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1
Huffaker, Conner D. "Bahavior and Analysis of an Integral Abutment Bridge." DigitalCommons@USU, 2013. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1718.
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In order to quantify the influence of temperature changes on integral abutment bridge movements, thirty-two Sokkia RS30N reflective targets were strategically attached to a bridge along its length. These targets were surveyed every month for twelve consecutive months. These changes in length coincided with restraint conditions between purely fixed and simply supported. Movement of expansion joints was also recorded. The movements of the expansion gaps at opposite corners appear to exhibit similar movements. This behavior indicates a type of twisting motion occurring within the bridge as a result of unequal movements at the east and west sides of each abutment. This motion suggests that the bridge abutments experience forces that incite weak axis bending in the abutments, especially in the north abutment. These quantitative bridge movements were compared to predicted behavior from a finite-element model. A detailed finite-element model of the bridge was created using SAP2000 (Computers and Structures, Inc.) software. The detailed model was developed using solid elements for all components of the bridge except piles and bents. Longitudinal surface springs were placed at the abutment elements in order to simulate the soil-abutment interaction. A typical temperature load was assigned to the bridge deck and girder elements to compare the calculated stress concentrations in the model with the observed cracking on the abutment. The model produced high stress concentrations in the abutment adjacent to the bottom girder flange. This corresponded to the same location of observed cracking. The finite-element model also showed lateral movement of the north abutment. This lateral abutment contributed to the unequal movements of the bridge spans. Once the comparison between the measured bridge behavior of the survey and the findings of the detailed finite element model was completed, a simplified model was used to evaluate the bending moment and stresses in the abutment of the 400 South Street Bridge. The simplified model was also used to perform a parametric study on the influence of skew, span length, and temperature gradient on weak-axis abutment moments.
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Rodriguez, Leo E. "Temperature Effects On Integral Abutment Bridges For The Long-Term Bridge Performance Program." DigitalCommons@USU, 2012. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1221.
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The United States Department of Transportation (US-DOT) Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) initiated in 2009 the Long-Term Bridge Performance (LTBP) program to gather high-quality data on a representative sample of bridges over a twenty-year period of time. The goal of this program is to quantify how bridges behave during their service life while being exposed to different types of loadings and deterioration due to corrosion, fatigue and various climate conditions along with their corresponding maintenances. The data gathered will result in the creation of databases of high quality data, acquired through long-term instrumentation, to be used for improved design practices and effective management of infrastructures by employing best practices for maintenance. As part of the LTBP Program two integral abutment bridges, a California Bridge near Sacramento, CA and a Utah Bridge near Perry, UT, were selected to be monitored for temperature changes as well as to undergo periodic live-load testing. Live-load testing included slowly driving a truck over the bridges. The bridges were instrumented to collect test data and use it to calibrate a finite-element model. This finite-element model was used to determine the actual bridge behavior and compare it with the AASHTO LRFD Specifications. This thesis also examined how different parameters such as thermal gradients, mean temperature, and end-rotation affect these two integral abutment bridges.
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McGowan, Kenneth. "Measurement and evaluation of the performance of an integral abutment bridge deck." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2005. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3943.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2005.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 112 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 104-107).
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Hartt, Sarah L. "Monitoring a Pile-Supported Integral Abutment Bridge at a Site with Shallow Bedrock." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2005. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/HarttSL2005.pdf.
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Jozwiak, Matthew T. "Modeling the Effects of Turned Back Wingwalls for Semi-Integral Abutment Bridges." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou155629327059094.
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Fausett, Robert W. "Live-Load Test and Finite-Model Analysis of an Integral Abutment Concrete Girder Bridge." DigitalCommons@USU, 2013. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2018.
