of farmers and found that farmers’ valuations about their landscape were better understood when accounting for both the landscape’s cultural places and environmental characteristics, rather than environmental characteristics alone. Further, farmers’ experience and knowledge influenced their NICE valuations such that farm areas were found to be sources of multiple NICE benefits demonstrating that farming practices may influence ES valuation in general.
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Zhou, Zhao, Jun Mei Zhang, Shu Hui Wang, Rui Chen, and Wen Wen Zhong. "Study on the Value Management of Forestry Intangible Assets in the Era of Knowledge Economy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 618 (August 2014): 583–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.618.583.
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In the era ofthe knowledge economy, the accounting priority has shifted from tangible assets to intangible assets. The knowledge economy-based intangible assets is gradually emerging as the main impetus for determining the forthcoming cash flow and market value. This paper takes the stocks listed in Shenzhen Securities Exchange as the study object, conducts empiricalstudy and analysis based on the sampling data, including 2008-2010 pershare intangible assets,per share returns, per share net assets after deducting intangible assets and share price,describes the disclosure of intangible assets of such listed companies as Jilin Forest Industry,Zhongfu Industrial, Yihua Timber Industry, Fenglin Group and Palm Landscape and inspects the value relevance of intangible assets. Accordingly, this paper proposes to consolidate the value management of intangible assets of the forestry enterprises and improve their core competítíveness.
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Ashraf Mohamed Talat Ibrahim, Ali, and Jūratė Kamičaitytė. "Impact of Displacement Phenomena on Landscape Identity: Application of Cultural Values Model." Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering 28, no. 1 (June 22, 2021): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.28.1.27675.
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The research attempted to discover the impact of displacement phenomena on the identity of landscape, by using Janet Stephenson’s Cultural Values Model to study and analyze cultural landscapes. The model was chosen due to its universality, simplicity and embodiment of the relational concept of landscape perception and evaluation. The result of landscape evaluation depends on the characteristics of both landscape and observer, as well as on the relation of the object and subject. In order to understand the complexity and diversity of landscape and its identity, these were analyzed through a ternary system, consisting of forms, practices, and relationships, i.e. what is seen, what is happening and what it means to those who see and use it. The research represents a feasible and pragmatic approach to understand the complexity of landscape and its identity, by tracing back their retrospective changes due to the impact of displacement phenomena – a shift of objects, behaviours or relationships. Through this theoretical and methodological model, multiple universal correlational patterns were developing, in which the three components encountering the displacement behave and interact with each other, leading to an ambiguous impact on landscape identity and the socio-cultural quality of the human living environment. By studying and time-tracking different landscape cases that experienced major displacements from around the world to one of landscape’s systemic components, the research results show some regular patterns in landscape identity changes, and how its structural tangible and intangible system performs and effects in creating, or destroying landscape identity, defying the limits of spatial and historical context.
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Zhao, Shenghuan. "Aural landscape as an intangible heritage in Chinese classical gardens." Studies in the History of Gardens & Designed Landscapes 37, no. 3 (January 9, 2017): 242–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14601176.2016.1268770.
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Aulet, Silvia, Lluis Mundet, and Dolors Vidal. "Monasteries and tourism: interpreting sacred landscape through gastronomy." Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa em Turismo 11, no. 1 (January 2, 2017): 175–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.7784/rbtur.v11i1.1221.
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This article analyses the role of monasteries as a sacred space and how their relationship with tourism depicts a landscape of 'good taste'. Monasteries are examples of both tangible and intangible heritage, and are highly symbolic built spaces that have often become the guardians of tradition. They are strongly embedded within a local cultural landscape, which has determined their historical evolution. Monasteries used to be self-sufficient communities that relied on the resources available in their local environment, e.g. they produced their own wine, which was essential for the celebration of the Eucharist; or they preserved food from their own produce. Gastronomy in monasteries can be a tool to improve tourists' visitor experience, in so far as it respects the values that these sacred spaces represent. This article explores the literature on monasteries as sacred spaces; the relationship between their tangible and intangible heritage attributes; and how monasteries and their heritage are linked to tourism. This is illustrated through examples from Spain.
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Martí, Pablo, and Clara García-Mayor. "The Huerta Agricultural Landscape in the Spanish Mediterranean Arc: One Landscape, Two Perspectives, Three Specific Huertas." Land 9, no. 11 (November 18, 2020): 460. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9110460.
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The Huerta is recognised as one of the 13 specific agricultural landscapes in Europe, present in only three Mediterranean countries, namely Spain, Italy, and Greece. In the case of Spain, three areas fall within the established Huerta agricultural classification: the Huertas de Valencia, Murcia, and Vega Baja. While all of them share common landscape features, each Huerta has distinguishing singularities which are approached through two perspectives: firstly, the structural tangible elements, related to functional networks—water distribution, pathways networks, settlement patterns, and the agricultural production system; and secondly, the role of the intangible components—connotations of the word Huerta, water management, canal and path upkeep rules, and the administration of these territories. The analysis of the tangible elements and intangible components in the three Spanish Huertas shows these territories as complex and balanced systems that have historically counterbalanced the environmental drawbacks in one of the most arid European regions. Despite being a highly appreciated environmental and productive asset, these Huertas are under intense pressure from urban development in highly urbanized metropolitan areas. This study shows Huertas’ uniqueness through their historical role in the territorial planning and management strategies at the local level, finally depicting Huertas as a present strategical opportunity for reaching environmental goals in peri-urban areas.
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Liang, Thow Yick. "The e-landscape: an unexplored goldmine of the new millennium." Human Systems Management 19, no. 4 (October 12, 2000): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/hsm-2000-19402.
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The Internet is an intangible cyberworld created by the human mind. Exploring and exploiting this e-landscape requires a totally redefined mindset. The fact that it exists in the mental realm also makes it a nonlinear system. In this respect, understanding both intangible and nonlinear dynamics is a requisite to the proper exploitation of e-commerce. The e-landscape is a new edge of chaos where order and disorder co-exist. It could be a goldmine for those who swiftly recognize structure in this highly disordered territory. The tremendous number of opportunities and uncertainties embedded in the submerged portion of this iceberg are still awaiting their explorers. Very likely existing strategies will have to be modified and new strategies will have to be used. This paper analyzes Singapore's e-commerce experience on the national basis with respect to this background.
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Ben Hilell, Keren, and Yael Allweil. "Infrastructure Development and Waterfront Transformations: Physical and Intangible Borders in Haifa Port City." Urban Planning 6, no. 3 (July 27, 2021): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v6i3.4198.
