Journal articles: 'Integrated Child Development Scheme'

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SACHDEV, Y., and J. DASGUPTA. "INTEGRATED CHILD DEVELOPMENT SERVICES (ICDS) SCHEME." Medical Journal Armed Forces India 57, no. 2 (April 2001): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0377-1237(01)80135-0.

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Rao, N., and V. Kaul. "India's integrated child development services scheme: challenges for scaling up." Child: Care, Health and Development 44, no. 1 (December 13, 2017): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cch.12531.

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Kranthi Kumar Reddy, Navuluri, Surekha Kishore, Smita Sinha, Ajeet Singh Bhadoria, Yogesh Bahurupi, Preeti Usha, Abu Rehan, and Bhavna Jain. "Assessment of Utilization of Integrated Child Development Services Scheme in Uttarakhand." Indian Journal of Community Health 32, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 130–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2020.v32i01.026.

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Background: ICDS scheme has been playing its role effectively since 1975 when it was launched, but still there are some short comings which need to be addressed. Uttarakhand being one of the states with poor health indicators with respect to child and mother there is need to increase research on implementation of programs. Aims & Objectives: The present study was conducted to see utilization of services provided under ICDS scheme in Uttarakhand. Material & Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in selected areas of Uttarakhand from October 2018 to June 2019. 505 households from 16 Anganwadi centers, from both urban and rural areas of Dehradun and Haridwar districts were included. Assessment of utilization of services was done by household interviews. Data was analyzed using SPSS V 23 software. Results: Availing supplementary nutrition services was the most utilized service (94.5%) followed by health education services (88.3%), health and referral services (83.2%), preschool education services (76.7%) and least utilized service was immunization service (69.3%). Conclusion: Various factors independently affecting utilization of services were identified. Overall utilization of services is highest among pregnant women and least among adolescent girls and women of reproductive age group.

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Avsm, Y. S., N. Gandhi, B. N. Tandon, and K. S. Krishnamurthy. "Integrated Child Development Services Scheme and Nutritional Status of Indian Children." Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 41, no. 2 (April 1, 1995): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tropej/41.2.123.

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Chaturvedi, Sanjay, Shyam B. Gupta, Bipin C. Srivastava, Sidhartha Nirupam, and Anil K. Rastogi. "The Impact of the Integrated Child Development Services Scheme in North India." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 3, no. 4 (October 1989): 291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/101053958900300408.

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Navuluri, kranthi, Surekha Kishore, Smita Sinha, Yogesh Bahurupi, Pradeep Aggarwal, and Bhavna Jain. "ASSESSMENT OF INTEGRATED CHILD DEVELOPMENT SERVICES SCHEME IN SELECT DISTRICTS OF UTTARAKHAND." National Journal of Community Medicine 11, no. 5 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/njcm.20200425120138.

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Kapil, Umesh. "Integrated child development services (ICDS) scheme : A program for holistic development of children in India." Indian Journal of Pediatrics 69, no. 7 (July 2002): 597–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02722688.

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Deokate, Neeta, and SU Mokhale. "Socio-economic profile and involvement of farm women in integrated child development scheme." Current Advances in Agricultural Sciences(An International Journal) 8, no. 2 (2016): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2394-4471.2016.00052.6.

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Panda, Prateek Kumar, Kalpana Panda, Pramod Kumar Panda, and Niranjan Nagaraj. "Anthropometric profile of children attending anganwadi centers under integrated child development services scheme." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 4 (March 23, 2018): 1613. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20181244.

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Background: The first six years of a child’s life are most crucial as the foundations for cognitive, social, emotional, physical, motor and psychological development are laid at this stage. The present study was conducted to assess the nutritional status of children availing the services under Integrated Child Development Service Scheme.Methods: The study was done with house to house survey with the help of a prepared scheduled proforma by personal interview and taking necessary anthropometric measurements and clinical examination. In the present study the following age independent criteria's are taken into account for the assessment of the nutritional status of the (3-5 years) age group of children in both the I.C.D.S and non I.C.D.S area separately: Mid upper arm circumference; Kanwati’s index; Rao’s index; Bangle screening method.Results: The association of nutritional status and MUAC measurement is statistically significant (p<0.05). The association of nutritional status and Kanawati ratios is statistically significant (p<0.05). The association of the nutritional status and Rao’s index is statistically significant (p<0.05). The number of children in I.C.D.S area with passing of the bangle above the elbow are only 28 and in non – I.C.D.S area, it is 42. In I.C.D.S area the immunisation status is better.Conclusions: I.C.D.S scheme is encouraging and there is no doubt regarding the positive achievements and prospective of I.C.D.S. Still there is much to be done to improve its performance by giving much emphasis on the supplementary nutrition, to the beneficiaries.

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Balarajan, Yarlini, and Michael R. Reich. "Political economy of child nutrition policy: A qualitative study of India’s Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) scheme." Food Policy 62 (July 2016): 88–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2016.05.001.

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Mohapatra, Jagatabandhu, Ranjit Kumar Dehury, Parthsaratathi Dehury, and Ranjan Pattnaik. "The Functions of Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS): An Assessment of Existing Policy and Practice in Odisha." Journal of Development Policy and Practice 6, no. 2 (June 25, 2021): 231–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/24551333211025112.

