Academic literature on the topic 'Intangible references'

Based on the protection and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage crafts, this paper takes Dongyang bamboo weaving as an example,introduces Virtual Reality (VR), 3D digital programming and other new digital technologies to the protection and inheritance of bamboo weaving crafts. From the three following aspects: experience, application and infection, this paper summarizes the digital protection and inheritance methods and processes of intangible cultural heritage, finds out the meeting point with the modern consumer market, and makes the cultural heritage "live" in the present and into the future.It helps to better understand the traditional crafts, promote the inheritance and development of bamboo weaving crafts and provide references for the protection and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage.

Heritage education can enable social empowerment. Within the broader goal of social empowerment, a current challenge is to establish principles that promote social participation in traditional education. The practice of protecting intangible cultural heritage in China has developed its own unique working model based on the basic theoretical level of UNESCO. This research used cultural citizenship as a theoretical guide, focused on the traditional embroidery craftsmanship of China’s intangible cultural heritage, and conducted exploratory research on the learning intention and value influence indicators of citizens participating in intangible cultural heritage. The research design of this study was divided into two phases: the first phase was designed to collect evaluation indicators that affect the learning of intangible cultural heritage skills, and to support these data using semi-structured in-depth interviews. In the second phase, the convergence of the value indicators that affect the learning of intangible cultural heritage techniques was completed using questionnaire surveys and statistical analyses. Factor analysis was performed using SPSS software. SEM (structural equation modeling) confirmatory analysis was performed using Amos software. Through a two-stage hybrid study, a value recognition scale for the informal educational inheritance of intangible cultural heritage handicrafts was obtained within the local context of China. The scale contains four first-level indicators (ICH’s authenticity, cultural identity, performed value, and social recognition) and 17 second-level indicators. The research results were based on UNESCO’s education indicators for SDG 4, and put forward principles for practices aimed at protecting China’s intangible cultural heritage’s local informal education. Reflecting on the Chinese tradition of citizen participation in protecting intangible cultural heritage could provide references for the practice of intangible cultural heritage protection in other fields and regions. This is consistent with the UN’s SDG 4.7 (ensure all learners acquire knowledge and skills needed to promote sustainable development).

The article analyses cultural policies for Intangible cultural heritage (ICH) using the example of some European countries, State Parties of the UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. In particular, the special attention is paid to measures and programmes related to research, safeguarding, ICH promotion, knowledge transfer and education. One can find here references to master and bachelor programmes and courses in France and Italy along with mention about special research and educational initiatives in European countries, like Osmose and WikiPatrimoine in France, special courses on ethnology and anthropology in Italian universities, etc. Another important issue is the practice of inventorying and documentation on different levels, national and regional or local. The article analyses the inventorying systems in Spain, France and Italy, responsible and/or supporting organizations, objectives and results. The proposed review certificates that the safeguarding of the intangible cultural heritage has become not only the important direction but an integral, and often a critical, part of cultural policies of the majority of state parties of the UNESCO Convention 2003.

This study presents a new interpretation of tithe references in Scripture. It departs from the conventional view that the tithe is merely a tax levied on the people. Rather it sees the tithe as a partnership or compact with God in which tangible goods are exchanged for intangible ones. Taking the Pentateuch in its entirety as our contextreveals the tithe to bepart of a pattern of reciprocities in which goods are exchanged for divine acceptance, protection, and blessing.

Purpose – Different from general goods, games are intangible. Games of limited-amount version are much more expensive. However, the value of games cannot be actually validated, while buyers purchase the intangible goods. This study, therefore, aims to empirically clarify the impact of product scarcity and uniqueness in buyers' purchase of games of limited-amount version. Design/methodology/approach – Based on literature review, the survey method was conducted. Data of 204 respondents who recently bought games of limited-amount version were gathered and analyzed with partial least square. Findings – The results showed that perceived quality and perceived uniqueness, significantly increased by product scarcity, was shown of significant positive impact on perceived value which significantly enhanced purchase intention. Research limitations/implications – The results indicated the importance of high quality and the reflection of uniqueness in buyers' purchase of games of limited-amount version. The results also validated the effect of scarcity on intangible goods. Practically, the results facilitated strategic operation and marketing of game producers and suppliers in designing and marketing game software. The results also facilitated further theoretical development of goods scarcity. Originality/value – Nowadays, product scarcity has been an important operation and marketing strategy to enterprises. Games are an industry of growing importance. However, the impact of scarcity in buyers' purchase of games of limited-amount version was still limited. The results validated the importance of scarcity and perceived uniqueness in intangible game goods purchase behavior. The validation of this study can provide references for strategic operation and marketing of the game industry.

