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Journal articles on the topic 'Integrated Formwork'
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1
Kim, Taehoon, Hyunsu Lim, Ung-Kyun Lee, Minsoo Cha, Hunhee Cho, and Kyung-In Kang. "Advanced formwork method integrated with a layout planning model for tall building construction." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 39, no. 11 (November 2012): 1173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l2012-104.
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Recent increases in the number of irregularly shaped tall buildings have created a need for more applicable formwork methods and automated support for formwork layout planning, which has mainly depended on heuristic approaches based on the intuitive judgment of experienced engineers. This study proposes a new table formwork method integrated with a systematic layout planning approach for tall building construction. Adjustable subunits of the formwork cope with diverse building shapes and the software-based mathematical model helps practitioners make useful layouts for the method with minimal time and effort. In a case study, the proposed layout planning model offered lower costs and improved work efficiency in less time than the heuristic approach. Supported by the planning model, our advanced formwork method showed a 15.5% increase in covered area of irregularly shaped building floors and a 23.9% decrease in material costs compared with existing table formwork methods.
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Ahmad, Nursafarina, Zakiah Ahmad, Azerai Ali Rahman, Hanizah Abdul Hamid, and Mohd Azrizal Aziz Fauzi. "Increasing the Capacity of Concrete Column with Integrated Permanent Formwork Using Wood-Wool Cement Board." Applied Mechanics and Materials 325-326 (June 2013): 1305–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.325-326.1305.
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Growing construction activities requires increase in construction materials. The conventional method of constructions results in a rise in construction waste. Formwork as a main factor to generate construction waste has been the topic of investigation. The permanent formwork has been introduced with the aim to: promote the construction technology process that put quality, safety and environment issues into account, reduce the cost of workers and reduce the overall time of construction project. At present the permanent formwork available in the market are made from steel, and plastic and the cost is still high. Therefore this study is looking at the potential of commercial wood-wool cement board (WWCB) as permanent formwork. A series of concrete columns were constructed with and without integrated WWCB with different configurations of WWCB as permanent formwork. These columns were subjected to axial load and the compressive strength and failure modes were recorded. The results show that the present of permanent formwork from WWCB improves the compressive strength of the column. With the permanent formwork, the size of concrete column can be reduced and able to support the same load as column without permanent formwork. Therefore this construction method can reduce the overall cost of construction.
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Tian, Guo Liang. "Research on Application of New Concrete Silo Construction Technical System." Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (December 2014): 1577–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.1577.
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considering the development of concrete silo structure in recent years and engineering characteristics of large reinforced concrete silo, construction processes and structures of concrete silos are classified and general construction technical system is formed through innovation of construction technique and process. The general construction technical system focuses on adjustable drawbar climbing formwork system, inside drawbar-free climbing formwork system and whole lifting and towing integrated climbing formwork system, is featured with integrated construction and has multiple technical units, which could be combined flexibly to adapt to certain requirements of different projects. This method not only has flexible process, but also possesses uniform construction technique and process.
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Christian, John, and Saif U. Mir. "Use of Integrated Microcomputer Package for Formwork Design." Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 113, no. 4 (December 1987): 603–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9364(1987)113:4(603).
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Zhao, Yun Bo, Chang Ming Hu, Yi Li Yuan, and Sha Nong Wang. "FEM Analysis of Cooperative Effects of Formwork Supporting System and Concrete Floor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 651-653 (September 2014): 1158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.651-653.1158.
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This Currently, researches on formwork supporting system are mostly based on integrated stability, while the contribution of the cooperative bearing effects of the formwork supporting system and the concrete floor to the reliability of a structure is ignored. In this paper, the necessity of the existence of the formwork supporting system in the construction process of a structure’s roof boards is established by analyzing the cooperative effects of the formwork supporting system and the concrete floor of a subway transfer station under construction through double nonlinear numerical method.It is also concluded that flat paraboloid is the shape of the trend of the horizontal displacement of supporting formwork system under two-way load by using finite element analysis, and the open side of the paraboloid is opposite to the direction of the force, which is completely different to the decreasing trend from the top to the bottom of the horizontal displacement of the formwork supporting system under one-way load.