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The Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) scheme is the world’s biggest and unique programme for nutrition and childcare, launched way back on 2 October 1975 by the Government of India. It is a centrally subsidised scheme implemented by states across the country for the benefit of children, especially for vulnerable groups. The scheme’s main objective is to improve the health and nutritional condition of children below six years of age, along with pregnant women and lactating mothers. The objective of the study is to critically analyse functions of the ICDS Scheme in the state of Odisha about implementation and monitoring. The analysis was done with the help of secondary literature and available data from government documents. The opinion and experience of various stakeholders like Anganwadi workers, supervisors and other government staff have been analysed for this purpose. This article describes existing policies and procedures of food procurement, storing, supply, cooking, production and serving cycle under ICDS Scheme in Odisha. The recommendations of the study may help for future improvement of various thrust areas of the ICDS Scheme. The article brings out critical factors accountable for the efficient implementation of the ICDS programme. Further, the study evaluates the ICDS Scheme based on existing government guidelines to reach out to the masses in Odisha.

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Upadhyay, Madhu Kumari, Somdatta Patra, and Amir Maroof Khan. "Ensuring availability of food for child nutrition amidst the COVID – 19 pandemic: Challenges and Way forward." Indian Journal of Community Health 32, no. 2 (Supp) (April 20, 2020): 251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2020.v32i02supp.015.

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Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic spread in India is steeply rising. A 21-day lockdown has been imposed by the Government of India, to curtail its spread. This has impacted all walks of life, including the availability of food, and nutrition related services. This will impact nutritional status of children throughout India. The two major schemes, i.e. the Integrated Child Development Scheme and the Mid-day meal services scheme have also been affected leading to a risk of worsening of child nutrition. Some states have evolved their own strategies to mitigate the effect of lockdown during this crisis period. Here we discuss the challenges and way forward related to ensuring availability of food for child nutrition during this health crisis.

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Tandon, B. N., and A. Sahai. "Immunization in India: Contribution of Integrated Child Development Services Scheme to Expanded Programme of Immunization." Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 34, no. 6 (December 1, 1988): 309–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tropej/34.6.309.

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Aggarwal, Pradeep, and Rakesh Kakkar. "National Nutrition Strategy: The Needed Timely Modification to Make Integrated Child Development Scheme More Effective." Indian Journal of Pediatrics 86, no. 7 (March 7, 2019): 628–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12098-019-02869-9.

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Brown, Nick, Chaniyil Krishnan Sasidharan, and David Fisher. "Early growth and markers of cardiovascular risk in Keralan children in the Integrated Child Development Scheme." Public Health Nutrition 13, no. 7 (September 22, 2009): 1042–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136898000999156x.

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AbstractObjectiveLow birth weight is associated with increased lifelong morbidity. Kerala has a renowned, low-cost, maternal–child health system in which is couched universal access to the Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS), central to which is community-based maternal–infant nutritional supplementation. We assessed whether children in this environment showed enhanced birth weight and postnatal growth and whether the evolution of early markers of CVD was attenuated in comparison to contemporaries from other states.DesignA part retrospective, part prospective cohort study in which children (n 286) born in 1998–2000 in Calicut were identified from Anganwadi records. They were traced at 6 years and underwent full anthropometry and blood pressure measurements at 6 and 8 years.ResultsMean birth weight (2·86 (sd 0·40) kg) was greater than in Indian contemporaries but consistently <−1sd below the National Center for Health Statistics reference median throughout childhood. Birth weight significantly predicted body mass (BMI) at 8 years. Lower birth weight was strongly predictive of a higher waist:hip ratio (WHR) indicative of adverse central (coelomic) fat distribution (P < 0·01). Faster weight gain in infancy was weakly predictive of a lower WHR (P = 0·59), but faster late childhood growth at 6–8 years was non-significantly predictive of adverse WHR.ConclusionsAt 8 years of age, children in Calicut participating in the ICDS have greater birth weight and relative attenuation of the evolution of early CVD markers compared with children in apparently comparable states. The relative contributions of the ICDS and other factors inherent to Kerala cannot be inferred from the present study.

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Samanta, Sumana, SubhraSamujjwal Basu, Dibakar Haldar, AdityaPrasad Sarkar, AsitBaran Saren, and GautamNarayan Sarkar. "Status of early childhood education under integrated child development services scheme in bankura municipality, West Bengal." Indian Journal of Public Health 61, no. 4 (2017): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijph.ijph_369_16.

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Joseph, Jemy Elizabeth, and Shiju Mathew. "The Efficacy of The Integrated Child Development Services in Perspective to Nutritional Condition and Growth Development." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v4i1.4706.

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A survey was conducted to assess the nutritional status of children (0-6 years) among 40 Anganwadis in 4 districts of Kerala State registered under the ICDS scheme. A self- prepared structured interview schedule was used. To get the qualitative information of the study anthropometric measures include height and weight were used for assessing nutritional status of the children. The stepwise analysis of two variables height for age and weight for age was applicable on the basis of Waterlow’s and Gomez’ classification. To examine the relationship between nutritional status of the child and selected variable that affects nutritional status of children, Chi-square test was employed. Based on Gomez’ classification, out of 400 children, only 300 (75.0%) of children received supplementary nutrition through ICDS out of which 250 (62.5%) children were normal while 50 (12.5%) were underweight. Based on Waterlow’s classification out of 400 children, only 290 (72.5%) of children received supplementary nutrition through ICDS out of these children 200 (50 %) were normal while 90 (22.5%) were stunted. It can thus be concluded that majority of children were normal who received supplementary nutrition through ICDS.

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Joseph, Jemy Elizabeth, and Shiju Mathew. "The Efficacy of The Integrated Child Development Services in Perspective to Nutritional Condition and Growth Development." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/.v4i1.4706.