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Constructed on its natural bay as a fortified Muslim town in the late 18th century, Haifa’s port city transformed into a modern cosmopolitan port city in the second half of the 19th century. Significant technological, administrative, and social changes made Haifa into the transportation and economic hub of northern Palestine: Its harbor, the first in the region, became a gate to the east for commodities, pilgrimages, and ideas. British imperialism enlarged it with landfill areas and added an industrial function, constructing refineries and a connecting pipeline with Iraq. Haifa port served as the main entry port for immigration and goods for the newly founded Israeli state. Privatization and neo-liberalization transformed it from national port to international corporate hub, reshaping both port and city. Individual entrepreneurs, local governments, and imperial actions shaped and reshaped the landscape; perforating new access points, creating porous borders, and a new socioeconomic sphere.<strong> </strong>This process persisted through the Late Ottoman era, the British Mandate, and the Israeli state. From the first Ottoman landfills to the sizeable British harbor of 1933, the market economy led urban planning of Haifa’s waterfront and its adjacent railroad to the current Chinese petrol-harbor project. What were the city’s tangible and intangible borders? How did these changes, influenced by local and foreign agendas, unfold? Tapping into built-environment evidence; archival documents (architectural drawings, plans, maps, and photographs); and multidisciplinary academic literature to examine Haifa’s urban landscape transformation, this article studies the history of Haifa’s planned urban landscape—focusing on transformations to the port and waterfront to adjust to new technologies, capital markets, and political needs. We thus explore Haifa port history as a history of porosity and intangibility—rather than the accepted history of European modernization—building upon theoretical literature on global networks and urban form, regional dynamics of port cities, and tangible and intangible border landscapes.
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Vakhitova, Tatiana Vadimovna. "Rethinking conservation: managing cultural heritage as an inhabited cultural landscape." Built Environment Project and Asset Management 5, no. 2 (May 5, 2015): 217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bepam-12-2013-0069.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to suggest an approach to cultural heritage management as an inhabited cultural landscape in a context of urban planning. Design/methodology/approach – The paper provides a review of academic literature on the topic of cultural heritage conservation. Findings – This paper supports an approach to management of cultural heritage as a cultural landscape, defining it as a multivalent social phenomenon with tangible and intangible dimensions, spatial, and temporal scales. The cultural landscape approach continues the discourse on heritage values and emphasises the importance of recognition of social value and hence a wider stakeholder participation in the process of heritage management. This approach allows enhancing both intangible and tangible dimensions of cultural heritage and, therefore, encourages a more inclusive consideration of diverse cultural heritage values (encompassing social and environmental categories, e.g. well-being, health). Originality/value – The proposed cultural landscape approach to heritage management, as a culturally significant, inhabited, and changing landscape, enables a more comprehensive view on the interrelations of cultural heritage with other social and environmental categories and enhances the understanding of different values of cultural heritage. This approach could be particularly useful for strategic development at city planning level and in large construction or infrastructural projects.
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Wang, Lu Xi, and Ping Yao. "Analysis of the Landscape Space Evolution Characteristics in Sichuan Qijiang Historical Town." Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (May 2012): 2571–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.2571.
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The Qijiang historical town is a typical town of the settlement in central Sichuan, It's also the capital site of the ancient Qi country during the Spring and Autumn period. After thousands of years of evolution, it's still maintained a complete ancient space environment pattern now. The spatial form of historical town is simple and obvious, but the street space organization is in an orderly manner, yard surrounded close is flexible and ingenious, carrying an extremely rich intangible traditional culture and the historical heritage. Through to the summarizing and analyzing of the pace evolution characteristics of Qijiang historical towns, we can explore the historical landscape characteristics of the town and help to further study of the dependency relationship between material culture and intangible cultural in space environment. Especially to studying the formation and development of space of historical town and Qi Kingdom country. It's also can provide reference in protection and restoration of the historic, ecological and sustainable spatial forms of historical town .
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Langemeyer, Johannes, Fulvia Calcagni, and Francesc Baró. "Mapping the intangible: Using geolocated social media data to examine landscape aesthetics." Land Use Policy 77 (September 2018): 542–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.05.049.
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Naveh, Zev. "Ecosystem and Landscapes - A Critical Comparative Appraisal." Journal of Landscape Ecology 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 64–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10285-012-0024-1.
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Ecosystem and Landscapes - A Critical Comparative AppraisalEcosystems and landscapes are the two major spatial units for ecological research and practice, but their definitions and meanings are vague and ambiguous. Examining critically the meaning and complexity of both terms from a holistic landscape ecological systems view, the confusing applications of the ecosystem concept could be avoided by conceiving ecosystems as functional interacting systems, characterized for the flow of energy, matter and information between organisms and their abiotic environment. As functional systems they are intangible with vaguely defined borders. On the other hand, landscapes should be recognized as tangible, spatially and temporally well defined ecological systems of closely interwoven natural and cultural entities of the Total Human Ecosystem. Ranging from the smallest discernable landscape cell or ecotope to the global ecosphere, they serve as the spatial and functional matrix and living space for all organisms, including humans, their populations and their ecosystems. Both are medium-numbered complex ecological systems. However, the organized complexity of ecosystems is based solely on the monodimensional complexity of material processes of flow of energy/matter and biophysical information. But the organized complexity of landscapes is multidimensional and multifunctional, dealing not only with the functional dimensions of natural bio-ecological processes and the natural biophysical information, but also with the cognitive mental and perceptual dimensions, transmitted by cultural information and expressed in the closely interwoven natural and cultural landscape.
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Kopeć, Rafał. "The Determinants of the Israeli Strategic Culture." Review of Nationalities 6, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pn-2016-0008.
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Abstract The notion of strategic culture concentrates on intangible aspects that shape foreign and security policies of every state. The article presents the determinants of Israeli strategic culture considering both Israeli geopolitical situation, and the factors modeling its social landscape.
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Yang, C., F. Han, H. Wu, and Z. Chen. "HERITAGE LANDSCAPE INFORMATION MODEL (HLIM): TOWARDS A CONTEXTUALISED FRAMEWORK FOR DIGITAL LANDSCAPE CONSERVATION IN CHINA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W15 (August 26, 2019): 1221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w15-1221-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> With the repaid development of Building Information Modelling (BIM), many scholars began to explore the BIM-adaption in landscape field. Landscape Information Modelling (LIM) is the corresponding concept created and used in landscape architecture discipline. However, cultural landscape heritage, as a special cultural heritage category, have specific objectives, principles and methodologies in conservation and management. It is necessary to explore an integrated information framework to facilitate the digital management of cultural landscape information. The aim of this paper is to explore an integrated information framework, which I call a ‘Heritage Landscape Information Model (HLIM)’, to facilitate cultural landscape heritage practices in China. This research examined the Digital Scenic Area project as instrumental case studies to identify the main components for a HLIM. As the two major components of cultural landscape heritage, both the physical features and the non-physical landscapes experiences were identified in this paper. The large amount of intangible heritage aspects indicated the significant differences between a HLIM and a BIM. Accordingly, a conceptual framework to represent ‘cultural experiences’ was identified with certain categories of landscape features and attributes. In terms of technologies, firstly, this research revealed that virtual reality was the most prioritised tool used in the current landscape conservation practices in China. Secondly, the other required system includes landscape-monitoring tools and the automation office work. Lastly, a HLIM also needs to contain a special information platform for cultural and historical information. The components identified in this paper could potentially contribute to an integrated conceptual framework of HLIM in China. The conclusion identified several implications for technology development.</p>
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Cerreta, Maria, and Giuliano Poli. "A Complex Values Map of Marginal Urban Landscapes." International Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Information Systems 4, no. 3 (July 2013): 41–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijaeis.2013070103.