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Kim, Taehoon, Hyunsu Lim, Hunhee Cho, and Kyung-In Kang. "Automated Lifting System Integrated with Construction Hoists for Table Formwork in Tall Buildings." Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 140, no. 10 (October 2014): 04014049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0000884.
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An, Sun-Ju, and Sang-Hoon Song. "Integrated Safety Risk Assessment and Response Preparation on Construction Site Formwork Using FMECA Method." Journal of the Korea Safety Management and Science 14, no. 3 (September 30, 2012): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.12812/ksms.2012.14.3.039.
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López López, David, Ernest Bernat-Maso, Lluís Gil, and Pere Roca. "Experimental testing of a composite structural system using tile vaults as integrated formwork for reinforced concrete." Construction and Building Materials 300 (September 2021): 123974. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.123974.
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Maleki Toulabi, Hossein, Mojtaba Hosseini, and Kamran Rahim Of. "Technical Evaluation of Integrated Wall and Roof Formwork System and Its Comparison with Ordinary Concrete Building Construction Method." Civil Engineering Journal 4, no. 2 (March 6, 2018): 422. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-0309102.
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Nowadays, the development of construction industry is one of the development indices of countries. On the other hand, development of construction industry is more urgent than ever with increased population and consequently, increased desire for urbanization. Considering the inadequacy of traditional and conventional systems for mass housing production, the approach to use modern industrial methods of building along with new technology and observance of the latest technical standards is critical. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate and compare construction method of reinforced concrete cast in-situ walls and slabs with the conventional method of constructing concrete structures using MSP software. Studies show that the integrated wall and ceiling molding technique has been used since the late 1970s in the construction of high-rise residential towers. Currently, integrated wall and ceiling molding system is used as one of the methods in the construction of buildings with load-bearing wall and concrete ceiling. This method brings about improvements in quality, earthquake resistance, reduced run-time, reduced cost, quick return on investment, saving on materials consumption, reduced labor, eco-friendliness, sustainability and longer durability, reduced resource consumption, integrated structure, fire resistance, high flexibility, and employee safety.
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Wu, Ching I., Cheng Chih Liu, and Yi Yen Wu. "Assessment of Urban River Eco-Security: An Integrated Index and Forecast Modeling System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 2561–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.2561.
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It is clear that urban river eco-security model may provide an alternative choice of urban river Engineering Construction decision and correspond to the direction of sustainable city. Our goal is to provide a framework to conceptualize the impacts of various urban river eco-security development strategies over a time scale of several decades, while taking into account interactions and feedback loops between various criteria to the fullest extent allowed by available data and theory. Flooding is serious natural disaster, but there is a lack of integrated strategy on urban river ecosystem management in Taiwan. This study aims to construct a integrated index formwork by function and goal of eco-security of urban river. The other purposes of this research are apply the System Dynamics to understand the trend on forecast modeling. Formulate a system dynamics model to simulate the trend of Tamsui River Eco-Security. This research , construction of five subsystems, “discharge security” ,” purification security”, “water security”, “habitat security” and “biosecurity”. The error value between simulation and real situation are few to prove the model is effective .The study results indicate that the eco-security for Danshui River is going to biomass raising, drainage raising, habitat increasing and pollution reducing. The cogitation has integrated by system dynamic model which coming together to form precaution, water use, conservation and ecological restoration to keep the sustainability of urban nature resources by the research.
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Sharafi, P., S. Nemati, B. Samali, and M. Ghodrat. "Development of an Innovative Modular Foam-Filled Panelized System for Rapidly Assembled Postdisaster Housing." Buildings 8, no. 8 (July 30, 2018): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings8080097.
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In this paper, the development process of a deployable modular sandwich panelized system for rapid-assembly building construction is presented, and its structural performance under some different action effects is investigated. This system, which includes an innovative sandwich panel and its integrated connections, can be used as structural walls and floors in quickly-assembled postdisaster housing, as well as load-bearing panels for prefabricated modular construction and semipermanent buildings. Panels and connections are composed of a pneumatic fabric formwork, and two 3D high-density polyethylene (HDPE) sheets as the skins, filled with high-density rigid polyurethane (PU) foam as the core. HDPE sheets manufactured with a studded surface considerably enhance stress distribution, buckling performance, and delamination strength of the sandwich panel under various loading conditions. The load-carrying behavior of the system in accordance with some American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards is presented here. The results show the system satisfies the codes’ criteria regarding semipermanent housing.