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A survey was conducted to assess the nutritional status of children (0-6 years) among 40 Anganwadis in 4 districts of Kerala State registered under the ICDS scheme. A self- prepared structured interview schedule was used. To get the qualitative information of the study anthropometric measures include height and weight were used for assessing nutritional status of the children. The stepwise analysis of two variables height for age and weight for age was applicable on the basis of Waterlow’s and Gomez’ classification. To examine the relationship between nutritional status of the child and selected variable that affects nutritional status of children, Chi-square test was employed. Based on Gomez’ classification, out of 400 children, only 300 (75.0%) of children received supplementary nutrition through ICDS out of which 250 (62.5%) children were normal while 50 (12.5%) were underweight. Based on Waterlow’s classification out of 400 children, only 290 (72.5%) of children received supplementary nutrition through ICDS out of these children 200 (50 %) were normal while 90 (22.5%) were stunted. It can thus be concluded that majority of children were normal who received supplementary nutrition through ICDS.

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Bhattarai, Prithutam, PadmajaR Walvekar, and Ashwini Narasannavar. "Knowledge of Anganwadi workers regarding different components provided by integrated child development scheme: A cross-sectional study." Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research (KLEU) 10, no. 3 (2017): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_51_17.

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Lal Bhardwaj, Shiv, and Om Parkash Sharma. "A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY OF INTEGRATED CHILD DEVELOPMENT SERVICE SCHEME IN RAJASTHAN, HEALTH PROMOTIONAL- ISSUES AND CHALLENGES." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 7, no. 11 (March 12, 2018): 1413–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2018/321.

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Gill, Kanwal Preet K., Priyanka Devgun, S. L. Mahajan, Harpreet Kaur, and Amanpreet Kaur. "Assessment of basic infrastructure in anganwadi centres under integrated child development services scheme in district Amritsar of Punjab." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 8 (July 22, 2017): 2973. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20173355.

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Background:In India, Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme was launched on 2nd October, 1975. The aim was to provide pre-school non-formal education on one hand and breaking the vicious cycle of malnutrition, morbidity and mortality among mothers and children on the other hand. An anganwadi is the focal point for the delivery of services to the community. Hence, the current study was planned to assess the basic infrastructure in AWCs of Punjab.Methods:A total of 400 anganwadi workers (AWWs), 200 each from rural and urban areas were randomly selected for the study. A pre-designed, pre-tested proforma was administered to selected AWWs. The purpose of the study was explained to them. The data was compiled and analysed by using SPSS 20.0 version.Results:It was observed that out of 400 anganwadis, only 24% of anganwadis had their own allotted building. Only 42% anganwadis had functional Salter weighing machine with them. Weighing machine for adults and children in working condition was available in only 38.2% anganwadis. Nearly half of the anganwadis (50.8%) do not have electricity connection. Water supply was found to be available in 53% anganwadis only. 77.5% anganwadis got regular supply of ration. But utensils for distributing ration were present with only 65.2% anganwadis and 69.3% anganwadis had helper to assist anganwadi worker.Conclusions:Adequate infrastructure along with regular supply of ration need to be ensured for proper functioning of anganwadis.

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Gupta, RajulKumar, Aparna Ruia, Gargi Bandyopadhyay, and RajshreeR Gupta. "An analysis of integrated child development scheme performance in contributing to alleviation of malnutrition in two economically resurgent states." Indian Journal of Community Medicine 43, no. 1 (2018): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_47_17.

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Divyalalitha, N., Sunayana Manipal, Rajmohan Rajmohan, VV Bharatwaj, and D. Prabu. "The impact of integration of a dental module into the existing integrated child development services scheme in Chennai, India." Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 9, no. 9 (2020): 4841. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_239_20.

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Shewade, Hemant D., Arun K. Aggarwal, and Bhavneet Bharti. "Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness (IMNCI): Skill Assessment of Health and Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS) Workers to Classify Sick Under-five Children." Indian Journal of Pediatrics 80, no. 6 (August 10, 2012): 448–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12098-012-0835-4.

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Rajpal, Sunil, William Joe, Malavika A. Subramanyam, Rajan Sankar, Smriti Sharma, Alok Kumar, Rockli Kim, and S. V. Subramanian. "Utilization of Integrated Child Development Services in India: Programmatic Insights from National Family Health Survey, 2016." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 9 (May 4, 2020): 3197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093197.

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The Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) program launched in India in 1975 is one of the world’s largest flagship programs that aims to improve early childhood care and development via a range of healthcare, nutrition and early education services. The key to success of ICDS is in finding solutions to the historical challenges of geographic and socioeconomic inequalities in access to various services under this umbrella scheme. Using birth history data from the National Family Health Survey (Demographic and Health Survey), 2015–2016, this study presents (a) socioeconomic patterning in service uptake across rural and urban India, and (b) continuum in service utilization at three points (i.e., by mothers during pregnancy, by mothers while breastfeeding and by children aged 0–72 months) in India. We used an intersectional approach and ran a series multilevel logistic regression (random effects) models to understand patterning in utilization among mothers across socioeconomic groups. We also computed the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC-AUC) based on a logistic regression model to examine concordance between service utilization across three different points. The service utilization (any service) by mothers during pregnancy was about 20 percentage points higher for rural areas (60.5 percent; 95% CI: 60.3; 30.7) than urban areas (38.8 percent; 95% CI: 38.4; 39.1). We also found a lower uptake of services related to health and nutrition education during pregnancy (41.9 percent in rural) and early childcare (preschool) (42.4 percent). One in every two mother–child pairs did not avail any benefits from ICDS in urban areas. Estimates from random effects model revealed higher odds of utilization among schedule caste mothers from middle-class households in rural households. AUC estimates suggested a high concordance between service utilization by mothers and their children (AUC: 0.79 in rural; 0.84 in urban) implying a higher likelihood of continuum if service utilization commences at pregnancy.