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The paper seeks to highlight how the character and values of marginal landscapes can be considered examples of the “third landscape” and how they can enable the mapping of tangible and intangible change (and its relative effects) through the selection of appropriate spatial indicators. A Dynamic Spatial Decision Support System was constructed to help identify the complex values characterizing a selected area in Naples’ marginal urban landscape. The System consists of a set of selected indicators that represent the area’s distinguishing characteristics with specific focus on its critical and potential factors. The formulation of spatial indicators helps identify the ecological, socio-economic and urban characteristics of the case-study area, along with their historic evolution over a specific time period. Time History Analysis (THA) enables the identification of permanent elements and transformations along with the relationships among the various urban landscape components over time. The synergistic interaction between the appropriately structured Geographic Information System (GIS) and the multi-criteria Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method help to generate a complex values map of the analyzed landscape to support the definition and location of strategic actions.
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Marques, Bruno, Jacqueline McIntosh, and Hannah Carson. "Whispering tales: using augmented reality to enhance cultural landscapes and Indigenous values." AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples 15, no. 3 (June 30, 2019): 193–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1177180119860266.
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Increasingly, our built and natural environments are becoming hybrids of real and digital entities where objects, buildings and landscapes are linked online in websites, blogs and texts. In the case of Aotearoa New Zealand, modern lifestyles have put Māori Indigenous oral narratives at risk of being lost in a world dominated by text and digital elements. Intangible values, transmitted orally from generation to generation, provide a sense of identity and community to Indigenous Māori as they relate and experience the land based on cultural, spiritual, emotion, physical and social values. Retaining the storytelling environment through the use of augmented reality, this article extends the biophysical attributes of landscape through embedded imagery and auditory information. By engaging with Ngāti Kahungunu ki Wairarapa, a design approach has been developed to illustrate narratives through different media, in a way that encourages a deeper and broader bicultural engagement with landscape.
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Aprile, Marcella. "Paesaggio, piano, progetto: problemi lessicali e altro." TERRITORIO, no. 60 (March 2012): 176–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/tr2012-060028.
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The notion of landscape and the techniques for landscape design must necessarily be based on two principal regulatory provisions, the European Landscape Convention and in Italy the law on cultural heritage and landscape. Consideration must also be given to what is meant by the term ‘landscape' in normal and specialist parlance and to the nature of the training of landscape architects, because it is from all this that the ambiguities and misunderstandings that surround the notion of landscape originate. Consideration must also be given to the relations between planning and real and local transformations, because the contents and procedures for the formulation of designs depend on them. Landscape design must in fact construct systems of complex relationships, attribute new iconographic and economic values to places, put together natural and artifi cial, mineral and vegetable, material and intangible, real and virtual elements together.
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Kosmii, М. "METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF INFLUENCE OF INTANGIBLE FACTORS ON THE SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF THE CITY." Municipal economy of cities 4, no. 157 (September 25, 2020): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2020-4-157-38-43.
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The article identifies the main intangible factors that are inherent in the process of transformation of the spatial structure of settlements. On the example of selected objects of the Carpathian region, the basic approaches to the transformation of existing spatial systems, their potential and prospects are demonstrated and defined. Intangible factors are defined as a set of norms, principles and rules of organization of space, which were formed historically in accordance with the needs of man, society, and focus on meeting intangible needs. Their influence on the spatial structure is realized in the form of legislative and regulatory requirements, political-administrative relations and property relations, as well as mental-ethical, historical-cultural, religious-spiritual and aesthetic factors. In this case, if the material is studied both at the theoretical and practical level, the impact of the intangible requires increased attention from theorists and practitioners of architectural and urban planning. Instead, transformation is a process of qualitative change in the space of the city, which is the result of a combination of tangible and intangible factors, and if there is a clear model of development, it can be directed towards achieving harmony. A detailed study of the impact of intangibles on the spatial organization of architectural and urban planning objects was carried out on the example of rural areas of the region, where there are spiritual and pilgrimage centers and historical and cultural centers. To substantiate the presented conclusions, an architectural and urban inventory of objects was carried out; structural surveys were conducted to identify the analyzed interactions; surveys of residents and visitors; project materials, etc. were found. It is substantiated that in some settlements (villages), in the presence of a high intangible component, there is a higher potential for development of the territory and, accordingly, opportunities for the transformation of their architectural space. Proximity to cities is a determining element in determining the level of readiness of selected objects for the transformation of their spatial structures. The key intangible factors of their development are aesthetic and religious-spiritual factors, which in turn contribute to the development of the material and are system-forming in determining the prospects for the development of spatial structures. The only obstacles that exist in the process of transformation of the spatial structure of these objects are political-administrative, legislative and regulatory factors and the lack of proper infrastructure. The lack of clear legal norms and political will makes it impossible to develop these territories, transfers them to the periphery of tourist routes. It is established that the intangible is a determining factor in the organization of a comfortable space for a person. Intangible components, such as spiritual centers (symbols, chapels) can be an element of landscape design and harmoniously complement aesthetic conditions. In rural areas, since the establishment of OTG, objective conditions have been created for the renovation of existing spatial zones and the formation of open public, cultural or educational space, which will be not only an element of branding, but also a source of investment. Keywords: intangible factors, spatial structure, transformation potential, settlements, Carpathian region.
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Yurkin, Igor N. "IVANOVSKY CHANNEL: EVOLUTION OF THE CULTURAL LANDSCAPE AND ITS TANGIBLE AND INTANGIBLE REFLECTIONS." Ural Historical Journal 67, no. 2 (2020): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2020-2(67)-78-88.
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Tsakiri, Efrossyni, Maria Markou, Konstantinos Moraitis, and Helene Haniotou. "Local development and cultural landscapes: getting to know the inaccessible villages of the greek war of independence." E3S Web of Conferences 274 (2021): 01033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127401033.
