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Sampson, G. "Modelling of integrated waste management systems." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341082.
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Daskalopoulos, Epaminondas I. "Developing an integrated approach to municipal solid waste management." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387632.
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Choi, Fei. "System dynamics study and assessment on municipal solid waste management for Macao." Thesis, University of Macau, 2012. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2586273.
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Nguyen, Xuan Hoang. "Integrated municipal solid waste management approach in adaptation to climate change in Mekong Delta." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-99273.
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A fast increase of municipal solid waste (MSW) has become the most concerning environmental problem in Vietnam, especially in the Mekong Delta region, that is considered one of the most vulnerable deltas to climate change in the world. There are 12 provinces and one central city in MD that occupy about 12% of the whole area of the nation with 5% of MSW generated. However, there is no currently effective management system in place for treatment and management of MSW in the MD. Landfill is the sole treatment option for MSW right now. With a low-level plain, MD is facing the most serious environmental problem in the near future with an effect of climate change and sea level rising. The landfill should not be considered for long-term use in this area. Suitable treatment options for MSW should be applied together with other solutions for reuse, recycling and reduction of MSW as well as pollution prevention issue. An integrated MSW management approach in adaptation to climate change is considered necessarySự tăng nhanh chất thải rắn đã trở thành vấn đề vấn đề môi trường được quan tâm nhất ở Việt Nam, đặc biệt là ở khu Đồng bằng Sông Cửu Long một trong những đồng bằng dễ bị tổn thương bởi sự biến đổi khí hậu nhất trên thế giới. Đồng bằng Sông Cửu Long có 12 tỉnh và một thành phố trực thuộc trung ương, chiếm 12% diện tích của cả nước với khoảng 5% lượng chất thải rắn phát sinh. Tuy nhiên, hiện nay chưa có một hệ thống quản lý hiệu quả cho chất thải rắn ở khu vực. Bãi rác là lựa chọn xử lý duy nhất ở thời điểm này. Với cao độ thấp, Đồng bằng Sông Cửu Long đang đối mặt với ảnh hưởng nghiêm trọng của các vấn đề môi trường trong tương lai gần bởi ảnh hưởng của sự biến đổi khí hậu và nước biển dâng. Về lâu dài bãi rác không nên sử dụng ở khu vực này. Các lựa chọn xử lý thích hợp cho chất thải rắn cần được áp dụng cùng với các giải pháp khác như tái sử dụng, tái chế và giảm thiểu chất thải rắn cũng như các giải pháp ngăn ngừa ô nhiễm. Cách tiếp cận quản lý tổng hợp chất thải rắn nhằm ứng phó sự biến đổi khí hậu cần được xem xét
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鄭彩如 and Choi-yu Cheng. "Municipal solid waste management and recycling: a comparison of Hong Kong and Beijing." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B26721028.
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Spamer, Ernus. "An investigation into sustainable solid waste management alternatives for the Drakenstein Municipal Area." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/944.
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Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this research report is to investigate sustainable alternative solid waste management methods for the Drakenstein Municipal Area in particular and South African municipalities in general. The point of departure is that landfilling alone is not sustainable and that alternative and/or complementary methods are required. Current solid waste management policies and practices in various countries all over the world are investigated in order to understand the global context of municipal solid waste management. The development of solid waste management in both developed and developing countries is considered in order to appreciate the different approaches and legal frameworks underpinning each approach. Several solid waste treatment methods, both established and advanced, are considered before the development of solid waste management in South Africa since 1992 is reviewed. An important aspect of evaluating alternatives is the identification of relevant stakeholders, key drivers for success and the constraints. An important conclusion reached in the research is that the lack of funding and the inherent inability of most municipalities in South Africa to render even basic municipal services currently make the introduction of advanced solid waste treatment methods non-sustainable. It is therefore suggested that the newly developed legal framework underpinning solid waste management in South Africa, be implemented in such a manner that all stakeholders are involved in the implementation of the basic principles of the waste hierarchy. The author believes that the introduction of technologically advanced waste treatment and disposal options will be premature if the basics of the waste hierarchy are not practiced by all.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die fokus van hierdie navorsingsverslag is ‘n ondersoek na volhoubare, alternatiewe vaste afvalbestuursmetodes vir Suid-Afrikaanse munisipaliteite in die breë en die Drakenstein Munisipaliteit in die besonder. Die basiese uitganspunt is dat vaste afvalstorting alleen nie volhoubaar is nie en dat alternatiewe/komplementêre metodes nodig word. Die vaste afvalbestuursbeleid en –praktyke wat tans wêreldwyd gevolg word, word ondersoek met die doel om die globale konteks daarvan beter te verstaan. Die ontwikkeling van vaste afvalbestuur in beide ontwikkelde en ontwikkelende lande word nagevors sodat die verskillende benaderings en wetlike raamwerke wat dit onderskryf, bestudeer kan word. Verskeie vaste afvalbestuursmetodes – beide gevestig en gevorderd – word bespreek waarna die ontwikkeling van vaste afvalbestuur in Suid-Afrika sedert 1992 onder die loep kom. ‘n Belangrike aspek van toepassing op die evaluering van alternatiewe, is die identfikasie van alle rolspelers, kritiese suksesfaktore en beperkinge. ‘n Belangrike bevinding wat gemaak word, is dat die gebrek aan voldoende fondse sowel as die inherente onvermoë van meeste Suid-Afrikaanse munisipaliteite om selfs basiese munisipale dienste te kan lewer, die implementering van gevorderde vaste afvalbestuursmetodes tans onvolhoubaar maak. In die verslag word dus aanbeveel dat die nuut-ontwikkelde wetlike raamwerk wat vaste afvalbestuur in Suid-Afrika reguleer, so geïmplementeer moet word dat alle rolspelers betrek word om die afval-hiërargie se basiese beginsels prakties toe te pas. Die outeur is van mening dat die implementering van nuwe, tegnologiesgevorderde vaste afvalbsetuursmetodes sal faal indien dit geïmplementeer sou word voordat die afval hiërargie voldoende toegepas word.
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Ferraz, Jose Lazaro. "Modelo para avaliação da gestão municipal integrada de residuos solidos urbanos." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/264834.