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Wilson, Preethy. "Adolescent Development Education through Anganwadi Workers: A Study Report from Kerala." Artha - Journal of Social Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 13, 2012): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.12724/ajss.20.4.

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Integrated Child Development Services Scheme (ICDS) has been a pioneering initiative of the Government of India for the betterment of adolescent girls and mothers. The current paper is an attempt to develop an intervention program for adolescent girls on enhancing their psychosocial competence through Anganwadi teachers and evaluate its outcome. The master trainers (Anganwadi workers) were trained and they conducted interventions for adolescents on four topics with 16 activities. The post assessment result on a control and intervention group shows that significant changes in adolescent girls can be effected through the intervention of Anganwadi workers. The paper also highlights that planners and the policy makers need to give serious thought to effective utilisation of the human resource available at the disposal of the ICDS programme for improved service delivery to adolescent girls under ICDS.

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Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran, Priya Rathi, Renita Maria Sequeira, K. Kshama Rao, Swathi Kamath, and Maria Alfam K. K. "Awareness and Uptake of Maternal and Child Health Benefit Schemes Among the Women Attending a District Hospital in Coastal South India." Journal of Health Management 22, no. 1 (March 2020): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972063420908371.

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Introduction: Maternal and child health (MCH) benefit schemes were introduced to increase institutional deliveries, to reduce out of pocket expenditure, to provide quality care and nutrition to mother and baby and thereby reduce maternal mortality rate and infant mortality rate. Objective: To assess the awareness and estimate the uptake of benefits regarding various MCH benefit schemes among study participants. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted at district hospital, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India, among 250 antenatal women and postnatal mothers. They were interviewed using a semi-structured–validated questionnaire. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Science version 11.5. Result: Awareness for scheme varied, ranging from 94 per cent for Integrated Child Development Service and 0.8 per cent for Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram. Major source of information being accredited social health activist (40.41%), most of the study participants had a favourable opinion regarding the benefits of MCH schemes. Maximum uptake was seen for Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram (100%); however, none of them availed Prasoothi Araike. Conclusion: Our study showed that the awareness and uptake for different MCH-related schemes varied. Most of the study participants had a favourable opinion about the benefits of MCH schemes. Since awareness for some schemes were low, efforts should be made to increase awareness regarding all schemes by displaying the information. Uptake can be increased by proper channelising the resources.

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Kumar, Nomita P. "Reaching Out to Mother and Child Through ICDS: Insights from a Field Study in Uttar Pradesh." Indian Journal of Human Development 11, no. 2 (August 2017): 251–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973703017720573.

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Under-nutrition among women and children remains a major development challenge across India. It is recognized that several integrated interventions are necessary to deal with the problem of undernutrition. The Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) scheme was aimed at improving maternal and child nutrition. A set of broadly agreed nutrition-specific interventions are delivered through network of anganwadi centres (AWCs) along with the continuum of care. Though well-conceived, ICDS has, in practice, given more attention to increasing coverage than to improving the quality of service delivery and to distributing food rather than changing family-based feeding and caring behaviour. This inertia is reflected in poor outcomes in the state of Uttar Pradesh (UP). This article seeks to evaluate the work delivered by ICDS in UP after assessing the allocation and expenditure. This study draws upon the findings of field survey in nine districts of UP conducted by the author recently. Overall, 90 anganwadi centres were covered to find out the kinds of constraints that arise in utilizing funds effectively under this programme. The study also analyses the secondary data to examine the implementation status of ICDS in the state.

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Kapil, U. "Letter. Nutritional rehabilitation of severely malnourished children at domiciliary level through the integrated child development services (ICDS) scheme: a perspective study." Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 45, no. 2 (April 1, 1999): 124–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tropej/45.2.124.

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Malik, A., M. Bhilwar, N. Rustagi, and D. K. Taneja. "An assessment of facilities and services at Anganwadi centers under the Integrated Child Development Service scheme in Northeast District of Delhi, India." International Journal for Quality in Health Care 27, no. 3 (May 9, 2015): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzv028.

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Kumar, N. Pragathi, and Tagaram Ramchandra. "ICDS: is it reaching the all child beneficiaries?" International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 9 (August 27, 2019): 3679. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20193645.

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Background: The beneficiaries under the scheme are children in the age group of 0-6 years, pregnant women and lactating mothers, women in the age group of 15-44 years and adolescent girls in selected blocks. Irrespective of caste, religion, socioeconomic status all beneficiaries are eligible for availing of services under the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) scheme. BPL is not a criterion for registration of beneficiaries under ICDS2. Present study is to recognize whether all categories of people are utilizing the services or not irrespective of economic status, religion etc.Methods: Descriptive observational study done for period of one year, sampling done by multi stage (random) method. Study conducted in ICDS centers in the field practicing area of Kakatiya medical college Warangal, Telangana, India. 622 children from 31 anganwadi centres of 0 to 6 year age were included.Results: Majority (71.7%) were belongs to ‘0 to 3’ years of age group, male (50%) and female (50%) were equally in distribution. majority (78.3%) were Hindus. Majority parents (father-84.9, mother 84.2) were literates and mothers were unemployed/housewives, fathers were skilled workers (28%) followed by farmers (22%). Majority were (35.4%) belonged to middle, followed by lower middle (30.2%) level of socio economic status.Conclusions: There were less number of 3 to 6 years age category population in the study, means that age group is not getting covered properly by ICDS. Two extremes (higher and lower categories) of education, occupation, socio economic status parents were not properly utilising the ICDS services for their children.