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The cultural landscapes have a dual, material and intangible nature being the result of interactions between people and nature through time. Considering that its understanding requires integrated analysis techniques we experimented a mapping method in «Revolutionary Palimpsests», a research project investigating the cultural landscapes of settlements that played an important role in the Greek War of Independence. Combining design, cartography and visual arts and focusing on socio-spatial complexities, our researchers produced maps of both artistic and informative nature revealing the mnemonic traces of such a historical event on those settlements. Maps’ exhibition in a visual art event is expected to sensitize the public to that local heritage. We argue that the protection and promotion of the cultural landscape plays a significant role in development, strengthening the local identity and commitment, also enhancing the attractiveness, that is essential especially for inaccessible settlements that are facing development deficiencies, such as many mountainous and island settlements in Greece. From about 150 mapped «revolutionary settlements» we will refer below to the example of two inaccessible areas, Souli in Epirus and Mani (Maina) in Peloponnese, exploring the question of whether the protection and promotion of their cultural landscape could contribute to development.
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Saif, Omar, Ruth Kansky, Anwar Palash, Martin Kidd, and Andrew T. Knight. "Costs of coexistence: understanding the drivers of tolerance towards Asian elephants Elephas maximus in rural Bangladesh." Oryx 54, no. 5 (March 19, 2019): 603–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605318001072.
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AbstractHabitat degradation and fragmentation have heightened the importance of understanding human tolerance towards wildlife, as the fate of wildlife in multi-use landscapes depends on people's capacity for coexistence. We applied the wildlife tolerance model to examine drivers of tolerance towards Asian elephants Elephas maximus in rural Bangladesh, interviewing local people in 17 villages. We used structural equation modelling to identify causal pathways in which elephant-related exposure, positive and negative interactions, costs and benefits (tangible and intangible) contributed to tolerance. Contrary to expectations, monetary costs were non-significant in shaping tolerance despite major impacts on livelihoods. Instead, intangible costs and intangible benefits were significant factors determining tolerance. Furthermore, reducing people's exposure to elephants would not necessarily affect tolerance, nor would increasing positive interactions. We discuss how the socio-economic and bio-cultural dynamics of local communities can explain these results, and demonstrate how our model can be used to incorporate such complexities into conservation decision-making. For instance, compensation schemes aim to recompense monetary losses and direct damages, to improve tolerance, whereas our results suggest a more effective approach would be to enhance resilience to non-monetary costs and improve perceived benefits. We conclude that future studies should pay increased attention to intangible costs and consider the less direct drivers of tolerance. Through repeated testing of universal models such as that presented here, broad trends may emerge that will facilitate the application of policies across contexts and landscapes.
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Gibbon, Sarah Jane, and James Moore. "Storyways: Visualising Saintly Impact in a North Atlantic Maritime Landscape." Open Archaeology 5, no. 1 (July 30, 2019): 235–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opar-2019-0016.
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AbstractThis paper presents a new methodological approach and theorising framework which visualises intangible landscapes. The Cult of Saint Magnus of Orkney (martyred c.AD1117 and canonised c.1135) is presented as a case study to demonstrate how spatial and temporal veneration can be explored in the landscape. The transferability of this methodology extends to any multi-source study where memories link to landscape features (past or present). St Magnus dedications, altars and church furnishings in Scandinavia and Britain demonstrate his international recognition, but aside from three Magnus dedicated churches, little is known of his veneration within Orkney. By using GIS to map archaeological, onomastic, folkloric, historic and hagiographic evidence of veneration we have visualised the impact of the Cult of Magnus since martyrdom to recent times for the first time. Furthermore, by visually differentiating between sources, we’ve distinguished the variability and variety of evidence, thus identifying concentrated pockets of veneration through time. Additionally, by linking evidence locations, we have identified ‘remembered’ routeways – storyways. In doing so, we have mapped the impact of Magnus as a saint, his value to particular communities and his continuing influence.
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Афанасьев, Олег, and Oleg Afanasiev. "MASTERPIECES OF THE ORAL AND INTANGIBLE HERITAGE OF HUMANITY: THE ROLE AND FUNCTION IN TOURISM." Service & Tourism: Current Challenges 10, no. 3 (September 13, 2016): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/21095.
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Currently, participation of objects of a particular country in different global rankings and in the attractions lists is a sym- bol of prestige and importance for state. But such lists play important role in the forming tourist flows. List of Master- pieces of the World Oral and Intangible Cultural Heritage is among them. It is drawn up under the auspices of UNESCO. The Russian Federation is not a participant of the relevant protection convention of this type of heritage. That is why its representation in the List is very low and does not correspond to the role and significance of the country’s culture in the global dimension. But even only two objects from the Intangible Heritage List, which are located in Russia, have significant potential for the forming tourist flows and tourist complexes development on their basis. It is proved by the experience of the involving these objects in tourism. The article describes three formats of transformation the intangible cultural heritage of the Russian Federation in the tour product: 1) a museum establishment; 2) a theme park; 3) the places of heritage existence in the real environment. Three forms of the intangible heritage presentation in the tourism industry are also highlighted. They suggest the possi- bility of visiting and acquaintance of tourists with the environment of existence, intangible heritage landscape, a certain type of culture in which it develops, and familiarity with the famous person – bearer and guardian of tradition. The article also identifies a number of threats for these objects themselves, which may be accompanied by involving of the intangible heritage in the tourism and hospitality industry. As the conclusions, the article proposes a number of urgent measures that are important to ensure the sustainability of tourism development based on places of existence of the intangible cultural heritage in Russia
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Kosmii, М. "PECULIARITIES OF INFLUENCE OF INTANGIBLE FACTORS ON ADMINISTRATIVE-TERRITORIAL CHANGE OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES." Municipal economy of cities 1, no. 154 (April 3, 2020): 204–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2020-1-154-204-210.
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At the present stage of development of territorial communities, the problem of their unification, including the change of administrative boundaries, has become a serious problem. The policy of dividing these boundaries is reflected in the perspective plan for the development of territorial communities, in particular relying on the material component without taking into account the intangible factor. This is quite clearly seen at the stage of formation of new ATGs and those conflict situations that arise in their formation. Administrative-territorial changes, although a manifestation of legal regulation, are a combination of material and intangible factors in the development of spatial systems. The material component manifests itself in the clear regulation of the boundaries, principles and methods of organization of united communities, as well as their powers in the urban sphere. Intangible (dominant) is manifested in the fact that members of the community have the right to determine the vector and specificity of development of the spatial structure of the city or settlement. The analysis of the law on decentralization shows that the lawmakers also put the intangible in its basis: the continuity of the territory of the ОTG; taking into account historical, natural, ethnic, cultural and other factors; the impossibility of reducing the quality and publicity of all services provided before the creation of the community The peculiarity of the transformation of the administrative-territorial structure and the process of forming the ОTG is that the center, as a rule, becomes the most developed settlement, including the city. Lastly, in this regard, it has high prospects for the development of an urbanized area, but this is possible only after overcoming a number of contradictions. It is possible to solve the latter by taking into account intangible factors, in particular property relations, which in the process of joining the city of the surrounding territories, offset the established principles of ownership and people's view of the surrounding space. Our surveys and their results prove that the agglomeration territory and the process of its formation are a consequence of socio-political processes, and the elements of the natural environment, form a new type of urban space, when the newly annexed territories are considered as recreation areas and satisfy the aesthetic and landscape preferences of residents. The latter are an intangible manifestation and, at the same time, a modern trend in the development of urbanized areas, where landscape and environmental issues are recognized as key needs of residents. In accordance with these needs, a transport network is formed and urban space is zoned. A new type of socio-economic, labor, cultural, and recreational ties is emerging. Keywords: intangible factors, spatial structure, urban system, city, united territorial communities, change of settlements.