This essay takes up the question of transmission in the context of politics and projects of memory from the last decade. I have dubbed this period “the decade of memory, of remembrance”. The first decade of the 21st century saw an exponential growth in digital platforms, focused on catastrophes and conflicts in the previous century as well as more recent events. Public, academic, and institutional initiatives were accompanied by a public and private support to recover the memory of the past in Spain and Europe. This recovery effort placed intangible heritage, and memory at the centre of contemporary historical efforts. Our work and references are analysed from the projects of the European Observatory on Memories (EUROM) criteria, objectives but also technical tools.

The presented work argues for the role of the intertextual approach for the implementation of a full-fledged literature education discourse in sixth grade. The enrichement of the new literature curriculum implemented in 2017-2018 and the competencies (socio-cultural, literary and communicative)presented in it together with the expected results, represents the objective prerequisites for detecting / searching for intertextuality, respectively, for highlighting the meaningful potential of intertextuality. The exemplary intertextual references are a vivid illustration of the "bridges" built (According to N. Georgiev) between the literary and classical texts studied in the sixth grade.

The starting point of this paper is the fact that multicriteria decision-making systems have not had the greatest impact on cultural studies, and few researchers have addressed this problem. The paper focuses on the analysis of the main object of an ongoing Doctoral thesis. More specifically, it examines the proposal of a new multicriteria evaluation based on a decision-making method. The paper intends to relate culture with multicriteria decision-making methods. This systematic review provides the direct analysis and assessment of the existing bibliographic references, and addresses a gap of knowledge in the intangible research field, identifying trends in the broader cultural heritage sector. The two basic principles of the paper are the recording and the evaluation of the cultural significance of the intangible and tangible heritage assets of a place. More specifically, the paper seeks to address a new scientific tool that initially records and—in the process—evaluates, using quantitative and qualitative criteria, specific cultural assets. Moreover, the paper outlines a new approach to the calibration—from optimal to worse—of the heritage of a place according to its significance. The purpose of the record and the evaluation is to create a ranking list of the most culturally significant tangible and intangible asset of places, in order to manage them. The design of the multicriteria method is based on a system that can be constantly updated diachronically, and can be fulfilled with new cultural assets and then re-evaluated. The explanation of the system is given through a step-by-step guide to the data analysis process, ensuring that the system has elements that are easy to access, to understand, and to use by each state actor (institution, individual, company, etc.).

This article examines the extent to which legislators use legislative debates to engage in localism activities to cater to the interests of their selectorate in nonpreferential electoral systems. We define localism activities as the delivery of tangible and intangible benefits to a geographically confined constituency that is instrumental to legislators’ re-selection. Our primary argument is that legislators whose selectorate operates at the local level make more speeches with parochial references. Results show strong support for this assertion. Furthermore, we find that high district magnitude leads to higher levels of localism. We use a mixed-methods research design, combining an original data set of 60,000 debates in Portugal with qualitative evidence from elite interviews. We make a methodological innovation in the field of representation and legislative studies by using a Named Entity Recognition tool to analyze the debates.

Local Action Groups (LAG) as actors in the EU rural development policy reflect the endogenous paradigm. They utilize the cooperation of their members and social networks to achieve the goals defined in their strategies developed upon the EU regulations on rural development. The paper demonstrates how the printed Czech media reflect the activities of LAGs. Such research gives a background to answer the question if the references to LAGs in the Czech Republic highlight the paradigmatic shift from the material factors towards the endogenous or hybrid resources embedded in using the intangible factors for development. The research consists in the quantitative content analysis of 498 articles about Czech local action groups. The analysis indicates that paradigmatic shift is only at the beginning. LAGs activities are still reported to be embedded in using the material factors (exogenous approach) instead of reporting and accounting the endogenous resources composed of both material and non-material factors of rural development.