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Orientador: Waldir Antonio BizzoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T09:03:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ferraz_JoseLazaro_D.pdf: 4654631 bytes, checksum: 6f3dae66a712e68bf5d420c0e04fc031 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008
Resumo: O presente trabalho tem por objetivo o desenvolvimento de um modelo de gestão integrada dos resíduos sólidos urbanos com ênfase na sustentabilidade e uma metodologia para avaliação de sistemas municipais de gestão dos resíduos. Uma pesquisa de campo foi realizada em municípios selecionados para testar a robustez do modelo e validar a metodologia proposta. A área de abrangência da pesquisa envolveu os vinte municípios que compõem a bacia hidrográfica do rio Sorocaba - UGRHI - 10. Para mensurar o nível de gestão dos resíduos praticado pelos municípios foi proposto o IGR - Índice de Gestão de Resíduos. Este índice estabelece parâmetros que possibilitam a comparação entre os níveis de gestão praticados nas localidades pesquisadas. A aplicação do modelo permite diagnosticar a situação dos resíduos urbanos nos municípios em relação à geração, coleta, tratamento e destinação final dos resíduos municipais, bem como, o nível estratégico e tecnológico de suas gestões. Pretende-se com este trabalho gerar uma base de dados e informações que possam contribuir na formulação de políticas públicas, estratégias e ações voltadas para a melhoria e otimização dos sistemas avaliados. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a metodologia desenvolvida mostrou-se adequada para a avaliação proposta. A aplicação do modelo e da metodologia pode favorecer o desenvolvimento e aperfeiçoamento da situação dos resíduos e contribuir para a minimização dos impactos ambientais e sociais criados pela geração e destinação final inadequada dos resíduos sólidos urbanos municipais.
Abstract: The present work aims at the development of an integrated solid urban waste management model highlighting the sustainability and the development of a methodology for evaluation of municipal waste management system. A field work was conducted in the cities selected for testing and validating the proposed methodology. The research range included the 20 cities that form the basin of the Sorocaba River - UGRHI - 10. The IGR - Waste Management Rating was proposed to measure the waste management level conducted by the cities. This rating establishes patterns that allow the comparison between the waste management levels conducted in the researched locations. The application of the model allows to diagnose the condition of the urban waste in the cities regarding its generation, its collecting, its treatment and its final destination of the city waste, as well as the strategy and technology level of their management. This work intends to generate data and information base that can contribute to the creation of public policies, strategies and actions directed to improvement and optimization of the evaluated systems. The obtained results showed that the methodology developed was appropriate to the proposed evaluation. The application of the model and methodology can promote the development and improvement of the waste condition and contribute to the minimization of the environmental impacts caused by the inadequate generation and final destination of the solid urban waste.
Doutorado
Termica e Fluidos
Doutor em Engenharia Mecânica
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Lima, Rosimeire Midori Suzuki Rosa. "Sistema de avaliação da gestão integrada de resíduos da construção civil na esfera municipal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6134/tde-20022014-114459/.
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Os Resíduos da Construção Civil (RCC) representam uma importante questão ambiental a ser considerada na gestão urbana dos Municípios. Os grandes volumes gerados e a sua destinação têm ocasionado diversos impactos ambientais ao meio urbano, com evidentes efeitos à saúde da população. Esta situação impõe aos gestores públicos a adoção de soluções mais eficazes para a gestão desses resíduos, sendo imprescindível o planejamento estratégico e integrado e a avaliação das ações implementadas. O objetivo desta tese é a proposição de um sistema de avaliação da gestão municipal dos RCC, de acordo com a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos, Resolução CONAMA 307/2002 e demais resoluções pertinentes ao tema. A pesquisa exploratória foi desenvolvida em três etapas: i) revisão bibliográfica; ii) elaboração do sistema, considerando três eixos essenciais: universalidade dos serviços; proteção à saúde ambiental; e preservação dos recursos naturais, tendo como base a ferramenta FPEEEA (método de construção de indicadores) e iii) avaliação da gestão dos RCC de um município brasileiro utilizando o sistema proposto para verificar a sua aplicabilidade e identificação de fragilidades e potencialidades da gestão. Como resultado, é apresentado o Sistema de Avaliação da Gestão Integrada dos RCC denominado SAGI-RCC para apoiar a gestão no âmbito municipal. Este sistema propõe ações para a gestão integrada e os respectivos indicadores para monitorá-las, de forma que se constitui em uma ferramenta para ser inserida em processo de melhoria contínua da gestão municipal desses resíduos. Este sistema visa induzir os gestores municipais à reflexão a respeito da gestão de RCC e o SAGI-RCC permite avaliar o atendimento da gestão dos RCC às dimensões da sustentabilidade no âmbito municipal. Além disso, pode ser aplicado a distintas realidades, pois os valores para a avaliação são adaptáveis às condições locais. Quando aplicado a um município de médio porte (cerca de 500.000 habitantes), constatou-se que o conjunto de indicadores que compõe o SAGI-RCC é relevante, pois abrange as diferentes dimensões de sustentabilidade da gestão integrada, estabelecidas pela Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos, além de identificar fragilidades e potencialidades da gestão de RCC deste município.Construction and demolition waste (CDW) is an important environmental issue to be considered in Municipal Urban Management. The large volume generated and its disposal have caused several environmental impacts to the urban environment, with obvious effects on population health. This requires public managers to adopt more effective solutions to manage these wastes such as the implementation of integrated strategic planning and evaluation of actions which are extremely necessary. The aim of this work is to propose an evaluation system for municipal construction waste management, according to the premises of the National Policy for Solid Waste; Resolution 307 issued by the National Environmental Council (CONAMA) and other theme related resolutions. Exploratory research was carried out in three steps: i) literature review; ii) development of the system, considering three main pillars: scope of the service, environmental health protection and preservation of natural resources, based on the FPEEEA tool (methods for building environmental health indicators) and iii) assessment of CDW management in a Brazilian city using the proposed system to verify its applicability and identify its management strengths and weaknesses. As a result, the Evaluation System of Integrated CDW Management - called SAGI-CDW is presented to give support to management at a municipal level. This system proposes action towards integrated management and the respective indicators to monitorate, so that it becomes a tool to be inserted in CDW Municipal Management Continuous Improvement Processes. This system aims at inducing city managers to reflect on CDW management, and SAGI-CDW can assess the CDW management action strategies in terms of extension of sustainability at a municipal level. Moreover, it can be applied to different situations, because the parameters for evaluation are adapted to local conditions. When applied to a medium size city (approximately 500.000 inhabitants), it was found that the set of indicators that make up the SAGI-CDW is relevant as it covers the different dimensions of sustainability for integrated management established by the National Policy for Solid Waste, and also identifies weaknesses and strengths of this municipalitys CDW management.