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López López, David, Pere Roca, Andrew Liew, Tom Van Mele, and Philippe Block. "Tile vaults as integrated formwork for reinforced concrete: Construction, experimental testing and a method for the design and analysis of two-dimensional structures." Engineering Structures 188 (June 2019): 233–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.03.034.
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Gelbrich, Sandra, Carolin Petzoldt, Ralf Gliniorz, Andreas Ehrlich, and Lothar Kroll. "Interactive sandwich facade made of renewable resources." MATEC Web of Conferences 174 (2018): 01026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817401026.
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This paper reports about the development and implementation of a free forming facade system, consisting of biobased sandwich elements. The build-up of the sandwich contains face sheets from natural fibre reinforced polymer (NFRP), using biobased epoxy resin and flax fibres, and a stuck cardboard core structure. Furthermore a formwork system was designed enabling biobased sandwich elements to be produced with special needs according to efficiency and architectural design. As a result, the biobased and sustainable sandwich elements exhibit low system weight, high sound reduction and sufficient load capacity for the use of facade elements. Additionally LED-stripes were integrated for illuminating the facade elements. Because of the regular pattern of the stuck cardboard core and the translucent face sheet laminates the facade works like a screen on which each created pixel can be controlled in rgb-colours. Therefore an area of 10 m x 5 m biobased sandwich facade with 25 elements is planned as a reference object in Chemnitz, forming a facade with 100 x 48 pixels. In summary the illuminated biobased sandwich elements produced with an efficient technology of production and with the use of renewable resources can replace extensively 3D-formed customary facade systems.
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Szelka, Janusz, and Zbigniew Kamyk. "The application of composites (FRP) in military bridges." Budownictwo i Architektura 12, no. 2 (June 11, 2013): 063–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.2074.
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The needs of expeditionary forces involve the use of light-weight, short-span bridges so that their transport by air would be possible. A project which is currently developed in USA aims at the elaboration of a Composite Army Bridge (CAB) assault bridge and a Modular Composite Bridge – MCB logistic bridge. In 2004 CAB successfully underwent fatigue tests. A 14 m-long, all-composite treadway bridge span was loaded by using an MLC 100 vehicle and it withstood 20 000 load cycles. The MCB will be constructed by7 m of box modules and a 6.5 m access ramp. A 26 m-long and 4 m-wide bridge span is to provide the traffic ability of MLC 65. Furthermore, works on a 10 m-long, MLC 30 composite bridge are also developed in Canada too. The paper also presents the American concept of employing a deployable bridge system by utilising a composite structure. In order to formwork and reinforce the plate, fibre reinforced polyester composites (FRP) were used. The girder construction is made of aluminium pipes forming diamond truss with curved bottom chord. After they are integrated in the structure, the top chord nodes are connected through deck plate cast in-situ. The tests indicated that there exists the possibility of using polymer composites in military bridge construction and mobile structures of composite bridges.
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Yu, Hongli, Wenliang Long, Jia Qing, and Yuangu Xiong. "Spatial Three-dimensional Technology of Special-shaped Pier Based on BIM." Smart Construction Research 1 (August 20, 2017): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18063/scr.v1.306.
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The development of society pushes people to pay increasing attention to the appearance of bridges apart from their quality and safety. It turns to be an inevitable trend of the emergence of bridges with novel forms and unique shapes, which could not only meet traffic demand, but also effectively integrate with their surrounding environment to form a beautiful landscape. However, complicated structure and unique shape make it difficult of the bridge construction. As the basic part of construction, pier model affects the construction of pier formwork and pier reinforcement. Currently, BIM has been widely used in the construction industry in China. Nevertheless, there has not been any cases of the formwork design nor reinforcement processing of spatial three- dimensional special-shaped pier. And it is the first time for the construction of spatial three-dimensional special-shaped bridge. So it is of great significance of the analysis on spatial three-dimensional technology of special-shaped pier based on BIM to promote the development of construction industry.