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Shamsuddin, Shuhana, Ahmad Bashri Sulaiman, and Rohayah Che Amat. "Historic Urban Landscape and the Character of George Town, Penang UNESCO World Heritage Site." Asian Journal of Environment-Behaviour Studies 3, no. 9 (June 30, 2018): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/aje-bs.v3i9.297.
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The increasing intervention from high rise construction and new developments within the historic urban fabric are threatening the existing character and the Outstanding Universal Value of UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) World Heritage Site List. This paper propagates that through the identification of historic urban landscapes that influence the character of the George Town world heritage sites, we are able to understand the relationships between the landscape components and the importance of historic characters of the sites. The methodology of this paper is based on written descriptions and site visual observations. The outcome of this paper reveals the significance of tangible and intangible factors that influence the urban landscape character of the case study area.
Historic Urban Landscape; Character; World Heritage Site; Tangible and Tangible Factors
eISSN 2514-751X © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
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Ruiz Pulpón and Cañizares Ruiz. "Potential of Vineyard Landscapes for Sustainable Tourism." Geosciences 9, no. 11 (November 8, 2019): 472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9110472.
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According to the World Tourism Organization, sustainable tourism fosters the conservation of natural resources, respects the socio-cultural authenticity of host communities and ensures the maintenance of economic activities in the long term. With reference to these three areas, this article examines how vineyard landscapes, seen as one of the many resources of wine tourism, represent a potential for promoting forms of sustainable tourism, which be understood as tourism that assumes a balance between the environmental, economic and social determining factors behind a region. For this purpose, different theoretical and thematic approaches are used to highlight the importance of key issues, such as the status of the vineyard landscape as part of the conservation of natural resources in general and the elements linked to tangible and intangible heritage as part of the social authenticity of these landscapes. The results show how the strong cultural nature of vineyard landscapes, which are rich in heritage and aesthetics, guarantees their sustainability for tourist activity, provided that appropriate planning criteria are used.
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Pascu, Marioara, and Ileana Pătru-Stupariu. "The Assessment of the Authenticity and Conservation Status of Cultural Landscapes in Southern Transylvania (Romania)." Geographies 1, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geographies1010002.
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The vernacular architectural style is on the verge of disappearing in Transylvania because of the depopulation of the Saxon villages of German origin as a result of massive migration to Germany. The nomination of Hărman cultural property on the UNESCO list is part of an international legal framework, and the Convention on the Vernacular Architectural Heritage protects this architectonic style because it represents the expression of a community’s culture, as well as its relations with the territory and cultural diversity. The proposed area includes a 63.47 ha perimeter of the historic centre of Hărman, consisting of a compact group of 260 houses and the entire fortified Evangelical Church. A buffer zone of 290.09 ha is included alongside this area. Thus, we propose that Hărman be nominated for the Cultural Evolutive Landscape Category under cultural criteria ii, iii, and v. The assessment of the authenticity and conservation status of Hărman cultural property was carried out by applying the following criteria: form and design, materials and substances, use and functions, and location and positioning, which apply to the tangible features of the landscape. Furthermore, the evaluation of intangible heritage was achieved by applying the following criteria: traditions, techniques and management system, language and other forms of intangible heritage, spirit, and feelings.
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Branduini, P., R. Laviscio, A. L’Erario, and F. C. Toso. "MAPPING EVOLVING HISTORICAL LANDSCAPE SYSTEMS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W11 (May 4, 2019): 277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w11-277-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Landscape is not a sum of elements to be juxtaposed in a paper or a digital space. It is a complex system of relationships among components that have evolved over time. It is not a sum of material permanencies, more or less recognizable and placeable in space, but an interweaving of economic, social, religious and political meanings that link permanencies and give them value.</p><p>How to represent these relationships from existing geographic or historical databases? How can we illustrate the co-evolution between nature and culture that has given form to today’s landscape? And how to allow at the same time to update data and their relationships?</p><p>Through the comparison among examples taken from local participative experiences (ecomuseum community maps) and others directly managed and produced by the Authors (itinerary maps), the contribution reflects on these main critical issues: landscape representation problems, data collecting and updating, information sharing. The main results show that the data digitalization and georeferencing can help to illustrate and understand tangible and intangible characteristics of landscape and overcome the gaps from a sharing mapping procedure with a bottom-up approach and the point of view by the experts with a top-down approach. On the contrary, the digital representation of landscape data shows another set of problems that currently are mainly solved in traditional ways. The paper will also deal with these aspects.</p>
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Hussain, Mohd Amirul, Mohd Yazid Mohd Yunos, Nor Atiah Ismail, Nor Fazamimah Mohd Ariffin, and Sumarni Ismail. "A Review of the Elements of Nature and the Malay Cultural Landscape through Malay Literature." Sustainability 12, no. 6 (March 11, 2020): 2154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12062154.
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Research on the Malay cultural landscape in the Malay Archipelago is based on several factors, which include function, tradition, and the Malay culture. These factors are widely found in Malay literature, which plays a significant role in designing the landscape of Malay culture. Malay literature includes Old Malay manuscripts, Hikayat Melayu (Malay folktales), and Malay poetry, all of which are based on the beliefs, mindsets, and culture of the Malay community. These are demonstrated in a tangible or intangible manner through the environment of the traditional Malay lifestyle, inherent in Malay life values and in the symbolism of places. This review employed a document analysis to identify the elements and components of the Malay cultural landscape and its metaphorical aspects, as reflected in the aforementioned four types of Malay literature. Moreover, this review obtained information on the elements of the Malay cultural landscape that determine and explain the nature, function, and similarity of these aspects through symbolism in the landscape and culture of the Malays in Malaysia. Indirectly, this review proved the long existence of a systematic Malay cultural landscape throughout the Malay Archipelago that remains essential for future cultural sustainability. Finally, elements of the Malay landscape were identified, which could be applied as guidelines for designers in outlining a Malay cultural landscape.
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Kyriakidis, Evangelos. "BORDERS AND TERRITORIES: THE BORDERS OF CLASSICAL TYLISSOS." Cambridge Classical Journal 58 (November 26, 2012): 115–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1750270512000097.
