Journal articles: 'INTEGRATED DICTIONARY'

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Bergenholtz, Henning, and Sandro Nielsen. "Subject-field components as integrated parts of LSP dictionaries." Terminology 12, no. 2 (November 13, 2006): 281–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/term.12.2.07ber.

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The dividing line between specialised lexicography and terminography is non-existent. The focus of preparing dictionaries for a particular subject-field should be the needs of its user group in specific situations. This is catered for by the modern theory of dictionary functions and includes the introduction of subject-field components in dictionaries. Dictionary functions are communication-orientated or cognition-orientated, and the lexicographers must identify the relevant functions and select and present the data so that the dictionary satisfies the needs of the users. The optimal dictionary contains aided fully integrated subject-field components that supplement and complement the data included in the articles.

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Al-Shehri, Saleh, and Christina Gitsaki. "Online reading: a preliminary study of the impact of integrated and split-attention formats on L2 students’ cognitive load." ReCALL 22, no. 3 (September 2010): 356–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0958344010000212.

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AbstractCognitive load theory has been utilized by second language acquisition (SLA) researchers to account for differences in learner performance with regards to different learning tasks. Certain instructional designs were shown to have an impact on cognitive load and working memory, and this impact was found to be accentuated in a multimedia environment where there is a variety of interacting elements and tools that can lead to cognitive overload and consequently reduced learning outcomes. This study investigated the influence of split-attention and integrated instructional formats on students’ cognitive load and how they might facilitate second language online reading and vocabulary learning. Twenty English as a Second Language (ESL) intermediate students studying at an Australian language institution were randomly assigned to four conditions: SAND (Split-Attention No Dictionary), SAOD (Split-Attention with Online Dictionary), IFND (Integrated Format No Dictionary), and IFOD (Integrated Format with Online Dictionary). Subjects were asked to complete an online reading comprehension task in which subjects tested under the SAND and SAOD conditions were exposed to a typical reading text followed by comprehension questions, whereas subjects in the IFND and IFOD conditions were exposed to a reading text where the comprehension questions were physically inserted within the reading text. Under the SAOD and IFOD conditions, subjects had access to an online dictionary. Results showed that the integrated reading format was found to facilitate students’ reading comprehension more than the split-attention format. Also, students who had access to the online dictionary in the SAOD and IFOD groups performed better on the vocabulary test, but spent more time on the reading task than the other two groups. Furthermore, participants in the split-attention format group looked up more words than their counterparts in the integrated format group. The results of the present study have certain implications for multimedia instructional designers and ESL teachers.

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Simpson, John. "English: the collected works." English Today 5, no. 3 (July 1989): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078400004053.

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Li, Chun Mei. "Design and Development of English Electronic Dictionary Based on Android Platform." Advanced Materials Research 912-914 (April 2014): 1197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.912-914.1197.

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The design and development process of electronic dictionary software on Android development platform was discussed in this paper. This application, using Android SDK and the Eclipse IDE to develop, is available in English translation, learning, testing, reviewing, attention book, import or delete dictionary, reciting English sentence and other functions. The software has built-in dictionaries, also allows users to import necessary dictionary to learn. The system uses Android integrated development interface of SQLite to store and retrieve vocabulary. The applications are developed based on Java language, and worked as expected on the emulator.

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Qi, Guanqiu, Jinchuan Wang, Qiong Zhang, Fancheng Zeng, and Zhiqin Zhu. "An Integrated Dictionary-Learning Entropy-Based Medical Image Fusion Framework." Future Internet 9, no. 4 (October 6, 2017): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi9040061.

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Wonyoung Doh, Kyeongbong Choi, and Shin Sang-hyun. "A study on the integrated DB of dictionary compilation information." Korean Cultural Studies ll, no. 75 (May 2017): 17–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17948/kcs.2017..75.17.

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Cilingiroglu, T. Berkin, Aydan Uyar, Ahmet Tuysuzoglu, W. Clem Karl, Janusz Konrad, Bennett B. Goldberg, and M. Selim Ünlü. "Dictionary-based image reconstruction for superresolution in integrated circuit imaging." Optics Express 23, no. 11 (May 29, 2015): 15072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.23.015072.

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Deeba, Farah, She Kun, Wenyong Wang, Junaid Ahmed, and Bahzad Qadir. "Wavelet integrated residual dictionary training for single image super-resolution." Multimedia Tools and Applications 78, no. 19 (June 26, 2019): 27683–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11042-019-07850-4.

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Góra, Katarzyna. "Predicate-Argument Structure in a Valence Dictionary (on the Example of the Verb Reward)." Acta Neophilologica 1, no. XXIII (June 1, 2021): 101–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/an.6414.

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Valence dictionaries are very often specialized works for advanced readers which present how particular linguistic units combine with its subordinates. The article is a critical analysis of a dictionary entry for the lexical unit of reward contained in A Valency Dictionary of English, a Corpus-Based Analysis of the Complementation Patterns of English Verbs, Nouns and Adjectives [2004]. A complementary proposal regarding the predicate-argument structure and its annotation system will be provided based on the theoretical model proposed by S. Karolak [1984; 2002] called Semantic Syntax (SS) and more specifically its extended model called explicative syntax [Kiklewicz et al. 2010; 2019]. The research findings demonstrate the need for coordinated international projects that should integrate both the syntactic as well as the semantic levels in order to gradually meet the objective of an integrated language description encompassing both the grammar and the lexicon.

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Cui, Yan, Jielin Jiang, Zhihui Lai, WaiKeung Wong, and Zuojin Hu. "An integrated optimisation algorithm for feature extraction, dictionary learning and classification." Neurocomputing 275 (January 2018): 2740–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2017.11.043.

