Journal articles: 'Integral Abutment Bridge'

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Alqarawi, Ahmed S., Chin J. Leo, D. S. Liyanapathirana, and Sanka Ekanayake. "Parametric Study on the Approach Problem of an Integral Abutment Bridge Subjected to Cyclic Loading due to Temperature Changes." Applied Mechanics and Materials 846 (July 2016): 421–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.846.421.

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Integral Abutment Bridges are widely utilized around the world because they offer a design alternative minimizing the potential construction and maintenance difficulties associated with expansion joints in other types of bridges. However, integral bridge systems also have certain issues that result from the absence of expansion joints. This is because temperature changes induce cycles of elongations and shortenings in the bridge deck which lead to rotational movements in bridge abutments against and away from the retained soil. This phenomenon may develop long term problems in terms of settlement of the backfill at the bridge approach and escalation in the lateral earth pressure acting on the bridge abutments. This paper aims to investigate the approach settlement and lateral earth pressure development in integral bridges abutments using finite element modelling of a concrete bridge abutment and the adjoining soil using the ABAQUS software. The paper presents a parametric study of the effects imposed by abutment movements on the retained soil. This study also investigates the effectiveness of using expanded polystyrene (EPS) geofoam inclusions as a remedial measure to minimize the approach settlement and lateral stress ratcheting effects in Integral Abutment Bridges.

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Husain, Iqbal, and Dino Bagnariol. "Design and Performance of Jointless Bridges in Ontario: New Technical and Material Concepts." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1696, no. 1 (January 2000): 109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-14.

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It is well recognized that leaking expansion joints at the ends of bridge decks have led to the premature deterioration of bridge components. The elimination of these maintenance-prone joints not only yields immediate economic benefits but also improves the long-term durability of bridges. In Ontario, Canada, “jointless” bridges have been used for many years. Recently, the use of two main types of these bridges has increased dramatically. The first type is an “integral abutment” bridge that comprises an integral deck and abutment system supported on flexible piles. The approach slabs are also continuous with the deck slab. The flexible foundation allows the anticipated deck movements to take place at the end of the approach slab. Control joint details have been developed to allow movements at this location. The second type is a “semi-integral abutment” bridge that also allows expansion joints to be eliminated from the end of the bridge deck. The approach slabs are continuous with the deck slab, and the abutments are supported on rigid foundations (spread footings). The superstructure is not continuous with the abutments, and conventional bearings are used to allow horizontal movements between the deck and the abutments. A control joint is provided at the end of the approach slab that is detailed to slide in between the wing walls. Some of the design methods and construction details that are used in Ontario for integral and semi-integral abutment bridges are summarized. A review of the actual performance of existing bridges is also presented.

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Lawver, Andrew, Catherine French, and Carol K. Shield. "Field Performance of Integral Abutment Bridge." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1740, no. 1 (January 2000): 108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1740-14.

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The behavior of an integral abutment bridge near Rochester, Minnesota, was investigated from the beginning of construction through several years of service by monitoring more than 180 instruments that were installed in the bridge during construction. The instrumentation was used to measure abutment horizontal movement, abutment rotation, abutment pile strains, earth pressure behind abutments, pier pile strains, prestressed girder strains, concrete deck strains, thermal gradients, steel reinforcement strains, girder displacements, approach panel settlement, frost depth, and weather. In addition to determining the seasonal and daily trends of bridge behavior, live-load tests were conducted. All of the bridge components performed within the design parameters. The effects from the environmental loading of solar radiation and changing ambient temperature were found to be as large as or larger than live-load effects. The abutment was found to accommodate superstructure expansion and contraction through horizontal translation instead of rotation. The abutment piles appeared to be deforming in double curvature, with measured pile strains on the approach panel side of the piles indicating the onset of yielding.

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Huntley, Shelley A., and Arun J. Valsangkar. "Behaviour of H-piles supporting an integral abutment bridge." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 51, no. 7 (July 2014): 713–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2013-0254.

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Integral abutment bridges accommodate thermal superstructure movements through flexible foundations rather than expansion joints. While these structures are a common alternative to conventional design, the literature on measured field stresses in piles supporting integral abutments appears to be quite limited. Therefore, field data from strain gauges installed on the abutment foundation piles of a 76 m long; two-span integral abutment bridge are the focus of this paper. Axial load, weak- and strong-axis bending moments of the foundation piles, as well as abutment movement and backfill response, are presented and discussed. Results indicate that the abutment foundation piles are bending in double curvature about the weak axis, as a result of thermal bridge movements, and bending also about the strong axis due to tilting of the abutments. A simple subgrade modulus approach is used to show its applicability in predicting behaviour under lateral loading. In the past, much emphasis has been placed on the lateral displacements of piles and less on variations of axial load. In this paper, a new hypothesis, which offers insight into the mechanisms behind the observed thermal variations in axial load, is proposed and assessed. The data from the field monitoring are also compared with the limited data reported in the literature.

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Guo, WQ, XY Luo, YF Tang, RH Fu, and A. Javanmardi. "Study on Mechanical Properties of Simply Supported Girder Bridge after Jointless." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2158, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2158/1/012023.

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Abstract The jointless bridges includes integral bridges, semi-integral bridges and extended deck bridges. The integral bridges adopts an integral abutment, and its main girder, abutment and pile under abutment are fixed together to bear the force together. The expansion joint and expansion device are cancelled, and the integrity, durability and driving comfort of the bridge are improved. In this paper, a simply supported girder bridge in Fujian Province of China is taken as the research background, and it is transformed into an integral bridge. Midas/Civil software is used to establish the finite element models of the original bridge and the integral bridge, and the mechanical properties of the main girder and the pile under the combined action of dead load and overall temperature rise of 25 °C are analyzed. The results show that due to the consolidation of the main girder and abutment of the integral bridge, the internal force at the girder end under the combined action of temperature and dead load is greater than that of the simply supported beam bridge. The pile deformation of the integral bridge is significant under the combination of temperature and dead load. With the increase of the height-to-thickness ratio of the abutment of integral bridge, the bending moment at the girder end and the mid-span are increasing. Different abutment height-to-thickness ratio has little influence on the horizontal displacement of the girder end of integral bridge. With the increase of height-to-thickness ratio of the abutment of integral bridge, the deformation of pile decreases. The flexible abutment with large height-to-thickness ratio can improve the mechanical properties of pile and achieve the purpose of protecting the pile.