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Shankerrao, G. "MGNREGA: A Boon to Rural Development." International Research Journal of Management, IT & Social Sciences 2, no. 9 (September 1, 2015): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/irjmis.v2i9.75.

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The term Rural Development is the overall development of rural areas to improve the quality of life of rural people. In India, out of total population, 83.3 crores of population living in rural areas (Census of India, 2011) and this population is characterized by mass poverty, low levels of literacy and income, high level of unemployment, and poor nutrition and health status. The rural developmental programmers intends to reduce the poverty and unemployment, to improve the health and educational status and to fulfill the basic needs such as food, shelter and clothing of the rural population. To improve the conditions of rural people, Government of India has launched various schemes such as Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), Rastriya Sama Vikas Yojana (RSVY), Indira Awas Yojana (IAY), Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana (SGRY), Integrated Tribal Development Project (ITDP), Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY), Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS), Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas (DWCRA), etc. All these schemes are aimed to reduce the gap between rural and urban people, which would help reduce economic imbalances and speed up the development process. This article is highlights Impact, Issues and Challenges of MGNREGA on Rural Development

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Giri, Som Prasad, Sadaruddin Biswas, and Kaushik Bose. "Body Composition among Rural Bengalee Preschool Children of Integrated Child Development Service (ICDS) Scheme of Sagar Island, South 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India." Journal of Life Sciences 9, no. 2 (July 3, 2017): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09751270.2018.1424510.

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Bose, Kaushik, Sadaruddin Biswas, Samiran Bisai, Sanjib Ganguli, Argina Khatun, Ashish Mukhopadhyay, and Mithu Bhadra. "Stunting, underweight and wasting among Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) scheme children aged 3?5�years of Chapra, Nadia District, West Bengal, India." Maternal & Child Nutrition 3, no. 3 (July 2007): 216–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8709.2007.00099.x.

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Ramani, K. V., Dileep Mavalankar, Sanjay Joshi, Imran Malek, Tapasvi Puvar, and Harish Kumar. "Why Should 5,000 Children Die in India Every Day? Major Causes of Death and Managerial Challenges." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 35, no. 2 (April 2010): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090920100202.

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Globally, more than 10 million children, under five years of age, almost all in poor countries, die every year (20 children per minute), mostly from preventable causes. The major causes of child death include neonatal disorders (death within 28 days of birth), diarrhoea, pneumonia, and measles with malnutrition being a major contributing factor for childhood illnesses. India alone accounts for almost 5,000 deaths of under-five years children (U5) every day. In 1975, the Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS) was launched in the country to provide integrated health and nutrition services focusing upon the holistic development of children at the village level. Yet by 2005, 50 per cent of the children in India were still malnourished. India's neonatal mortality, which accounts for almost 50 per cent of the U5 deaths, is one of the highest in the world. India launched the Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) in 1985. Yet full immunization in India had reached only 43.5 per cent by 2005-06, as per the NFHS 31. This paper, besides discussing the status of mortality of children and the situation of child health services, examines the managerial challenges of the child health programmes in India. There is a need for improving the management capacity amongst health service providers, specifically the planning and implementation of child health programmes such as immunization, control of diarrhoea, and pneumonia. The analysis of the trends of the past decline shows that during 1990-2008, India achieved a decrease in infant mortality rate (IMR) at a very low annual average rate of 1.9 per cent. To achieve Millennium Development Goals (MDG) 4, between 2009— 2015, the rate of reduction of IMR needs to be increased to a very high level — at 6.74 per cent every year. This means that the government and the private sector need to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the child health programmes substantially. Incremental improvement over “business-as-usual” will not help in achieving MDG 4. Effective and efficient management of child health programmes would require focused political and administrative attention and managerial capacity.

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Basantia, T. K., and J. H. Alom. "Rehabilitation of Special Needs Children at Pre-school Level: A Study of Attitude of Integrated Child Development Services Functionaries and Parents." International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education 13, no. 1 (May 5, 2021): 203–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/int-jecse/v13i1.211023.

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The Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) is a significant scheme that works for rehabilitation of different categories of children including special needs children at pre-school level in India. For rehabilitation of special needs children at pre-school level, the ICDS functionaries and parents (of the children) play the vital role. For developing the favorable attitude of ICDS functionaries and parents towards rehabilitation of special needs children at pre-school level, it is important to study the attitude of ICDS functionaries and parents towards rehabilitation of special needs children at pre-school level. Hence, in this study an attempt was made to study the attitudes of ICDS functionaries (Child Development Project Officers, Supervisors and Anganwadi workers) and parents towards rehabilitation of special needs children at pre-school level. The study was a descriptive survey-cum-comparative type research. 36 Child Development Project Officers (CDPOs), 108 Supervisors, 108 Anganwadi workers (AWWs), and 216 parents under thirty six ICDS projects from nine administrative districts of Assam were taken as participants of the study. A self-developed attitude scale was used to collect data from the participants. Mainly quantitative data analysis techniques were used to analyze the data of the study. The major findings of the study indicated that all the ICDS functionaries and parents have shown high attitude towards rehabilitation of special needs children at pre-school level; and CDPOs possess better attitude than the supervisors, and parents possess better attitude than the supervisors towards rehabilitation of special needs children at pre-school level. And from the study, it is also found that the background variable ‘experience’ of the supervisors acts as a determining factor in determining the attitude of the supervisors towards rehabilitation of special needs children at pre-school whereas no other background variable of the supervisors and none of the background variables of the CDPOs, AWWs and parents acts as a determining factor in determining their attitude towards rehabilitation of special needs children at pre-school level.