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STANLEY, E. G. "THE OXFORD ENGLISH DICTIONARY AND SUPPLEMENT: THE INTEGRATED EDITION OF 1989." Review of English Studies XLI, no. 161 (1990): 76–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/res/xli.161.76.

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Ho, Thanh Trung, Anh Thi Tran, and Hoa Khanh Nguyen. "Building a information system for looking up contextual technical dictionary." Science and Technology Development Journal 18, no. 3 (August 30, 2015): 82–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v18i3.862.

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The context of technical terms is very important. It is part of information in text which supports users in understanding the exact meaning of technical terms in particular specialized circumstances, especially in education and research. However, most of current dictionary systems only focus on the lookup function and the standard meaning of terms without considering related contexts. In this paper, we proposed the model for searching technical terms and context of terms based on analyzing, evaluating and choosing an optimal algorithm in pattern matching technique. Then, the model was integrated on a dictionary system and experimented on 1500 terms in the context of information system and electronic commerce. This dictionary system supports searching with technical terms both in Vietnamese and English.

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Abdullah Moafa, Fahad, Kamsuriah Ahmad, Waleed Mugahed Al-Rahmi, Noraffandy Yahaya, Yusri Bin Kamin, and Mahdi Alamri. "Integrated-system to minimizing cyber harassment in kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4 (September 16, 2018): 2192. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.15149.

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The proposed system framework consists two main databases: Lexicon dictionary and Summarized previous cases, by depending on Senti-ment analysis and N-Gram algorithms to match the terms and documents. In the first branch, the judge opens the cyber case and therefore the system will highlight the technical terms automatically. Furthermore, the technical terms matched with Lexicon dictionary will be high-lighted. After that, the judge opens the highlighted terms (as links), and description page will be appeared. The description page contains details about the technical terms (definitions, explanations, examples, etc). On the other side, the second branch aims to retrieve the related legal cases (from the database) judged by courts in UK and KSA. The related cases are the most closed cases to the current legal case by inserting keywords based on the current case. The judge benefits from these cases through the judgment issued to give the fair judgment. N-gram algorithm is used to find the related cases because it has smart approach to expect the most closed document and texts. The system provides the judge with laws used in issuing the judgment in KSA and UK courts.

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Kolmykov, Semyon, Ivan Yevshin, Mikhail Kulyashov, Ruslan Sharipov, Yury Kondrakhin, Vsevolod J. Makeev, Ivan V. Kulakovskiy, Alexander Kel, and Fedor Kolpakov. "GTRD: an integrated view of transcription regulation." Nucleic Acids Research 49, no. D1 (November 24, 2020): D104—D111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkaa1057.

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Abstract The Gene Transcription Regulation Database (GTRD; http://gtrd.biouml.org/) contains uniformly annotated and processed NGS data related to gene transcription regulation: ChIP-seq, ChIP-exo, DNase-seq, MNase-seq, ATAC-seq and RNA-seq. With the latest release, the database has reached a new level of data integration. All cell types (cell lines and tissues) presented in the GTRD were arranged into a dictionary and linked with different ontologies (BRENDA, Cell Ontology, Uberon, Cellosaurus and Experimental Factor Ontology) and with related experiments in specialized databases on transcription regulation (FANTOM5, ENCODE and GTEx). The updated version of the GTRD provides an integrated view of transcription regulation through a dedicated web interface with advanced browsing and search capabilities, an integrated genome browser, and table reports by cell types, transcription factors, and genes of interest.

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Fuertes-Olivera, Pedro A. "Designing and making commercially driven integrated dictionary portals: the Diccionarios Valladolid-UVa." Lexicography 6, no. 1 (June 2019): 21–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40607-019-00056-8.

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Mouna Karmani, Chiraz Khedhiri, Belgacem Hamdi, and Brahim Bensalem. "A Fault Dictionary-Based Fault Diagnosis Approach for CMOS Analog Integrated Circuits." International Journal of VLSI Design & Communication Systems 2, no. 3 (September 30, 2011): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/vlsic.2011.2301.

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Nkomo, Dion. "Developing a dictionary culture through integrated dictionary pedagogy in the outer texts of South African school dictionaries: the case of Oxford Bilingual School Dictionary: IsiXhosa and English." Lexicography 2, no. 1 (September 15, 2015): 71–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40607-015-0021-8.

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HMELJAK SANGAWA, Kristina, and Tomaž ERJAVEC. "JaSlo: Integration of a Japanese-Slovene Bilingual Dictionary with a Corpus Search System." Acta Linguistica Asiatica 2, no. 3 (December 20, 2012): 125–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/ala.2.3.125-140.

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The paper presents a set of integrated on-line language resources targeted at Japanese language learners, primarily those whose mother tongue is Slovene. The resources consist of the on-line Japanese-Slovene learners’ dictionary jaSlo and two corpora, a 1 million word Japanese-Slovene parallel corpus and a 300 million word corpus of web pages, where each word and sentence is marked by its difficulty level; this corpus is furthermore available as a set of five distinct corpora, each one containing sentences of the particular level. The corpora are available for exploration through NoSketch Engine, the open source version of the commercial state-of-the-art corpus analysis software Sketch Engine. The dictionary is available for Web searching, and dictionary entries have direct links to examples from the corpora, thus offering a wider picture of a) possible translations in concrete contextualised examples, and b) monolingual Japanese usage examples of different difficulty levels to support language learning.

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Grabowska, Monika. "Les dictionnaires dans l’apprentissage du fle en pologne : état des lieux." Romanica Wratislaviensia 63 (October 11, 2016): 53–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0557-2665/63.5.