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Yudoko, Gatot. "Exploring the potential of integrated municipal solid waste planning and management in developing countries, a case study in the municipality of Bandung, Indonesia with a focus on households." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ51241.pdf.
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Uz, Zaman Atiq. "Technical Development of Waste Sector in Sweden: Survey and LifeCycle Environmental Assessment of Emerging Technologies." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-46334.
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Waste can be considered as an urban burden or as a valuable resource depending on how it ismanaged. Different waste treatment technologies are available at present to manage municipal solidwaste (MSW). Various actors are involved to develop waste treatment technology for certain area.The aim of this study is to analyze the driving forces in technical development in waste sector inSweden. The study is also done to identify emerging waste management technology in Sweden.Moreover, a comparative study of existing and emerging technologies is done by Life CycleAssessment (LCA) model. An extensive literature review and pilot questionnaire survey among thewaste management professionals’ is done for the study. LCA model is developed by SimaProsoftware CML2 baseline method is used for identifying environmental burden from the wastetechnologies.Dry composting, Pyrolysis-Gasification (P-G), Plasma-Arc are identified as potential emergingtechnologies for waste management system in Sweden. Technical developments of thesetechnologies are influenced by indigenous people’s behavior, waste characteristics, regulations, healthor environmental impact and global climate change. Comparative LCA model of P-G andIncineration shows that, P-G is a favorable waste treatment technology than Incineration for MSW,especially in acidification, global warming and aquatic eco-toxicity impact categories.
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Tomacheski, Daiane. "Estudo de técnicas sustentáveis para a gestão dos resíduos sólidos no município de Imbé, Rio Grande do Sul." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/101214.
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A problemática sobre gestão dos resíduos sólidos no Brasil é amplamente divulgada, discutida e as consequências vistas por todos nas ruas não só das grandes cidades, mas também nos pequenos municípios. Os lixões sempre foram reconhecidos como forma inadequada de disposição final em todos os aspectos, pois possui efeito visual desagradável, traz riscos a saúde pública por facilitar a proliferação de vetores de doenças e atrair a população mais desfavorecida em busca de restos de alimentos e produtos de uso comum que posam ser útil, como roupas e utensílios domésticos; além do risco ambiental de contaminação do solo e das águas. Em discussão desde 1991, a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS), sancionada através da Lei 12.305 de 10 de Agosto de 2010, finalmente traz ferramentas legais que obrigam os municípios a instalar a coleta seletiva para envio de materiais para a reciclagem. A ferramenta mais importante da PNRS é a obrigatoriedade da elaboração de Planos Municipais de Gestão Integrada de Resíduos Sólidos (PMGIRS), que os munícipios devem apresentar para conseguir recursos da União visando implantar projetos relacionados ao tema. Este trabalho visa apresentar o embasamento teórico para a elaboração do PMGIRS do município de Imbé, uma cidade litorânea do Rio Grande do Sul. Para verificar questões técnico-operacionais foram visitadas Centrais de Triagem de quatro municípios: Três Coroas, Campo Bom, Novo Hamburgo e Dois Irmãos, visando avaliar as melhores formas de organização interna, sistemas de coleta e triagem. As melhores formas de tratamento, destinação e disposição foram avaliadas sob o embasamento da engenharia de materiais, através da pesquisa teórica em artigos que tratam sobre tema com auxílio da Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida, uma importante ferramenta que auxilia a mensurar os impactos ambientais relacionados ao ciclo de vida de um produto, desde a extração de matéria prima até a disposição final. Apesar de parecer simples, a implementação da coleta seletiva em um município se torna complexa quando analisada sob o enfoque do desenvolvimento sustentável, que preza pelo social, econômico e ambiental. Para atender as premissas do desenvolvimento sustentável, o PMGIRS de Imbé prioriza a inclusão de catadores na coleta seletiva, triagem e venda de materiais, recuperando o máximo possível de materiais para a reciclagem, dentro das possibilidades atuais do município, a compostagem da matéria orgânica deve iniciar em pequena escala com gradual expansão. O mínimo possível deve ser enviado para aterro sanitário, evitando a formação de chorume e a liberação de gases de efeitos estufa na atmosfera. Apesar de ser uma possibilidade considerada na PNRS, a reciclagem energética, mesmo que para rejeitos, deve ser profundamente estudada, já que os custos de instalação e manutenção são altos e exige alto controle para evitar a emissão de poluentes provenientes do processo de queima.The problem of solid waste management in Brazil is widely disseminated, discussed and the consequences seen by all, not only in the big cities but also in small towns. The dumps have always been recognized as an inadequate form of final disposition in all aspects, as it has unpleasant visual effect and brings risks to public health by facilitating the proliferation of disease vectors and attracting the most disadvantaged people that look for scraps of food and useful products, like cloths and household items, besides the risk of environmental contamination of soil and water. Under discussion since 1991, the National Solid Waste Policy (NSWP), enacted by Law 12,305 of August 10, 2010, finally brings legal tools that require municipalities install the selective collect of materials to send to the recycling. The greatest tool of NSWP is the mandatory preparation of Municipal Integrated Solid Waste Plans (MISWP), that municipalities shall submit to get federal funds for projects related to the theme. This work presents the theoretical background behind the PMGIRS development of the municipality of Imbé, a coastal city of Rio Grande do Sul. To verify technical and operational issues of Sorting Centers four cities were visited: Três Coroas, Campo Bom, Novo Hamburgo and Dois Irmãos. It was evaluated the best form of internal organization, collection and sorting systems. The best forms of treatment, allocation and disposition were evaluated in the basement of materials engineering, through theoretical research articles that deal with the theme with the help of the Life Cycle Analysis, an important tool that helps to measure the environmental impacts related to life cycle of a product from cradle to grave. Although it seems simple, the implementation of selective collection in a municipality becomes complex when analyzed from the standpoint of sustainable development that values the social, economic and environment. To meet the assumptions of sustainable development, MISWP of Imbé prioritizes the inclusion of waste pickers in the selective collection, sorting and selling materials, recovering as much as possible material for mechanical recycling, within the current possibilities of the municipality, the composting of organic matter should start on a small scale with gradual expansion . As little as possible should be sent to landfill, avoiding the formation of slurry and the release of greenhouse effect gases in the atmosphere. Despite being considered a possibility in NSWP, energy recycling, even for tailings, should be thoroughly studied, since the cost of installation and maintenance is high and it requires high control to prevent the emission of pollutants from the burning process.