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Awad Ibnouf, Omer, and Eltayeb Hassan Onsa. "Effects of temperature changes on voided slab integral abutment bridge." FES Journal of Engineering Sciences 9, no. 1 (February 22, 2021): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.52981/fjes.v9i1.666.

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Integral Abutment Bridges (IABs) are joint-less bridges whereby the deck is monolithic with the abutment walls. IABs are outperforming their non-integral counterparts in economy and safety. Thermal effects introduce significantly complex and nonlinear soil-structure interaction into the response of abutment walls and piles of the IB. This paper carried out comprehensive study on voided slab system with five spans bridge each span is 17m long. The bridge has been modelled using SAP software. The abutments and pile foundations are modeled taking into consideration the soil-structure interaction. The study covered a design uniform temperature change of (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50) °C. To gain a better understanding of the mechanism of load transfer due to thermal actions, a 3D frame anal¬ysis is carried out on the above mentioned IABs. The results showed wide range of different linear and lightly non-linear relationships between temperature range, deformations and moments. The paper highlighted the serious effect of the deformations resulting from the repeated temperature change which causes drop in soil or bombing at the abutments ~ embankment contact zone.

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Awad, Mohammed, and Tian Lai Yu. "Computer Modeling and Parametric Study of Thermal Effects in Integral Abutment Bridge." Advanced Materials Research 446-449 (January 2012): 733–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.446-449.733.

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Structural behavior of concrete integral abutment bridge subjected to temperature rise was investigated through a numerical modeling and parametric study. Long-term, field monitoring through the summer was performed on Industrial Park Bridge located in Heilongjiang province, China from June 13, 2010 until June 28, 2010. The collected data was used to validate the accuracy of a 3D-finite element model of the bridge which took into account soil-structure interaction. Based on the calibrated finite element model a parametric study considered two parameters, bridge length and abutment height, was carried out to investigate the effects of this parameters on structural behavior of integral abutment bridge subject to temperature rise. It was determined that Thermal load in the superstructure of the integral bridge develop significant magnitudes of bending and axial forces in the superstructure. The largest magnitude of thermally induced moment always occurs near the abutment, and axial force is constant across the length of each span. For bridge thermal expansion, longer bridges and taller abutments cause larger thermally induced superstructure axial force due to development of higher backfill pressure. Generally span length has a higher influence for thermally induced superstructure forces in terms of axial force and bending moment than the abutment height.

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Huntley, Shelley A., and Arun J. Valsangkar. "Field monitoring of earth pressures on integral bridge abutments." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 50, no. 8 (August 2013): 841–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2012-0440.

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Integral abutment bridges have become a successful alternative to the traditional design procedure of using expansion joints to balance the thermal movements of bridge structures. However, there are many design and detailing variations, and uncertainties exist about the soil–structure interaction of the integral abutments. Therefore, field data from pressure cells installed behind the abutments of a 76 m long, two-span, pile-supported integral abutment bridge are the focus of this paper. The data on external displacements of the abutments are also reported. The applicability of using common theoretical passive earth pressure coefficients is assessed and it appears that the traditional methods of Coulomb and Rankine are not the best approach for predicting the earth pressure envelope. Additionally, over the monitoring period of three years, it was found that a definite conclusion regarding the ratcheting of lateral earth pressure could not be established for this bridge site. Finally, comparisons to earth pressures measured at other field studies indicate variability in the earth pressure distribution, magnitude, and behaviour over time, as these are dependent on several factors distinctive to each bridge site.

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Vasconez, Rosa, Aliaksei Kustau, and Husam Najm. "An overview of integral abutments: Current practices, field monitoring and deck replacement measures." Bridge Structures 18, no. 1-2 (September 28, 2022): 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/brs-220196.

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The use of integral abutments in bridges goes back many years to the late 1930’s in the United States. Over the years, integral bridges became more popular as more and more states built those bridges and more engineers became familiar with their design and construction. These bridges are being built in Europe since the 1980’s. An integral abutment bridge acts as a frame structure with a continuity connection between the superstructure and the substructure. The substructure is typically an integral cap supported on single row of piles that provides flexibility to accommodate thermal loads and displacements. The main advantage of integral abutment bridges is that they are built without expansion joints which eliminates maintenance costs and reduces construction costs. Because of the interaction between the soil and the integral abutment under the applied loads and the cyclic nature of thermal loads, the analysis and design of integral abutment bridges can be, in some cases, challenging especially when the designs falls outside the geometrical limits set by existing standards. This overview focus on field performance data reported in the literature and interpretation of this data. IT also highlights the needs for more test data during construction and for long term performance under cyclic thermal movements. Deck replacement requirements in integral abutments were investigated using analytical models and recommendations for deck replacement preparations are provided.

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Choi, Byung H., Lorenz B. Moreno, Churl-Soo Lim, Duy-Duan Nguyen, and Tae-Hyung Lee. "Seismic Performance Evaluation of a Fully Integral Concrete Bridge with End-Restraining Abutments." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (March 27, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6873096.