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Yu, Hongli, Wenliang Long, Jia Qing, and Yuangu Xiong. "Spatial Three-dimensional Technology of Special-shaped Pier Based on BIM." Smart Construction Research 1, no. 1 (August 20, 2017): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18063/scr.v1i1.306.
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The development of society pushes people to pay increasing attention to the appearance of bridges apart from their quality and safety. It turns to be an inevitable trend of the emergence of bridges with novel forms and unique shapes, which could not only meet traffic demand, but also effectively integrate with their surrounding environment to form a beautiful landscape. However, complicated structure and unique shape make it difficult of the bridge construction. As the basic part of construction, pier model affects the construction of pier formwork and pier reinforcement. Currently, BIM has been widely used in the construction industry in China. Nevertheless, there has not been any cases of the formwork design nor reinforcement processing of spatial three- dimensional special-shaped pier. And it is the first time for the construction of spatial three-dimensional special-shaped bridge. So it is of great significance of the analysis on spatial three-dimensional technology of special-shaped pier based on BIM to promote the development of construction industry.
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Wang, Daopeng, Jifei Fan, Hanliang Fu, and Bing Zhang. "Research on Optimization of Big Data Construction Engineering Quality Management Based on RNN-LSTM." Complexity 2018 (July 5, 2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9691868.
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Construction industry is the largest data industry, but with the lowest degree of datamation. With the development and maturity of BIM information integration technology, this backward situation will be completely changed. Different business data from a construction phase and operation and a maintenance phase will be collected to add value to the data. As the BIM information integration technology matures, different business data from the design phase to the construction phase are integrated. Because BIM integrates massive, repeated, and unordered feature text data, we first use integrated BIM data as a basis to perform data cleansing and text segmentation on text big data, making the integrated data a “clean and orderly” valuable data. Then, with the aid of word cloud visualization and cluster analysis, the associations between data structures are tapped, and the integrated unstructured data is converted into structured data. Finally, the RNN-LSTM network was used to predict the quality problems of steel bars, formworks, concrete, cast-in-place structures, and masonry in the construction project and to pinpoint the occurrence of quality problems in the implementation of the project. Through the example verification, the algorithm proposed in this paper can effectively reduce the incidence of construction project quality problems, and it has a promotion. And it is of great practical significance to improving quality management of construction projects and provides new ideas and methods for future research on the construction project quality problem.
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Pertile, Valentina, Alberto Stella, Lorenzo De Stefani, and Roberto Scotta. "Seismic and Energy Integrated Retrofitting of Existing Buildings with an Innovative ICF-Based System: Design Principles and Case Studies." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 20, 2021): 9363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169363.
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This work proposes an innovative integrated retrofitting system aiming to improve both the seismic and energy performance of existing reinforced concrete and masonry buildings. The system is based on engineered insulating concrete form panels, installed on the outside of existing buildings as a shell exoskeleton. A key major advantage of the proposed system is that it addresses the contemporary improvement of seismic and energy performances of existing buildings in a single installation stage, operating exclusively from outside of the building. The insulating formworks are ad hoc prefabricated in a factory on the base of the specific geometry of the existing buildings so as to greatly maximize the ratio between overall retrofitting benefits and costs and at the same time to simplify the installation procedures. The objectives of the presented research are, on one hand, to highlight the major structural issues that the system aims to address, and on the other hand to illustrate the main characteristics and combined benefits of the proposed retrofitting system. From a structural point of view, the proposed system is conceived to behave as a non-dissipative structure with regard to seismic actions, and the lateral strength and stiffness of the structural elements are designed accordingly. An analytical design approach is proposed and validated using the available data from an experimental test performed on a full-scale simple building. Moreover, numerical modeling strategies for the proposed system are illustrated for two complex case study buildings. The results of the analyses show a considerable increase in lateral stiffness of the retrofitted buildings that, considering the non-dissipative behavior of the elements, leads to a relevant reduction of seismic deformation demand on existing structural elements.