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Franceschi, Flávio Roberto Araújo de. "A proposição de indicadores de desempenho para planos municipais de gestão integrada de resíduos sólidos e a aplicação na Bacia Hidrográfica Tietê-Jacaré (UGRHI-13)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-27102017-102615/.
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Os Planos Municipais de Gestão Integrada de Resíduos Sólidos PMGIRS são um dos instrumentos da Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (Lei n° 12.305/2010) e se apresentam como instrumento de planejamento dos municípios para a gestão dos resíduos sólidos, tendo assim grande importância na tomada de decisão do poder municipal. Nesse contexto, o estabelecimento de indicadores de desempenho operacional e ambiental é obrigatório em PMGIRS, e esta ferramenta auxilia no constante acompanhamento de diversos processos inerentes à gestão resíduos sólidos nos municípios. Este trabalho objetivou a proposição e avaliação da aplicação de um grupo de indicadores de desempenho que podem ser estabelecidos e utilizados em Planos Municipais de Gestão Integrada de Resíduos Sólidos e utiliza como unidade de estudo a Unidade de Gerenciamento de Recursos Hídricos (UGRHI-13). O grupo de indicadores proposto foi obtido a partir de revisão bibliográfica, elaboração de pré-lista de indicadores, consulta e análise de especialistas, e por fim a elaboração da lista final do grupo de indicadores. Em paralelo foi realizada a obtenção e análise dos Planos Municipais de Gestão Integrada de Resíduos Sólidos da UGRHI-13. Os resultados mostraram que a presença de indicadores em Planos Municipais, não é totalmente obedecida, os PMGIRS contemplam uma gama heterogênea de indicadores, na maioria das vezes não contemplando todos os grupos de resíduos classificados quanto à sua origem. O grupo de indicadores de desempenho proposto contempla 40 indicadores relacionados a todos os grupos de resíduos classificados quanto à origem. Os indicadores com melhor aderência, estão relacionados com a taxa de geração/coleta de resíduos domiciliares, resíduos da construção civil e resíduos de serviços de saúde, com base nos dados do PMGIRS analisados. Ao comparar os indicadores mais citados nos PMGIRS e o grupo de indicadores proposto no presente trabalho, cinco dos sete indicadores estão contemplados no grupo proposto, o que sugere que o grupo de indicadores está em consonância, em alguns aspectos, com os principais indicadores contidos nos PMGIRS já elaborados, e assim contempla aspectos importantes da gestão municipal. A utilização de um grupo de indicadores que contemple todos os resíduos tenta suprir a demanda de criar um conjunto de indicadores para PMGIRS para facilitar a elaboração de diagnósticos de Planos Municipais de Gestão Integrada de Resíduos Sólidos e para serem propostos em PMGIRS para o levantamento de dados ao longo do tempo na gestão municipal de resíduos sólidos. Além disso, pode proporcionar a criação de uma série histórica de dados, a possibilidade de comparação entre gestões de diferentes municípios, a identificação de pontos de melhoria do sistema e a economia de recursos a médio/longo prazo. A utilização de ferramentas como os indicadores de desempenho, pode ter um caráter fundamental para o planejamento e para a gestão municipal, e pode contribuir para a efetiva implantação da Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos de modo a alcançar o objetivo da proteção da saúde pública e da qualidade ambiental e a gestão integrada de resíduos sólidos.The Integrated Waste Management City Plan (IWMCP) are one of the instruments of the National Waste Policy (NWP), Law n. 12.305/2010, regulated by Decret n. 7.404/2010 and presented as a planning tool for the municipalities and thus have great importance in the decision making of municipal power. The operational and environmental performance indicators establishment is mandatory in IWMCP, and this tool assists in the constant monitoring of several processes inherent in solid waste management in municipalities. The objective of this research was the proposing and evaluating the application of a performance indicators group that can be established and used in Integrated Waste Management City Plan and uses the 13th Hydric Resources Management Unit (HRMU) as a unit of study. The proposed group of indicators was obtained from a bibliographical review, preparation of an indicators pre-list, consultation and analysis of experts, and finally the preparation of the performance indicators final list. Another step was the collection and analysis of the Integrated Waste Management City Plan of UGRHI-13. Results show the presence of indicators in City Plans is not fully complied with, the IWMCP contemplate a heterogeneous range of indicators, most of the time not considering all the waste groups classified according to their origin. The group of performance indicators proposed includes 40 indicators related to all waste groups defined for origin. The indicators with better adherence are related to the rate of household waste collection, construction waste and solid waste from healthcare services, based on IWMCP data analyzed. When comparing the most cited performance indicators in the IWMCP and the group of indicators proposed in the present study, five of the seven indicators are included in the proposed group, which suggests that the group of indicators is in line with the main indicators contained in the IWMCP and it has important aspects of municipal management. The use of a minimum set of indicators that contemplate all the residues suggests a demand to create a set of indicators for IWMCP to facilitate the elaboration of diagnoses of Integrated Waste Management City Plans and for the purposes in IWMCP for the collection of data over time in municipal solid waste management. In addition to it can provide a creation of a historical data series, a reference point between management of different municipalities, an identification of points of improvement of the system and a resources saving in the medium/long term. The use of tools such as performance indicators can be fundamental for municipal planning and management and can contribute to the effective implementation of the National Waste Policy in order to achieve the objective of protecting public health and environmental quality and integrated solid waste management.
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Gripp, William Gomes. "Gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos municipais e os sistemas complexos: a busca da sustentabilidade e a proposta de cobrança da coleta em Santo André-SP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18139/tde-24052016-085932/.