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As part of the Long Term Bridge Performance (LTBP) Program, a single-span, prestressed, integral abutment concrete girder pilot bridge near Perry, Utah was instrumented with different sensors at various locations onto the bridge for long-term monitoring and periodic testing. One of the periodic tests conducted on this bridge was a live-load test. The live-load test included driving trucks across the bridge, as well as parking trucks along different lanes of the bridge, and measuring the deflection and strain. The data collected from these tests was used to create and calibrate a computer model of the bridge. The model was afforded the same dimensions and characteristics as the actual bridge, and then the boundary conditions (how the bridge is being supported) were altered until the model data and the live-load data matched. Live-load distribution factors and load ratings were then obtained using this calibrated model and compared to the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications. The results indicated that in all cases, the AASHTO LRFD Specification distribution factors were conservative by between 55% to 78% due to neglecting to take the bridge fixity (bridge supports) into account in the distribution factor equations. The actual fixity of the bridge was determined to be 94%.Subsequently, a variable study was conducted by creating new models based on the original bridge for changes in span length, deck thickness, edge distance, skew (angle of distortion of the bridge), and fixity to see how each variable would affect the bridge. Distribution factors were then calculated for each case and compared with the distribution factors obtained from the AASHTO LRFD Specifications for each case. The results showed that the variables with the largest influence on the bridge were the change in fixity and the change in skew. Both parameters provided ranges between 10% non- conservative and 56% conservative. The parameter with the least amount of influence was the deck thickness providing a range between 4% non-conservative and 19% non- conservative. Depending on which variable was increased, both increases and decreases in conservatism were exhibited in the study.
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Jessee, Shon Joseph. "Skew Effects on Passive Earth Pressures Based on Large-Scale Tests." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3202.
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The passive force-deflection relationship for abutment walls is important for bridges subjected to thermal expansion and seismic forces, but no test results have been available for skewed abutments. To determine the influence of skew angle on the development of passive force, lab tests were performed on a wall with skew angles of 0º, 15º, 30º, and 45º. The wall was 1.26 m wide and 0.61 m high and the backfill consisted of dense compacted sand. As the skew angle increased, the passive force decreased substantially with a reduction of 50% at a skew of 30º. An adjustment factor was developed to account for the reduced capacity as a function of skew angle. The shape of the passive force-deflection curve leading to the peak force transitioned from a hyperbolic shape to a more bilinear shape as the skew angle increased. However, the horizontal displacement necessary to develop the peak passive force was typically 2 to 3.5% of the wall height. In all cases, the passive force decreased after the peak value, which would be expected for dense sand; however, at higher skew angles the drop in resistance was more abrupt than at lower skew angles. The residual passive force was typically about 35 to 45% lower relative to the peak force. Lateral movement was minimal due to shear resistance which typically exceeded the applied shear force. Computer models based on the log-spiral method, with apparent cohesion for matric suction, were able to match the measured force for the no skew case as well as the force for skewed cases when the proposed adjustment factor was used.
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Metzger, Andrew T. "Measurement of the abutment forces of a skewed semi-integral bridge as a result of ambient temperature change." Ohio : Ohio University, 1995. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1179255923.
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Thanasattayawibul, Narong. "Curved integral abutment bridges." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/4119.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2006.Thesis research directed by: Civil Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Mutashar, Rana O. "Response of Skewed Composite Adjacent Box Beam Bridge to Live and Environmental Load Conditions." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1597020452615694.
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Carvajal, Uribe Juan Carlos. "Seismic embankment-abutment-structure interaction of integral abutment bridges." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/35577.
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This research thesis is product of a joint study between the Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure (BCMoT) and the University of British Columbia (UBC) to evaluate the effect of Embankment-Abutment-Structure Interaction (EASI) in the estimation of seismic demands of Integral Abutment Bridges (IABs).
IABs consist of a continuous concrete deck integrated with abutments supported on flexible foundations. These structures have become very popular due to the elimination of costly and maintenance prone expansion joints and bearings. Analytical studies and strong-motion earthquake data have shown that the seismic response of the approach embankments in the far field affects the response of IABs. However, current seismic analysis procedures neglect the far-field embankment response because of the complexity in modeling this type of dynamic interaction. Therefore, a simple and accurate model that allows bridge designers to include EASI in the calculation of the seismic demands of IABs is needed.
This thesis develops a simple dynamic model, called 3M-EASI, for calculating the seismic response of IABs taking into account EASI. The proposed model consists of two far-field embankment components connected to the bridge structure component by spring-dashpot elements that represent the near-field components. The main contribution of this thesis is the development of the far-field embankment component using equivalent-linear analysis. The 3M-EASI model was verified with time-history analyses of 2D continuum soil finite element models of full-height IABs using the computer program ABAQUS.