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Kang, Julian H., and Jasdeep Gandhi. "READABILITY TEST OF RFID TEMPERATURE SENSOR EMBEDDED IN FRESH CONCRETE." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 16, no. 3 (September 30, 2010): 412–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2010.47.
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Concrete maturity technology is used to predict the strength of concrete being cured and make an informed decision for stripping the formworks. However, the current concrete maturity method uses temperature sensors that require an extensive wiring, which is not often acceptable on construction site due to harsh working environment. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology provides a solution for the wiring issue because of its ability of sending data wirelessly. An RFID tag integrated with a temperature sensor and placed within fresh concrete may be able to read temperatures of concrete and transmit them to an RFID reader wirelessly in real‐time. It may then enable construction professionals to use concrete maturity technology to make an informed decision for stripping the formworks without having to worry about wiring issues on construction site. However, the previous research indicated that the RFID signal gets dispersed in liquid medium. One may speculate then how well RFID signals can travel through fresh concrete with high water content. Would water content of fresh concrete affect the readability of RFID tags? Would the tag's burying depth within fresh concrete affect its readability? This paper presents the results of our investigation on the readability of RFID tags placed in fresh concrete in the early stage of the curing process. Santrauka Betono stiprejimo technologija taikoma apdorojamo betono stiprumui prognozuoti priimant sprendima, kada galima nuimti klojinius. Vadovaujantis betono stiprejimo kontroles metodu, naudojami temperatūros jutikliai, prijungiami laidais, kuriuos ne visada patogu naudoti sunkiomis statybos aikšteles salygomis. Laidu galima atsisakyti taikant radijo dažnio nustatymo (RDN) technologija, nes ji leidžia siusti duomenis be laidu. RND siustuvas, pritvirtintas prie temperatūros jutiklio ir idetas i šviežia betona, gali matuoti betono temperatūra ir perduoti jos reikšmes i RND imtuva be jokiu laidu. Remiantis tokia informacija galima spresti, kada nuimti klojinius nesukeliant rūpesčiu su jutikliu laidais. Tačiau ankstesni tyrimai parode, kad skystoje aplinkoje RDN signalas išsklaidomas. Galima tik speti, kaip šis signalas sklis šviežio betono aplinkoje. Ar tokiame betone esantis vanduo leis skaityti RND siustuvu informacija? Ar siustuvo gylis šviežiame betone komplikuos jo informacijos skaitymo galimybe? Šiame straipsnyje aprašomi RND siustuvu informacijos tyrimo rezultatai, gauti idejus siustuvus ankstyvuoju šviežio betono stiprejimo laikotarpiu.
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Lakshmikandhan, K. N., P. Sivakumar, R. Ravichandran, and S. Arul Jayachandran. "Investigations on Efficiently Interfaced Steel Concrete Composite Deck Slabs." Journal of Structures 2013 (August 4, 2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/628759.
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The strength of the composite deck slab depends mainly on the longitudinal shear transfer mechanism at the interface between steel and concrete. The bond strength developed by the cement paste is weak and causes premature failure of composite deck slab. This deficiency is effectively overcame by a shear transferring mechanism in the form of mechanical interlock through indentations, embossments, or fastening studs. Development of embossment patterns requires an advanced technology which makes the deck profile expensive. Fastening studs by welding weakens the joint strength and also escalates the cost. The present investigation is attempted to arrive at a better, simple interface mechanism. Three types of mechanical connector schemes are identified and investigated experimentally. All of the three shear connector schemes exhibited full shear interaction with negligible slip. The strength and stiffness of the composite slabs with shear connectors are superior about one and half time compared to these of the conventional reinforced concrete slabs and about twice compared to these of composite slabs without mechanical shear connectors. The scheme2 and scheme3 shear connector mechanisms integrate deck webs and improve strength and stiffness of the deck, which can effectively reduce the cost of formworks and supports efficiently.
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Duque Estrada, Rebeca, Fabian Kannenberg, Hans Jakob Wagner, Maria Yablonina, and Achim Menges. "Spatial winding: cooperative heterogeneous multi-robot system for fibrous structures." Construction Robotics 4, no. 3-4 (September 21, 2020): 205–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41693-020-00036-7.
