Journal articles: 'Integrated Child Development Services (India)'

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Kaul, Vanita. "Integrated child development services in India." Childhood 1, no. 4 (1993): 243–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/090756829300100407.

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Lokshin, Michael, Monica Das Gupta, Michele Gragnolati, and Oleksiy Ivaschenko. "Improving Child Nutrition? The Integrated Child Development Services in India." Development and Change 36, no. 4 (2005): 613–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0012-155x.2005.00427.x.

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Vohra, Rajaat, MadanSingh Rathore, BhoopendraNath Sharma, RamChandra Chaudhary, ShivLal Bhardwaj, and Anusha Vohra. "Evaluation of integrated child development services program in rajasthan, India." International Journal of Advanced Medical and Health Research 2, no. 2 (2015): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2349-4220.172888.

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Chudasama, Rajesh K., A. M. Kadri, Pramod B. Verma, et al. "Evaluation of integrated child development services program in Gujarat, India." Indian Pediatrics 51, no. 9 (2014): 707–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13312-014-0486-9.

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Sahu, Swaroop Kumar, and Gautam Roy. "Additional Opportunities for Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) in India." Indian Journal of Pediatrics 81, no. 10 (2014): 1117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12098-014-1385-8.

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Chaturvedi, Sanjay, Shyam B. Gupta, Bipin C. Srivastava, Sidhartha Nirupam, and Anil K. Rastogi. "The Impact of the Integrated Child Development Services Scheme in North India." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 3, no. 4 (1989): 291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/101053958900300408.

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Kapil, Umesh. "Integrated child development services (ICDS) scheme : A program for holistic development of children in India." Indian Journal of Pediatrics 69, no. 7 (2002): 597–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02722688.

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Kaur, S., R. Gupta, I. D. Khan, et al. "INFRASTRUCTURE, RESOURCES, SERVICES EVALUATION AND GAP ANALYSIS OF INTEGRATED MATERNAL AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT SERVICES IN INDIA." International Journal of Medicine and Medical Research 4, no. 2 (2019): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.11603/ijmmr.2413-6077.2018.2.9286.

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Background. Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) is an Indian community-centric government program organized under Anganwadi centres catering to supplementary nutrition, health and preschool education, primary healthcare, growth monitoring and counselling the children under six years old along with their mothers. It is the world’s largest outreach program in a developing country covering a population of 1.35 billion; the variations in service delivery were analysed involving cross-sectional rural and urban Anganwadi centers in New Delhi. Methods. Data were collected by assessment of children and mothers, interview of Anganwadi workers and observation of service delivery parameters and conduction of activities. Infrastructural, beneficiaries, services and content were evaluated by a suitable pre-tested questionnaire based on the National Institute of Public Cooperation and Child Development (NIPCCD) evaluation proforma. The data was analysed by a descriptive statistics. Results. Gaps were found in respect of infrastructure, resources, health and nutrition facilities especially at rural Anganwadi centre which was inadequate in terms of implementation of nutrition and health program, supplementary nutrition, preschool education and nutrition rehabilitation centre for existing beneficiaries. Both Anganwadi centres were not catering for new WHO growth standards and adolescent health. Conclusions. Gaps found in respect of infrastructure, resources, health and nutrition facilities can affect performance of ICDS program and the services delivered by Anganwadi centres, which need a boost. Both urban and rural centres have a direct opportunity towards delivering adolescent health program focusing on nutrition and education of girls prior to their pregnancy, and adoption of new WHO growth standards.

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Dixit, Priyanka, Amrita Gupta, Laxmi Kant Dwivedi, and Dyuti Coomar. "Impact Evaluation of Integrated Child Development Services in Rural India: Propensity Score Matching Analysis." SAGE Open 8, no. 2 (2018): 215824401878571. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244018785713.

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Shankerrao, G. "MGNREGA: A Boon to Rural Development." International Research Journal of Management, IT & Social Sciences 2, no. 9 (2015): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/irjmis.v2i9.75.

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The term Rural Development is the overall development of rural areas to improve the quality of life of rural people. In India, out of total population, 83.3 crores of population living in rural areas (Census of India, 2011) and this population is characterized by mass poverty, low levels of literacy and income, high level of unemployment, and poor nutrition and health status. The rural developmental programmers intends to reduce the poverty and unemployment, to improve the health and educational status and to fulfill the basic needs such as food, shelter and clothing of the rural population. To improve the conditions of rural people, Government of India has launched various schemes such as Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), Rastriya Sama Vikas Yojana (RSVY), Indira Awas Yojana (IAY), Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana (SGRY), Integrated Tribal Development Project (ITDP), Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY), Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS), Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas (DWCRA), etc. All these schemes are aimed to reduce the gap between rural and urban people, which would help reduce economic imbalances and speed up the development process. This article is highlights Impact, Issues and Challenges of MGNREGA on Rural Development

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Rajpal, Sunil, William Joe, Malavika A. Subramanyam, et al. "Utilization of Integrated Child Development Services in India: Programmatic Insights from National Family Health Survey, 2016." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 9 (2020): 3197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093197.