The analyses indicated that the far-field embankment response affects the response of IABs if the following conditions act simultaneously: (a) the near-field stiffness is greater than 0.4 times the bridge stiffness, and (b) the period of the far-field embankment components is longer than 0.7 times the period of the bridge-near-field system. The 3M-EASI model is shown to be rational, accurate, computationally efficient, and easy to implement in bridge design.
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Arsoy, Sami. "Experimental and Analytical Investigations of Piles and Abutments of Integral Bridges." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/25939.
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Bridges without expansion joints are called "integral bridges." Eliminating joints from bridges crates concerns for the piles and the abutments of integral bridges because the abutments and the piles are subjected to temperature-induced cyclic lateral loads. As temperatures change daily and seasonally, the lengths of integral bridges increase and decrease, pushing the abutment against the approach fill and pulling it away. As a result the bridge superstructure, the abutment, the approach fill, the foundation piles and the foundation soil are all subjected to cyclic loading, and understanding their interactions is important for effective design and satisfactory performance of integral bridges.
The ability of piles to accommodate lateral displacements is a significant factor in determining the maximum possible length of integral bridges. In order to build longer integral bridges, pile stresses should be kept low.
This research project investigated the complex interactions that take place between the structural components of the integral bridge and the soil through experimental and analytical studies. A literature review was conducted to gain insight into the integral bridge/soil interactions, and to synthesize the information available about the cyclic loading damage to piles of integral bridges. The ability of the piles and the abutments to withstand cyclic loads was investigated by conducting large-scale cyclic load tests. Three pile types and three semi-integral abutments were tested in the laboratory. Experiments simulated 75 years of bridge life for each specimen by applying over 27,000 displacement cycles. Numerical analyses were conducted to investigate the interactions among the abutment, the approach fill, the foundation soil, and the piles.
The original VDOT semi-integral abutment hinge experienced shear key failure as observed in two large-scale laboratory tests. The revised hinge detail did not exhibit any sign of damage. Both abutments tolerated 75-year worth of displacement cycles without any appreciable change in their behavior. Semi-integral abutments are recommended for longer integral bridges because they can reduce pile stresses. As the need to build longer integral bridges grows, the role of the semi-integral abutments is expected to become more important.
The data from the experimental program indicates that steel H-piles are the best pile type for support of integral abutment bridges. Concrete piles are not recommended because under repeated lateral loads, tension cracks progressively worsen and significantly reduce vertical load carrying capacity of these piles. Pipe piles have high flexural stiffness, which results in an undesired condition for the shear stresses in the abutment. For this reason, stiff pipe piles are not recommended for support of integral bridges.
Numerical analyses indicate that the interactions between the approach fill and the foundation soils create favorable conditions for stresses in piles supporting integral bridges. Because of these interactions, the foundation soil acts as if it were softer, resulting in reduction in pile stresses compared to a single pile in the same soil without the approach fill above it.Ph. D.
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McBride, Kevyn C. "Thermal stresses in the superstructure of integral abutment bridges." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2005. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4331.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2005.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 131 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 115-122).
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Baptiste, Keisha T. Laman Jeffrey A. "Length limitations of prestressed concrete girder integral abutment bridges." [University Park, Pa.] : Pennsylvania State University, 2009. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-4621/index.html.
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Jaradat, Yaser Mahmoud Mustafa. "Soil-structure interaction of FRP piles in integral abutment bridges." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2819.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.Thesis research directed by: Civil Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Nilsson, Martin. "Evaluation of in-situ measurements of composite bridge with integral abutments." Licentiate thesis, Luleå : Luleå University of Technology, 2008. http://epubl.luth.se/1402-1757/2008/02.
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Goh, Chee Tiong. "The behaviour of backfill to shallow abutments of integral bridges." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270310.
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Shah, Bhavik Rameshchandra. "3D finite element analysis of integral abutment bridges subjected to thermal loading." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/388.