Inicialmente é apresentado o resgate teórico e documental sobre o tema Patrimônio Cultural de Natureza Imaterial, foco da dissertação. Seguindo as ideias da Convenção para a Salvaguarda do Patrimônio Imaterial da UNESCO e o método de pesquisa proposto pelo IPHAN no Inventário Nacional de Referências Culturais INRC, optou-se por investigar se o Agnolini, como manifestação da gastronomia da Região de Colonização Italiana, na Serra Gaúcha, RS, Brasil, poderia ser caracterizado como referência cultural imaterial nos termos do INRC. Diante dessa problemática, os métodos utilizados no processo foram a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, as técnicas da etnografia e história oral e a aplicação do questionário sobre ofícios e modos de fazer do INRC. A base epistemológica das discussões é a Antropologia seguindo a luz da interpretação. A pesquisa propõe a inserção do patrimônio cultural imaterial nos estudos Turísticos, em particular no Turismo Cultural.
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Initially we present the theoretical and documental rescue on the Cultural Heritage of Intangible Nature that is the focus of the dissertation. Following the ideas of the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of UNESCO and the research method proposed by IPHAN of the Inventário Nacional de Referências Culturais INRC. We chose to investigate whether Agnolini, as manifestation of the gastronomy of the Italian Colonization Region in Serra Gaúcha, RS, Brazil, could be characterized as intangible cultural reference in terms of INRC. Thus the methods used in the process were bibliographic and documental research, the technique of ethnography and oral history and the application of a questionnaire about crafts and ways of making , as suggested by the INRC. The epistemological basis of the discussions is the Anthropology following the light of the interpretation. The research proposes the insertion of the intangible cultural heritage in Tourism studies particularly in the Cultural Tourism.

This study set out to investigate the value consumers place on less tangible product attributes. Although some work has been done in the p ast, to establish the relative importance of intangible attributes; very few studies have attempted to produce a financial value for a change. The research was conducted in a rural railway environment and so the product considered was a train journey. The main intangible attribute chosen for the study was ride quality. Rural railway services make significant losses and as a result have been threatened with closure. Reducing track maintenance (and thus ride quality ) on these routes offers considerable scope for cost reduction. But, very little was known about the response of demand to changes in ride quality. Any results obtained could, therefore, make a contribution to maintaining railway services in areas of limited public transport. Although this study concentrated on the railway ride problem, it is believed that the method developed during this research would be applicable, with some modification, to other topics.

One hundred years after the founding of the École Coloniale Supérieure in Antwerp, the adjacent Middelheim Museum invites Sandrine Colard, researcher and curator, to conceive an exhibition that probes silenced histories of colonialism in a site-specific way. For Colard, the term Congoville encompasses the tangible and intangible urban traces of the colony, not on the African continent but in 21st-century Belgium: a school building, a park, imperial myths, and citizens of African descent. In the exhibition and this adjoining publication, the concept Congoville is the starting point for 15 contemporary artists to address colonial history and ponder its aftereffects as black flâneurs walking through a postcolonial city. Due to the multitude of perspectives and voices, this book is both a catalogue and a reference work comprised of artistic and academic contributions. Together, the participating artists and invited authors unfold the blueprint of Congoville, an imaginary city that still subconsciously affects us, but also encourages us to envision a decolonial utopia.

This book explains how a creditor of an insolvent debtor can take priority over other creditors by claiming a proprietary interest in assets held by the debtor, and concentrates on the circumstances in which proprietary interests are created by operation of law or are implied from the arrangements between the parties. This is a subject of particular importance and difficulty in common law systems because of the changeable nature of equitable proprietary interests, and this book provides a clear and structured explanation of the current state of the law, with detailed reference to case law from England and Wales as well as Commonwealth jurisprudence, and suggests how it might be clarified and simplified by returning to first principles. The new edition considers a number of important developments which pertain to proprietary rights and insolvency. It evaluates the key decision of the Supreme Court in FHR European Ventures v Cedar Capital Partners. Although this has settled the question of whether constructive trusts extend to bribes, it has raised more general issues regarding the approach of the courts to the imposition of proprietary remedies, which the book explores. It also covers recent Privy Council and Court of Appeal decisions concerning constructive notice (Credit Agricole v Papadimitrou, Central Bank of Ecuador v Conticorp, and SFO v Lexi), as well as interesting issues concerning the new status of intangibles (Armstrong v Winnington) and the status of the anti-deprivation rule (Belmont Park v BNY). Proprietary Rights and Insolvency is a lucid and practical reference source on insolvency and property law.