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AbstractThis research presents a cooperative heterogeneous multi-robot fabrication system for the spatial winding of filament materials. The system is based on the cooperation of a six-axis robotic arm and a customized 2 + 2 axis CNC gantry system. Heterogeneous multi-robot cooperation allows to deploy the strategy of Spatial Winding: a new method of sequential spatial fiber arrangement, based on directly interlocking filament-filament connections, achieved through wrapping one filament around another. This strategy allows to create lightweight non-regular fibrous space frame structures. The new material system was explored through physical models and digital simulations prior to deployment with the proposed robotic fabrication process. An adaptable frame setup was developed which allows the fabrication of a variety of geometries within the same frame. By introducing a multi-step curing process that integrates with the adaptable frame, the iterative production of continuous large-scale spatial frame structures is possible. This makes the structure’s scale agnostic of robotic reach and reduces the necessary formwork to the bare minimum. Through leveraging the capacities of two cooperating machines, the system allows to counteract some of their limitations. A flexible, dynamic and collaborative fabrication system is presented as a strategy to tailor the fiber in space and expand the design possibilities of lightweight fiber structures. The artifact of the proposed fabrication process is a direct expression of the material tectonics and the robotic fabrication system.
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Feng, Kailun, Weizhuo Lu, Thomas Olofsson, Shiwei Chen, Hui Yan, and Yaowu Wang. "A Predictive Environmental Assessment Method for Construction Operations: Application to a Northeast China Case Study." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (October 24, 2018): 3868. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10113868.
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Construction accounts for a considerable number of environmental impacts, especially in countries with rapid urbanization. A predictive environmental assessment method enables a comparison of alternatives in construction operations to mitigate these environmental impacts. Process-based life cycle assessment (pLCA), which is the most widely applied environmental assessment method, requires lots of detailed process information to evaluate. However, a construction project usually operates in uncertain and dynamic project environments, and capturing such process information represents a critical challenge for pLCA. Discrete event simulation (DES) provides an opportunity to include uncertainty and capture the dynamic environments of construction operations. This study proposes a predictive assessment method that integrates DES and pLCA (DES-pLCA) to evaluate the environmental impact of on-site construction operations and supply chains. The DES feeds pLCA with process information that considers the uncertain and dynamic environments of construction, while pLCA guides the comprehensive procedure of environmental assessment. A DES-pLCA prototype was developed and implemented in a case study of an 18-storey building in Northeast China. The results showed that the biggest impact variations on the global warming potential (GWP), acidification potential (AP), eutrophication (EP), photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP), abiotic depletion potential (ADP), and human toxicity potential (HTP) were 5.1%, 4.1%, 4.1%, 4.7%, 0.3%, and 5.9%, respectively, due to uncertain and dynamic factors. Based on the proposed method, an average impact reduction can be achieved for these six indictors of 2.5%, 21.7%, 8.2%, 4.8%, 32.5%, and 0.9%, respectively. The method also revealed that the material wastage rate of formwork installation was the most crucial managing factor that influences global warming performance. The method can support contractors in the development and management of environmentally friendly construction operations that consider the effects of uncertainty and dynamics.
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Seshadri, Bharath, Kaushik Selva Dhanush Ravi, Illias Hischier, and Arno Schlueter. "Investigating mechanical and thermo-physical properties of binder jet 3D printed elements using a statistical experiment approach." Rapid Prototyping Journal ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (August 16, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-11-2020-0284.