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DeLano, John Gordon. "Behavior of Pile-Supported Integral Abutments at Bridge Sites with Shallow Bedrock." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2004. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/DeLanoJG2004.pdf.
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Tsang, Chiu Ming. "Life-time analysis of continuous beam bridges with integral abutments using rheological models." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8609.
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Shehu, Jibril. "Evaluation of the Foundation and Wingwalls of Skewed Semi-Integral Bridges with Wall Abutments." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1244655193.
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Arenas, Alfredo Eduardo. "Thermal Response of Integral Abutment Bridges With Mse Walls: Numerical Analyses and a Practical Analysis Tool." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30134.
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The advantages of Integral Abutment Bridges (IABs) include reduced maintenance costs and increased useful life spans. However, comprehensive and practical analysis tools for design of IABs have not been developed to account for the impacts of thermal displacements on abutment and foundation components, including the components of mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) walls that are often used around the abutment piling.
During this research, over 65 three-dimensional numerical analyses were performed to investigate and quantify how different structural and geotechnical bridge components behave during thermal expansion and contraction of the bridge deck. In addition, separate three-dimensional numerical models were developed to evaluate the usefulness of corrugated steel pipes around the abutment piles.
The results of this research quantify the influence of design parameter variations on the effects of thermal displacement on system components, and thus provide guidelines for IAB design, where none had existed before. One of the findings is that corrugated steel pipes around abutment piles are not necessary.
One of the most important products of this research is an easy-to-use Excel spreadsheet, named IAB v2, that not only quantifies the impact of thermal displacement in the longitudinal direction, but also in the transverse direction when the abutment wall is at a skew angle to the bridge alignment. The spreadsheet accommodates seven different pile sizes, which can be oriented in weak or strong directions, with variable offset of the abutment from the MSE wall and for variable skew angles. The spreadsheet calculates the increment of displacements, forces, moments, and pressures on systems components due to thermal displacement of IABs.Ph. D.
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Ravjee, Sachin. "Discrete element modelling investigating the effect of particle shape on backfill response behind integral bridge abutments." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/64125.
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Integral bridges are designed without expansion joints or bearings to eliminate the maintenance and repair costs associated with them. Thus, the expansion and contraction due to daily and seasonal temperature variations of the deck of the bridge are restricted by the abutments, causing the abutments to move cyclically towards and away from the granular material used as backfill. This movement results in a stress accumulation in the backfill retained by the abutments. The Discrete Element Method (DEM) was used was used to perform a numerical sensitivity analysis, investigating the effect of granular particle shape on the response of backfill material retained by integral bridge abutments.
Two DEM software suites were used to perform the simulations, namely STAR-CCM+, a commercial code, and Blaze-DEM, a research code under development at the University of Pretoria. Blaze-DEM makes use of Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) computing as opposed to traditional Central Processing Unit (CPU) computing. Blaze-DEM delivered computational times over 150 times faster than the equivalent simulation in STAR-CCM+. The results from the numerical sensitivity analysis showed that the particles with lower sphericities (higher angularities) experienced larger accumulations of stresses on the abutment as opposed to the more spherical particles. This was suggested to be a result of particle interlocking and reorientation.Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2018.
Civil Engineering
MEng
Unrestricted
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Pugasap, Kongsak. "Hysteresis model based prediction of integral abutment bridge behavior." 2006. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-1301/index.html.
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Takeuchi, Asako. "Parametric Study of Integral Abutment Bridge Using Finite Element Model." 2021. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/masters_theses_2/1076.