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USE OF DICTIONARIES IN TEACHING FRENCH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE IN POLAND: BASELINE STUDY The paper focuses on the use of the dictionaries in the context of French as a foreign language in Poland. We assume, according to the Common European Framework and some other theoretical studies, that a dictionary is not only a learning tool but also a text which implies strategies of use. Consequently we consider that the learners should be provided with full-fledged dictionary skills which would make them able to explore the totality of linguistic and cultural richness of a dictionary. Unfortunately, we can prove that the use of dictionaries particularly the monolingual ones is not frequently integrated as a didactic goal in the French handbooks. Eventually, the analysis of 133 students’ surveys highlights some of the shortcomings and deficiencies in their practice of monoligual dictionaries. Their linguistic biographies emphasize the need of teaching advantages and disadvantages of different kinds of dictionaries and the special features of their micro- and macrostructure.

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Wang, Wenhong, and Hongfu Liu. "Deep Nonnegative Dictionary Factorization for Hyperspectral Unmixing." Remote Sensing 12, no. 18 (September 5, 2020): 2882. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12182882.

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As a powerful blind source separation tool, Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) with effective regularizations has shown significant superiority in spectral unmixing of hyperspectral remote sensing images (HSIs) owing to its good physical interpretability and data adaptability. However, the majority of existing NMF-based spectral unmixing methods only adopt the single layer factorization, which is not favorable for exploiting the complex and structured representation relationship of endmembers implied in HSIs. In order to overcome such an issue, we propose a novel two-stage Deep Nonnegative Dictionary Factorization (DNDF) approach with a sparseness constraint and self-supervised regularization for HSI unmixing. Beyond simply extending one-layer factorization to multi-layer, DNDF conducts fuzzy clustering to tackle the mixed endmembers of HSIs. Moreover, self-supervised regularization is integrated into our DNDF model to impose an effective constraint on the endmember matrix. Experimental results on three real HSIs demonstrate the superiority of DNDF over several state-of-the-art methods.

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CHEN, ZE-WANG, JIAN-HUA SU, and YOU-REN WANG. "AN EFFECTIVE TEST ALGORITHM AND DIAGNOSTIC IMPLEMENTATION FOR EMBEDDED STATIC RANDOM ACCESS MEMORIES." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 20, no. 07 (November 2011): 1389–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126611007931.

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An effective test algorithm and built-in self-test (BIST) with diagnostic support for embedded static random access memories (SRAM) is proposed. This work focuses on implementing the algorithm using the BIST with diagnostic support for a 64 × 8 bit embedded SRAM. The algorithm can locate and identify all the target faults in SRAM. The BIST with diagnostic support is realized by programming using very high speed integrated circuit hardware description language codes and proved very valuable for diagnosing the target faults. When analyzing experimental results, the fault dictionary is constructed from the simulated responses under the given test algorithm and fault models. The fault dictionary shows that the algorithm has a completely diagnostic ratio.

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Kim,Jeong-ryeol. "A study of basic vocabulary for integrated English education: Building ECI learners’ dictionary." Multimedia-Assisted Language Learning 12, no. 2 (August 2009): 163–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15702/mall.2009.12.2.163.

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Ahmed, Junaid, Bin Gao, and Wai Lok Woo. "Wavelet-Integrated Alternating Sparse Dictionary Matrix Decomposition in Thermal Imaging CFRP Defect Detection." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 15, no. 7 (July 2019): 4033–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tii.2018.2881341.

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Lirov, Yuval, and Nissim Daunov. "An integrated data dictionary to facilitate automatic report generation in a network database." Software: Practice and Experience 17, no. 3 (March 1987): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380170303.

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Zhu, Yanjie, Jinkyu Kang, Chong Duan, Maryam Nezafat, Ulf Neisius, Jihye Jang, and Reza Nezafat. "Integrated motion correction and dictionary learning for free‐breathing myocardial T 1 mapping." Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 81, no. 4 (November 27, 2018): 2644–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrm.27579.

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Xu, Mengchao, Qian Liu, Dexuan Sha, Manzhu Yu, Daniel Q. Duffy, William M. Putman, Mark Carroll, Tsengdar Lee, and Chaowei Yang. "PreciPatch: A Dictionary-based Precipitation Downscaling Method." Remote Sensing 12, no. 6 (March 23, 2020): 1030. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12061030.

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Climate and weather data such as precipitation derived from Global Climate Models (GCMs) and satellite observations are essential for the global and local hydrological assessment. However, most climatic popular precipitation products (with spatial resolutions coarser than 10km) are too coarse for local impact studies and require “downscaling” to obtain higher resolutions. Traditional precipitation downscaling methods such as statistical and dynamic downscaling require an input of additional meteorological variables, and very few are applicable for downscaling hourly precipitation for higher spatial resolution. Based on dynamic dictionary learning, we propose a new downscaling method, PreciPatch, to address this challenge by producing spatially distributed higher resolution precipitation fields with only precipitation input from GCMs at hourly temporal resolution and a large geographical extent. Using aggregated Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) data, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of PreciPatch, in comparison with bicubic interpolation using RainFARM—a stochastic downscaling method, and DeepSD—a Super-Resolution Convolutional Neural Network (SRCNN) based downscaling method. PreciPatch demonstrates better performance than other methods for downscaling short-duration precipitation events (used historical data from 2014 to 2017 as the training set to estimate high-resolution hourly events in 2018).

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Cleves, Rachel Hope. "Vocabula Amatoria: A Glossary of French Culinary Sex Terms." American Historical Review 125, no. 4 (October 2020): 1323–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ahr/rhaa450.