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O gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos municipais não vem contemplando adequadamente a multidimensionalidade da realidade urbana num mundo globalizado e pouco tem auxiliado na necessária transformação dos padrões de consumo nas comunidades locais. Face a incerteza inerente dos sistemas sociais, a complexidade vem sendo, progressivamente, reconhecida como a expressão paradigmática dessa realidade. Neste trabalho, desenvolve-se o conceito de sistema de resíduos sólidos sob a perspectiva de um sistema complexo, assim como caracteriza-se a dinâmica das suas interações. A partir dessa concepção teórica, discute-se a busca da sustentabilidade por meio do gerenciamento de resíduos e as formas de complexificar a sua metodologia de atuação, na qual a cobrança da coleta de resíduos domiciliares é identificada como um importante instrumento neste processo. Propõe-se um modelo de cobrança desses serviços cuja viabilidade é verificada na simulação feita para o município de Santo André-SP. Levanta-se, ainda, dados sobre as formas de cobrança existentes em diversos municípios e a situação dos serviços de limpeza urbana no Brasil. Conclui-se que o gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos deve ser executado no âmbito de uma política pública local para o setor e que o modelo de cobrança proposto tem maior aplicabilidade em cidades de médio a grande porte.Municipal solid waste management does not give appropriate consideration to the urban multidimensional reality in a globalized world and it has not promoted the necessary change of consumer standards in the local community. Due to the inherent uncertainty of the social systems, the complexity has been progressively recognized as a paradigmatic expression of this reality. In this study the concept of solid waste system is explained in the perspective of a complex system and how to characterize the dynamics of its interactions. From this theoretical standing the search for sustainability through solid waste management and the way to improve the complexity of its methodology is discussed wherein the household waste collection tax is identified as an important tool. A model for a waste collection tax is proposed the feasibility of which is validated by a simulation applied in Santo Andre city. Data on waste collection tax was acquired from several municipal districts and they represent the situation of the urban cleaning services in Brazil. Conclusions state that solid waste management should be carried out in the context of local public policies for this sector and that the proposed model for waste collection tax presents high feasibility for medium and large cities.
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Maeda, Elcio Eiti. "Diagnóstico da gestão de resíduos sólidos nos municípios do Estado de São Paulo, a partir dos Planos Municipais de Gestão Integrada." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-07102014-083357/.
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Cada vez mais se buscam soluções para as questões ambientais. Com os resíduos sólidos não é diferente. A Lei Federal nº 12.305 de 02 de agosto de 2010 regulamentada pelo Decreto Federal nº 7.404 de 23 de dezembro de 2010 estabelece preceitos e ferramentas que visam a gestão integrada dos resíduos sólidos. O Plano Municipal de Gestão Integrada de Resíduos Sólidos (PMGIRS) é uma dessas ferramentas, primeiramente com o diagnóstico da situação atual dos municípios na gestão de resíduos e posteriormente buscando metas e soluções para atender o que foi estabelecido nas referidas legislações. Os municípios tinham, pela referida Lei, até o dia 02 de agosto de 2012 para terem elaborado seus respectivos PMGIRS. O presente trabalho visa diagnosticar a situação atual da gestão dos resíduos sólidos dos municípios do Estado de São Paulo, a partir dos PMGIRS elaborados. Como o Estado de São Paulo possui muitos municípios (645), verificou-se a necessidade de realização de amostragem, definindo 244 municípios como universo de estudo. A metodologia empregada foi elaboração e envio de um ofício às Prefeituras Municipais dos municípios amostrados, solicitando informações sobre a situação atual da elaboração do Plano Municipal de Gestão Integrada de Resíduos Sólidos. Ao mesmo tempo os sites oficiais (prefeitura e câmara municipal) dos municípios amostrados foram consultados visando obter informações e acesso ao Plano Municipal de Gestão Integrada de Resíduos Sólidos elaborado. 99 municípios responderam ao ofício e somando-se os dados obtidos nos sites oficiais concluiu-se que 32 municípios apresentaram os Planos Municipais de Gestão Integrada de Resíduos Sólidos oficialmente aprovados pela municipalidade. Destes, 23 estavam disponíveis para análise e assim foram analisados. Dentre as constatações dos planos analisados podem-se citar: os resíduos de construção civil são os gerados em maior quantidade nos municípios, no entanto, de maneira geral, ainda são alvo de despejo clandestino e carecem de gestão que possibilite atender os preceitos da Lei 12.305/10. Com relação aos pneus, muitas Prefeituras possuem convênio com a entidade Reciclanip para promover o transporte e destinação adequada. Os PMGIRS analisados possibilitaram um diagnóstico da situação atual da gestão dos resíduos sólidos gerados nos municípios, bem como estabelecimento de metas concretas, com base no diagnóstico obtido.Each more solutions have been seeking to environmental issues. With the solid waste is no different. Federal Law No. 12,305 of August 2, 2010 regulated by Federal Decree No. 7,404 of December 23, 2010 establishes principles and tools for the integrated management of solid waste. The Municipal Plan of Integrated Solid Waste Management (MPISWM) is one such tool, first with the diagnosis of the current situation of the municipalities in the management of waste and later seeking goals and solutions to meet what was established in the said legislation. The municipalities had, by law, until August 2, 2012 for having prepared their respective MPISWM. The present work aims to diagnose the current situation of the municipal solid waste management in the State of São Paulo, from MPISWM. As the State of São Paulo has many municipalities (645), the need for sampling by setting 244 municipalities as the universe of study. The methodology employed was preparing and sending a letter to the municipal administrations of the municipalities sampled, requesting information on the current situation of the Municipal plan of Integrated Solid Waste Management. At the same time the official sites (City Hall and Town Hall) of the cities sampled were consulted for information and access to the Municipal Plan of Integrated Solid Waste Management. 99 municipalities responded to the letter and adding to the data obtained in official sites was found that 32 municipalities have Municipal Plans of Integrated Solid Waste Management officially approved by the municipality. Of these, 23 were available for analysis and so were analyzed. One of the findings of the analyzed plans can include: construction waste are produced in greater quantity in the municipalities, however, in general, are still the target of illegal evictions and lack of management that makes it possible to meet the precepts of Law 12,305/10. With respect to tires, many Prefectures have an agreement with the Reciclanip entity to promote transportation and proper disposal. The MPISWM analyzed allowed a diagnosis of the current situation of solid waste management in municipalities, as well as establishing concrete targets, based on the diagnosis obtained.
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Scupino, Flavia. "Avaliação de programas de educação ambiental voltados para gestão de resíduos sólidos em escolas municipais de Pinhais/PR." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2015. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1190.