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The Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) program launched in India in 1975 is one of the world’s largest flagship programs that aims to improve early childhood care and development via a range of healthcare, nutrition and early education services. The key to success of ICDS is in finding solutions to the historical challenges of geographic and socioeconomic inequalities in access to various services under this umbrella scheme. Using birth history data from the National Family Health Survey (Demographic and Health Survey), 2015–2016, this study presents (a) socioeconomic patterning in service uptake across rural and urban India, and (b) continuum in service utilization at three points (i.e., by mothers during pregnancy, by mothers while breastfeeding and by children aged 0–72 months) in India. We used an intersectional approach and ran a series multilevel logistic regression (random effects) models to understand patterning in utilization among mothers across socioeconomic groups. We also computed the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC-AUC) based on a logistic regression model to examine concordance between service utilization across three different points. The service utilization (any service) by mothers during pregnancy was about 20 percentage points higher for rural areas (60.5 percent; 95% CI: 60.3; 30.7) than urban areas (38.8 percent; 95% CI: 38.4; 39.1). We also found a lower uptake of services related to health and nutrition education during pregnancy (41.9 percent in rural) and early childcare (preschool) (42.4 percent). One in every two mother–child pairs did not avail any benefits from ICDS in urban areas. Estimates from random effects model revealed higher odds of utilization among schedule caste mothers from middle-class households in rural households. AUC estimates suggested a high concordance between service utilization by mothers and their children (AUC: 0.79 in rural; 0.84 in urban) implying a higher likelihood of continuum if service utilization commences at pregnancy.

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Tandon, B. N., and A. Sahai. "Immunization in India: Contribution of Integrated Child Development Services Scheme to Expanded Programme of Immunization." Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 34, no. 6 (1988): 309–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tropej/34.6.309.

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Upadhyay, Madhu Kumari, Somdatta Patra, and Amir Maroof Khan. "Ensuring availability of food for child nutrition amidst the COVID – 19 pandemic: Challenges and Way forward." Indian Journal of Community Health 32, no. 2 (Supp) (2020): 251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2020.v32i02supp.015.

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Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic spread in India is steeply rising. A 21-day lockdown has been imposed by the Government of India, to curtail its spread. This has impacted all walks of life, including the availability of food, and nutrition related services. This will impact nutritional status of children throughout India. The two major schemes, i.e. the Integrated Child Development Scheme and the Mid-day meal services scheme have also been affected leading to a risk of worsening of child nutrition. Some states have evolved their own strategies to mitigate the effect of lockdown during this crisis period. Here we discuss the challenges and way forward related to ensuring availability of food for child nutrition during this health crisis. 

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Avsm, Y. S., N. Gandhi, B. N. Tandon, and K. S. Krishnamurthy. "Integrated Child Development Services Scheme and Nutritional Status of Indian Children." Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 41, no. 2 (1995): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tropej/41.2.123.

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Ranjan, Ravi, Munmee Das, and Shubhabrata Das. "Knowledge of anganwadi workers about integrated child development services: a study in Sitamarhi district of Bihar, India." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 7, no. 11 (2019): 4194. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20194991.

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Background: The anganwadi worker (AWW) is the backbone of integrated child development services (ICDS) for delivering the services of the program. Being a key functionary, her level of knowledge regarding various components of ICDS is linked to the ultimate outcome of the ICDS program. Thus, this study was aimed to assess the level of knowledge among AWW regarding services of ICDS.Methods: This was a cross sectional study in which level of knowledge regarding ICDS among anganwadi worker was assessed using structured questionnaire. The primary outcome of the study is the knowledge of AWW about ICDS component services. Descriptive statistics was presented as frequency and percentage for categorical variable. The knowledge of AWW was assessed by knowledge score made under all the themes of the questionnaire and was presented as mean and median score. Analysis was done in STATA version 14.2.Results: Nearly 55% of the respondents were not aware about ICDS services. Whereas majority had knowledge on growth monitoring and immunization respectively, above the median score, only 39% of AWW had knowledge on nutritional supplementation above median score. The variables such as education level and training of AWW showed significant association with the knowledge of ICDS components.Conclusions: There is need for improving knowledge and awareness about various ICDS components and the training quality provided to AWWs.

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S. V., Saranya, Ashwini Kumar, Muralidhar M. Kulkarni, and Asha Kamath. "Perception, awareness and utilization of integrated child development services scheme by mothers in coastal Karnataka, India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 9, no. 6 (2022): 2639. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20221547.