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A few lines of a famous fifth-century treaty inscription between Argos, Tylissos and Knossos are the focus of this study which attempts to reconstruct the border between Tylissos and Knossos in the Classical period. Borders are important intangible features inscribed on the landscape, separating or uniting people. The two Classical states had a long history as neighbouring states, and the comparison between the Classical border and the projected borders of other periods is of particular interest.
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Moreno-Kamińska, Natalie. "Experience of the cultural route in the space of the tourist landscape." Polish Journal of Landscape Studies 3, no. 6 (October 9, 2020): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pls.2020.6.4.
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Cultural routes present the values or elements of cultural heritage. They have been permanently inscribed in the landscape of Poland and Europe, thanks to their potential, in the context of historical memory, protection of tangible and intangible heritage, education, and tourism. They are tools for popularizing and bringing out the ethos and identity of the inhabitants. In the context of the development of cultural tourism and the introduction of new trails to the tourist landscape, it is worth considering the role of the experiences acquired by travelers through overcoming the subsequent stages of the cultural route. Participation in activities prepared by trail organizers plays an important role in enabling visitors and natives to learn about the heritage of a given area or to take root in the traditions of a region or nation. The analysis is based on research concerning the tourist landscape, cultural routes, and the author’s own experiences.
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Zakaria, Ahmad Zamil, Mohd Sabrizaa Abd Rashid, and Syazwani Ahmad. "Hard Landscape Trend Analysis: A Case Study at Perak Tengah District." Social and Management Research Journal 13, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/smrj.v13i2.5265.
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Hard landscape as known is made up of man made materials found in gardens or in house compounds. At the moment it is difficult to obtain accurate information on the existence of hard landscape in the compound of Malay community houses. This is due to the hard landscape of the Malay community which is not very significant (intangible factors) compared to soft landscape elements which are more prominent (tangible factors). The aim of this study was to identify the needs and functions of each hard landscape elements in the Perak Malay landscape. The objective of this study was to determine the elements of traditional hard landscape and its use in the present. As a conceptual framework, this study will focus on the results of previous research findings that are relevant to the “user preference” of hard landscape elements used by the Malay community. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used to obtain information for this study. Case studies include the Malay traditional house in the Perak Tengah District. Researchers expect the study to be a benchmark for the survey in other districts in Perak. The results of this study concluded that the hard landscape element that is used by the Malay community is not the same as used by other communities in the world. Differences have made the study more interesting, and this information can be used by other researchers in the future.
Keywords: Perak Malay garden, Malay landscape, Malay garden concept, Malay, cultural landscape
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Shakina, Elena A., Mariya A. Molodchik, and Petr A. Parshakov. "Intangible-driven performance: Two decades searching for the Philosopher's Stone." Russian Management Journal 18, no. 3 (2020): 433–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu18.2020.307.
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The study offers a structural literature review on the twenty years the evolution of the fast-growing research topic of intellectual capital (IC) and intangible-driven performance. Despite a rather short independent history, the IC concept has undergone a substantial transformation, bringing to the discussion vast empirical and methodological literature. Several endeavors carrying out literature review studies could only partially satisfy the needs of the systematization of the relevant research. Hence, there is still a large room for such kind of analysis due to the increasing number of new papers published in the area and puzzle of IC-related sophistications. To draw a holistic picture of the landscape of IC and associated corporate performance, this study departures from the mixed research methodology embracing elements of machine-learning tools and in-depth qualitative interpretation of obtained results and critical discussion of the most influential studies in the field. Our findings demonstrate that four professional outlets selected for the examination have generated four relatively isolated research topics: “Human capital and performance”, “Knowledge sharing, organizational learning: processes that drive performance”, “IC and knowledge management for business performance”, “Measurement, disclosure of IC and knowledge for business performance”. All these research lines are welcomed by all leading journals in the field, having high potential to create a dense flow of conceptual and empirical contributions and practical value for a knowledge-intensive business.
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Kosecki, Krzysztof. "The “Cultural Landscape” of Australia in Bush Ballads: Slim Dusty’s Aussie Sing Song." Australia, no. 28/3 (January 15, 2019): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7311/0860-5734.28.3.03.
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The concept of the “cultural landscape” designates tangible and intangible elements of human activity, such as the natural environment, material culture, values, behaviours, and language (Taylor 2008, 6; Taylor and Lennon 2011, 538–540; Wierzbicka 1997, 201). These themes are all present in Australian bush ballads – a literary and folk genre that reflects the country’s unique heritage and way of life in simple artistic forms. Slim Dusty’s Aussie Sing Song (1962) – a representative selection of ballads – depicts Australia’s fauna and flora, the Aborigines, the beginnings of European settlement, the economy, the Great Outback, and the social role of drinking beer. The popular texts contain condensed and vivid images of the country’s culture.
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Ratajski, Sławomir. "IDEE I ZAŁOŻENIA KONWENCJI O OCHRONIE DZIEDZICTWA KULTURALNEGO I NATURALNEGO I ICH REALIZACJA W POLSCE Z PERSPEKTYWY POLSKIEGO KOMITETU DO SPRAW UNESCO." Protection of Cultural Heritage, no. 4 (November 29, 2017): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24358/odk_2017_04_11.
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Over the years, the implementation of the Convention in Poland has revealed a number of issues related to protection of heritage in line with the patterns worked out at the UNESCO forum, and resulting from the incomplete adaptation of our legal system for the protection of historic monuments and sites, insufficient public awareness and the difficulty of incorporating historical sites into modern economic development strategies. The Polish UNESCO Committee addressed the above issues with a series of papers accompanying conferences participated in by a wide range of experts, decision-makers and local government activists at various levels. Observations concerning the application of the 1972 Convention, in particular with regard to legal protection of the world heritage sites in Poland, and the need to implement the 2003 Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage, and the 2011 UNESCO Recommendations on the Historical Urban Landscape, have convinced the Committee to review Polish legislation in terms of protection of heritage from the perspective of the UNESCO normative acts ratified by Poland. In 2014, we published a study on “Why and how to protect the cultural heritage ina modern way,” edited by the then-Chairman of the Polish UNESCO Committee, profesor Andrzej Rottermund. The paper presented a wide range of conditions for application of the existing legal provisions and expected changes, provided by various institutions and experts in the field of protection of tangible and intangible heritage and respect for cultural diversity. The need to developa new comprehensive law regulating protection of cultural heritage in Poland and taking into account the provisions of the UNESCO Convention was emphasised. What is particularly grave in application of the principles of the 1972 Convention is the lack of appropriate tools for managing world heritage sites. This includes, in particular: lack of legislation that would effectively protect the borderlines of the properties being inscribed and their buffer zones, view corridors and panoramas of sites of great historical significance. The lack of proper inclusion of local communities in the heritage management processes is a significant issue, according to the message of the 2005 Faro Council of Europe Framework Convention on the Value of Cultural Heritage for Society.Article entitled “The Social Dimension of the Cultural and Natural Landscape”, issued in 2015, discusses issues concerning immediate vicinity of properties of great historical significance. It is stated that landscape is an integral entity consisting of natural elements and cultural heritage, which is understood as both tangible and intangible heritage. Consideration should be given to how notions occurring at the UNESCO forum evolved. Particular attention should be also paid to shifting from the concept of a historic monument to the concept of heritage, and the concept of historic monument protection to the concept of heritage management. It is also important to take into account the need for sustainable protection of the natural and cultural values of landscapes, both urban and rural.