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A parametric study of single-span integral abutment bridge (IAB) was conducted using finite element analysis to explore the effects of various load conditions, bridge geometries, and soil properties. This study investigated the difference between the live load distribution of traditional jointed bridges and integral abutment bridges (IABs) under HL-93 truck component load. The results showed that AASHTO live load distribution factors (LLDFs) were overly conservative by up to 50% to use for IABs. LLDFs for IABs proposed by Dicleli and Erhan (2008) matched well for interior girder moment, but they were unconservative for exterior girder moment by up to 20% for the bridges studied. The study further investigated the effects of various parameters on the IAB responses under dead, live, and thermal loads and load combinations specified by AASHTO. The results of this study are limited to short to moderate single-span straight bridges under dead, live, and thermal loads. Due to a fixity of superstructure and abutments in IABs, the bridge response to each loading is influenced by the relative stiffness of superstructure to substructure. Under combined loads, the amount of each load effect varied depending on superstructure and substructure stiffness, but the critical load combination for each bridge response was determined in this study. Yielding of piles seems unavoidable for IABs built on sand under combined loads even after the change of pile size or pile orientation, but replacing the soil around top 3m (10ft) of piles with softer material is effective to reduce the significant amount of pile moment for IABs built on sand foundation soil. This thesis includes some design recommendations based on the findings of this study.
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Vasheghani, Farahani Reza. "SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF INTEGRAL ABUTMENT BRIDGES CONSIDERING SOIL STRUCTURE INTERACTION." 2010. http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/838.
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Integral abutment bridges are jointless bridges in which the deck is continuous and connected monolithically with the abutment walls supported typically by a single row of piles. This thesis focuses on the effects of two major parameters on the seismic behavior of an integral abutment bridge in Tennessee by considering soil-structure interaction around the piles and in back of the abutments: (1) clay stiffness (medium vs. hard) around the piles, and (2) level of sand compaction (loose vs. dense) of the abutment wall backfilling. Modal and nonlinear time history analyses are performed on a three dimensional detailed bridge model using the commercial software SAP2000, which clearly show that (1) compacting the backfilling of the abutment wall will increase the bridge dominant longitudinal natural frequency considerably more than increasing the clay stiffness around the piles; (2) the maximum deflection and bending moment in the piles under seismic loading will happen at the pile-abutment interface; (3) under seismic loading, densely-compacted backfilling of the abutment wall is generally recommended since it will reduce the pile deflection, the abutment displacement, the moments in the steel girder, and particularly the pile moments; (4) under seismic loading, when the piles are located in firmer clay, although the pile deflection, the abutment displacement, and the maximum girder moment at the pier and the mid-span will decrease, the maximum pile moment and the maximum girder moment at the abutment will increase.
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Bahjat, Rami. "Short and Long-term Performance of a Skewed Integral Abutment Prestressed Concrete Bridge." 2014. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/masters_theses_2/70.
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This study presents the behavior of a precast skewed integral abutment bridge (IAB) using the recently developed NEXT-F Beam section in particular. In order to understand the bridge response, a 3-dimensional finite element model of a bridge (Brimfield Bridge) was developed to examine the thermal effect on the response of the bridge structural components. Eighteen months of field monitoring including abutments displacements, abutment rotations, deck strains, and beam strains was conducted utilizing 136 strain gauges, 6 crackmeters, and 2 tiltmeters. The behavior of the NEXT beams during construction was examined by conducting hand calculation considering all factors that could affect strain readings captured by strain gauges embedded in the 6 beams. Parametric analysis and model validation were conducted considering the effect of soil conditions, distribution of thermal loads, and the coefficient of thermal expansion used for the analyses. Using the validated model, the effect pile orientation was investigated. All the results and illustration plots are presented in detail in this study. As a result of this study, the behavior of the NEXT beams during construction was explained. Long term behavior of the bridge was also explained using field data and FE model. Furthermore, it was concluded that the coefficient of thermal expansion of concrete and temperature variation along the bridge depth and transverse direction can have a significant effect on the strain readings and calculated response, respectively. Lastly, it was found that orienting piles with their web perpendicular on the bridge centerline or with their web perpendicular to the abutment centerline will result in small ratio of moment demand to moment capacity.
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Lahovich, Andrew. "New Technologies in Short Span Bridges: A Study of Three Innovative Systems." 2012. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/790.
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Short span bridges are commonly used throughout the United States to span small waterways and highway overpasses. New technologies in the civil engineering industry have aided in the creation of many unique designs of these short span highway bridges in efforts to decrease construction cost, decrease maintenance costs, increase efficiency, increase constructability, and increase safety. Three innovative systems, the Integral Abutment Bridge, “Bridge-in-a-Backpack”, and the Folded Plate Girder bridge will be analyzed to study how the bridges behave under various types of loading.