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Background: Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) scheme is the leading outreach program aimed at promoting maternal and child health care and help in strengthening the implementation of MCH activities like immunization, growth monitoring, supplementation of vitamin A and iron folic acid tablets. Hence, ICDS takes holistic approach in development of children and attempts to improve their prenatal and post-natal environment. Hence the present study was undertaken to study the awareness and utilization of ICDS scheme by expectant mothers and nursing mothers in coastal Karnataka. Objectives of current study were to study the awareness and utilization of services offered to mothers under ICDS 2 and to assess the perception about the services.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was done among 141 mothers registered in anganwadis.Results: Majority were aware of SN (96.5%) followed by TT immunization (89.4%) and NHED (22%). The most common service utilized by the study subjects was supplementary nutrition (94.3%) followed by NHED (24.1%) and home visit (23.4%). Larger proportion of the study subjects were of opinion that SN food of good quality (57.1%) and almost 96.2% mothers said food was of adequate quantity.Conclusions: Among the eligible expectant and nursing mothers, majority of them utilized supplementary nutrition. Nearly 40% of expectant and nursing mothers were not happy about the quality of food offered to them. Nutrition and health education sessions were attended by only 40% of the eligible mothers.

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Chudasama, RajeshK, UmedV Patel, AmiruddinM Kadri, Arohi Mitra, Dhara Thakkar, and Jasmin Oza. "Evaluation of integrated Child Development Services program in Gujarat, India for the years 2012 to 2015." Indian Journal of Public Health 60, no. 2 (2016): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0019-557x.184544.

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Verma, Rajiv, Saurabh Gupta, and Regina Birner. "Can vigilance-focused governance reforms improve service delivery? The case of Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) in Bihar, India." Development Policy Review 36 (August 6, 2018): O786—O802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dpr.12344.

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Ramani, K. V., Dileep Mavalankar, Sanjay Joshi, Imran Malek, Tapasvi Puvar, and Harish Kumar. "Why Should 5,000 Children Die in India Every Day? Major Causes of Death and Managerial Challenges." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 35, no. 2 (2010): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090920100202.

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Globally, more than 10 million children, under five years of age, almost all in poor countries, die every year (20 children per minute), mostly from preventable causes. The major causes of child death include neonatal disorders (death within 28 days of birth), diarrhoea, pneumonia, and measles with malnutrition being a major contributing factor for childhood illnesses. India alone accounts for almost 5,000 deaths of under-five years children (U5) every day. In 1975, the Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS) was launched in the country to provide integrated health and nutrition services focusing upon the holistic development of children at the village level. Yet by 2005, 50 per cent of the children in India were still malnourished. India's neonatal mortality, which accounts for almost 50 per cent of the U5 deaths, is one of the highest in the world. India launched the Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) in 1985. Yet full immunization in India had reached only 43.5 per cent by 2005-06, as per the NFHS 31. This paper, besides discussing the status of mortality of children and the situation of child health services, examines the managerial challenges of the child health programmes in India. There is a need for improving the management capacity amongst health service providers, specifically the planning and implementation of child health programmes such as immunization, control of diarrhoea, and pneumonia. The analysis of the trends of the past decline shows that during 1990-2008, India achieved a decrease in infant mortality rate (IMR) at a very low annual average rate of 1.9 per cent. To achieve Millennium Development Goals (MDG) 4, between 2009— 2015, the rate of reduction of IMR needs to be increased to a very high level — at 6.74 per cent every year. This means that the government and the private sector need to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the child health programmes substantially. Incremental improvement over “business-as-usual” will not help in achieving MDG 4. Effective and efficient management of child health programmes would require focused political and administrative attention and managerial capacity.

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Shivangi. "Paediatric Medicine in India and Bottlenecks of Development in Nurturing Demographic Assets." South Asia Research 39, no. 3 (2019): 323–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0262728019861762.

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This article argues that the poor state of paediatric medicine in India still restrains and often prevents the healthy development of far too many young Indians. Infants as junior-most citizens deserve diligent care, as they have legal entitlements to specialised medical services, ensuring their survival and healthy growth, ultimately for the benefit of the entire nation. The article first traces the somewhat stunted colonial institutional development of paediatric medicine in India. It then proceeds to perform a critical analysis of the continuing harm of negligence concerning the health and upbringing of India’s vulnerable infants, challenging the state to become more committed to integrated child development.

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Meena, Jitendra Kumar, Anjana Verma, and Rajesh Kumar. "Evaluation of Integrated Childhood Development Services (ICDS) program implementation in an urban slum of Delhi, India." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 5, no. 8 (2017): 3443. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20173537.

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Background: The Integrated Childhood Development Services (ICDS) scheme is India’s foremost program imparting comprehensive and cost-effective services to meet the multi-dimensional needs of children. Following a populist approach, the program has now increased its umbrella coverage to reproductive age, pregnant and lactating women. The impact of such development and existing program performance remain debatable due to the paucity of evaluation research.Methods: A mix-methods descriptive case study was done using adapted ICDS monitoring tool in a pre-identified slum. The slum was purposely chosen for its intensive habitation of the poor and marginalized population. Primary data were collected through personalized interviews with program staff, health functionaries, and community representatives. Secondary data were collected from records available at Anganwadi centre (AWC). The data were triangulated and analyzed with results being expressed in narrative, simple proportions and percentages.Results: The mean coverage of ICDS services was 58.3%. Maximum coverage recorded for Supplementary Nutrition (SN) and minimal for Nutrition and Health Education (NHE). SN, immunization, Pre-school education (PSE) and growth monitoring (0-3 years) were regularly held. Maternal and child health services were unsatisfactory. Poor community perception reported for AWC and ICDS services with exception of SN.Conclusions: Present case study unveils poor infrastructure, coverage and community participation for ICDS services. Immunisation and referral networking is often dysfunctional reflecting the need for enhanced intersectoral cooperation. Adapted tools could serve as an effective strategy for evaluating and facilitating need-based improvements.