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Abstract John Stephen Farmer’s Vocabula Amatoria, published in 1896, is a French-English erotic dictionary that is a gold mine of popular sexual discourse. Farmer, editor of a seven-volume dictionary of English slang, based Vocabula Amatoria on three French erotic dictionaries published between 1861 and 1869 by Auguste Scheler, Alfred Delvau, and Jules Choux. The first of the three drew on literary sources, but Delvau’s and Choux’s dictionaries incorporated vernacular that they encountered in Paris’s cafés, cabarets, theaters, and brothels. Farmer’s translations also integrated English slang from the late nineteenth century that he either had collected for his dictionaries or had learned through his work as a journalist and editor living on the margins of respectability. Many of the French sexual idioms collected in Vocabula Amatoria incorporate food metaphors—for example, likening the penis to root vegetables, or the vagina to cooking tools. The English idioms are less food focused. Farmer’s dictionary is a valuable source for understanding the differences between French and English popular attitudes toward food and sex in the late nineteenth century.

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Huang, Yifan, Weixiang Li, and Fei Yuan. "Speckle Noise Reduction in Sonar Image Based on Adaptive Redundant Dictionary." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 10 (September 29, 2020): 761. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8100761.

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As acoustic waves are affected by the channel characteristics, such as scattering and reverberation when propagating in water, sonar images often exhibit speckle noise which will cause visual quality of the image to decrease. Therefore, denoising is a crucial preprocessing technique in sonar image applications. However, speckle noise is mainly caused by the sediment echo signals which are related to the background of seafloor sediment and can be obtained by prior modeling. Although deep learning-based denoising algorithms represent a research hotspot now, they are not suitable for such applications due to the high calculation amount and the large requirement of original images considering that sonar is carried by Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) for collecting sonar images and performing calculation. In contrast, dictionary learning-based denoising method is more suitable and easier to be modeled. Compared with deep learning, it can greatly reduce the calculation amount and is more easily integrated into AUV systems. In addition, dictionary learning method based on image sparse representation can effectively achieve image denoising similarly. In order to solve the above problems, we propose a new adaptive dictionary learning method based on multi-resolution characteristics, which combines K-SVD dictionary learning with wavelet transform. Our method has the characteristics of dictionary learning and inherits the features of wavelet analysis as well. Compared with several classical methods, the proposed method is better at speckle noise reduction and edge detail preservation. At the same time, the calculation time is greatly reduced and the efficiency is significantly improved.

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KALIZHANOVA, Anna, Taissiya MARYSHKINA, Margarita ISHMURATOVA, Bayan IBRAYEVA, and Kurmangazy SEMBIYEV. "INTEGRATING THE LINGUOCULTURAL COMPONENT AND MIND-MAP METHOD TO DEVELOP A TRILINGUAL E-DICTIONARY OF BIOLOGICAL TERMS." Periódico Tchê Química 17, no. 34 (March 20, 2020): 412–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v17.n34.2020.436_p34_pgs_412_424.pdf.

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The national project Trinity of Languages announced in Kazakhstan has brought forward multilingual education throughout the country. The project requires the implementation of rigorous learning tools to master the Kazakh, Russian and English languages within trilingualism. An e-dictionary to be used in content and language integrated learning is among modern e-tools promoted in a trilingual school environment. A user-friendly biological e-dictionary will help high school learners grasp fundamental concepts in natural sciences. The article aims to describe how to analyze and systemize the lexicographic material selected for developing a trilingual e-dictionary of biological terms for Kazakhstani school learners. Determining sources of vocabulary chosen was based upon a linguocultural approach, which highlights the cultural aspect embodied in the language, and mind-mapping, which allows deconstructing complex topics graphically. Twenty-eight items were selected to cover the biology school course, which was later analyzed and systemized to consistently present generic and species features via mind-mapping. Then organic unification of the items and compositional parameters of the e-dictionary were determined. The obtained findings show that a linguocultural component is embedded in a trilingual e-dictionary of biological terms that are taken from relevant Kazakh and Russian school textbooks (grades 6–11). The selected items are classified and subject to linguocultural analysis in conceptual groups which may show phytonyms and zoonima. The items are supplied with an adequate linguocultural commentary taken from English-language reference books and websites. The conceptual groups and linguistic analysis are displayed via the mind map Coggle used for the e-dictionary frame formation. The proposed linguocultural component embedded in the edictionary is rare in other existing trilingual e-dictionaries since they focus primarily on lexicographic material and their visual representation. Overall, the trilingual e-dictionary created in mind-mapping software is an effective etool for high school learners to study biological terms with their linguocultural commentaries.

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Yang, Le, Zhao Yang Guo, Shan Shan Yong, Feng Guo, and Xin An Wang. "A Hardware Implementation of Real Time Lossless Data Compression and Decompression Circuits." Applied Mechanics and Materials 719-720 (January 2015): 554–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.719-720.554.

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This paper presents a hardware implementation of real time data compression and decompression circuits based on the LZW algorithm. LZW is a dictionary based data compression, which has the advantage of fast speed, high compression, and small resource occupation. In compression circuit, the design creatively utilizes two dictionaries alternately to improve efficiency and compressing rate. In decompression circuit, an integrated State machine control module is adopted to save hardware resource. Through hardware description and language programming, the circuits finally reach function simulation and timing simulation. The width of data sample is 12bits, and the dictionary storage capacity is 1K. The simulation results show the compression and decompression circuits have complete function. Compared to software method, hardware implementation can save more storage and compressing time. It has a high practical value in the future.

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Faaß, Gertrud, and Sonja Bosch. "An Integrated e-Dictionary Application – The case of an Open Educational Trainer for Zulu." International Journal of Lexicography 29, no. 3 (June 2, 2016): 296–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijl/ecw021.