Detailed finite element models were created for integral abutment bridges of varying geometry. These models are used to study how the live load distribution transversely across the bridge is effected by varying geometric properties and varying modeling techniques. These models will also be used to determine live load distribution factors for the integral abutment bridges and compare them to current American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials specifications.
The “Bridge-in-a-Backpack” and the Folded Plate Girder bridges were each constructed with a variety of instruments to measure the bridge movements. Readings from these instruments are used to determine the bridge response under various loading conditions. Bridges were analyzed during their construction process, during static live load testing, and during long term seasonal changes. The results from these studies will aid in the refinement of these innovative designs.
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Min, Yoon-Gi. "A Parametric Study on Soil-Structure Interaction Mechanisms through A 3D Finite Element Numerical Modelling of Palladium Drive Integral Abutment Bridge in Ontario." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/8223.
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The term ???Integral Abutment Bridges??? is used broadly all over the world these days. While the expansion joints used in bridges were once a scientifically proved cure to the problem of natural expansion and contraction, there are the excessive maintenance costs being accumulated annually due to the deterioration of essential functions from deicing chemicals and debris. This drawback triggered the advent of Integral Abutment Bridges. The performance of Integral Abutment Bridges at almost no extra costs in seasonal and daily cyclic contraction and expansion can be assessed as a monumental landmark of civil engineering technologies with respect to the massive budget reductions.
However, since Integral Abutment Bridges are destined to expand or contract under the laws of nature, the bridge design became more complicated and sophisticated in order to complement the removal of expansion joints. That is why numerous researchers are attracted to Integral Abutment Bridges with deep interests. Accordingly, in designing the piled abutments of Integral bridges, it is essential to precisely predict the bridge???s behavior in advance.
Researchers have been broadly carried out during the last several decades on the behavior of piled bridge abutments. However, most of the studies have been analyzed with focus on structural elements or soils, respectively for the static and dynamic loads such as thermal variations and earthquake loads.
This presented research developed 3D numerical models with 3 m, 4 m, 5 m, 6 m, 7 m, and 8 m-tall abutments in the bridge using the finite element analysis software MIDAS CIVIL that simulate the behaviors of Integral Abutment Bridges to study the soil-structure interaction mechanism. In addition, this work evaluated and validated the suitability to the limit of the abutment height in Ontario???s recommendations for Integral Abutment Bridges by a parametric study under the combined static loading conditions. In order to be a balanced research in terms of a multidisciplinary study, this research analyzed key facts and issues related to soil-structure interaction mechanisms with both structural and geotechnical concerns. Moreover, the study established an explanatory diagram on soil-structure interaction mechanisms by cyclic thermal movements in Integral Abutment Bridges.
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Kalayci, Emre. "Analysis of Curved Integral Abutment Bridges." 2010. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/389.
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Deformation of bridges that are induced by thermal loads can be accommodated by expansion joints and bearings. Integral Abutment Bridges have gained acceptance as a way to mitigate potential damage from thermal movements, eliminating the poor performance and maintenance costs associated with expansion joints and bearings. However, integral abutments significantly change the structural response of the bridges. Several researches including real time field monitoring and finite element analyses have been conducted on straight and skewed integral abutment bridges in order to improve an understanding on field performance of them. Some state transportation agencies have also developed guidelines for the design of straight and skewed integral abutment bridges in recent years. In contrast, very little information is available on the performance of curved integral abutment bridges.
A detailed finite element model of Stockbridge Bridge, VT is used to evaluate the behavior of curved integral abutment bridges under self-weight and thermal loading. In addition, a parametric study is carried out to investigate the effects of bridge curvature and abutment backfill soil type. Finally, six additional finite element models are created to compare the responses of jointed (conventional) bridges and integral abutment bridges. Results reported include abutment displacements, rotations, moments in abutment piles, earth pressures and bridge superstructure moments. Suggestions for improvement of analytical modeling and recommendations for design of curved integral abutment bridges are made.
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Thompson, Theodore Algernon. "Passive earth pressures behind integral bridge abutments." 1999. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI9920660.