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CAPESO objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar programas de Educação Ambiental voltados para gestão de resíduos sólidos em escolas municipais de Pinhais/PR. Os programas tratam da Campanha “Acabe com o Desperdício” e do Projeto “Escola 100% Reciclável”, que até o presente momento não foram submetidos a qualquer tipo de avaliação para identificação do alcance de suas metas. O levantamento de campo e o estudo de caso delinearam a pesquisa exploratória. O levantamento de campo foi desenvolvido junto aos funcionários (informantes qualificados) das Secretarias de Educação, de Meio Ambiente e de Urbanismo do Município de Pinhais, diretamente envolvidas na gestão destes programas. O estudo de caso foi desenvolvido nas Escolas Municipais Aroldo de Freitas e 31 de Março, junto aos docentes e alunos do 4o e 5o ano do ensino fundamental. O método quali-quantitativo foi utilizado para aplicação de questionários Survey nas Secretarias e nas escolas do estudo de caso, para avaliar e investigar o conhecimento dos sujeitos da pesquisa a respeito dos programas citados. As respostas dos questionários foram agrupadas em categorias e assim puderam ser traduzidas em dados percentuais. A Gravimetria, realizada pela técnica do quarteamento foi utilizada para identificar quali-quantitativamente os resíduos sólidos produzidos nas escolas do estudo de caso. Os resultados obtidos pelos questionários aplicados junto aos informantes qualificados demonstraram o conhecimento insatisfatório sobre os programas. Os resultados da gravimetria comprovaram que os resíduos orgânicos, recicláveis e rejeitos foram encontrados completamente misturados. Os resultados dos questionários aplicados junto aos docentes e alunos do 4o e 5o ano apontaram que as ações do Projeto “Escola 100% Reciclável” apresentaram melhores resultados em relação à Campanha “Acabe com o Desperdício”, bem como, que os alunos da Escola Aroldo de Freitas assimilaram mais satisfatoriamente os conteúdos dos programas em relação aos alunos da Escola 31 de Março. A metodologia utilizada nesta pesquisa poderá ser utilizada como instrumento de avaliação do Projeto “Escola 100% Reciclável” pela Prefeitura de Pinhais, quando da realização nas demais 20 escolas do Município.
The main goal of this study is to evaluate environmental education programs for managing solid waste in municipal schools in Pinhais / PR. The programs are related to the campaign "Stop the Waste" and to the project "100% Recyclable School", which, until this moment, have not undergone any type of evaluation to assess the extent of its goals. The field survey and the case study outlined the exploratory research. The field survey was developed with employees (qualified informants) of the Education Departments of the Environment and the municipal Urbanism of Pinhais, directly involved in the management of these programs. The case study was developed in Municipal Schools, Aroldo de Freitas and 31 de Março, together with the teachers and students of 4th and 5th grades of Elementary School. The qualitative and quantitative method was used for applying survey questionnaires in the secretariats and in the case study schools, in order to evaluate and investigate the knowledge of the subjects regarding these programs. The survey responses were grouped into categories and thus could be translated into percentage data. The solid waste segregation conducted by quartering technique was used to identify qualitative and quantitative solid waste produced in the case study schools. The results obtained by questionnaires applied together with qualified informants demonstrated little knowledge of the programs. The results of the solid waste segregation proved that recyclable and organic waste were found completely mixed. The results of the questionnaires with teachers and students in the 4th and 5th grades showed that the actions of the project "100% Recyclable School" showed better results than the campaign "Stop the Waste", as well as students of the School Aroldo de Freitas assimilated more satisfactorily the content of programs than the students of the School 31 de Março. The methodology used in this study can be used as an evaluation tool for the project "100% Recyclable School", by Pinhais city hall, when applying in the other 20 local schools.
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Pinho, Paulo Mauricio Oliveira. "Avaliação dos planos municipais de gestão integrada de resíduos solidos urbanos na Amazônia brasileira." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/90/90131/tde-02012012-132128/.
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Na presente pesquisa é realizada a avaliação dos planos de gestão integrada de resíduos sólidos urbanos (PGIRSU) em cidades amazônicas. Foram alvos das reflexões todas as dezoito experiência elaboradas e implantadas na região. Além de revisão bibliográfica, foram realizadas visitas de campo e entrevistas aos secretários responsáveis pelo serviço nos 18 lugares, onde aferiu-se que os resultados foram aquém do definido nos PGIRSU. Ao longo deste trabalho, pode-se perceber os motivos do insucesso da empreita: os conceitos e as estratégias que embasaram os planos não eram adequados a realidade dos municípios e a ausência de outros instrumentos de gestão de resíduos sólidos urbanos nos 3 níveis de Governo inviabiliza a gestão integrada. O trabalho é finalizado com a avaliação dos 18 PGIRSU, segundo o método de avaliação de Planos de GIRSU proposto nesta tese. Um novo conceito de PGIRSU foi formulado. Por fim, concluiu-se que a Amazônia imprescinde de formas específicas de intervenção decorrente de suas características físicas e de seu histórico de ocupação.In the present study is performed to assess the plans for the integrated management of municipal solid waste (PGIRSU) in Amazonian cities. Reflections were targets of all eighteen experience designed and implemented in the region. In addition to literature review were conducted field visits and interviews with the secretaries responsible for the service in the 18 places where that has measured the results were below the set in PGIRSU. Throughout this paper, one can see the reasons for the failure of the enterprise: the concepts and strategies that have underpinned the plans were not adequate to the reality of the municipalities and the absence of other management tools of municipal solid waste in three levels of government undermines the integrated management. The job ends with an assessment of 18 PGIRSU, according to the method of evaluation of plans Girsu proposed in this thesis. A new concept of PGIRSU was formulated. Finally, it was concluded that Amazon lacks specific forms of interference, physical characteristics and its history of occupation.
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Bernard, Steven J. (Steven John). "New approaches to municipal solid waste management." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14307.
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Ewoko, Mathew Ngale. "Municipal Solid Waste Management, Limbe Municipality Cameroon." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för ekoteknik och hållbart byggande, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-19660.
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The overview of this paper is about municipal solid waste management in Cameroon and suggested methods for improvement. Garbage bins for sorting has been mentioned in this paper as one of the major infrastructure needed in all the areas, particularly in the low standards areas. The installation of garbage bins for source separation, building of transfer stations next to paved roads have been mentioned as one of the primary solution for both the waste vehicles and households. This will increase the waste collection system and will reduce illegal dumping of waste. Population, urbanisation and industrial growth has also been mentioned in this paper as one of the main causes of increase waste generation that has lead to illegal dumping of waste in unwanted areas. Low level of education, inadequate financial standings or resources, poor enforcement of waste management regulations and governance has often led to major waste management problems in Cameroon. This paper also presents a vital analysis of the distance between garbage bins and households as well as possible solutions. The method used in this paper is both primary and secondary data’s which has been explained below. The three filter theory and the waste hierarchy model have as well been used. The case study of Limbe municipality has been used to bring out waste management related problems and recommended possible solutions for improvement. Key words: Environment, municipal solid waste management, Limbe municipality, Cameroon, awareness.Pass
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Kawatoko, Ivie Emi Sakuma. "Ferramentas de gestão integrada de resíduos sólidos urbanos para os planos municipais de saneamento básico, aplicadas ao estudo de caso de Campinas-SP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-26052015-110236/.