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Siraj-Blatchford, Iram. "An evaluation of early years education and training in the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) in India." International Journal of Early Years Education 2, no. 1 (2003): 52–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09669760.2003.10807106.

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Siraj-Blatchford, Iram. "An evaluation of early years education and training in the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) in India." International Journal of Early Years Education 2, no. 1 (1994): 52–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0966976940020106a.

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Rao, Nirmala. "Children’s rights to survival, development, and early education in India: The critical role of the Integrated Child Development Services program." International Journal of Early Childhood 37, no. 3 (2005): 15–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03168343.

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Abraham, Ruth. "Awareness and perception of mothers regarding Integrated child development services scheme for children in an urban area of Kerala." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 9, no. 7 (2022): 2875. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20221751.

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Background: Integrated child development services (ICDS) scheme was launched in India to improve the nutritional and health status of children. Perception of beneficiaries about ICDS services provided by Anganwadi centres had not being sufficiently explored. Hence the objective of this study was to assess the awareness and perception of mothers regarding Anganwadi services for children in an urban area of Kerala. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in an urban area of central Kerala. Study participants were mothers having pediatric children, who were residing in the urban areas of central Kerala for at least the past one year. A total of 70 mothers were interviewed using a pre-designed semi-structured questionnaire after obtaining informed consent. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 18.Results: Mean age of the study participants was 31.7±5.8 years. But 24.3% of children of the study participant never attended Anganwadi. The majority of study participants were aware of supplementary nutrition services (97%) provided by ICDS. Immunization services (58.6%) were the least aware service in ICDS. The perception of participants regarding adequate quantity and quality of supplementary nutrition from Anganwadi was only 58.6% and 62.9%. Only 57.1% felt that preschool non-formal education was beneficial, even though 90% were aware of this service from the Anganwadi centre.Conclusions: The participants were aware of ICDS services, but their perception regarding Anganwadi services was poor. Reasons for poor perception regarding ICDS services need to be assessed by focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with beneficiaries.

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Saha, Mausumi, and Romy Biswas. "An assessment of facilities and activities under integrated child development services in a city of Darjeeling district, West Bengal, India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 6 (2017): 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20172165.

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Background: ICDS is the unique community based programme for early childhood care and development. The objective of the study were to assess the facilities and activities of ICDS centres and the utilization of ICDS services among children aged 6 months to 6 years in a city of Darjeeling district, West Bengal, India. Study setting and design – Community based cross-sectional study done in a city of Darjeeling District of West Bengal, India during June – September 2016.Methods: 30 ICDS centres were selected by cluster sampling method. From each cluster 7 households were selected randomly with help of register of AWCs. 30 AWWs and 210 mothers of 6 months – 6 years children were interviewed with pre-designed, pre-tested schedule.Results: 86.66% AWCs were running in pukka building. Toilet facility was absent in 43.33% AWC. All AWCs were well equipped & all workers were literate. 65.12% male child and 70.74% female child had received supplementary nutrition. Immunization records were present in all AWC. NHED was celebrated in all AWC twice monthly. 80% AWC referred sick children verbally. 17.61% of children took the meal to their home and 29.57% mother didn’t attend NHED meeting.Conclusions: There was gap in infrastructural facility and some activities. Mothers were satisfied with overall functioning of AWC.

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Nandi, Arindam, Jere R. Behrman, and Ramanan Laxminarayan. "The Impact of a National Early Childhood Development Program on Future Schooling Attainment: Evidence from Integrated Child Development Services in India." Economic Development and Cultural Change 69, no. 1 (2020): 291–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/703078.

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Mosley, W. Henry, Arnfried A. Kielmann, and Carl E. Taylor. "Child and Maternal Health Services in Rural India: The Narangwal Experiment. Vol. 1: Integrated Nutrition and Health Care." Population and Development Review 11, no. 3 (1985): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1973252.

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Malik, A., M. Bhilwar, N. Rustagi, and D. K. Taneja. "An assessment of facilities and services at Anganwadi centers under the Integrated Child Development Service scheme in Northeast District of Delhi, India." International Journal for Quality in Health Care 27, no. 3 (2015): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzv028.

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Mohapatra, Jagatabandhu, Ranjit Kumar Dehury, Parthsaratathi Dehury, and Ranjan Pattnaik. "The Functions of Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS): An Assessment of Existing Policy and Practice in Odisha." Journal of Development Policy and Practice 6, no. 2 (2021): 231–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/24551333211025112.