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A full-scale prototype integral bridge abutment was constructed at the University of Massachusetts Amherst as part of a project conducted for the Massachusetts Highway Department. Ten tests were then conducted during which the abutment was passively displaced into the backfill. The purpose of these tests was to determine the effect of foundation type, wingwall geometry, reloading, and backfill soil type on the lateral pressures generated following placement of the backfill and during the abutment movement. Individual tests were performed by placing and compacting the fill in lifts and then incrementally displacing the abutment into the fill. During this displacement, earth pressures at the abutment centerline, ‘quarterline,’ and wingwall centerline as well as the applied load and deflection of the abutment and wingwalls were measured. After a series of tests were performed with the abutment on a spread footing, the abutment was removed and piles were driven through precast holes in the footing. Two piles were instrumented with strain gages and inclinometers. The abutment was then replaced and the same types of tests were again performed. Results from testing indicated that during no test was the distribution or magnitude of lateral earth pressures similar to that predicted by classical theory. The use of an uncompacted sand zone directly behind the abutment face was found to reduce lateral earth pressures significantly. This zone was, however, found to compact after one cycle of reloading. Both wingwall geometry and foundation type were found to affect the lateral earth pressure magnitude and distribution. Equations were developed which predict the lateral earth pressure coefficient for any abutment deflection or point along the abutment height. Current design charts were also modified to account for the behavior observed during these tests.
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Kalayci, Emre. "Performance monitoring and analysis of integral abutment bridges." 2012. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3545945.
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Integral abutment bridges (IABs) have been constructed by State Departments of Transportation for a number of years. These bridges have been found to be cost effective from both an initial cost and life-cycle cost analysis. However, common design guidelines are lacking and non-uniform limitations on IAB design are imposed by different agencies. In order to evaluate design guidelines, the Vermont Agency of Transportation (VTrans) has initiated a program of field instrumentation and analysis to evaluate the performance of three IABs currently under construction. The research components are being conducted by the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. Three bridges are included, a straight bridge with 43 m (141 ft) span, a 15 degree skew bridge with 37 m (121 ft) span, and a curved two-span continuous structure with 11.25 degrees of curvature and 68 m (221 ft) total bridge length. The bridges are instrumented with 83, 89, and 131 gages, respectively. Instrumentation includes strain gages, pressure cells, displacement transducers, inclinometers, tiltmeters and thermistors. This dissertation describes the project scope, the bridge details and instrumentation of these sites, the finite element modeling scheme, the results of monitoring during construction and live load testing as well as the long-term monitoring for cyclic thermal loads with finite element modeling comparison.
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"Geotechnical considerations of the headwall/approach slab detail in semi-integral abutment bridges." Tulane University, 2006.
Find full textAbstract:
Integral bridges are single or multiple span bridges that are built in the form of an integral or a semi-integral configuration. Integral bridges have their superstructures cast monolithically with the abutments. This type construction eliminates costly joints and sealers as well as reduces maintenance costs associated with their use. This generally results in a more economical and low maintenance structure and better overall rideability. A slight modification of the integral abutment bridge is the semi-integral design, which eliminates joints, but still uses conventional bearings. However, unlike conventional bridges, the jointless slab protects these moveable bearings. Semi-integral bridges have end diaphragms (headwalls) integral with the superstructure, but non-integral with the foundations. Semi-integral bridges require a horizontal joint separating the superstructure and the abutment In this research, the behavior of semi-integral bridges was investigated through field monitoring and laboratory testing. For a period of 18 months, the field investigation included the monitoring and testing of all six semi-integral bridges constructed in Louisiana. One of theses six bridge, bridge 39-04-31 was selected for extensive monitoring and testing. In view of the review of existing records and field inspections and monitoring, the overall performance of these bridges was found to be satisfactory. It was concluded that the present design of semi-integral bridges used in Louisiana is structurally sound A small-scale semi-integral abutment bridge model was constructed in the materials lab of Tulane University. Several tests were then performed using this model to study the impact of several variables on the overall performance of the bridge. Displacement of the headwall and the lateral earth pressure are some of the parameters monitored during theses tests. Several sensors were attached to the model to collect the necessary data used in the analysis Results of the tests performed indicated that placing a geofoam between the abutment headwall and the embankment would significantly reduce the earth pressure on the abutment headwall. The use of uncompacted sand would also help in minimizing the magnitude of pressureacase@tulane.edu
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Al-Qarawi, Ahmed. "The application of EPS geofoam in mitigating the approach problems in integral abutment bridges." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.7/uws:37626.