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Purpose With a growing list of available materials and processes, the inherent mechanical and thermophysical properties of three-dimensional (3D) prints are important design targets. This paper aims to study the functionality of binder jet 3D printed objects for thermally activated building construction elements and recyclable formwork for concrete structures. Design/methodology/approach Binder jet printed sand samples with various material and post-processing parameters (infiltration and baking) are prepared and studied. Using a statistical experiment design, the mechanical (flexural and compressive strength) and thermal (conductivity and specific capacity) characteristics are quantified. Findings Relative to the unprocessed “green” print samples, post-processing improved the flexural and compressive strength of the samples by factors of 6.9 and 21.6, respectively; the thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity were improved by factors of 7.7 and 1.2, respectively. For the investigated temperature range (20°C–200°C), the “green” prints showed excellent stability while the stability of post-processed samples depended on the infiltrate used. Microscopic images of the microstructures offered evidence to support improvement in the mechanical and thermo-physical characteristics of the 3D printed sand elements. Research limitations/implications The literature review concluded that optimal printing parameters and infiltration under vacuum could further improve the mechanical and thermo-physical properties of the binder jet printed elements. However, both these factors were not explored in this research. The statistical experimental design approach provided more flexibility to choose the number of experiments for a fixed amount of time and resources. However, for future work, a more extensive number of experiments and reproducibility testing for each combination of binder-infiltrate is recommended. Practical implications 3D printing has been identified as a promising opportunity to reduce material usage and improve construction efficiency in the field of architecture and building engineering. The emerging fabrication technologies are further expected to significantly reduce the operational energy of buildings through performance integration, i.e. multi-functional building elements with integrated heat- and mass-transfer capabilities to replace conventional systems. Originality/value This study has quantified the impact of infiltration on the mechanical and thermo-physical characteristics of sand-printed elements and, as such, reports reproducible functional performance maps for sand-print applications. The research demonstrates a way to achieve the desired functional characteristics of 3D prints through combinations of material selection and process/post-processing parameters.
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Shepelevich, M., and A. Puzan. "STUDYING CRACK RESISTANCE OF REINFORCED-CONCRETE − FIBRE-GLASS COMPOSITE PRESSURE PIPES FOR MICROTUNNELING." Problemy sovremennogo betona i zhelezobetona, no. 11 (December 23, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.35579/2076-6033-2019-11-06.
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The results are given for experimental studies of crack resistance of reinforced-concrete - fibre-glass composite pressure pipes when affected by three-way load and internal hydrostatic pressure. Pipes are designed for construction of pressure pipelines, using the trenchless laying (microtunneling) method. BelNIIS Institute Republican Unitary Enterprise (RUE) has developed the design solutions and engineering drawings of pipes in accordance with the order placed by Steklokompozit Industrial Company, Russia. Pipes are made as integrated ones, and they consist of an external thick-wall reinforced-concrete pipe (the cage) enveloping an insert pipe made of fibre-glass composite. Full-scale specimens of pipes with the inner diameter of 800 mm and the (effective) length of 3000 mm were used for studies. The total thickness of pipe wall was 138 mm, with the fibre-glass composite insert thickness 10 mm. Pipes were made in vertical position, with the vibroforming method used for this purpose. During the concrete mixture laying procedure, the fibre-glass composite insert pipe joined with the fibre-glass composite sleeve was used as a permanent formwork. The experimental studies were carried out in two steps: I pipes (2 specimens) were tested by the internal hydrostatic pressure II pipes (2 specimens), including a hydraulically-tested specimen, were tested by the three-way load (according to GOST 6482). During the tests, formation and opening of cracks in longitudinal cross-sections of pipe wall was registered. It was found that strength characteristics of integrated reinforced-concrete composite pipes provide their load-carrying capacity against both the internal hydraulic pressure and the external (three-way) load applied. Thus, when reference loads in terms of crack resistance were applied, there were no cracks in longitudinal cross-sections of pipes when reference loads in terms of strength were applied, the crack opening width never exceeded 0.05 mm. Also, both with the internal pressure and the three-way load applied, the crack opening widths in longitudinal cross-sections of a reinforced-concrete cage were significantly (1.52.5 times) less than the corresponding values resulting from pipe design calculations carried out in accordance with procedures being in force.