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Song, Yanjie, and Robert Fox. "Using PDA for undergraduate student incidental vocabulary testing." ReCALL 20, no. 3 (August 21, 2008): 290–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0958344008000438.

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AbstractRecent studies have explored English vocabulary learning in environments where students used mobile technologies for prescribed vocabulary learning tasks, or tested designed personalized learning systems to enhance student vocabulary learning for short periods of time in language related courses. Dictionary use via mobile devices has mostly been used for referential purposes. Referential use refers to applications that provide student access to content such as dictionaries, e-books, etc. at places where learning activities occur, taking advantage of the portability and mobility of mobile devices. Research on free student use of mobile devices to foster incidental vocabulary learning in non-English courses remains scant, and no in-depth studies have been carried out to investigate the value of dictionary use on mobile devices for incidental vocabulary learning in higher education. This one-year multiple-case study investigated undergraduate students' dictionary and other uses of Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) to enhance their incidental vocabulary learning in an English as a Medium of Instruction (EMI) university. The research findings show: (a) the students made various uses of the PDA to improve their vocabulary learning, namely, referential, situated, constructive, reflective, explorative and conversing uses, (b) the students adopted integrated uses of the tools on the PDA and the computer for their incidental vocabulary learning, and (c) the integrated use of the PDA and the computer shaped the vocabulary learning activities and vice versa. These research results indicate that PDAs can be used in more flexible, novel and extended ways for English as a Foreign Language (EFL) vocabulary teaching and learning in higher education, taking student needs and contexts into consideration.

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Pathak, Yadunath, K. V. Arya, and Shailendra Tiwari. "Low-dose CT image reconstruction using gain intervention-based dictionary learning." Modern Physics Letters B 32, no. 14 (May 20, 2018): 1850148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984918501488.

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Computed tomography (CT) approach is extensively utilized in clinical diagnoses. However, X-ray residue in human body may introduce somatic damage such as cancer. Owing to radiation risk, research has focused on the radiation exposure distributed to patients through CT investigations. Therefore, low-dose CT has become a significant research area. Many researchers have proposed different low-dose CT reconstruction techniques. But, these techniques suffer from various issues such as over smoothing, artifacts, noise, etc. Therefore, in this paper, we have proposed a novel integrated low-dose CT reconstruction technique. The proposed technique utilizes global dictionary-based statistical iterative reconstruction (GDSIR) and adaptive dictionary-based statistical iterative reconstruction (ADSIR)-based reconstruction techniques. In case the dictionary (D) is predetermined, then GDSIR can be used and if D is adaptively defined then ADSIR is appropriate choice. The gain intervention-based filter is also used as a post-processing technique for removing the artifacts from low-dose CT reconstructed images. Experiments have been done by considering the proposed and other low-dose CT reconstruction techniques on well-known benchmark CT images. Extensive experiments have shown that the proposed technique outperforms the available approaches.

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Deshpande, Priya, Alexander Rasin, Eli T. Brown, Jacob Furst, Steven M. Montner, Samuel G. Armato III, and Daniela S. Raicu. "Augmenting Medical Decision Making With Text-Based Search of Teaching File Repositories and Medical Ontologies." International Journal of Knowledge Discovery in Bioinformatics 8, no. 2 (July 2018): 18–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijkdb.2018070102.

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Teaching files are widely used by radiologists in the diagnostic process and for student education. Most hospitals maintain an active collection of teaching files for internal purposes, but many teaching files are also publicly available online, some linked to secondary sources. However, public sources offer very limited (and ad-hoc) search capabilities. Based on the previous work on data integration and text-based search, the authors extended their Integrated Radiology Image Search (IRIS 1.1) engine with a new medical ontology, SNOMED CT, and the ICD10 dictionary. IRIS 1.1 integrates public data sources and applies query expansion with exact and partial matches to find relevant teaching files. Using a set of 28 representative queries from multiple sources, the search engine finds more relevant teaching cases versus other publicly available search engines.

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Carvalho, Paula. "Grammaires de levée d’ambiguïtés entre noms et adjectifs." Ambiguity 24, no. 1 (December 31, 2001): 127–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.24.1.07car.

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Summary Most of lexical ambiguity caused by homography can only be resolved by the syntactic analysis of the structures where the homographs appear. Thus, in order to resolve ambiguity caused by the homography between nouns and adjectives, we constructed for Portuguese formal grammars that describe noun phrase structures with adjectives. The formal properties of about 2,000 adjectives have been studied and, according to their behavior, they have been integrated in different classes and sub-classes. The syntactic and distributional properties of those adjectives were coded and associated to the corresponding entries of the Portuguese electronic dictionary DELAS. Furthermore, a library of more than one hundred local grammars for resolving ambiguity was constructed. Those grammars are represented internally by finite transducers that, in combination with the dictionary information, are applied by INTEX to the disambiguation of noun phrases. Some results of disambiguation are briefly discussed and exemplified.

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Lu, Huaguo, and Xiangqing Wei. "Towards an Integrated Collocation Dictionary Plus for Advanced EFL Learners: Greater Availability and Equal Accessibility." International Journal of Lexicography 29, no. 2 (October 19, 2015): 156–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijl/ecv030.

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Ranalli, Jim. "Designing Online Strategy Instruction for Integrated Vocabulary Depth of Knowledge and Web-based Dictionary Skills." CALICO Journal 30, no. 1 (January 31, 2013): 16–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.11139/cj.30.1.16-43.

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Diamond, Sara. "Addressing the imagination gap through STEAMM+D and indigenous knowledge." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 6 (February 4, 2019): 1851–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1808679115.