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The Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) scheme is the world’s biggest and unique programme for nutrition and childcare, launched way back on 2 October 1975 by the Government of India. It is a centrally subsidised scheme implemented by states across the country for the benefit of children, especially for vulnerable groups. The scheme’s main objective is to improve the health and nutritional condition of children below six years of age, along with pregnant women and lactating mothers. The objective of the study is to critically analyse functions of the ICDS Scheme in the state of Odisha about implementation and monitoring. The analysis was done with the help of secondary literature and available data from government documents. The opinion and experience of various stakeholders like Anganwadi workers, supervisors and other government staff have been analysed for this purpose. This article describes existing policies and procedures of food procurement, storing, supply, cooking, production and serving cycle under ICDS Scheme in Odisha. The recommendations of the study may help for future improvement of various thrust areas of the ICDS Scheme. The article brings out critical factors accountable for the efficient implementation of the ICDS programme. Further, the study evaluates the ICDS Scheme based on existing government guidelines to reach out to the masses in Odisha.

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Ganguly, Enakshi, Rahul Gupta, Alik Widge, R. Purushotham Reddy, K. Balasubramanian, and P. S. Reddy. "Increasing Full Child Immunization Rates by Government Using an Innovative Computerized Immunization Due List in Rural India." INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 55 (January 1, 2018): 004695801775129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0046958017751292.

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Increasing child vaccination coverage to 85% or more in rural India from the current level of 50% holds great promise for reducing infant and child mortality and improving health of children. We have tested a novel strategy called Rural Effective Affordable Comprehensive Health Care (REACH) in a rural population of more than 300 000 in Rajasthan and succeeded in achieving full immunization coverage of 88.7% among children aged 12 to 23 months in a short span of less than 2 years. The REACH strategy was first developed and successfully implemented in a demonstration project by SHARE INDIA in Medchal region of Andhra Pradesh, and was then replicated in Rajgarh block of Rajasthan in cooperation with Bhoruka Charitable Trust (private partners of Integrated Child Development Services and National Rural Health Mission health workers in Rajgarh). The success of the REACH strategy in both Andhra Pradesh and Rajasthan suggests that it could be successfully adopted as a model to enhance vaccination coverage dramatically in other areas of rural India.

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Divyalalitha, N., Sunayana Manipal, Rajmohan Rajmohan, VV Bharatwaj, and D. Prabu. "The impact of integration of a dental module into the existing integrated child development services scheme in Chennai, India." Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 9, no. 9 (2020): 4841. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_239_20.

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Hirve, Siddhivinayak, Elviyanti Martini, Sanjay K. Juvekar, et al. "Delivering Sprinkles Plus through the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) to Reduce Anemia in Pre-school Children in India." Indian Journal of Pediatrics 80, no. 12 (2013): 990–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12098-013-1063-2.

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Pal, G. C. "Being Insider-Outsider: Public Policy, Social Identity, and Delivery of Healthcare Services in India." CASTE / A Global Journal on Social Exclusion 3, no. 2 (2022): 223–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.26812/caste.v3i2.451.

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Abstract The pivotal role of community level workers in the delivery of public services is well-recognized. But, they often fail to provide equal opportunities to all ‘eligible’ beneficiaries to utilize a variety of public services. Although several predisposing household factors are held responsible for inequalities in access to the public services, in recent times, one factor that has been recognised as critical to such unequal access to public services is the ‘exclusionary nature of social relations’ based on social identity embedded in the social life of village community. It is also argued that certain sections of the population are deprived of equal access to public services due to their social identity, which is different from service providers. However, the question remains–whether it is the social identity of users or providers of public services that is critical to unequal access to various services? What will be the extent of utilization of public services when the social identity of both users and providers of the services remain same? Do the social dynamics of the community life play any role in the delivery of public services? This essay addresses these questions in the context of delivery of integrated nutrition and healthcare services at the community level under the largest national flagship scheme of Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS). Drawing evidence from a larger sample survey of over 4000 household beneficiaries and 200 service providers, the essay sheds light on how the delivery of healthcare services is fraught with social injustice due to dominant socio-cultural norms around social identity despite the values of healthcare centres to cater to the health needs of all sections of society.

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kalapala, Gangadhar Rao, Shamanna BR, and B. Ravi Zechariah. "Nutritional Status and Utilization of Anganwadi Services: An Epidemiological Comparative Study Medak District, Telangana, India." Research in Pharmacy and Health Sciences 3, no. 2 (2017): 313–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32463/rphs.2017.v03i02.11.