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A fully integral bridge that is restrained at both ends by the abutments has been proposed to form a monolithic rigid frame structure. Thus, the feasible horizontal force effect due to an earthquake or vehicle braking is mainly prevented by the end-restraining abutments. In a recent study, a fully integral bridge with appropriate end-restraining abutment stiffness was derived for a multispan continuous railroad bridge based on linear elastic behavior. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the nonlinear behavior and seismic capacity of the fully integral bridge and then to assess the appropriate stiffness of the end-restraining abutment to sufficiently resist design earthquake loadings through a rigorous parametric study. The finite element modeling and analyses are performed using OpenSees. In order to obtain the force-deflection curves of the models, nonlinear static pushover analysis is performed. It is confirmed that the fully integral bridge prototype in the study meets the seismic performance criteria specified by Caltrans. The nonlinear static pushover analysis results reveal that, due to the end-restraining effect of the abutment, the lateral displacement of the fully integral bridge is reduced, and the intermediate piers sustain less lateral force and displacement. Then, the sectional member forces are well controlled in the intermediate piers by a proper application of the end-restraining abutments.

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David, Thevaneyan K., and John P. Forth. "Integral Pile-Backfill Soil Relationship in Stub-Type Integral Abutment Bridge." Applied Mechanics and Materials 699 (November 2014): 388–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.699.388.

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Temperature effects are significant to the sustainability of integral abutment bridges with the elimination of expansion joints. The thermally induced lateral movement of the structural components is opposed by the backfill soil supporting the components of integral abutment bridges. A 2D finite element analysis was performed on a typical integral abutment bridge using OASYS SAFE to investigate the complex interactions that exist between the pile supporting stub-type integral abutment and the backfill soil. The primary objective of this paper is to compare the effect of various soil types on the displacement of the piles when subjected to lateral loading and secondly to identify the significance of cyclic lateral load on the behaviour of the piles for various foundation soil types. The results suggest similar effect on the integral pile displacements for investigated soil types, especially for non-cyclic lateral loading.

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Maleki, Shervin, and Alireza Siadat. "The Response Modification Factor for Seismic Design of Integral Abutment Bridges." Journal of Civil Engineering and Construction 10, no. 3 (August 15, 2021): 140–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32732/jcec.2021.10.3.140.

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The response modification factor (R factor) is a crucial parameter for calculating the design seismic forces applied to a bridge structure. This factor considers the nonlinear performance of bridges during strong ground motions. Conventional bridge structures rely on the substructure components to resist earthquake forces. Accordingly, there are R factors available in the design codes based on the type of bridge substructure system. Lateral load resisting system of Integral Abutment Bridges (IABs) in the longitudinal direction is more complex than ordinary bridges. It involves the contributions from soils behind the abutments and soil/structure interaction (SSI) in addition to existing rigid connection between the superstructure and abutments. There is no R factor available in any design code throughout the world for IABs in the longitudinal direction that considers all these parameters. In this research, the Federal Emergency Management Agency publication FEMA P695 methodology has been applied to estimate the R factor for IABs. It is found that 3.5 could be a safe and valid R factor in the longitudinal direction for seismic design of such bridges.

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Yu, Tian Lai, and Mohammed Awad. "Effect of Bridge-Soil Interaction on Behavior of Integral Bridge." Applied Mechanics and Materials 137 (October 2011): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.137.123.

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In this paper analytical evaluation of influence of bridge-soil interaction on the structural behavior of integral bridge with adjacent concrete box beams deck subjected to temperature rise was performed. Three different soil conditions loose, medium, and dense sand for the uppermost layer soil adjacent to abutment and abutment column were studied. Long-term, field monitoring was performed on FuYu bridge located in Heilongjiang province, China. The recorded data was used to validate the accuracy of a finite element model of this bridge which explicitly incorporates the nonlinear soil spring response. The finite element analysis indicated that soil condition adjacent to the abutment and abutment column is important factor affecting the response of the integral abutment bridge to thermal loads in terms of soil pressure behind the abutment, and axial forces and moments in the composite deck. As the soil varied from loose to dense condition the soil pressure behind the abutment increases more than 4 times and axial forces in the bridge deck increases by about 50% and bending moments in the composite deck increases by about 40%.

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Fausett, Robert W., Paul J. Barr, and Marvin W. Halling. "Live-Load Testing Application Using a Wireless Sensor System and Finite-Element Model Analysis of an Integral Abutment Concrete Girder Bridge." Journal of Sensors 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/859486.

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As part of an investigation on the performance of integral abutment bridges, a single-span, integral abutment, prestressed concrete girder bridge near Perry, Utah was instrumented for live-load testing. The live-load test included driving trucks at 2.24 m/s (5 mph) along predetermined load paths and measuring the corresponding strain and deflection. The measured data was used to validate a finite-element model (FEM) of the bridge. The model showed that the integral abutments were behaving as 94% of a fixed-fixed support. Live-load distribution factors were obtained using this validated model and compared to those calculated in accordance to recommended procedures provided in the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications (2010). The results indicated that if the bridge was considered simply supported, the AASHTO LRFD Specification distribution factors were conservative (in comparison to the FEM results). These conservative distribution factors, along with the initial simply supported design assumption resulted in a very conservative bridge design. In addition, a parametric study was conducted by modifying various bridge properties of the validated bridge model, one at a time, in order to investigate the influence that individual changes in span length, deck thickness, edge distance, skew, and fixity had on live-load distribution. The results showed that the bridge properties with the largest influence on bridge live-load distribution were fixity, skew, and changes in edge distance.

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Kim, Woo Seok, Jae Ha Lee, and Chan Jeoung. "Concrete Crack Control of Pile-to-Pilecap Connection in Integral Abutment Bridges under Cyclic Bridge Movement." Advanced Materials Research 753-755 (August 2013): 462–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.753-755.462.

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Steel pile-concrete abutment connection in integral abutment bridges is vulnerable to cyclic bridge movement as well as seismic loads. Although this connection may determine the bridge strength and performance against the above loads, previous researches have merely focused on this connection. This study has investigated crack patterns using finite element analyses. The bridge movements were classified into three cases: (1) translation only; (2) rotation only; and (3) simultaneous translation and rotation. The identified cracks were diagonally occurred from the steel pile. PennDOT DM-4 reinforcement detail was hardly effective in controlling crack growing. This study also investigated spiral type reinforcement for the connection, and this type of reinforcement detail significantly improved the crack control capacity in integral abutment bridges.