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Meena, Jitendra Kumar, Anjana Verma, and Rajesh Kumar. "Evaluation of Integrated Childhood Development Services (ICDS) program implementation in an urban slum of Delhi, India." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 5, no. 8 (July 26, 2017): 3443. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20173537.

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Background: The Integrated Childhood Development Services (ICDS) scheme is India’s foremost program imparting comprehensive and cost-effective services to meet the multi-dimensional needs of children. Following a populist approach, the program has now increased its umbrella coverage to reproductive age, pregnant and lactating women. The impact of such development and existing program performance remain debatable due to the paucity of evaluation research.Methods: A mix-methods descriptive case study was done using adapted ICDS monitoring tool in a pre-identified slum. The slum was purposely chosen for its intensive habitation of the poor and marginalized population. Primary data were collected through personalized interviews with program staff, health functionaries, and community representatives. Secondary data were collected from records available at Anganwadi centre (AWC). The data were triangulated and analyzed with results being expressed in narrative, simple proportions and percentages.Results: The mean coverage of ICDS services was 58.3%. Maximum coverage recorded for Supplementary Nutrition (SN) and minimal for Nutrition and Health Education (NHE). SN, immunization, Pre-school education (PSE) and growth monitoring (0-3 years) were regularly held. Maternal and child health services were unsatisfactory. Poor community perception reported for AWC and ICDS services with exception of SN.Conclusions: Present case study unveils poor infrastructure, coverage and community participation for ICDS services. Immunisation and referral networking is often dysfunctional reflecting the need for enhanced intersectoral cooperation. Adapted tools could serve as an effective strategy for evaluating and facilitating need-based improvements.

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., Vinayak Yadavrao Kshirsagar, and Rajsinh Vishwasrao Mohite . "IMPACT OF INTEGRATED CHILD DEVELOPMENT SCHEME (ICDS) ON MORBIDITY STATUS OF CHILDREN AND KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICE OF MOTHERS TOWARDS ICDS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY." Indian Journal of Child Health 6, no. 2 (February 28, 2019): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.32677/ijch.2019.v06.i02.005.

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Havanur, Pratibha, Prabhavathi Kurbett, and Chhaya Badiger. "Communication Patterns of Home Science and Non Home Science Supervisors of Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS) Project and Their Contributions to the Rural Women." Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology 21, no. 4 (January 2, 2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2017/34867.

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Kapoor, Anuj, and Kamna Singh. "An assessment of facilities and services at anganwadi centers under the integrated child development service scheme in urban area of Kathua district, Jammu and Kashmir." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 12 (November 27, 2019): 5272. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20195484.

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Background: The integrated childhood development services (ICDS) scheme, launched on 2nd November 1975 is India’s foremost program imparting comprehensive and cost-effective services for children and maternal health through designated anganwadi centers (AWCs). AWCs deliver services right at the doorsteps of the beneficiaries to ensure their maximum participation.Methods: This was a cross sectional descriptive study conducted in 37 AWCs of the urban area in Kathua district from March to May 2019. A checklist was used to assess the physical infrastructure of AWC and logistics available.Results: A total of 37 AWCs were visited. Majority of the AWCs (94.5%) were running in a rented building and had only room. and 86.4% have pucca type of center. Almost half (51.3%) of the anganwadi workers had >10 years of experience. 32.4% of the AWWs received education up to 12th standard. Weighing machines were available in 89.1% of the centers whereas Salter weighing machine was present only in 23 centers.Conclusions: Present case study unveils deficiencies in infrastructure and logistics at the centers. Emphasis should be given to strengthen the basic infrastructure of AWCs which would further help in delivering quality services to the beneficiaries.

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Devgun, Priyanka, Kanwalpreetkaur Gill, Manisha Nagpal, Shyam L. Mahajan, and Amanpreet Kaur. "A Study of Knowledge of Anganwadi Workers about Common Mental Health Problems in Beneficiaries of the Integrated Child Development Services Scheme in Amritsar, Punjab, India." AMEI's Current Trends in Diagnosis & Treatment 2, no. 1 (2018): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10055-0029.

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Acharya, Atanu, Gopal Chandra Mandal, and Kaushik Bose. "Overall burden of under-nutrition measured by a Composite Index in rural pre-school children in Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, India." Anthropological Review 76, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/anre-2013-0005.

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Abstract Malnutrition is a leading cause of child mortality in India. To counteract this problem, a nutrition supplementation programme has been operating under the Integrated Child Development Service (ICDS) scheme in India since 1975. Recently, the Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) has been implemented to measure the seriousness and severity of overall under-nutrition in a population. Since this index presents a more complete picture than the previous three conventional measures. CIAF is utililized in this study which focuses on the overall burden of under-nutrition determination in pre-school children in Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, India. Our study was conducted in 10 Integrated Child Development Service (ICDS) centres, commonly known as “Anganwadi”, in the villages of the Argoal Gram Panchayat at Patashpur - II block. The total sample of 225 Bengalee ethnic children aged between 3 and 6 years was composed of 115 girls and 110 boys. The overall age and gender-combined prevalence of stunting, underweight and wasting recorded was 30.7%, 42.7% and 12.0%, respectively, and these rates were considered high (30-39%), very high (≥ 40%) and high (10-14%), respectively. CIAF results revealed the same trend, with 50.2% of these children affected by anthropometric failure, with the prevalence of underweight, wasting and CIAF higher in boys than in girls. This 50.2% CIAF result highlighted that approximately half the study children were undernourished. Since this figure is much higher than that estimated by any of the three conventional indicators,, CIAF has thus proven a far better indicator in assessing the overall burden of under-nutrition in a population. The nutritional status of the children in this study requires serious remedial action.