Приведены результаты экспериментальных исследований трещиностойкости железобетонно-стеклокомпозитных напорных труб при действии трехлинейной нагрузки и внутреннего гидростатического давления. Трубы предназначены для строительства напорных трубопроводов методом бестраншейной прокладки (методом микротоннелирования). Конструктивные решения и рабочие чертежи труб разработаны РУП Институт БелНИИС по заказу ПО Стеклокомпозит (Россия). Трубы выполнены комплексными и состоят из внешней толстостенной железобетонной трубы (обоймы), охватывающей стеклокомпозитную трубу-вкладыш. Исследования произведены с использованием натурных образцов труб внутренним диаметром 800 мм и длиной ( полезной ) 3000 мм. Суммарная толщина стенки трубы составляла 138 мм при толщине стеклокомпозитного вкладыша 10 мм. Трубы изготовлены в вертикальном положении методом виброформования. При укладке бетонной смеси стеклокомпозитная труба-вкладыш, состыкованная со стеклокомпозитной муфтой, использовалась как несъемная опалубка. Экспериментальные исследования выполнены в два этапа: I трубы (2 образца) испытаны внутренним гидравлическим давлением II трубы (2 образца), в т. ч. образец, прошедший гидравлические испытания, испытаны трехлинейной нагрузкой (по ГОСТ 6482). В процессе испытаний фиксировали образование и раскрытие трещин в продольных сечениях стенки трубы. Установлено, что прочностные характеристики комплексных железобетонно-композитных напорных труб обеспечивают их несущую способность как при внутреннем гидравлическом давлении, так и под действием внешней (трехлинейной) нагрузки. Так, при контрольных нагрузках по трещиностойкости трещины в продольных сечениях труб отсутствовали, а при контрольных нагрузках по прочности ширина раскрытия трещин не превышала 0,05 мм. При этом как при действии внутреннего давления, так и при трехлинейной нагрузке ширина раскрытия трещин в продольных сечениях железобетонной обоймы существенно (в 1,52,5 раза) меньше, чем соответствующие значения, полученные в результате расчета труб по действующим методикам.
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Yan Wang, Fei Zhang,. "Key Construction Monitoring Technology for Long-Span Continuous Girder Bridge." CONVERTER, July 10, 2021, 220–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/converter.172.
Full textAbstract:
This paper integrates a monitoring practice for the construction of a long-span continuous girder bridge to explore strain measurement and geometric shape control technology. In doing so, the actual stress of the bridge in the cantilever-construction stage is identified, and the influence of ambient temperature on the geometric shape control of the main girder is eliminated. According to linear creep theory, a strain correction method based on the superposition principle is proposed to remove the strain induced by concrete shrinkage and creep. By identifying the pattern of the solar thermal effect on the main girder geometry, a double in-situ measurement interpolation method is proposed to predict the adjusted value of formwork erection elevation. The results show that the deviation between the measured and corrected stress values on the root section of the main girder under the maximum cantilever state of the main girder is 16%–23%, which verifies the necessity of strain correction. The corrected values of measured stress on each controlled section are essentially identical to the calculated values, and both have consistent change patterns throughout the construction process, which verifies the validity of the strain correction method. During the cantilever-construction stage, the vertical deformation of the main girder owing to the solar thermal effect is parabolic and significant; hence, the main girder geometry should be measured prior to sunrise. The double in-situ measurement interpolation method can effectively eliminate the adverse effects of solar thermal when lofting the vertical formwork elevation in a non-ideal period.
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Tannert, Thomas. "Prefabricated Timber Concrete Composite Floors." Modular and Offsite Construction (MOC) Summit Proceedings, September 29, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/mocs4.
Full textAbstract:
Timber-concrete-composite (TCC) floors are an example of hybrid systems that integrate different materials to achieve superior performance than the individual materials can provide. The structural and non-structural benefits of TCC floors over generic timber floors include increased capacity and stiffness, hallower depth, improved sound protection, and superior fire performance. Rapid erection due to the use of the timber as formwork, more economical gravity systems and foundations due to lighter weight, lower embodied energy, and reduced carbon footprint are advantages when comparing TCC systems to concrete slabs. This paper gives an overview of recent developments including research carried out on three novel solutions: 1) the äóìSwiss-Wood-Concrete-Flooräó�; 2) adhesively bonded TCC; and 3) äóìFT connectorsäó� that are embedded in precast concrete. All three solutions are well suited for modular and off-site construction and show the potential of using wood products beyond current limitations.