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Zhuang, Yizhou, Keyao Wu, Liang Xu, Huihui Li, Diego Maria Barbieri, and Zhumei Fu. "Investigation on Flooding-Resistant Performance of Integral Abutment and Jointless Bridge." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (February 21, 2020): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1520278.

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Bridge washouts connected to flood events are deemed one of the main reasons for structural collapse. Compared to traditional continuous jointed bridges, integral abutment and jointless bridges (IAJBs) have better lateral stability because there are no expansion devices. The mechanical performance of Shangban IAJ bridge, located in Fujian, China, is thoroughly investigated by Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The numerical model is created and validated based on experimental results obtained from static load tests performed on the bridge. A detailed parametric analysis is carried out to assess the correlation between the flood-resistant performance and a number of parameters: skew angle, water-blocking area, span number, pile section geometry, and abutment height. Except for the abutment height, other parameters significantly affect the bridge performance. Furthermore, the change in the span number has a meaningful impact only when fewer than four spans are modeled. Finally, pushover analyses estimate the maximum transverse displacement and the sequence of plastic hinge creation as well as the mechanical behaviour of the structure under lateral flood loads. The analysis results show that IAJBs have better flooding-resistant performance than conventional jointed bridges.

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Duncan, J. M., and Sami Arsoy. "Effect of Bridge-Soil Interaction on Behavior of Piles Supporting Integral Bridges." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1849, no. 1 (January 2003): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1849-11.

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As the temperature of an integral bridge changes, the length of the bridge increases and decreases, so that the abutments are pushed against the approach fill and then pulled away, causing lateral deflections at the tops of the piles that support the bridge. As a result, complex interactions take place among the abutment, the approach fill, the foundation soil, and the piles supporting integral bridges. Finite element analyses were performed to investigate these complex interactions. The results of this study indicate that these interactions have a beneficial effect on the stresses in the piles supporting the bridges. Because of these interactions, the foundation soil acts as if it were softer, resulting in reduced shear and moment in the piles at a given amount of deflection at the tops of the piles and therefore reduced stresses in the piles.

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Kerokoski, Olli, and Hans Pétursson. "Integral bridge abutment-approach embankment interaction." IABSE Symposium Report 97, no. 20 (January 1, 2010): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/222137810796025429.

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Civjan, Scott A., Emre Kalayci, Brooke H. Quinn, Sergio F. Breña, and Chad A. Allen. "Observed integral abutment bridge substructure response." Engineering Structures 56 (November 2013): 1177–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.06.029.

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Kim, Wooseok, Jeffrey A. Laman, Farzin Zareian, Geunhyung Min, and Dohyung Lee. "Influence of Construction Joint and Bridge Geometry on Integral Abutment Bridges." Applied Sciences 11, no. 11 (May 29, 2021): 5031. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11115031.

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Although integral abutment bridges (IABs) have become a preferred construction choice for short- to medium-length bridges, they still have unclear bridge design guidelines. As IABs are supported by nonlinear boundaries, bridge geometric parameters strongly affect IAB behavior and complicate predicting the bridge response for design and assessment purposes. This study demonstrates the effect of four dominant parameters: (1) girder material, (2) bridge length, (3) backfill height, and (4) construction joint below girder seats on the response of IABs to the rise and fall of AASHTO extreme temperature with time-dependent effects in concrete materials. The effect of factors influencing bridge response, such as (1) bridge construction timeline, (2) concrete thermal expansion coefficient, (3) backfill stiffness, and (4) pile-soil stiffness, are assumed to be constant. To compare girder material and bridge geometry influence, the study evaluates four critical superstructure and substructure response parameters: (1) girder axial force, (2) girder bending moment, (3) pile moment, and (4) pile head displacement. All IAB bridge response values were strongly related to the four considered parameters, while they were not always linearly proportional. Prestressed concrete (PSC) bridge response did not differ significantly from the steel bridge response. Forces and moments in the superstructure and the substructure induced by thermal movements and time-dependent loads were not negligible and should be considered in the design process.

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Ibrahim, Muhammad Khairil, Azlan Ab Rahman, and Baderul Hisham Ahmad. "Vehicle Induced Vibration on Real Bridge and Integral Abutment Bridge – A Short Review." Applied Mechanics and Materials 773-774 (July 2015): 923–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.773-774.923.

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Nowadays, vehicle-induced vibration is a subject matter interest in the bridge monitoring field. As compared to other types of excitation such as earthquake and accidental impact, the vehicle-induced vibration is often being less considered during the design process of the bridge. The newly implemented code also does not emphasize on the vibration check for vehicular bridge and requires the engineers to refer to other “unnamed literature” if they would want to consider vibration check during the design process. However, in recent years there were few reported cases of road users experiencing the excessive vibration when they travelled on certain bridges, therefore raising concern among the bridge designer community the need for vibration check. This paper reviews several conducted researches on vehicle-induced vibration on the real bridge, the methodologies adopted and the outcome from each research. While there are extensive research been conducted on the real bridge, this review is limited to the conducted research into the different categories of bridges. Vehicle- induced vibration usually used for modal testing of the vehicular bridges and is chosen due to the flexibility offered by this method as type of excitation. Most of the researchers focused on the vibration by the vehicle of common bridge while less researches for the integral type. In the context of the integral bridge construction in Malaysia, bored pile is widely being used rather than H-type piles for integral bridges. Hence, there is a need for further exploration on the combination of integral type bridges with the bored pile foundation to assess their dynamic characteristics.