Este libro es producto de los resultados obtenidos en la primera fase terminada del proyecto y línea de investigación denominada: “Análisis y Desarrollo de Indicadores para Medir el Crimen Económico y Responsabilidad Social Empresarial”, el cual ha sido financiado en su tercer periodo de desarrollo por la Corporación Universitaria Americana durante el periodo enero de 2016 y diciembre de 2018. El trabajo investigativo presentado aquí se basa en la experiencia de aproximadamente 6 años de investigaciones documentales y participaciones de los autores como ponentes en varios congresos internacionales en Latinoamérica, específicamente en: Brasil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Chile, México y Venezuela. Esto ha permitido intercambiar interesantes puntos de vista con colegas expertos que se relacionan con el tema del crimen económico y la responsabilidad social empresarial, gubernamental y civil. Los antecedentes reflexivos que contiene este libro, se inician en el periodo 2009-2011 con cuatro trabajos presentados por Ibarra Alberto en trabajo conjunto con Echeverri Camilo: 1. Artículo del 2009: “Retrospectiva de la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial a través del Desarrollo del Pensamiento Económico”, Revista Universo Contabil de la Fundación Universitaria de Blumenau, Brasil; 2. La ponencia del 2009: “Correlación entre Información Empresarial y Objetivos Corporativos con base a la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial”, XIV Congreso Internacional de Contaduría, Administración e Informática en la UNAM, México; 3. La ponencia del 2010: “Algunos Fundamentos sobre la Responsabilidad Social en la Empresa Privada considerando el Desarrollo del Pensamiento Económico” , V Reunión Internacional de Gestión y Desarrollo sobre Responsabilidad Social y Emprendimiento, Universidad de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brasil; 4. El artículo del 2011: “Índices para Medir Empresas Sostenibles con base a la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial vs Crimen Económico desde un Enfoque de la Teoría Behaviorista”, Revista Civilizar de Empresa y Economía de Universidad Sergio Arboleda, Bogotá, Colombia. El segundo periodo del desarrollo conceptual del trabajo de investigación comprende el periodo 2012-2014 con cuatro ponencias en congresos internacionales: 5. “La RSE como Estrategia de Crecimiento Económico”, XXV Congreso Latinoamericano de Estrategia, Universidad Metropolitana Castro Carazo, Costa Rica 2012. 6. “Análisis del Observatorio de la Globalización sobre Crimen Económico y Crisis de Cultura de Legalidad a Nivel Mundial (Soborno, Extorción, Corrupción y Fraude Empresarial)”, II Congreso The Global Compact de las Naciones Unidas 2012, Cámara de Comercio de Bogotá. 7. “Análisis Comparativo de los Indicadores e Informes de Crimen Financiero y Económico en el Mundo y Latinoamérica vs RSE.” XII International Finance Conference 2012, de American Academy of Financial Management, Universidad EAFIT Medellín, Colombia. 8. “Análisis del Crimen Financiero en Entornos de Crisis Financiera”. International Finance Conference 2014”, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. El tercer periodo comprende los años 2015-2016, y los autores trabajaron y presentaron 9 ponencias y un artículo de reflexión, donde gran parte de estos trabajos se llevaron a cabo en compañía de otros investigadores con excelente capacidad analítica sobre el tema. Entre estos académicos está la colaboración de Andrés Tibaquira y Alexander Castrillo. Los trabajos son: 9. “Estructuras Conceptuales del Crimen Económico y la RSE para desarrollar un Análisis Integral de Empresas Socialmente Responsables”, XXVIII Congreso Latinoamericano de Estrategia SLADE 2015, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia. 10. “Desarrollo Sostenible con RSE versus Corrupción y Fraude Corporativo: Sus Indicadores e Índices de Medición”. Conferencia Magistral ante la Contraloría General de Medellín Colombia y Red de Transparencia”. 11. “Tres Intangibles Correlacionados con el Entorno Organizacional para Alcanzar Empresas Sostenibles y Éticas: Capital Social, Capital Intelectual y Responsabilidad Social”. XX Congreso Internacional de Contaduría, Administración e Informática 2015. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 12. “Crimen Económico y Responsabilidad Social Empresarial”. Instituto Tecnológico Nacional de México, Conferencia Magistral ante el Consejo de Investigación. 13. “Análisis Internacional sobre el Crimen Económico por países”. Conferencista Magistral y Organizador Técnico del I Congreso Internacional de Crimen Económico y Fraude Financiero y Contable. Corporación Universitaria Remington, Medellín, Colombia. En el 2016, se presentaron las siguientes ponencias: 14. “Hacia Una Nueva Taxonomía del Delito y Crimen Económico”, II Congreso Internacional de Economía, Contabilidad y Administración”, Universidad de la Habana, Cuba.; 15. Ibarra Alberto y Tibaquira Andrés: “Hacia una Nueva Taxonomía del Delito y Crimen Económico para incrementar la RSE”. International Finance Conference 2016 Chile, Universidad de Valparaíso Chile y Universidad de Santiago de Chile. 16. Ibarra Mares Alberto y Tibaquira Cuervo Andrés: “Objetivos Empresariales Informales y su Influencia en Fraudes dentro del Sistema de Información Contable”, V Encuentro Internacional de Investigación y Espíritu Empresarial. Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, Ocaña Santander Colombia. 17. Ibarra Alberto, Echeverri Camilo y Ramírez Carlos: “Antecedentes y Actualidad del Desarrollo del Gobierno Corporativo en Latinoamérica”, II Congreso Internacional de Crimen Económico y Fraude Financiero y Contable. Conferencista Magistral, Corporación Universitaria Remington, Medellín Colombia. 18. Ibarra Alberto, Pérez Luis Alfonso y Garzón Manuel (2015): “Código de ética empresarial para las Pymes: Marco de Referencia para la Sostenibilidad y Responsabilidad Social Empresarial (RSE)”. Revista Espacios. Venezuela. A partir de la experiencia adquirida, el objetivo de los autores en este trabajo fue sintetizar una serie de conceptos técnicos fundamentales sobre el crimen económico y sus principales componentes, con el fin de conformar una sólida taxonomía y metodología para medir las percepciones sobre los diferentes tipos de crimen económico en diferentes países de Latinoamérica, iniciando por Colombia, ello permitirá adaptar y mejorar algunos indicadores que se han estandarizado en el ámbito mundial para medir cualitativa y cuantitativamente las variables del crimen económico entre países, instituciones, sectores y personas. En el capítulo 1 y 2 se inicia con un análisis documental sobre cuáles son las principales variables que se toman en cuenta en la literatura especializada sobre este fenómeno económico negativo que registran las empresas, instituciones y países. Para ello, se partió de una taxonomía de 17 variables que proporcionaron información acerca de Transparencia Internacional (TI) y sobre el lenguaje del crimen económico para determinar ocho categorías o tipologías de crimen económico, a las cuales se les denominó taxonomía. En el capítulo 3 se da a conocer una muestra representativa de algunas de las principales organizaciones que se dedican al estudio y combate de delitos económicos y fraudes. Las primeras instituciones que incluimos por su prestigio y seriedad sobre el tema, fueron: Transparencia Internacional (TI), La Organización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU), PricewaterhouseCoopers (PWC), Ernst and Young (EY), KPMG y Deloitte and Touche. Además, consideramos datos y reportes del Fondo Monetario Internacional (FMI) y el Banco Mundial (BM). En los capítulos cuarto, quinto y sexto, analizamos respectivamente el crimen económico desde sus tres perspectivas o niveles: 1.) Por país, 2.) Por empresas, y 3.) Por personas. Por último, en el capítulo séptimo damos unas conclusiones que consideramos nos dan una primera visión para un análisis metodológico y con mayor rigor científico sobre el crimen económico En el capítulo séptimo incluimos las conclusiones finales basadas en el marco teórico sobre la teoría marginalista y teoría behaviorista, que nos permite fundamentar nuestras reflexiones y conclusiones. También adicionamos las ideas de Francis Fukuyama con respecto al concepto de confianza y capital social, que son componentes importantes de la ética y responsabilidad social empresarial. Incluimos además unas ideas sobre la teoría institucionalista que determina en gran medida el comportamiento de un individuo dependiendo del tipo de institución en dónde se desarrolla.