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Background: Malnutrition is the widely prevalent problem in India as well as other developing countries; India has one of the astonishing magnitudes according to the national family health survey. The Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) programme is a globally recognized community based early child care programme, which addresses the basic interrelated needs of young children, expectant and nursing mothers and adolescent girls across the life cycle, in a holistic manner. ICDS in India is a response the challenge of breaking a vicious cycle of mal-nutrition, impaired development, morbidity and mortality in young children, working in convergence with other flagship programmes. Material and methods: It is an observational cross sectional study design sampling was obtained through the simple random sampling .The sample size consists of 100 anganwadi children Results: The present study the findings have shown that Mean age of the children= 43.27 months Males 50% and Females 50% ,Average age of weaning=9.89=10 months, per cent of children attending anganwadi centre =97.6% ,Children attending anganwadi centres regularly=53% Children attending anganwadi centre irregular=29% Children attending anganwadi less than two days in a week=18%. Conclusion: The prevalence of malnutrition in males and females are comparatively higher as 48.8% and 49.4, despite many programs and efforts put down by the government the malnutrition rates are still prevail high in the country .the programs were beneficial to only certain class of people.

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Touthang, Jangkholun, H. Kulabidhu Singh, H. Nirendrakumar Singh, and L. Narendra Singh. "Evaluation of the Integrated Child Development Services Scheme in a Hilly Tribal District of Manipur: A Cross-Sectional Study." Healthline 13, no. 3 (2022): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.51957/healthline_385_2022.

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Introduction: The Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme, the largest program for promotion of maternal and child health nutrition in India, is operational for more than four decades. Objective: To evaluate Integrated Child Development Services Scheme in Kangpokpi District of Manipur in terms of input, process and outcome indicators. Method: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted at a tribal hilly district of Kangpokpi in Manipur. The study included ICDS staff and beneficiaries of 35 randomly selected Anganwadi Centres (AWCs). Data related to ICDS was collected by using interview schedules and checklists. The descriptive data were expressed in terms of mean, standard deviation and percentage. Association between important background characteristics and Anganwadi centre attendance was analysed using chi-square test. Ethical clearance was obtained from the institutional Ethic Committee of JNIMS, Imphal before conducting the study (study period: May 2018 to April 2021) Results: Input indicators: The study found that86% anganwadi centres were run in anganwadi worker’s own house. Two-thirds of the anganwadi workers (65.7%) were found to have separate toilet and 22.9% had separate kitchen. Process indicators: Even though the proportions of beneficiaries accessing services from anganwadi centres were high, the number of days Supplementary Nutrition (SN) was provided in a month was comparatively low (mean: 2.97 and SD: 0.618 for under-6 children and mean: 1 and SD: 0.000 days for adolescent girls, pregnant women and lactating mother in a month) due to frequent interruption of supplementary nutrition supply. There was no supplementary nutrition stock in 74.3% of the anganwadi centres on the day of visit. Outcome indicators: Regarding the nutritional status 90% of Under-6 children were found to be normal, 9% underweight and 0.6% severely underweight. Conclusion: The Integrated Child Development Services Programme in the study area was found to have several short-comings both in terms of inputs and process. There were not only inadequate facilities and infrastructure, but the anganwadi centres also lacked essential equipment like weighing machines and medicine kits, rendering a vital activity like growth monitoring to be almost completely absent. Supervisory visits were far below satisfactory.

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Vikram, Kriti, and Namrata Chindarkar. "Bridging the gaps in cognitive achievement in India: The crucial role of the integrated child development services in early childhood." World Development 127 (March 2020): 104697. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.104697.

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Gill, Kanwal Preet K., Priyanka Devgun, S. L. Mahajan, Harpreet Kaur, and Amanpreet Kaur. "Assessment of basic infrastructure in anganwadi centres under integrated child development services scheme in district Amritsar of Punjab." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 8 (2017): 2973. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20173355.

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Background:In India, Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme was launched on 2nd October, 1975. The aim was to provide pre-school non-formal education on one hand and breaking the vicious cycle of malnutrition, morbidity and mortality among mothers and children on the other hand. An anganwadi is the focal point for the delivery of services to the community. Hence, the current study was planned to assess the basic infrastructure in AWCs of Punjab.Methods:A total of 400 anganwadi workers (AWWs), 200 each from rural and urban areas were randomly selected for the study. A pre-designed, pre-tested proforma was administered to selected AWWs. The purpose of the study was explained to them. The data was compiled and analysed by using SPSS 20.0 version.Results:It was observed that out of 400 anganwadis, only 24% of anganwadis had their own allotted building. Only 42% anganwadis had functional Salter weighing machine with them. Weighing machine for adults and children in working condition was available in only 38.2% anganwadis. Nearly half of the anganwadis (50.8%) do not have electricity connection. Water supply was found to be available in 53% anganwadis only. 77.5% anganwadis got regular supply of ration. But utensils for distributing ration were present with only 65.2% anganwadis and 69.3% anganwadis had helper to assist anganwadi worker.Conclusions:Adequate infrastructure along with regular supply of ration need to be ensured for proper functioning of anganwadis.

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Chudasama, RajeshK, UmedV Patel, Matib Rangoonwala, et al. "Evaluation of Anganwadi centres performance under Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) program in Gujarat State, India during year 2012-13." Journal of Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences 20, no. 1 (2015): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0971-9903.151744.