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Zhao, Qiuhong, Shuo Dong, and Qingwei Wang. "Seismic Response of Skewed Integral Abutment Bridges under Near-Fault Ground Motions, Including Soil–Structure Interaction." Applied Sciences 11, no. 7 (April 3, 2021): 3217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11073217.

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Studies on the seismic response of skewed integral abutment bridges have mainly focused on response under far-field non-pulse-type ground motions, yet the large amplitude and long-period velocity pulses in near-fault ground motions might have significant impacts on bridge seismic response. In this study, the nonlinear dynamic response of an skewed integral abutment bridge (SIAB) under near-fault pulse and far-fault non-pulse type ground motions are analyzed considering the soil–structure interaction, along with parametric studies on bridge skew angle and compactness of abutment backfill. For the analyses, three sets of near-fault pulse ground motion records are selected based on the bridge site conditions, and three corresponding far-field non-pulse artificial records are fitted by their acceleration response spectra. The results show that the near-fault pulse type ground motions are generally more destructive than the non-pulse motions on the nonlinear dynamic response of SIABs, but the presence of abutment backfill will mitigate the pulse effects to some extent. Coupling of the longitudinal and transverse displacements as well as rotation of the bridge deck would increase with the skew angle, and so do the internal forces of steel H piles. The influence of the skew angle would be most obvious when the abutment backfill is densely compacted.

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Wang, Tian Li, Qing Ning Li, and Da Lin Hu. "Theoretical Model and Mechanical Performance of Semi-Integral Abutment Jointless Bridge." Applied Mechanics and Materials 361-363 (August 2013): 1166–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.361-363.1166.

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Expansion joint of a bridge is a weak part of structure, it leads to early structure destroy and reduces the bridge life. The paper put forward a new type of Jointless Bridge --- Semi–Integral Abutment Jointless Bridge, and its theoretical model was built. An engineering of four spans 100m length Prestressed Concrete Semi–Integral Abutment Jointless Bridge was analyzed, and results that its mechanical performance is so excellent that it should be wide applied in bridge engineering.

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Mourad, Shehab, and Sami W. Tabsh. "Pile Forces in Integral Abutment Bridges Subjected to Truck Loads." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1633, no. 1 (January 1998): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1633-10.

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Interest in the use of integral bridges has increased in recent years because of their economy, reliability, and strength. However, most of the published research on integral bridges has been concerned with determination of the thermal effect, creep analysis, and seismic behavior. Few studies on live load analysis of integral abutment bridges have been carried out. The pile load behavior of integral abutments supporting composite steel superstructures subjected to gravity loads is investigated. The applied loading is composed of one or more side-by-side HS20-44 trucks. The finite element method is used to analyze the three-dimensional bridge system and determine forces in the piles. A parametric study is performed to obtain the effects of the number of trucks and their location, superstructure geometry, pile spacing and stiffness, pile connection type, and wingwall length on the pile loads. A simple, approximate procedure for computing pile loads is developed on the basis of the findings of the finite element analysis. The results indicate that the abutment-wingwall system does not behave as a rigid block as in the conventional case of a footing on flexible piles. Also, the generated bending moment in the piles caused by gravity load is significant and cannot be neglected in design.

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Xu, Ming, Chris RI Clayton, and Alan G. Bloodworth. "The earth pressure behind full-height frame integral abutments supporting granular fill." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 44, no. 3 (March 1, 2007): 284–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t06-122.

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Compared with conventional bridges, integral bridges have no bearings or joints between the deck and abutments and thus can significantly reduce maintenance requirements and costs over the bridge's lifetime. However, there is uncertainty about the ultimate magnitude of the lateral earth pressure behind such abutments, as they are forced to move with the deck length change caused, for example, by daily and annual variations in the effective bridge temperature. This research investigated the earth pressure that would be expected to occur behind full-height frame integral abutments backfilled by granular materials. Radial strain-controlled cyclic stress path testing has been conducted on coarse sand specimens and a glass ballotini specimen. The results suggest that for integral abutments retaining uniform coarse sand, the lateral earth pressure will experience systematic increases for almost all cyclic strain levels, eventually reaching states of stress close to both active and passive. The mechanism of the buildup of lateral stress is explored, and it appears to be associated with nonspherical granular particle shape. The implications for frame integral abutment design are discussed.Key words: integral abutments, granular, particle shape, earth pressure, stiffness.

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Pecník, Miroslav, Viktor Borzovič, and Kamil Laco. "Non-Linear FEM Analysis of Integral Bridges Transition Area." Solid State Phenomena 259 (May 2017): 152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.259.152.

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The transition area of bridges is non-homogeneous solid, which consists of soil embankment, transition slab and roadway layers. These transition area elements consist of various materials with different properties. Besides the imposed loads, behavior of these areas is significantly affected by uneven settlement between the bridge abutment and soil embankment. In case of integral bridges horizontal movements of a bridge caused mostly by temperature and ongoing rheological phenomena in concrete have to be taken into account. This leads to abutment deformation in combination with time dependent soil consolidation it results in varying earth pressure over the bridges lifetime together with cyclic horizontal movements of the pavement resulting in its cracks and excessive deformations. In this paper, comparison of different approaches to finite element analysis of transition areas is presented. First analysis was performed using area elements to represent the bridge structure, and volume elements to represent embankment, while second analysis was performed in more conservative way using spring based method proposed by Křížek[3], as representation of the surrounding soil. Results obtained via both methods are compared with each other as well as with data obtained from experimental measurment of a transition area conducted in Switzerland [1].

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Easazadeh Far, Narges, and Majid Barghian. "Safety Identifying of Integral Abutment Bridges under Seismic and Thermal Loads." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/757608.