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Alex Manu describes an “imagination gap,” that is, “the gap between current capability and future possibility” [Manu A (2006)The Imagination Challenge: Strategic Foresight and Innovation in the Global Economy]. Merriam-Webster defines imagination as “the act of forming a mental image of something not present to the senses or never before wholly perceived in reality”; imagination combines “creative ability” and “resourcefulness” [Merriam-Webster (2018) Imagination.Merriam-Webster Dictionary Online. Available athttps://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/imagination]. This paper considers two interdisciplinary fields in which distinct approaches have sought a solution to the “imagination gap” and have resulted in new research questions, methods, outcomes, and even philosophies. These are science, technology, engineering, arts, math, medicine, and design (STEAMM+D) and Indigenous research that establishes questions and methods from an integrated interdisciplinary worldview and the individual’s responsibilities toward community and land. By intertwining these approaches, it is possible for science and society to apply creative problem solving in addressing complex challenges, thereby fostering sustainable innovation.

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Sosnowski, Wojciech Paweł, Violetta Koseska-Toszewa, and Anna Kisiel. "On the Dictionary of Semantic Equivalents in Polish, Bulgarian and Russian"." Cognitive Studies | Études cognitives, no. 16 (December 31, 2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/cs.2016.001.

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On the Dictionary of Semantic Equivalents in Polish, Bulgarian and RussianLeksykon odpowiedniości semantycznych w języku polskim, bułgarskim i rosyjskim [The Dictionary of Semantic Equivalents in Polish, Bulgarian and Russian] is the first Polish dictionary which compares semantic equivalents in the largest languages of each Slavic subgroup: The West Slavic group (Polish), the South Slavic group (Bulgarian) and the East Slavic group (Russian). The content of the dictionary reflects the social processes, changes and trends which have taken place over recent years. The dictionary consists of 5 volumes, with approximately 5000 entries for each language. What sets it apart from other dictionaries is that it ventures beyond the standard vocabulary one might expect from a dictionary of this sort. Leksykon also contains neologisms as well as realogisms - words which do not often have perfect equivalents in other languages because they are so deeply embedded in a nation’s culture. Each entry in the dictionary offers state-of-the-art semantic and syntactic categorisers, developed by Polish experts in Slavic semantics and aspectology.We consider the dictionary to be an innovation in lexicography, because its open structure enables more languages to be added in the future, including non-Slavic languages. Developed with the use of the most recent methodologies available, the dictionary will constitute a sound basis for lexicographic research in the future, in particular for the development of multilingual electronic dictionaries.In the 21st century, we face two great challenges: to make academic research more interdisciplinary and to build an integrated multinational European community. We hope that our dictionary will help address these challenges by promoting multilingualism and facilitating intercultural communication.The primary language of the dictionary is Polish - the largest Slavic language in the European Union.During the Polish presidency of the EU, a conference entitled Multilingual Competences for Professional and Social Success in Europe was held. It concluded with the following declaration: "Multilingualism is not only part of European heritage, but also a chance to develop a society which is open, respectful of cultural diversity and ready for cooperation". However, the chief obstacles that prevents the EU from attaining the full integration of its economies and societies are language barriers. This dictionary will help overcome these barriers by promoting Slavic languages. The target audience of the dictionary are speakers of Polish, both in Poland and all around the world: experts in Slavic languages, scholars, lexicographers, encyclopaedia writers, students, etc. O Leksykonie odpowiedniości semantycznych w języku polskim, bułgarskim i rosyjskimLeksykon jest pierwszym polskim dziełem leksykograficznym, prezentującym odpowiedniości semantyczne w trzech największych językach słowiańskich, z grupy zachodniej (polski), południowej (bułgarski) i wschodniej (rosyjski). W dobie badań interdyscyplinarnych i budowania zintegrowanej wielonarodowościowej Europy opisana publikacja wychodzi naprzeciw wyzwaniom XXI wieku, promując wielojęzyczność, umożliwiając kontakty międzynarodowe w najróżniejszych dziedzinach. Językiem opisu stał się największy słowiański język Unii Europejskiej – język polski.Publikacja jest przeznaczona dla polskiego odbiorcy i wszystkich użytkowników języka polskiego na świecie – specjalistów-slawistów, badaczy języków słowiańskich, leksykografów, encyklopedystów, studentów itp. Leksykon uwzględnia najnowsze zjawiska i dziedziny życia społecznego. Innowacyjność publikacji polega na możliwości dołączania dowolnej liczby leksykonów innych języków (nie tylko słowiańskich) (co przedstawiono w szeregu publikacji poświęconych dziełu). Ze względu na nowoczesne rozwiązania metodologiczne zastosowane w Leksykonie może on stanowić podstawę innych współczesnych prac leksykograficznych, w szczególności wielojęzycznych słowników elektronicznych. Zaletą Leksykonu jest to, że poza leksyką ogólną znalazły się w nim też neologizmy, wyrazy trudne i częstokroć nie posiadające pełnej ekwiwalencji, odzwierciedlające natomiast kulturę danego narodu (realogizmy). Leksykon opatrzony jest najnowszej generacji klasyfikatorami semantycznymi i składniowymi, będącymi wynikiem wieloletniej pracy polskich slawistów w dziedzinie aspektologii i semantyki.Wpisana do oficjalnego kalendarza polskiej prezydencji w Radzie UE konferencja. pt. Kompetencje językowe podstawą sukcesu zawodowego i społecznego w Europie zakończyła się oficjalną deklaracją, w której czytamy: "wielojęzyczność jest nie tylko dziedzictwem Europy, ale szansą na tworzenie społeczeństwa otwartego, szanującego zróżnicowanie kulturowe i gotowego na współpracę". Wciąż jednak główną przeszkodą na drodze do prawdziwie zjednoczonej europejskiej gospodarki i społeczeństwa pozostają bariery językowe. Leksykon umożliwi pokonywanie tych barier poprzez poznawanie języków słowiańskich.