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Ha, Pham Bich, Margaret E. Bentley, Helena Pachón, Teerada Sripaipan, Laura E. Caulfield, David R. Marsh, and Dirk G. Schroeder. "Caregiver Styles of Feeding and Child Acceptance of Food in Rural Viet Nam." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 23, no. 4_suppl2 (December 2002): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15648265020234s213.

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Style of child feeding may be an important determinant of child nutrition and health outcomes. Responsive feeding refers to the level and kind of interaction between caregiver and child that lead to a positive feeding experience, adequate dietary intake, and enhanced developmental opportunities. Responsive feeding behaviors may include active physical help and verbalization during feeding, role-playing, persistence, and positive feeding strategies. The aim of this study was to investigate styles of feeding among Vietnamese children 12 or 18 months of age from a rural province in northern Viet Nam. Forty child/mother pairs were videotaped during two, two-hour feeding episodes. Caregiver and child behaviors were coded at the level of the “intended bite” as observed through the videotape analysis of feeding episodes to assess caregiver behavior and the child's interest and acceptance of food. We found it feasible to use videotape and the modified coding and analysis scheme, originally developed for work in Peru, in Viet Nam. In Viet Nam, caregivers provided physical help to eat nearly all of the time in the younger children, and about 70% of the time among 18 month olds. Caregivers verbalized during only 30% of intended bites, and only half of these verbalizations were responsive in tone or words. Positive caregiver behaviors were significantly associated with higher child's acceptance of food, while non-responsive feeding behaviors were associated with child rejection of food. Future analyses of this data set will evaluate the degree to which an integrated nutrition program positively modified caretaker behaviors. More research is needed to demonstrate the relationships among the promotion of responsive feeding behaviors, acceptance of food, and improved nutrition and health status of children.

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Chopra, Harivansh. "1000 Versus 635 Days Approach for Prevention of Undernutrition in Children." Journal of Comprehensive Health 9, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.53553/jch.v09i01.001.

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Since the pre-independence era, India is dealing with a variety of health problems that have been eliminated in developed nations. As we prepare to enter post covid era, a problem which we are dealing since ages is child promotion and child survival. India is a nuclear weapon-affiliated country now but it still has a long way to go as far as child malnutrition is concerned. It is a surprising fact to know that the prevalence of malnutrition in India is double that of sub-Saharan country.[1] It has been 45 years since the launch of the Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS) and we still have 35.8% of undernourished children in our country makes one think about the drawbacks in our current approach. [2] There are a wide variety of reasons for decreased weight inchildren under the age of 5. Interestingly inadequate food security is considered as one of the primary reasons, however,it does not justify the 20.1% of underweight children belonging to high socioeconomic status.[2] Other reasons include infections i.e. diarrhea and acute respiratory infections in children and it could be attributed to a moderate rate (approximately 62%) of immunization in the under 5 age group.[2]

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Giri, Som Prasad, Sadaruddin Biswas, and Kaushik Bose. "Very High Prevalence of Thinness Among Rural Bengalee Preschool Children of Integrated Child Development Service (ICDS) Scheme of Sagar Island, South 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India." Anthropology – Open Journal 2, no. 2 (December 28, 2017): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17140/antpoj-2-114.

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Naline, G., and Brinda Viswanathan. "Revisiting the Determinants of Child Anthropometric Indicators in India Using Seemingly Unrelated Regressions Model." Indian Journal of Human Development 10, no. 3 (December 2016): 336–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973703017695886.

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This study uses the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3) data to estimate Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) model for height-for-age (HAZ), weight-for-age (WAZ) and weight-for-height (WHZ) to understand how the determinants of intergenerational transmission, feeding and care practices, and the Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS) vary in their impact when these commonly used measures of child nutritional status are considered together in a systems framework. As expected mother’s height, BMI and anaemia levels are all highly important in explaining the variations with large impact of height on HAZ, of BMI on WAZ and of anaemia on WHZ. Initiation of breastfeeding within an hour of child’s birth, exclusive breastfeeding in the first six months and inclusion of protein rich diets for the older children has a large impact on HAZ, and so does access of daily food supplements from the ICDS by rural children. Other predictors such as wealth status, safe water access, sanitation and use of clean cooking fuel by the households are found to be strongly associated with all the indicators. The results from this study strengthen the evidence that though multiple determinants play a role in a child’s growth, the key factors are in the mother to child transmission and in quality of early child care of feeding habits and preventive and curative health care practices.

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Panda, Pradeep Kumar. "An evaluation study of Anganwadis under ICDS in India." Social Work and Social Welfare 3, no. 1 (2021): 156–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.25082/swsw.2021.02.003.