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Integral abutment bridges (IABs) have many advantages over conventional bridges in terms of strength and maintenance cost. Due to the integrity of these structures uniform thermal and seismic loads are known important ones on the structure performance. Although all bridge design codes consider temperature and earthquake loads separately in their load combinations for conventional bridges, the thermal load is an “always on” load and, during the occurrence of an earthquake, these two important loads act on bridge simultaneously. Evaluating the safety level of IABs under combination of these loads becomes important. In this paper, the safety of IABs—designed by AASHTO LRFD bridge design code—under combination of thermal and seismic loads is studied. To fulfill this aim, first the target reliability indexes under seismic load have been calculated. Then, these analyses for the same bridge under combination of thermal and seismic loads have been repeated and the obtained reliability indexes are compared with target indexes. It is shown that, for an IAB designed by AASHTO LRFD, the indexes have been reduced under combined effects. So, the target level of safety during its design life is not provided and the code’s load combination should be changed.

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Phares, Brent M., Adam S. Faris, Lowell Greimann, and Dean Bierwagen. "Integral Bridge Abutment to Approach Slab Connection." Journal of Bridge Engineering 18, no. 2 (February 2013): 179–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)be.1943-5592.0000333.

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29

Pétursson, Hans, Peter Collin, Milan Veljkovic, and Jörgen Andersson. "Monitoring of a Swedish Integral Abutment Bridge." Structural Engineering International 21, no. 2 (May 2011): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/101686611x12994961034291.

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30

Kim, WooSeok, and Jeffrey A. Laman. "Integral abutment bridge response under thermal loading." Engineering Structures 32, no. 6 (June 2010): 1495–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.01.004.

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31

Won, Myoung-Soo, and Christine Patinga Langcuyan. "Numerical Analyses on the Behavior of Geosynthetic-Reinforced Soil: Integral Bridge and Integrated Bridge System." Applied Sciences 11, no. 17 (September 2, 2021): 8144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11178144.

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Geosynthetic-reinforced soil (GRS) technology has been used worldwide since the 1970s. An extension to its development is the application as a bridge abutment, which was initially developed by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) in the United States, called the GRS—integrated bridge system (GRS-IBS). Now, there are several variations of this technology, which includes the GRS Integral Bridge (GRS-IB) developed in Japan in the 2000s. In this study, the GRS-IB and GRS-IBS are examined. The former uses a GRS bridge abutment with a staged-construction full height rigid (FHR) facing integrated to a continuous girder on top of the FHR facings. The latter uses a block-faced GRS bridge abutment that supports the girders without bearings. In addition, a conventional integral bridge (IB) is considered for comparison. The numerical analyses of the three bridges using Plaxis 2D under static and dynamic loadings are presented. The results showed that the GRS-IB exhibited the least lateral displacement (almost zero) at wall facing and vertical displacements increments at the top of the abutment compared to those of the GRS-IBS and IB. The presence of the reinforcements (GRS-IB) reduced the vertical displacement increments by 4.7 and 1.3 times (max) compared to IB after the applied general traffic and railway loads, respectively. In addition, the numerical results revealed that the GRS-IB showed the least displacement curves in response to the dynamic load. Generally, the results revealed that the GRS-IB performed ahead of both the GRS-IBS and IB considering the internal and external behavior under static and dynamic loading.

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32

Yu, Tian Lai, Xiao Long Sun, and Su Feng Zhang. "Analysis of Integral Abutment Bridge Static Load Test." Applied Mechanics and Materials 361-363 (August 2013): 1406–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.361-363.1406.

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In order to understand the form of deformation and stress characteristics of the integral abutment bridge structures under the loads, this paper bases on Fuyu industrial park crossing bridge, through test vehicle load simulating design load, does a static load test for the bridge, and with the aid of theoretical method to simulate the interaction of pile and soil, builds finite element model, compares between measured and theoretical values of deflection and stress, gets that, the bridge bearing capacity and stiffness is bigger, with sufficient safety reserves.

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33

Arsoy, Sami, J. M. Duncan, and R. M. Barker. "Approach to Evaluating Damage from Thermal Bridge Displacements." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1936, no. 1 (January 2005): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105193600115.

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Bridges are subject to daily and seasonal thermal displacement cycles. In conventional bridges, expansion joints are used to accommodate these displacements. However, in integral bridges, the expansion joints are eliminated, and the superstructure, along with the bridge abutments, undergoes displacements during each temperature cycle. A practical approach to model both daily and seasonal temperature cycles was proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed approach was verified by conducting large-scale laboratory tests on segments of a bridge abutment supported by two different pile types: an H-pile and a prestressed reinforced concrete pile. The results of the tests have shown that the proposed method is practical and capable of detecting damage mechanisms induced by daily thermal displacement cycles. Test results also have shown that damage from daily thermal displacements is more pronounced in materials with nonlinear stress–strain properties.

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Wang, Tian Li, Qing Ning Li, and Da Lin Hu. "The Review about a New Type of Bridge Structure — Semi–Integral Abutment Jointless Bridge." Advanced Materials Research 368-373 (October 2011): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.72.

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It was well known that expansion joint of a bridge was a weak part of structure, it led to early structure destroy and reduced the bridge life. Basing on Life-Cycle Design of bridge structure , a new type of optimum bridge structure --- Semi–Integral Abutment Jointless Bridge was put forward. Firstly the new bridge structure was defined and its performance was described. Then several problems that included temperature effect, the interaction of structure-soil etc were discussed about the application of the new bridge structure. Finally the conclusion is the Semi–Integral Abutment Jointless Bridge is a kind of durable bridge structure that has rational mechanical performance and great practical value.

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Chen, Chao Wei. "Analysis on the Mechanical Behavior of the Pile Base of Integral Abutment Skew Bridge." Applied Mechanics and Materials 275-277 (January 2013): 1203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.275-277.1203.

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Ansys, the large-scale general FE program, was used to establish computational models of 3×16m-long integral abutment skew bridge with different skew angle to analyze the mechanical characteristics of pile base under the temperature load. Through the analysis of parameters, some helpful conclusions, which would pave the way for further exploration on mechanical behavior of integral abutment skew bridge, were reached.