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Kapil, Umesh, and Neha Sareen. "Delivering Sprinkles Plus through the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) to Reduce Anemia in Pre-School Children in India: Correspondence." Indian Journal of Pediatrics 81, no. 10 (2014): 1135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12098-014-1413-8.

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G., Abhijnana, Selvi Thangaraj, Ranganath T. S., and Vishwanath . "Comparing infrastructure of anganwadi centres under integrated child development services of urban and rural Bangalore: a cross sectional study." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 10 (2019): 4510. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20194521.

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Background: Anganwadi centres under integrated child development services is the largest Project in India to improve not only child health but reproductive, maternal and adolescent health. The aim of the present study is to compare the infrastructure of urban and rural anganwadi which is one of the basic need to provide quality services.Methods: A total of 30 anganwadi centres are involved in our study in which 20 are from rural and 10 are from urban field practice area of Department of Community Medicine, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bangalore. This study employed interview method with anganwadi worker’s and observation of anganwadi centre using pre-designed, semi structured questionnaire and checklist.Results: 85% of rural and 60% urban anganwadi centres have their own buildings to carry out the services. 20% of rural anganwadi centres lack fixed name boards compared to urban anganwadi centres. 55% of rural anganwadi centres and 90% of urban anganwadi centres lack separate storage for raw food materials. 15% of rural anganwadi centres lack functional toilet facility. 40% of rural anganwadi centres lack functional weighing machine.Conclusions: Anganwadi centres are remote contact point of health care system within the community. The infrastructure of anganwadi centre such as type of building, space for cooking and activities, availability of functional equipments ensure the quality service deliveries which in turn are enhanced by timely supervision from higher authorities.

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Wilson, Preethy. "Adolescent Development Education through Anganwadi Workers: A Study Report from Kerala." Artha - Journal of Social Sciences 11, no. 1 (2012): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.12724/ajss.20.4.

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Integrated Child Development Services Scheme (ICDS) has been a pioneering initiative of the Government of India for the betterment of adolescent girls and mothers. The current paper is an attempt to develop an intervention program for adolescent girls on enhancing their psychosocial competence through Anganwadi teachers and evaluate its outcome. The master trainers (Anganwadi workers) were trained and they conducted interventions for adolescents on four topics with 16 activities. The post assessment result on a control and intervention group shows that significant changes in adolescent girls can be effected through the intervention of Anganwadi workers. The paper also highlights that planners and the policy makers need to give serious thought to effective utilisation of the human resource available at the disposal of the ICDS programme for improved service delivery to adolescent girls under ICDS.

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Kumar, Sanjeev, and Sainath Banerjee. "Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Programme in the Context of Urban Poor and Slum Dwellers in India: Exploring Challenges and Opportunities." Indian Journal of Public Administration 61, no. 1 (2015): 94–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019556120150107.

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Chudasama, RajeshK, AM Kadri, Matib Rangoonwala, Ankit Sheth, Mayur Vala, and PramodB Verma. "Evaluation of nutritional and other activities at Anganwadi centers under integrated child development services program in different districts of Gujarat, India." Journal of Medical Nutrition and Nutraceuticals 4, no. 2 (2015): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2278-019x.141543.

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Hirve, Siddhivinayak. "Delivering Sprinkles Plus through the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) to Reduce Anemia in Pre-school Children in India: Author’s Reply." Indian Journal of Pediatrics 81, no. 10 (2014): 1136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12098-014-1414-7.

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Manhas, Shashi, and Annpurna Dogra. "Awareness among Anganwadi Workers and the Prospect of Child Health and Nutrition: A Study in Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India." Anthropologist 14, no. 2 (2012): 171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09720073.2012.11891235.

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Chatterjee, Esha, and Christie Sennott. "Fertility intentions and child health in India: Women’s use of health services, breastfeeding, and official birth documentation following an unwanted birth." PLOS ONE 16, no. 11 (2021): e0259311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259311.

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This study examines the relationship between women’s prospective fertility intentions and child health, measured via access to healthcare facilities for children and postpartum maternal behaviors that are indicative of future child health. We analyze two waves of nationally representative data (2005 and 2012) from the India Human Development Survey (IHDS). The analytic sample includes 3,442 non-pregnant, currently married women aged 18–40 in 2005 who participated in both rounds of the IHDS, and had at least one birth between 2005 and 2012. We investigate the influence of women’s prospective fertility intentions on access to benefits from the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS), indicators of breastfeeding as recommended by the World Health Organization, and official documentation of births via birth certificates or registration. We find that 58 percent of births among women in the sample were labeled as unwanted. We use an adaptation of propensity score matching—the inverse-probability-weighted regression adjustment (IPWRA) estimator—and show that, after accounting for maternal and household characteristics that are known to be associated with maternal and child health, children who resulted from unwanted births were less likely to obtain any benefits or immunizations from the ICDS, to be breastfed within one hour of birth, and to have an official birth certificate. Results from this study have direct policy significance given the evidence that women’s fertility intentions can have negative implications for child health and wellbeing in the short and longer term.