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Kamejima, Kohji. "Stochastic-Computational Approach to Self-Similarity Detection in Random Image Fields." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 11, no. 2 (April 20, 1999): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1999.p0088.

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We present an integrated stochastic-computational scheme for detecting self-similarity in random image fields. By modeling imaging as a Brownian motion in a successively reduced domain, capture probability is induced on the image plane. Attractor distribution is simultaneously identified with fixed points corresponding to mapping sequences generated by imaging. The computational structure of local maxima of capture probability is extracted through invariance and observability analysis to match observed attractors with a preassigned mapping dictionary. Proposed scheme was implemented as digital algorithm and verified through simulation.

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Linnarsson, R., and O. Wigertz. "The Data Dictionary – A Controlled Vocabulary for Integrating Clinical Databases and Medical Knowledge Bases." Methods of Information in Medicine 28, no. 02 (April 1989): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1635556.

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Abstract:The medical information systems of the future will probably include the entire medical record as well as a knowledge base, providing decision support for the physician during patient care. Data dictionaries will play an important role in integrating the medical knowledge bases with the clinical databases.This article presents an infological data model of such an integrated medical information system. Medical events, medical terms, and medical facts are the basic concepts that constitute the model. To allow the transfer of information and knowledge between systems, the data dictionary should be organized with regard to several common classification schemes of medical nomenclature.

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Bijnens, Luc, Albert Ivanov, Guido Hoctin Boes, and Richard Sylvester. "P19 An integrated system for meta-analyses of individual patient data: Data dictionary and database structure." Controlled Clinical Trials 16, no. 3 (June 1995): 82S—83S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0197-2456(95)90499-u.

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Sukhov, Philipp, Vladimir Popov, and Viktor Filippov. "Traffic safety management based on integrated assessment of safety level." MATEC Web of Conferences 239 (2018): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823902003.

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The volumes of freight and passenger traffic on the railways of the Russian Federation are increasing every year. Along with the increase in the transportation work, the likelihood of occurrence of undesirable incidents in railway transport increases. The assessment of the level of comprehensive (integrated) safety is an important scientific and technical problem in the current conditions of the functioning of railway transport. The methods used to assess the level of safety do not always meet the requirements of complexity in view of comparison of various-scale violations of traffic safety (crash, accident, faulty operation). The paper proposes a mathematical method for assessing the level of integrated safety in railway transport and calculation of the safety index of train traffic. For the calculation, statistical data for a certain period are used. These data summarized in a specialized dictionary of traffic safety violations, the mathematical treatment of which provides information on the level of integrated safety in railway transport in the Russian Federation. The proposed index allows determining the effectiveness of management decisions in the field of train traffic safety, as well as assessing the effectiveness of implementing certain innovations in the field of traffic safety. It is possible to use data on integrated traffic safety to reduce insurance premiums for cargo insurance on railways.

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Gillis-Webber, Frances. "Conversion of the English-Xhosa Dictionary for Nurses to a Linguistic Linked Data Framework." Information 9, no. 11 (November 6, 2018): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info9110274.

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The English-Xhosa Dictionary for Nurses (EXDN) is a bilingual, unidirectional printed dictionary in the public domain, with English and isiXhosa as the language pair. By extending the digitisation efforts of EXDN from a human-readable digital object to a machine-readable state, using Resource Description Framework (RDF) as the data model, semantically interoperable structured data can be created, thus enabling EXDN’s data to be reused, aggregated and integrated with other language resources, where it can serve as a potential aid in the development of future language resources for isiXhosa, an under-resourced language in South Africa. The methodological guidelines for the construction of a Linguistic Linked Data framework (LLDF) for a lexicographic resource, as applied to EXDN, are described, where an LLDF can be defined as a framework: (1) which describes data in RDF, (2) using a model designed for the representation of linguistic information, (3) which adheres to Linked Data principles, and (4) which supports versioning, allowing for change. The result is a bidirectional lexicographic resource, previously bounded and static, now unbounded and evolving, with the ability to extend to multilingualism.

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Jung, Kenneth, Paea LePendu, Srinivasan Iyer, Anna Bauer-Mehren, Bethany Percha, and Nigam H. Shah. "Functional evaluation of out-of-the-box text-mining tools for data-mining tasks." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 22, no. 1 (October 21, 2014): 121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/amiajnl-2014-002902.

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Abstract Objective The trade-off between the speed and simplicity of dictionary-based term recognition and the richer linguistic information provided by more advanced natural language processing (NLP) is an area of active discussion in clinical informatics. In this paper, we quantify this trade-off among text processing systems that make different trade-offs between speed and linguistic understanding. We tested both types of systems in three clinical research tasks: phase IV safety profiling of a drug, learning adverse drug–drug interactions, and learning used-to-treat relationships between drugs and indications. Materials We first benchmarked the accuracy of the NCBO Annotator and REVEAL in a manually annotated, publically available dataset from the 2008 i2b2 Obesity Challenge. We then applied the NCBO Annotator and REVEAL to 9 million clinical notes from the Stanford Translational Research Integrated Database Environment (STRIDE) and used the resulting data for three research tasks. Results There is no significant difference between using the NCBO Annotator and REVEAL in the results of the three research tasks when using large datasets. In one subtask, REVEAL achieved higher sensitivity with smaller datasets. Conclusions For a variety of tasks, employing simple term recognition methods instead of advanced NLP methods results in little or no impact on accuracy when using large datasets. Simpler dictionary-based methods have the advantage of scaling well to very large datasets. Promoting the use of simple, dictionary-based methods for population level analyses can advance adoption of NLP in practice.