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36

Civjan, Scott A., Christine Bonczar, Sergio F. Breña, Jason DeJong, and Daniel Crovo. "Integral Abutment Bridge Behavior: Parametric Analysis of a Massachusetts Bridge." Journal of Bridge Engineering 12, no. 1 (January 2007): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1084-0702(2007)12:1(64).

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37

Cai, Yuankun. "Study on Seismic Design and Behaviour of the Integral Abutment." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 10 (August 16, 2022): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v10i.1226.

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The integral abutment bridge (IAB) has been regarded as an efficient and effective seismic design in bridge structures by many civil engineers in recent years. In this paper, some advantages of IAB are shown. By comparing with the traditional abutments, the design of IAB can save the cost of those expansion devices in both the construction phase and maintenance phase. Moreover, the seismic performance of IAB is proved to be better for its unique advantages such as increasing integrity by cancelling the expansion joints and bearings, reducing the backfilling pressure, and limiting the rotation. Therefore, the application of IAB has been spread in many countries, especially in America. However, this paper also conducts some problems in the field of IAB which can be regarded as the potential research direction. The first is the delay of IAB’s application in China and the corresponding urgent requirement. The second is the absence of a unified specification. And the last is that the advanced-performance piles in the integral abutment are expensive. The information presented in this paper aims to help arise and expand the relative emphasis and research in the field of IAB.

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38

Shi, Jun, Jiyang Shen, Xiaohui Yu, Junran Liu, Guangchun Zhou, and Pengcheng Li. "Stressing State Analysis of an Integral Abutment Curved Box-Girder Bridge Model." Materials 12, no. 11 (June 6, 2019): 1841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12111841.

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This paper experimentally investigates the working behavior characteristics of an integral abutment curved box-girder (IACBG) bridge model based on the structural stressing state theory. First, the stressing state of the bridge model is represented by generalized strain energy density (GSED) values at each load Fj and characterized by the normalized GSED sum Ej,norm. Then, the Mann-Kendall (M-K) criterion is adopted to detect the stressing state mutations of the bridge model from Ej,norm-Fj curve in order to achieve the new definition of structural failure load. Correspondingly, the stressing state modes for the bridge model’s sections and internal forces are reached in order to investigate their variation characteristics and the coordinated working behavior around the updated failure load. The unseen knowledge is revealed by studying working behavior characteristics of the bridge model. Therefore, the analytical results could provide a new structural analysis method, which updates the definition of the existing structural failure load and provides a reference for future design of the bridges.

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39

Pugasap, K., and J. A. Laman. "Integral abutment bridge hysteresis model for long prediction." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Bridge Engineering 162, no. 1 (March 2009): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/bren.2009.162.1.35.

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40

MUNOZ, Miguel, Junqing XUE, Bruno BRISEGHELLA, and Camillo NUTI. "Semi Static Loads in an Integral Abutment Bridge." IABSE Symposium Report 106, no. 13 (May 8, 2016): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/222137816819258285.

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41

Civjan, Scott A., Sergio F. Breña, David A. Butler, and Daniel S. Crovo. "Field Monitoring of Integral Abutment Bridge in Massachusetts." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1892, no. 1 (January 2004): 160–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1892-17.

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42

Zordan, Tobia, Bruno Briseghella, and Cheng Lan. "Parametric and pushover analyses on integral abutment bridge." Engineering Structures 33, no. 2 (February 2011): 502–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.11.009.

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43

Ahn, Jin-Hee, Ji-Hyun Yoon, Jong-Hak Kim, and Sang-Hyo Kim. "Evaluation on the behavior of abutment–pile connection in integral abutment bridge." Journal of Constructional Steel Research 67, no. 7 (July 2011): 1134–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2011.02.007.

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44

Movahedifar, Mojtaba, and Jafar Bolouri-Bazaz. "AN INVESTIGATION ON THE EFFECT OF CYCLIC DISPLACEMENT ON THE INTEGRAL BRIDGE ABUTMENT." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 20, no. 2 (March 10, 2014): 256–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2013.802707.

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The integral bridge abutment, as a special type of retaining wall, is subject to cyclic displacement, which is due to the daily and seasonal temperature variations. The frame of this type of bridges is rigid and jointless. This requires that the slab of the bridge to be longitudinally continuous without expansion joints. This causes cyclic displacement to be imposed to the backfill material of integral bridge abutment. It should be pointed out that the omission of expansion joints helps to provide a fluent traffic and a reduction in maintenance and repair of the bridges. To investigate the impact of cyclic displacement on the loose backfill soil behaviour, an innovative laboratory retaining wall model has been designed and constructed to imitate the cyclic behaviour of backfill granular material. In addition, a numerical model, based on finite element method, has been developed to interpret the experimental results. This model was calibrated using the laboratory test data. The results indicate that the passive pressure, except for low amplitude displacement, escalates with progressive number of cycles and its distribution is not linear, which is due to the forming arch.

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45

Huang, FY, L. Li, F. Zhang, and YW Lin. "Study on Calculation Method of Internal Force of Integral Abutment-Pile-Soil Interaction." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2158, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2158/1/012005.

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Abstract Integral abutment jointless bridge (iajb) has the advantages of long service life, convenient construction and low construction and maintenance cost. At present, it has been widely used at home and abroad. Based on an actual iajb, an experimental model of integral abutment pile structure is designed and made. The quasi-static test is carried out under low cyclic displacement load, and the interaction between integral abutment, H-steel pile and soil is studied, with emphasis on the strain and bending moment of abutment and pile foundation. The test results show that the strain distribution of pile body is “Cup” shape when the abutment moves forward and “olive” shape when the abutment moves negatively. The maximum compressive stress and tensile stress under positive displacement load are greater than those under negative displacement load. Therefore, when the temperature increases, the internal force of pile foundation is greater than that when the temperature decreases, which means that H-shaped steel foundation pile is more unfavorable when the temperature increases in summer. In order to reduce the adverse effect of temperature on foundation piles, it is suggested that the overall closure temperature of the bridge should be slightly higher than the annual average temperature. In addition, the calculation also shows that when negative load is adopted, the pile bending moment calculated by these methods is not different from the test results, and the distribution law is similar to that of traditional foundation piles. However, under normal load, the pile bending moment calculated by classical theory or bridge code is quite different from the test results, and the distribution law is also different. In this paper, the moment of integral abutment pile-soil interaction is calculated accurately by polynomial fitting method and huanglin method, which can be used in practical engineering and provide reference for the design and application of iajbs.