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As Leis nº 11.445/2007 e 12.305/2010, além de representarem um marco no avanço das políticas ambientais no Brasil - ao promoverem os princípios de universalização e integralidade na prestação de serviços de saneamento - têm ganhado notoriedade entre os gestores públicos por vetarem acesso aos recursos federais, caso não sejam apresentados os respectivos Planos Municipais de Saneamento Básico (PMSB) e de Gestão Integrada de Resíduos Sólidos (PGIRS). Nesse sentido, a presente pesquisa testa a hipótese de como a proposição de ferramentas de gestão integrada de resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU) pode beneficiar o PMSB aplicadas no estudo de caso de Campinas-SP, através do estabelecimento de metodologias para o cálculo de cenários e indicadores. A partir do Diagnóstico de RSU, foram adotadas diferentes metodologias extrapolativas e prospectivas (MA, 2005) na simulação de cenários de geração e gerenciamento de RSU, bem como na concepção de um Índice de Gestão e Gerenciamento de Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos (IGRSU), o qual além de avaliar a prestação desse serviço, também promoverá a análise de efetividade no cumprimento de metas. Assim, as metodologias propostas foram aplicadas no estudo de caso de Campinas-SP, com a inclusão de Objetivos, Metas, Programas e Ações, de modo a propiciar uma análise da efetividade das Ferramentas de Gestão Integrada de Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos em estudo. Como resultados, pode-se inferir que a simulação dos cenários prospectivos (Global Orchestration, Order from Strength, Adapting Mosaic e TechnoGarden) possibilitou correlacionar a influência do PIB sobre a geração dos RSU e permitiu aos gestores públicos, traçar diferentes rotas de gerenciamento, mediante a adoção de práticas proativas ou reativas. Já o Índice de Gestão e Gerenciamento de Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos (IGRSU) avaliou a efetividade na prestação de serviços, através da melhoria em seus valores de 5,39 para 8,28, com a implantação dos Programas propostos, os quais delimitam ações sobre a educação ambiental, comunicação social, otimização da coleta seletiva, compostagem dos resíduos de limpeza urbana, tratamento conjunto de lixiviados e esgoto sanitário e, por fim, o controle da poluição difusa originária de resíduos sólidos urbanos.The Federal Laws nº 11.445/2007 and 12.305/2010 represent an advance on environmental policies in Brazil since they promote the principles of universality and integrality of sanitation services provision. Besides, they have been highlighted by stakeholders due to forbid access to financial resources, whether the Municipal Sanitation Plan and the Solid Waste Management Plan were not approved. Therefore, present work tests the hypothesis of how the urban solid waste management tools proposed can influence the Municipal Sanitation Plans applied on a case study of Campinas - São Paulo State, through the establishment of alternative methodologies to scenarios and indicators calculations. From the diagnosis of urban solid wastes, were adopted different extrapolative and prospective methodologies (MEA, 2005) on scenarios simulations of solid waste management and on the Indicator of Urban Solid Waste Management (IUSWM), which analyzed the services provision and can promote a effectiveness analysis of target achievement. Thus, the proposed methodologies were applied on a case study of Campinas-SP, together with the inclusion of Goals, Programs and Actions, which can provide an Effectiveness Analyses of Urban Solid Waste Management Tools. As a result, we can infer that the simulation of future scenarios (Global Orchestration, Order from Strength, Adapting Mosaic and TechnoGarden) enables to correlate the influence of GNI rates on Urban Solid Wastes generation, and it propitiates to public managers map different management routes, by adopting proactive or reactive practices. The Indicator of Urban Solid Waste Management (IGRSU) enabled the effectiveness analysis in service provision through improvement in their values of 5.39 to 8.28, with the deployment of \"Programs and Actions\" proposed, which specify actions about environmental education, social communication, urban cleaning composting, selective collection optimization, combined treatment of sewage and lixiviates, as well as difuse pollution control originated by solid wastes.
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Guzmán, Adriana T. (Adriana Teresa) 1971. "Urban municipal solid waste management in Costa Rica." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/46146.
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Wong, Wai-ling, and 黃慧玲. "A sustainable municipal solid waste management for Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31254792.
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Al-Hasawi, Hamad. "Investigation of municipal solid waste management in GCC states." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3459.
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This thesis investigated the municipal solid waste management in GCC states. An investigation of the GCC municipal solid waste legislation's was conducted and compared and some comments and proposed changes were pointed. The main issue of municipal solid waste management in GCC states is the absence of regional co-operation on government level. Therefore recycling and composting that could have a major role in the enhancement of the environment in the GCC states were examined and several actions that could be taken by the GCC government were proposed. The government's role in helping to increase the participation of the public in waste management activities was discussed. A regional recycling scheme was investigated and proposed including some financial aspects. Composting facilities in GCC states were investigated and especially composting as an alternative in Kuwait. Some recommendations on composting were presented. Investigation of construction and demolition waste recycling opportunity in Kuwait was examined.
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Karousakis, K. "The economics and policy of municipal solid waste management." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444764/.
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This thesis contributes to the environmental economics and policy of sustainable municipal solid waste management. Significant market and government failures are present that lead to inefficiently high levels of waste generation and distort the optimal allocation of waste to the various disposal options available. The aims of the thesis are to identify and analyse the socio-economic, policy, spatial, as well as attitudinal determinants of municipal solid waste generation, disposal and recycling, at the international macro-economic level and at the household level. The former is conducted using cross-sectional time-series data from the 30 member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) over the period 1980 to 2000, whereas the latter is undertaken using original survey data collected from 188 households in London, UK. Three distinct methods have been adopted to undertake this investigation namely panel data econometrics, spatial econometrics techniques, and the stated preference choice experiment method. Conforming with previous studies, the results from the panel data econometrics indicate that waste generation is income inelastic. However, higher income levels are associated with smaller proportions of municipal solid waste disposed of at landfills and greater proportions of paper/cardboard and glass recycling. The role of urbanisation, population density and waste management policies are also examined. Moreover, spatial interaction is present in waste management and policy-making suggesting that governments may be acting strategically in their decision-making processes. Finally, the results from the choice experiment indicate that households are willing to pay for the number of 'dry' materials collected, and the collection of compost, while textile collection and the frequency of kerbside collection is less important. These insights into municipal solid waste management can assist policy-makers in designing and implementing efficient and cost-effective policies in developed countries, helping to promote sustainable municipal solid waste management.