“Because knowledge has become the single most important factor of production, managing intellectual assets has become the single most important task of business,” states Thomas Stewart in his ground-breaking book Intellectual Capital – The New Wealth of Organizations (Doubleday, 1997). As intellectual assets are the most important assets within any business, they must be measured and managed according to the most objective means possible. The development of Intangible Accounting and Time Capital represents a step in the direction of objective (strategy-independent) intellectual capital reporting where intangibles can be identified, managed and measured just as traditional assets are identified, measured and managed. The diagram below illustrates the relationships between various generations of intellectual capital measures. This chapter will explore third generation intellectual capital measures. Two technologies, iValuing and Intangible Accounting, are required to implement third generation intellectual capital measurement and management. The purpose of third generation intellectual capital reporting is to provide a standardized way to measure and manage intangibles within corporations. Intangibles include intangible assets, intangible liabilities, intangible revenue, intangible expenses and intangible capital. When people refer to intangible assets, they are frequently referring to various forms of intellectual property. The intangible accounting definition of “intangible assets” is much wider and includes reference to human interactions, knowledge, quality, cycle time and more.

Portugal has 1,860 km of coastline and therefore has always had a strong element of value and cultural expression in the sea. This chapter presents a study that gives meaning to key cultural elements in Portuguese sun-and-sea destinations, integrating their heritage value and intangible cultural significance. Authors show how two large groups of heritage elements associated with the sea can be integrated into forms of visitation and leisure (lighthouses, forts and coastal garrisons). These heritage elements increasingly integrate tourism, diversifying and valuing it. Adding to these elements of material heritage, it is also important to refer to elements of intangible expression that are a reference for the life of the populations connected to the sea. Particular attention will be paid to the Xávega Art, and to the Rendas de Bilros handicraft, considering their inventory and safeguard.

During 1980s the strategic relevance of brand positioning was recognized and service organisations are now identifying their key market segments and determining how they wish consumers to perceive their company and its products/services. Positioning is of particular significance for services as it places an intangible service within a more tangible frame of reference. This chapter examines and compares the brand positioning practices in services sector with reference to banks. It proposes a model for positioning of brands in services sector. The findings are based on an exploratory study; empirical data is collected from customer respondents (1800) and marketing executives of the banks. Six banks are studied, two each from public, private sectors and foreign banks. The study would help banks to acquire, retain and satisfy their customers by positioning their brand as it suggests a model that concentrates on internal and external facilitators, sources of growth, designing the service offer and differentiating it from competitors and delivering the service successfully.

During 1980s the strategic relevance of brand positioning was recognized and service organisations are now identifying their key market segments and determining how they wish consumers to perceive their company and its products/services. Positioning is of particular significance for services as it places an intangible service within a more tangible frame of reference. This chapter examines and compares the brand positioning practices in services sector with reference to banks. It proposes a model for positioning of brands in services sector. The findings are based on an exploratory study; empirical data is collected from customer respondents (1800) and marketing executives of the banks. Six banks are studied, two each from public, private sectors and foreign banks. The study would help banks to acquire, retain and satisfy their customers by positioning their brand as it suggests a model that concentrates on internal and external facilitators, sources of growth, designing the service offer and differentiating it from competitors and delivering the service successfully.

La intangibilidad forma parte de la idiosincrasia del sector público, cuya esencia reside en el valor público. La legitimidad es un bien intangible que puede ser activado desde la comunicación y se define en función de las percepciones que sus públicos de interés tienen sobre si las acciones y comportamientos de la organización son deseables, correctos y apropiados. Este artículo revisa la literatura del bien intangible legitimidad como factor de sostenibilidad institucional; es decir, la legitimidad como factor de supervivencia organizacional, como respaldo de apoyo social, como aval para la obtención de recursos y como recurso en sí mismo para erigir la organización en referente sectorial. Específicamente, el artículo se centra en el papel de los medios de comunicación a la hora de reflejar la legitimidad de una organización. A través de la revisión, se evidencian diversas metodologías para medir la legitimidad: el acceso mediático de fuentes, los coeficientes de respaldo mediático y atributos y variables, asociados a las tipologías de legitimidad propuestas por Suchman (1995). Se concluye que los estudios sobre la legitimidad aplicados al sector público aún no han permitido establecer un corpus metodológico que permita conocer claramente las dinámicas de legitimidad, y evaluar la influencia de la comunicación a la hora de activar la legitimidad de ejercicio de una organización pública.

With reference to the fourth Industrial Revolution - the knowledge economy (Rooney, 2005) - the generation of integrated digital models represents one of the most important drivers to generate tangible and intangible added value, helping to incorporate part of the knowledge into production processes. However, in addition to the process of sharing and implementing digital data, the creation of digital models is extremely complex and expensive if it does not involve the set of requirements and needs in the early phase of the project, according to an inclusive and collaborative approach (Carraher et. al. 2017). In this framework, the “Clust-ER BUILD” project aims to achieve integrated Building Information Modelling models and Key Enabling Technologies (KETs) solutions to support innovation, industrial research, and the updating of competencies for intervention projects on existing buildings and cultural heritage.