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46

Huntley, Shelley A., and Arun J. Valsangkar. "Laboratory thermal calibration of contact pressure cells installed on integral bridge abutments." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 53, no. 6 (June 2016): 1013–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2015-0283.

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Hydraulic contact pressure cells were installed on the abutments of an integral abutment bridge to monitor changes in earth pressure over an extended period of time. The accuracy of field data from such instruments is affected by a number of factors. In particular, temperature changes are one of the key factors that can influence earth pressure measurements. Thermal calibration factors supplied by manufacturers of such cells tend to only account for the effect of temperature on the pressure transducer, rather than on the instrument as a whole. Therefore, in an effort to quantify the effect of temperature on data collected from the contact pressure cells installed on the integral abutment bridge, laboratory thermal calibration of these sensors was undertaken. Construction-related time constraints precluded extensive testing of the instruments installed in the field; however, extensive tests were conducted on an identical contact and earth pressure cell. Laboratory thermal calibration tests were conducted on the sensors for an unloaded, unconfined condition and with sensors confined in soil and loaded with uniform pressure. All tests were conducted in a cold room where temperatures could be controlled over a wide range. Results indicate that both temperature and applied pressure affect the performance of hydraulic pressure cells. Thermal correction factors were developed from linear-regression analysis of the unloaded, unconfined test data; however, application of these factors to the loaded, confined test data was found to account for only a portion of the pressure variation, with the remaining variation still being significant. Similar correction factors by linear regression analysis could not be developed from the loaded, confined pressure test data. However, when considering the range of temperatures experienced by the pressure cells installed on the integral abutment bridge, it was concluded in a 2013 study by the authors that the thermal pressure variations present in the field data should not exceed ±10 kPa. The results of this research demonstrate the need for extensive laboratory calibration of these types of pressure cells for proper interpretation of field data.

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Huang, Fuyun, Yulin Shan, Guodong Chen, Youwei Lin, Habib Tabatabai, and Bruno Briseghella. "Experiment on Interaction of Abutment, Steel H-Pile and Soil in Integral Abutment Jointless Bridges (IAJBs) under Low-Cycle Pseudo-Static Displacement Loads." Applied Sciences 10, no. 4 (February 17, 2020): 1358. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10041358.

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Soil-abutment or soil-pile interactions under cyclic static loads have been widely studied in integral abutment jointless bridges (IAJBs). However, the IAJB has the combinational interaction of soil-abutment and soil-pile, and the soil-abutment-pile interaction is lack of comprehensively study. Therefore, a reciprocating low-cycle pseudo-static test was carried out under an cyclic horizontal displacement load (DL) to gain insight into the mechanical behavior of the soil-abutment-pile system. Test results indicate that the earth pressure of backfill behind abutment has the ratcheting effect, which induced a large earth pressure. The soil-abutment-pile system has a favorable energy dissipation capacity and seismic behavior with relatively large equivalent viscous damping. The accumulative horizontal deformation in pile will be occurred by the effect of abutment and unbalance soil pressure of backfill. The test shows that the maximum horizontal deformation of pile occurs in the pile depth of 1.0b~3.0b of pile body rather than at the pile head due to the accumulative deformation of pile, which is significantly different from those of previous test results of soil-pile interaction. The time-history curve for abutment is relatively symmetrical and its accumulative deformation is small. However, the time-history curve of pile is asymmetrical and its accumulative deformation is dramatically large. The traditional theory of deformation applies only to the calculation of noncumulative deformation of pile, and the influence of accumulative deformation should be considered in practical engineering. A significant difference of inclinations in the positive and negative directions increases when the displacement load is relatively large. The rotation of abutment when bridge expands is larger than that when bridge contracts due to earth pressure of backfill.

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48

Jhunyawhatt, Thaanasarttayawibul, M. Amde Amde, and Paraschos Andreas. "Effects of bridge length and span variations in curved integral abutment bridges." Journal of Civil Engineering and Construction Technology 5, no. 1 (April 30, 2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/jcect2013.0001.

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49

Nguyen, Duy-Duan, Md Samdani Azad, Byung H. Choi, and Tae-Hyung Lee. "Efficient Earthquake Intensity Measure for Seismic Vulnerability of Integral Abutment Bridges." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 20, no. 6 (December 31, 2020): 251–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2020.20.6.251.

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The purpose of this study is to identify efficient earthquake intensity measures (IMs) for evaluating the seismic vulnerability of integral abutment bridges. A total of 90 ground motion records and 20 typical IMs were employed for the numerical analyses. A series of nonlinear time-history analyses was performed on the bridges to observe the lateral displacement of the bridge piers. Statistical parameters such as the coefficient of determination, standard deviation, and correlation coefficient were calculated to identify the strongly correlated IMs with the seismic performance of the bridges. The numerical results show that the efficient IMs are spectral acceleration, spectral velocity, spectral displacement at the fundamental period, acceleration spectrum intensity, effective peak acceleration, peak ground acceleration, and A95. Moreover, a set of fragility curves of the bridges was developed with respect to the efficient IMs.

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Huang, Jimin, Carol Shield, and Catherine French. "Time-Dependent Behavior of a Concrete Integral Abutment Bridge." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 11s (January 2005): 299–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/trr.11s.f114879181v878t1.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Integral Abutment Bridge'

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