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DOWNTON, A. C., R. W. S. TREGIDGO, and E. KABIR. "RECOGNITION AND VERIFICATION OF HARDWRITTEN AND HAND-PRINTER BRITISH POSTAL ADDRESSES." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 05, no. 01n02 (June 1991): 265–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001491000168.

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An algorithmic architecture for a high-performance optical character recognition (OCR) system for hand-printed and handwritten addresses is proposed. The architecture integrates syntactic and contextual post-processing with character recognition to optimise postcode recognition performance, and verifies the postcode against simple features extracted from the remainder of the address to ensure a low error rate. An enhanced version of the characteristic loci character recognition algorithm was chosen for the system to make it tolerant of variations in writing style. Feature selection for the classifier is performed automatically using the B/W algorithm. Syntactic and contextual information for hand-printed British postcodes have been integrated into the system by combining low-level postcode syntax information with a dictionary trie structure. A full implementation of the postcode dictionary trie is described. Features which define the town name effectively, and can easily be extracted from a handwritten or hand-printed town name are used for postcode verification. A database totalling 3473 postcode/address image has used to evaluate the performance of the complete postcode recognition process. The basic character recognition rate for the full unconstrained alphanumeric character set is 63.1%, compared with an expected maximum attainable 75–80%. The addition of the syntactic and contextual knowledge stages produces an overall postcode recognition rate which is equivalent to an alphanumeric character recognition rate of 86–90%. Separate verification experiments on a subset of 820 address images show that, with the first-order features chosen, an overall correct address feature code extraction rate of around 35% is achieved.

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Gupta, Vedika, Nikita Jain, Shubham Shubham, Agam Madan, Ankit Chaudhary, and Qin Xin. "Toward Integrated CNN-based Sentiment Analysis of Tweets for Scarce-resource Language—Hindi." ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing 20, no. 5 (June 23, 2021): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3450447.

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Linguistic resources for commonly used languages such as English and Mandarin Chinese are available in abundance, hence the existing research in these languages. However, there are languages for which linguistic resources are scarcely available. One of these languages is the Hindi language. Hindi, being the fourth-most popular language, still lacks in richly populated linguistic resources, owing to the challenges involved in dealing with the Hindi language. This article first explores the machine learning-based approaches—Naïve Bayes, Support Vector Machine, Decision Tree, and Logistic Regression—to analyze the sentiment contained in Hindi language text derived from Twitter. Further, the article presents lexicon-based approaches (Hindi Senti-WordNet, NRC Emotion Lexicon) for sentiment analysis in Hindi while also proposing a Domain-specific Sentiment Dictionary. Finally, an integrated convolutional neural network (CNN)—Recurrent Neural Network and Long Short-term Memory—is proposed to analyze sentiment from Hindi language tweets, a total of 23,767 tweets classified into positive, negative, and neutral. The proposed CNN approach gives an accuracy of 85%.

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Santos, Jéssica de Castro, Cristina Arreguy-Sena, Paulo Ferreira Pinto, Elenir de Paiva Pereira, Marcelo da Silva Alves, and Fabiano Bolpato Loures. "Social representation of elderly people on falls: structural analysis and in the light of Neuman." Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem 71, suppl 2 (2018): 851–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0258.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the symbolic elements and the hierarchical system of representations of elderly people on falls, according to Abric’s structural analysis and Neuman’s theory. Method: Abric structural approach developed at the home of primary care users in a city of Minas Gerais. A free evocation technique of images triggered by images was performed in 2016 with elderly individuals (≥65 years old). Data treated by dictionary of equivalent terms; processed in Evoc 2000 software converging, analytically, according to Neuman. Ethical/legal criteria were met. Results: 195 people participated, 78.5% were women, and 45.1% were aged ≥75 years. Summarized 897 words; 155 different ones. Central nucleus containing cognates: dizziness-vertigo-labyrinthitis and slipper-shoes (behavioral and objective dimension). The word disease integrated the area of contrast. Environmental and personal stressors were identified according to Neuman. Final considerations: Objects and risk behaviors for falls integrated the representations, although environmental and personal stressors indicate the need for preventive interventions in the environment and in the intrapersonal dimension.

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Elsayed, Eman Karam. "Enhancement Electronic evaluation for Semantic Arabic Oral Exam." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 14, no. 4 (January 29, 2015): 5607–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v14i4.1961.

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From the importance of knowledge in the speech, we knew the importance of oral exam. So in this paper we integrated BOW (Bag of Word), LSA(Latin Semantic Analysis), ASR (automatic speech recognition), zero crossing rate, and Ontology based approach to automate the online oral exam especially in Arabic language with take into consideration the authentication problem. Our proposal method faced many challenges in Arabic language because there isn't semantic dictionary like WordNet in English and HowNet in Chinese. Also Arabic language has complicated synonyms. Our proposal can help improving meaningfulness. Finally, the proposed method in this paper didn't forget automation the feedback for determining learning disability

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김병문 and 주영훈. "A Study on Linguistic Terms Handling Plan in SouthᐨNorth Integrated Korean Dictionary ᐨ In case of GyeoremalKeunsajeon ᐨ." Journal of Korealex ll, no. 29 (May 2017): 7–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33641/kolex.2017..29.7.

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Journal articles on the topic 'INTEGRATED DICTIONARY'

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