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Oszmiańska-Pagett, Aleksandra. "Escape from the Museum of Ethnography: the Right to Culture as the Core of the ECRML." Investigationes Linguisticae, no. 42 (June 3, 2019): 58–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/il.2018.42.5.
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The aim of this article is to explain the various aspects of the right to culture within the obligations contained in the ECRML. The presentation discusses the issues of cultural products, institutions, participation, linguistic landscape and intangible heritage. Consequently it is clear that the cultural dimension is present across various domains of public life covered by the Charter because its fundamental objective is to foster minority culture as part of life of a community, rather than just an aspect of folklore to be displayed in a museum.
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Moya, Ana. "The urban landscape heritage as a social participative and artistic construct. The case study of Mouraria in Lisbon." Cem, no. 11 (2020): 199–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.21747/2182109711/cema12.
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Migrations, mass tourism, and international real estate investments are causing irreversi‑ ble effects on the genuine identity evolution of Mouraria’s urban landscape heritage. This research analyses the emotional and multisensorial responses to the urban space of Mouraria’s residents using the methodology of three pedagogical-artistic laboratories. We enquire how this multicultural community is involved in the creation of an active and predicative experience of space through artistic activities. This community-based research reaffirms the understanding of the urban heritage in its intangible dimension as a social participative construct, in a constant process of identity reformulation, reinvention, and artistic creation
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Niglio, Olimpia, and Noriko Inoue. "Urban landscape of Okazaki in Kyoto." VITRUVIO - International Journal of Architectural Technology and Sustainability, no. 1 (December 29, 2015): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/vitruvio-ijats.2015.4472.
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<p>Kyoto has been the capital of Japan from 794 until when the capital has moved in 1868 to Tokyo with the end of Tokugawa Shoguns and the beginning of the Meiji Restoration. The loss of the seat of government was a shock to citizens of Kyoto as the city had been the Imperial and Cultural center of the nation for over 1.000 years. The combination of the court and the great temples had enlivened and enriched the life of the city. At the beginning of the founding of the capital, in the Heian period (794-1185) to east of Kyoto, was built a noble and religious place. This area is Okazaki. Here the Emperor Kammu (736-805) had created the city of Heian-kyo (Kyoto) in 794. This area was full of Temples and Shrines. Only in the Edo period (1603-1867) Okazaki area assumed the role of suburban agricultural zone which provided the food production to the urban habitants. But after the Meiji Restoration (1868-1912), the role of Okazaki area changes completely. In 1885, Kyoto prefecture started the great public canalization project as the water supply between Kyoto and Otsu of Shiga prefecture. Kyoto prefecture also planed the industrial district construction in Okazaki area. From the late nineteenth century Okazaki area became a symbol of the modernization of Kyoto city. This contribution intends to analyze the urban landscape composed of the different styles of architecture especially constructed after the Meiji period (1868-1912). Tangible and intangible signs remained as modern gardens, significant museums and cultural institutions among the ancient temples provide opportunities to reflect on the important role of suburban area of the historic city. These studies are supported by archival documents and by current measures and policies for landscape conservation by Kyoto Municipality.</p>
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Potdar, Komal, Nimmy Namrata, and Anam Sami. "Nature, Culture and Humans: Patterns and Effects of Urbanization in Lesser Himalayan Mountainous Historic Urban Landscape of Chamba, India." Journal of Heritage Management 2, no. 2 (December 2017): 169–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2455929617736395.
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Historic urban landscapes are bio-physical imprints of past generation’s activities as well as a matrix for those of current and future generations. Pressures of economic development, while benefitting modernization, have led to loss of traditional practices in cultural landscapes, which reflected customs, values and belief systems of communities. This article explores alternative ways of seeing historic cities particularly with respect to the historic urban landscape paradigm. Chamba town, Himachal Pradesh, a pilgrim centre, market town and historic capital of the Chamba region, recently celebrated the millennium of its establishment. This historic town has distinctive location and is characterized by exceptional cultural and natural resources, landforms, bio-diversity and intangible cultural heritage. With a current population of 25,000, it is growing as a major town centre and pushing the boundaries of town limits and residential areas. Unregulated new development which is not designed for earthquake resistance, absence of delineation of ecologically sensitive zones, marginalization of traditional knowledge and aspirations of the primary custodians have resulted in fragile state of being, both naturally and culturally, and have altered the traditional regime of this historic town. This article examines the fragile relation between humans, nature and culture of Chamba and need for sustainable planning and management system for heritage resources within mountainous regions, with responsiveness to constraints and challenges. The authors reflect upon economic shifts, cultural transformations and infrastructure development, which adapt traditional knowledge designs to address urban needs for historic urban landscapes.
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Herasymenko, I., and S. Maksymov. "PROBLEMATIC ISSUES OF CULTURAL HERITAGE VALUATION OF MONUMENTS." Criminalistics and Forensics, no. 65 (May 18, 2020): 477–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2020.65.47.
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The article analyzes the current state of the regulatory framework governing the valuation of cultural monuments, in particular, the Monetary Valuation of Monuments approved by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated September 26, 2002 No. 1447. The classification of conservation categories by a monument (national and local significance) and types of monuments (archeology, history, monumental art, architecture and urban planning, landscape gardening art, historical landscape, science and technology) is given. The main problem in determining the value of monuments is to take into account not only the material factors of the monuments and its degree of wear, but also the consideration of its intangible factors, such as its historical, social, artistic value, the presence of objects of decorative art. That is, the cost of buildings-monuments of cultural heritage is formed: – due to the cost of the material “carrier” (land with improvements in the form of buildings, structures, small forms, etc.); – due to the value of the contribution of the intangible asset to the carrier. The article also describes the main problems that arise when assessing such objects (the presence of a monument’s status, the lack of an information base on market transactions, high operating costs, the need for restoration work, and high investment risks). The factors raising and lowering the value of a cultural heritage monument are characterized. Based on the analysis of the current regulatory framework, it was decided to develop practical recommendations for determining the value of real estate – monuments of architecture and urban planning, in particular built-in premises.
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Stober, Dina, Ivana Brkanić, and Lucija Lončar. "The preferences of residents and tourists for culturaland architectural heritage in a rural landscape:The case of Zlatna Greda, Croatia." Moravian Geographical Reports 26, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 285–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mgr-2018-0023.