Full textAbstract:
The present thesis aims to extend an insight into the soil-structure interaction behaviour in the Integral Abutment Bridge (IAB) with particular emphasis to the soil settlement and the lateral pressure issues at bridge approaches. It then investigates the effectiveness of the expanded polystyrene geofoam (EPS) in mitigating these effects. Physical modelling together with numerical analyses have been utilized to perform these investigations. A finite element model, first, developed using ABAQUS/standard software and used to simulate, in prototype dimensions, a wide-base embedded abutment experiencing cyclic movements as would be anticipated to occur in IABs. The model was validated using centrifuge test results from previous literature and employed to perform a parametric study on the dominant factors affecting the soil-abutment interaction behaviour. An experimental program then carried out to investigate the influence of the mode of wall movement, rotation or translation, and the effectiveness of the EPS geofoam inclusion using a physical model of a small wall retaining loose sand on one side. The experimental test results of the small wall were used to validate a finite element model that incorporated an EPS geofoam inclusion. The EPS behaviour was simulated using a hyper-foam constitutive model and calibrated using the laboratory test results. Following which, finite element modelling was applied to investigate the impact of using EPS geofoam inclusion in prototype dimensions on the soil settlement and lateral earth pressures in IABs. Different geometrical arrangements for the EPS inclusion have been investigated and conclusions about the optimum EPS arrangements have been given. Finally, the research conclusions and recommendations for future studies in regard to the soil-structure interaction behaviour in IABs and the possible remedy measures using the EPS geofoam are presented.
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Al-qarawi, Ahmed. "A study on the fundamental behaviour of soil-structure interaction and mitigating effects of EPS geofoam inclusions in integral abutment bridges." Thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.7/uws:62282.
Full textAbstract:
The traditional construction procedure of bridges involves the use of expansion joints to allow for unrestricted superstructure movements against the temperature induced deformations. However, expansion joints have been demonstrated to be vulnerable to deterioration thus requiring frequent and costly maintenance. In that regard, the Integral Abutment Bridge (IAB) system presents an attractive alternative to overcome such problems. In addition to the advantages achieved by eliminating the expansion joints, the IABs have desirable structural performance and offer simple and rapid construction procedures. In the last few decades, IABs have been increasingly utilised in many countries around the world. Nowadays, the integral and semi-integral abutment bridges are becoming the first choice in the construction of bridges. Nevertheless, the IABs yet have their unique problems that ensue from the regular expansions and contractions (including shrinkage) in the superstructure. These problems have negated some of the advantages of IABs and restricted their use. The complex soil-structure interaction mechanism in IABs has made it difficult for engineers to find the appropriate solution to address the approach issues in this type of bridges. Adopted remedy measures include the use of run-on concrete approach slabs, heavily compacted approach fill, compressible inclusion between the soil and the abutment, and self-stable MSE approach fill with gap separation between the abutment and the MSE fill. However, no single solution can adequately address the broad array of IAB cases, each under a different setting, across the world. The present thesis extends current insights on the soil-structure interaction of IABs, with particular emphasis on the effects on the soil settlement and the lateral pressure at the integral abutment approach. The aim is to provide a sound basis to develop potential or improve current mitigating solutions. The thesis then investigates using EPS geofoam as a mitigating solution through a study of soil-EPS and EPS–abutment interactions. A combination of physical modelling and numerical analyses has been utilized to perform these investigations. In the thesis, a comprehensive review of the existing practices in dealing with the soilstructure interaction effects in IABs has been undertaken. A novel analytical solution is developed to estimate the passive earth pressure based on an earlier hypothesis of Terzaghi. This solution provides an efficient tool to calculate the passive earth pressure which represents a fundamental input in the estimation of earth pressure in IABs.