URBAN LANDSCAPE ASSESSMENT Vicente Collado Capilla1 and Sonia Gómez-Pardo Gabaldón21Servicio de Infraestructura Verde y Paisaje. Generalitat Valenciana. Ciutat Administrativa 9 D'Octubre-Torre 1, C/ Castán Tobeñas 77, 46018 Valencia; 2Servicio Territorial de Urbanismo. Provincia de Valencia. Generalitat Valenciana. Prop I, C/ Gregorio Gea, nº 27, 46009 Valencia. E-mail: vcc.arq@gmail.com sgpg.sgpg@gmail.com Key words: urban_landscape, streetcape, landscape_value, andscape_assessment, landscape_preferences. The urban landscape assesment as an important element in the quality of life and the sustainable development of the city constitutes an incipient field of investigation from a new perspective that adds meanings and values. An analysis of the different methodological developments and national and international experiences in the assessment of these landscapes will highlight its importance as a strategic element to improve the quality of the city. It starts from the concept of assessment as a system where tangible and intangible values ​​are considered by the population and the experts. These include among other formal, economic, environmental, social, cultural issues (…) and the relationships between them. Consideration of the opinions of experts from different points of view such as urbanism and architecture but also environment, economy, geography, history, archeology, sociology, social assistance, etc. Together with the preferences expressed by the population regarding the spaces they inhabit on a daily basis and their aspirations, strengthen the sense of belonging and the identity of the place as key elements in the perception of the urban landscapes that allows to contribute new qualities, integration criteria and ​​contemporary values to any type of intervention. These are strategies and intervention procedures that start from the complexity of the city as a system and incorporate the perception that citizens have or will have of their immediate environment. References: Czynska Klara and Pawel Rubinowicz (2015). ´Visual protection Surface method: Cityscape values in context of tall buildings´. SSS10 Proceedings of the 10 th International Space Syntax Symposium. Paquette Sylvain (2008). Guide de gestion des paysages au Québec. Université de Montréal Pallasmaa, Juhani (2005). The Eyes of the Skin. Architecture and the Senses. New York: John Wiley. Ministry of Environment and Energy The National Forest and Nature Agency (1997). International Survey of Architectural Values in the Environment. Denmark . The Landscape Institute and Institute of Environmental Management & Assessment (2013). Guidelines for Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment. Third Edition, London: Routledge.

<p>Disturbances or disruptive events may induce reductions of functionality of the built environment. For Cultural Heritage (CH) structures, functionalities may range from technical, to economic ones linked to touristic activities, up to intangible functionalities related to the cultural and social value of these constructions. Resilience can be defined as the capability of a system overcome a disturbance with the minimum total loss of functionality over time. Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) may enhance resilience by providing information that can support decision making, aiming to reduce the impact of the disturbances. In this paper, the benefits of SHM systems as means for improving resilience of CH structures are addressed and discussed with specific reference to the three different decision situations; before, during and after events of disturbances. Examples of real applications of SHM for CH structures and its effect on the resilience of the system conclude the paper.</p>

La experiencia sensorial tuvo un papel importante en el análisis de la ciudad en el mundo pre moderno. No obstante, la progresiva racionalización del conocimiento trajo consigo el dominio de la visión sobre otros sentidos convirtiéndonos en una sociedad oculocentrista. Sabemos que la ciudad no se vive de igual manera, por tanto debemos considerar la experiencia sensorial como parte fundamental en la construcción de la memoria del lugar e incorporarla como una capa más en los estudios de la forma urbana. A través del estudio comparativo de la experiencia de escucha de dos barrios latinoamericanos (San Nicolás en Cali, Colombia y Coyoacán en Ciudad de México) este trabajo pretende poner de manifiesto el papel que juega el sonido en la conformación de los espacios sociales urbanos, en el impacto sobre la calidad de vida y en las representaciones mentales que los y las habitantes de las ciudades construyen de sus entornos. El texto presenta una metodología de trabajo en la que se apela a la memoria, al relato, al recuerdo, a la referencia, al vínculo de lo tangible con lo intangible; a esa(s) ciudad(es) que no se puede(n) entender sin analizar la relación que existe entre las personas que habitan el espacio y el espacio en sí, del espacio como anhelo y como experiencia; en donde el sonido cobra un significado relevante y que al documentarse permitirá entender el vínculo que tienen los habitantes con el espacio público.