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Abstract Rural areas of the Republic of Croatia are experiencing abandonment, which is especially intensive in the eastern part of the country. This paper aims to provide insights into places with specific spatial and functional characteristics, pustara settlements, within the rural landscape of the Baranja region, presenting their cultural and architectural heritage that needs comprehensive protection and conversion. The redevelopment potential, as well as the negative significance of abandonment of these sites, indicates the need for identifying the characteristics of these settlements: the tangible value of its built facilities and open spaces, its movable cultural heritage, as well as its intangible values. The main objectives were to determine desirable tangible and intangible pustara values by investigating place attachment among former pustara residents, and to provide information on domestic tourists’ preferences in visiting these settlements. The results indicate a common preference among former pustara residents and tourists for its architectural heritage: e.g. its settlement as a spatial unit and its parks. Additionally, tourists expressed preferences for recreational and entertainment facilities. Common interests, as well as highly expressed needs among former inhabitants and tourists, present the basis for establishing new functions and redevelopment plans.
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Repola, L., J. Leidwanger, and E. S. Greene. "DIGITAL MODELS FOR THE ANALYSIS AND ENHANCEMENT OF HYBRID SPACES: ARCHITECTURE OF THE MATTANZA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-M-1-2020 (July 24, 2020): 443–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-m-1-2020-443-2020.
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Abstract. Project ‘U Mari examines the long-term relationship between the sea, coast, and local peoples through the various lenses of maritime mobilities, interactions, and livelihoods along the shore of southeast Sicily, specifically between the Vendicari Reserve and Capo Passero. With an eye toward valorizing the ‘mattanza’ as intangible cultural heritage, our work focuses on the rich material remains of this distinctive Mediterranean form of bluefin tuna trap fishing, using 3D recording and visualization of its associated objects, spaces, and landscapes to relate vivid diachronic stories for the public. Our methodology integrates archaeological survey of the landscape, architecture, and social practices of tuna fishing that act as a bridge between ancient, early modern, and contemporary livelihoods. Through comprehensive digitization, we generate interoperable and parametric models aimed not only at the recording and restoration of objects and spaces, but also – in combination with interviews and archival work – at the valorization and revitalization of traditional practice within contemporary socioeconomic contexts. Through these digital methods, Project ‘U Mari seeks to engage the public with a deeper understanding of historical maritime lifeways using exhibition, virtual environments, and revived traditions. Such an approach can encourage environmentally sound fishing practices that draw on local knowledge and yield local economic benefits and responsible tourism. In this way, the historic and archaeological past offers the opportunity to create a new common language for understanding and communicating the architectural evidence of local traditions, history, and livelihoods in this rich maritime landscape.
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Shen, Jing, Feng-Tzu Huang, and Rung-Jiun Chou. "Agricultural-Heritage-Oriented Rural Revitalization: Experiences from the Ancient Tea Town of Xiping." Land 10, no. 9 (September 3, 2021): 927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10090927.
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The Anxi Tieguanyin Tea Culture System, as the proposed location of a globally important agricultural heritage system (GIAHS), has demonstrated the great significance of a network of heritage settlements and landscapes and supported rural revitalization and the participation and empowerment of women, based on agricultural heritage. Through fieldwork, participant observation, and in-depth interviews, this study attempts to analyze the experience of rural revitalization in Xiping. Firstly, the unique cultural heritage found within the agricultural landscape, formed by the multi-party linkage and dynamic adaptation of the surrounding natural environment by local residents, has shaped the Anxi Tieguanyin tea culture system of Xiping. Secondly, local residents actively participate in tea competitions and tea associations, so that the implementation process of agricultural cultural heritage preservation and development can be from the perspective of a shared experience. Thirdly, intangible cultural heritage features, such as the Female Tea Master Training Institute, have played a vital role in the development of tea towns and have proved conducive to women’s participation and empowerment. The results show that the agricultural heritage of the area, based on the Tea Manor and its multi-functional resources, has helped Xiping to move toward a more sustainable future, while eventually supporting a local society with a more distinctive rural landscape of which people can be proud. This system meets the need for local socio-economic and cultural development, and the promotion of the sustainable development of the entire region.
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Wen, Bin, and Jon Bryan Burley. "Expert Opinion Dimensions of Rural Landscape Quality in Xiangxi, Hunan, China: Principal Component Analysis and Factor Analysis." Sustainability 12, no. 4 (February 11, 2020): 1316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041316.
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Scholars and planning/design professionals are interested in the quantitative, metric properties influencing the quality and assessment of rural landscape space. These metrics are important for guiding rural planning, design, and construction of cultural rural environments. Respondents and metrics from four sampled villages (Qixin, Hangsha, Yanpai Xi, and Lvdong) in the Xiangxi District of Hunan Province in China were examined, employing statistical principal component analysis and factor analysis methods to understand the identifying properties concerning planning and design features of these rural mountain village landscape spaces. The two approaches reveal different aspects from the same variables. Through factor analysis and rotation, four general dimensions were revealed explaining approximately 62% of the variance: a settlement and environmental axis, an intangible culture axis, a productive landscape axis, and a transportation and public space axis, supporting the standing notion that the variables were ordinated across four dimensions in these mountain villages and occupied an elliptical plane that was different than the predicted space occupied by nearby cites. In contrast, principal component analysis revealed that the variables could be grouped into one latent dimension explaining 48% of the variance and revealing an alternative interpretation and spatial plot of the sites.
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Krnáčová, Zdena, Peter Barančok, Katarína Pavličková, and Alexandra Platková-Demčáková. "Comparison of Methodological Approaches for the Evaluation of Ecosystem Services for Options to Develop Sustainable Tourism Forms (Ecotourism) (Example: Bratislava IV)." Ekológia (Bratislava) 40, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 189–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eko-2021-0021.
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Abstract Ecosystem services are the benefits provided to human society by natural ecosystems, which are generally understood as the ecosystem processes that sustain human life. In particular, an ecosystem’s cultural services include intangible benefits derived from aesthetic and other experiences, recreation, cognition and spiritual enrichment, and the ability to discern values. The study focuses on the comparison of two methodological approaches to the evaluation of landscape and the benefits of ecosystems for the development of ecological forms of tourism, using Bratislava IV as an example. The basis for database information is the processing of secondary landscape structure. The first methodological approach is based on a detailed mapping of land cover classes (Land Cover) in accordance with the legend of the Technical Guide CORINE Land Cover – supplement at the fourth and fifth levels of mapping in 2014‒2018 and determining the degree of landscape-ecological significance. The second approach is based on creating a set of relevant indicators and their evaluation using the scaling and weighting method. We reached the conclusion that the first methodological approach is more suitable for smaller territories at the cadastral level, while the second is better suited for regional-level territories.