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Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) scheme has expanded tremendously over the 30 years of its operation to cover almost all the development blocks in the country. It offers a wide range of health, nutrition and education related services to children, women and adolescent girls. The study wish to find out the impact and efficacy of the ICDS scheme. The study was conducted from April 2019 to December 2019. The study was conducted on purposive random sampling basis covering 19 States/UTs. 510 AWCs were selected and total 15300 children were covered. One of the important findings of the study is that the children in the Normal grade are found to be 77.4% of the total sample size which means that in spite of a lot of bottlenecks, the malnutrition has been reduced among the children of 0 to 5 years of age. As envisages from the field study, people are well aware of the ICDS scheme and are sending their children to AWCs. However, the children from remote areas are not able to avail these facilities. The opening of public nursery school in urban and rural areas poses a great threat to the enrollment of children in AWCs nowadays unless the infrastructural and other facilities of AWCs are upgraded. The working conditions and remuneration of AWC workers needs to be looked at sympathetically. The findings of the study are expected to help policymakers and programme implementing bodies to take appropriate corrective measures to make the ICDS more effective and thereby bringing down the malnutrition in children to zero level.

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Pandey, Pavan, Sneha Jain, Ashish Parihar, and Arushi Sharma. "Time spent being malnourished during the first five years of life! An unseen aspect of child malnutrition." Tropical Doctor 48, no. 4 (July 17, 2018): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049475518786857.

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The burden of malnutrition is often estimated in terms of ‘prevalence’ without considering two important contributing factors: incidence and duration. To illustrate this, we conducted a community-based retrospective cohort study involving 24,278 children enrolled in an integrated child development scheme in India. Anthropometric data of study participants from birth to five years of age were collected from the growth charts maintained by Anganwadi workers. Of all the growth charts reviewed, 1460 (6.0%) children died before their fifth birthday and 4013 (16.5%) were excluded after initial screening because either the growth chart was incomplete (4.8%) or had missing entries (11.7%). Of the remaining 20,265 children included in the study, in the first five years of their life, 35.6% suffered from exclusive moderate malnourishment and 9.4% from severe malnourishment. The most common age groups for the onset of moderate and severe malnutrition were 9–11 months and 12–15 months, respectively. The mode, median and mean duration of time spent by children being severely underweight was 3, 7 and 8.4 months respectively, and being moderately underweight was 8, 11 and 15.1 months, respectively. Thus, a comprehensive strategy for preventing the onset of malnutrition (both moderate and severe) among children is urgently needed.

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Nimmagadda, Sneha, Lakshmi Gopalakrishnan, Rasmi Avula, Diva Dhar, Nadia Diamond-Smith, Lia Fernald, Anoop Jain, et al. "Effects of an mHealth intervention for community health workers on maternal and child nutrition and health service delivery in India: protocol for a quasi-experimental mixed-methods evaluation." BMJ Open 9, no. 3 (March 2019): e025774. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025774.

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IntroductionMillions of children in India still suffer from poor health and under-nutrition, despite substantial improvement over decades of public health programmes. The Anganwadi centres under the Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS) provide a range of health and nutrition services to pregnant women, children <6 years and their mothers. However, major gaps exist in ICDS service delivery. The government is currently strengthening ICDS through an mHealth intervention called Common Application Software (ICDS-CAS) installed on smart phones, with accompanying multilevel data dashboards. This system is intended to be a job aid for frontline workers, supervisors and managers, aims to ensure better service delivery and supervision, and enable real-time monitoring and data-based decision-making. However, there is little to no evidence on the effectiveness of such large-scale mHealth interventions integrated with public health programmes in resource-constrained settings on the service delivery and subsequent health and nutrition outcomes.Methods and analysisThis study uses a village-matched controlled design with repeated cross-sectional surveys to evaluate whether ICDS-CAS can enable more timely and appropriate services to pregnant women, children <12 months and their mothers, compared with the standard ICDS programme. The study will recruit approximately 1500 Anganwadi workers and 6000+ mother-child dyads from 400+ matched-pair villages in Bihar and Madhya Pradesh. The primary outcomes are the proportion of beneficiaries receiving (a) adequate number of home visits and (b) appropriate level of counselling by the Anganwadi workers. Secondary outcomes are related to improvements in other ICDS services, and knowledge and practices of the Anganwadi workers and beneficiaries.Ethics and disseminationEthical oversight is provided by the Committee for the Protection of Human Subjects at the University of California at Berkeley, and the Suraksha Independent Ethics Committee in India. The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and analysis data will be made public.Trial registration numberISRCTN83902145

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Shakeel, Adnan. "RECENT TRENDS IN THE DEBATE ON INDIA’S NATIONAL FOOD SECURITY ACT (NFSA) – 2013: TRAGEDY OR TRIUMPH?" GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY 11, no. 2 (June 28, 2018): 108–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2018-11-2-108-124.

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Present article follow up the recent debates that is being discussed in the country with respect to the National Food Security Act – 2013. Present article is based on the secondary sources of information collected through various books, magazines, journals, newspapers, government and non-governmental reports. The purpose of the article is to trace the discussion among various economist, planners, researchers and policy makers in order to analyse whether National food Security Act is a triumph for those who are in desperate need of it (poor and destitute), or a tragedy for those officials speaking against the Act. The main emphasis of the article is to discuss the cost of implementation of NFSA because it was believed that after its implementation it will put heavy burden on the government exchequer due to subsidies provided under it. Article also examines the challenges related to Food Corporation of India with respect to procurement, storage and distribution of foodgrains. Moreover, article also discusses the NFSA with respect to the Integrated Child Development Scheme, its affect on small and marginal farmers of the country, challenges related to public distribution system.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Integrated Child Development Scheme'

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