La experiencia sensorial tuvo un papel importante en el análisis de la ciudad en el mundo pre moderno. No obstante, la progresiva racionalización del conocimiento trajo consigo el dominio de la visión sobre otros sentidos convirtiéndonos en una sociedad oculocentrista. Sabemos que la ciudad no se vive de igual manera, por tanto debemos considerar la experiencia sensorial como parte fundamental en la construcción de la memoria del lugar e incorporarla como una capa más en los estudios de la forma urbana. A través del estudio comparativo de la experiencia de escucha de dos barrios latinoamericanos (San Nicolás en Cali, Colombia y Coyoacán en Ciudad de México) este trabajo pretende poner de manifiesto el papel que juega el sonido en la conformación de los espacios sociales urbanos, en el impacto sobre la calidad de vida y en las representaciones mentales que los y las habitantes de las ciudades construyen de sus entornos. El texto presenta una metodología de trabajo en la que se apela a la memoria, al relato, al recuerdo, a la referencia, al vínculo de lo tangible con lo intangible; a esa(s) ciudad(es) que no se puede(n) entender sin analizar la relación que existe entre las personas que habitan el espacio y el espacio en sí, del espacio como anhelo y como experiencia; en donde el sonido cobra un significado relevante y que al documentarse permitirá entender el vínculo que tienen los habitantes con el espacio público.

Coffee plays a significant role in today’s Arab culture, and it has long been considered one of the main aspects of Arab history, culture, heritage, and hospitality. It has even been recognized by UNESCO, which added Arabic coffee to its Intangible Cultural Heritage List following the application by several Gulf countries. This study explores the nation-building process of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) through its heritage, with specific reference to the coffee pot (dallah). The UAE forms its national identity (the Emirati identity) by deriving it from a broader identity (that is, being Arab) and defining it to a regional identity (Khaleeji). Moving from a regional to a national identity is intended to unite the seven emirates under one standard identity, but at the same time contain common characteristic features and solidarity with Khaleej and other Arabs. Slight differences to strengthen the desired national (Emirati) identity and differentiate the UAE from the neighbors will be enough in creating national heritage. This study examines how the UAE attempts to create its own heritage, one that is common among its seven emirates, to unite them under one identity. The coffee pot, however, has common features with other Arab and Khaleeji countries, as can be clearly seen from the map. Meanwhile, the process is still in progress, and to date, no consensus has been achieved.

Una de las consecuencias más interesantes de la digitalización tiene que ver con la nostalgia por lo físico. James Bridle, editor británico, habla con ironía acerca de cómo nadie había reparado en el olor de los libros hasta que apareció la posibilidad del ebook o de cómo ha crecido exponencialmente la venta de vinilos en los últimos años. Todos nos hemos vuelto nostálgicos de una cualidad en la que quizá no habíamos reparado nunca. Pero lo más curioso es que esta tendencia hacia lo físico no tienen realmente mucho que ver con el objeto, sino con su cualidad estética. Si pensamos en Instagram, sus imágenes no tienen calidad de objeto, pero hay un interés indiscutible por sus filtros. La labor del filtro, entonces, es aportar a la fotografía una fisicidad que de otro modo no poseería. Así, en plena era digital, queremos que las imágenes se convierten también en algo solido, inalterable. El cine contemporáneo asume esa tendencia y ha desarrollado toda una estética desde la que reivindicar, desde la forma, la importancia de lo presente, de lo material y de lo inmediato. Así, mediante ciertas claves visuales, la imagen audiovisual se auto-referencia, no para potenciar su relato, sino para generar un discurso paralelo en torno a la propia esencia de la imagen en un mundo aparentemente intangible. Mediante la luz modulada, el grano, el formato vertical, el pastiche posmoderno o la reivindicación de lo natural, el cine contemporáneo expone una intención: la de reivindicar la fisicidad de las cosas en plena era wireless, no como nostalgia, sino como reflexión acerca de cómo habitamos el entorno e interpretamos nuestra cultura. En esta comunicación me gustaría profundizar en esta paradoja físico/virtual y analizar estas cinco claves que definen el cine contemporáneo como discurso estético actual.