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Dubowitz, Tamara, Dorothy Levinson, Jerusha Nelson Peterman, Geeta Verma, Sangita Jacob, and Werner Schultink. "Intensifying Efforts to Reduce Child Malnutrition in India: An Evaluation of the Dular Program in Jharkhand, India." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 28, no. 3 (2007): 266–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482650702800302.

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Background The Dular strategy is a unique nutrition initiative initiated by UNICEF India in collaboration with the states of Bihar and Jharkhand. Designed to complement the government's Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) and build upon its infrastructure, one of the major goals of the Dular program is to capitalize and develop community resources at the grassroots level. The emphasis of the Dular program is on establishing a community-based tracking system of the health status of women and of children 0 to 36 months of age by neighborhood-based local resource persons (LRPs). The main objectives of the Dular program include increased prenatal attendance, improvement in breastfeeding and colostrum delivery, improved nutritional practices, and decreased malnutrition. Objectives and methods An impact evaluation of 744 women and children in Jharkhand examined antenatal and birthing practices, colostrum delivery, delivery of breastmilk as first food, reported use of iodized salt, measured iodized salt status, immunization and weight-for-age z-scores (WAZ) of children 0 to 36 months of age, controlling for various measures of socioeconomic status. Results Differences were found between Dular and non-Dular villages in all major outcomes. Particularly noteworthy is that young children in Dular areas had a 45% lower prevalence of severe malnutrition and were four times more likely to receive colostrum than those in non-Dular villages. Conclusions Our evaluation results indicate that programmatic overlays to the ICDS program, which focus primary attention on children 0 to 36 months of age and on women, have the potential to transform into a cost-effective instrument for reducing child malnutrition in India, with implications for women and children in India.

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Mohanty, Ragini N., and Richa Shah. "SMCH – the innovative pediatric care hospital from India." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 6, no. 3 (2016): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-06-2015-0118.

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Subject area The subject area is entrepreneurship. Study level/applicability Graduate and executive education level in leadership, entrepreneurship and strategic management are used to discuss leadership, entrepreneurship and strategy in health services. Case overview This case talks about the passionate journey of a pediatrician practicing in the Mumbai city of India, who as an individual private practitioner is contributing to the fulfilment of the global health agenda and the fourth Millennium Development Goal (MDG) – “reduce child mortality”. His vision is to make quality and affordable expert pediatric care accessible to all the individuals, right from pre-birth to adulthood. Surya Mother and Child Care Hospital (SMCH) is being strengthened as a nation-wide network of mother and child hospital offering patient/consumer-centric integrated collaborative quality care, and it needs to be seen how this model can be made sustainable as it enlarges in scale for the future. Expected learning outcomes The case is structured to achieve the following learning outcomes: to understand about effectuation as a logic for entrepreneurial success through the lens of Dr Avasthi and his venture SMCH; To understand and apply Porter’s Principles of value transformation that essentially focus on outcome-driven cost-efficient work practices in a collaborative integrative fashion, where transformation must come from within (some practices suggested can be applied to the Indian Healthcare Services Delivery systems); to critically analyze the overall strategic position of SMCH as an organization and its competitive environment; to discuss the factors influencing health-care delivery capacity build up, given the MDGs 2015, Every Newborn Action Plan and Indian Newborn Action Plan framework, as applicable to India; and to discuss and analyze mechanisms for future sustainable service delivery options for SMCH. Although each of these principles is important, possibly, the instructor could emphasize and encourage more discussions on potential models of shared partnerships that can help quality health-care services reach the unreached and the incorporation of technology in achieving this. The learning process can also facilitate discussions about leadership qualities in the creation of health-care entrepreneurs, for the “Change That They Would Want To See”. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes. Subject code CSS:3 Entrepreneurship.

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Kumar, Nomita P. "Reaching Out to Mother and Child Through ICDS: Insights from a Field Study in Uttar Pradesh." Indian Journal of Human Development 11, no. 2 (2017): 251–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973703017720573.

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Under-nutrition among women and children remains a major development challenge across India. It is recognized that several integrated interventions are necessary to deal with the problem of undernutrition. The Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) scheme was aimed at improving maternal and child nutrition. A set of broadly agreed nutrition-specific interventions are delivered through network of anganwadi centres (AWCs) along with the continuum of care. Though well-conceived, ICDS has, in practice, given more attention to increasing coverage than to improving the quality of service delivery and to distributing food rather than changing family-based feeding and caring behaviour. This inertia is reflected in poor outcomes in the state of Uttar Pradesh (UP). This article seeks to evaluate the work delivered by ICDS in UP after assessing the allocation and expenditure. This study draws upon the findings of field survey in nine districts of UP conducted by the author recently. Overall, 90 anganwadi centres were covered to find out the kinds of constraints that arise in utilizing funds effectively under this programme. The study also analyses the secondary data to examine the implementation status of ICDS in the state.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Integrated Child Development Services (India)'

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