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Wong, Wai-ling. "A sustainable municipal solid waste management for Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22264358.
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Raglin, Kala N. "A model for sustainable solid waste management through an analysis of Chicago, Illinois solid waste management systems." Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/16238.
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Master of Regional and Community PlanningDepartment of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning
Sheri Smith
America’s landfill space is quickly depleting as the population continues to experience rapid growth; as the population grows the amount of daily waste generated increases at an alarming as well. In fact, by the year 2024, America would have exhausted all land areas dedicated to landfills. Currently, nationwide mandated regulations or standards to decrease the amount generated solid waste, construction waste, composting waste, or reducing waste at the source; do not exists. The following report researches effective practices that would make a waste management system sustainable. In order to rate the sustainability of the management system, a score sheet was created drawing from literature written. By creating a score sheet, individual waste management systems are able to determine if they are indeed sustainable and/or in need of improvement. The City of Chicago, Illinois, was chosen as the city to be measured and has proven to have a promising future as a prototype in effective sustainable waste management practices.
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Nguyen, Xuan Hoang, and Hoang Viet Le. "Solid waste management in Mekong Delta." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-88553.
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Municipal solid waste (MSW) in Vietnam has been increasing quickly and became one of the most considered environmental problems in Mekong Delta (MD) region covering 13 provinces and municipalities in the south of Vietnam. With a considerably large amount of MSW, the region produces about 5% of the total amount of MSW of the country. The collection rate of solid waste is about quite high (65 - 72%) in the cities and rather low (about 40 - 55%) in the rural areas, with a high content in organic matter (about 60 - 85%). The climate of MD can be characterized as tropical and monsoonal with a high rate of humidity and a strong impact of flooding. Like other regions too, the MSW collection and treatment system is still underdeveloped and rudimentary, with disposal sites being the sole dumping method of the unsorted MSW remaining untreated by any mechanical and biological pre-treatment steps. Within this paper, the current treatment, management and operation of MSW systems are introduced, as well as the identification of advantages and disadvantages, environmental impacts, potential risks of the MSW system within the impact of global climate change. The situation of MSW treatment and management is correlated with the climate change impact and the integrated solid waste management is introduced as a new approach for adapting the environmental protection awareness by considering the climate change for the longterm sustainable development orientationSự gia tăng chất thải rắn ở các đô thị Việt Nam ngày càng nhanh và chất thải rắn đang là một trong những vấn đề môi trường được quan tâm hàng đầu. Đồng bằng Sông Cửu Long (ĐBSCL) nơi có đến 13 tỉnh và thành phố nằm ở phía Nam Việt Nam. Với lượng chất thải không nhỏ, chiếm khoảng 5 % tổng lượng chất thải rắn sinh hoạt của quốc gia. Tỷ lệ thu gom chất thải rắn thấp, chiếm khoảng 65 - 72 % ở thành thị, tỷ lệ này ở nông thôn thấp 40 - 55%, chất thải có hàm lượng hữu cơ cao chiếm khoảng 60 - 85%. Khí hậu nhiệt đới gió mùa với độ ẩm không khí cao và chịu ảnh hưởng lớn của lũ lụt hàng năm. Cũng như các khu vực khác, hệ thống thu gom và xử lý rác thải ở khu vực ĐBSCL còn rất thô sơ và lạc hậu, bãi rác là nơi duy nhất tiếp nhận trực tiếp hổnhợp rác thải không phân loại và qua bất kỳ công đoạn tiền xử lý nào. Trong phạm vi bài viết này, chúng tôi giới thiệu hoạt động vận hành hệ thống quản lý và xử lý rác đô thị trong khu vực đồng thời phân tích các thuận lợi và bất lợi, cũng như các tác động môi trường, những rủi ro tiềm ẩn trong điều kiện ảnh hưởng của biến đổi khí hậu toàn cầu - khu vực ĐBSCL là nơi chịu ảnh hưởng nặng nề nhất. Tình hình quản lý và xử lý rác được cân nhắc trong điều kiện tác động của biến đổi khí hậu, đồng thời quản lý tổng hợp rác thải cũng được đề xuất như một các tiếp cận mới nhằm đáp ứng nhiệm vụ bảo vệ môi trường trong điều kiện biến đổi khí hậu theo định hướng phát triển bền vững lâu dài
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Bernal, Renato, Edgar Sánchez, David Mauricio, and Carlos Raymundo. "Comprehensive management model for solid waste collection and transportation in Peruvian urban municipalities." Springer Verlag, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/656369.
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El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado.Here in, comprehensive management model of municipal solid waste collection and transportation, “MIGRU,” is proposed, based on the Lean Six Sigma, VSM, and Servqual methods. This model considers and includes three important management systems for an efficient collection value chain: quality management, route management, and HR and community management. The proposed model was implemented and validated in the municipality of Lima, Peru, and the results showed that municipal costs were reduced up to 40%, solid waste was reduced in the streets, and routes and processes were updated and improved in addition to an improvement in the participation and environmental education of citizens. Thus, correct management of the proposed model’s three general approaches to a very positive municipal impact at economic and environmental levels, without the investment of excessive amounts of money observed in first-world countries.
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Mochrie, Darren James Alan. "Moving municipal solid waste planning to the next level, the role of user-pay as a municipal solid waste management tool." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ32943.pdf.
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Hanby, Gregory. "An integrated facility for municipal solid waste disposal, electrical generation, and desalination." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/26005.
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A preliminary design was completed for a facility that uses municipal solid waste as file for generating electricity and cogeneration steam for a seawater desalination unit. An average city of 100,000 population is the basis of the design. The design showed that heat from the combustion of municipal solid waste will provide nearly 2% of per capita electrical power needs and 7% of fresh water requirements. This thesis proposes a new arrangement of known technologies for use in Public Works. The United States is facing increasingly complex problems with the management of mounting quantities of Municipal Solid Waste. Developing new power plant sources for electrical generation now requires searching for scarce energy resources and regularly contends with great opposition. Lastly, lack of fresh water supply has become a prime concern to many cities. Most often the organizations responsible for the management of Solid Waste, Electrical Generation, and Water Resources operate independently focusing primarily on separate requirements. Within this thesis it is demonstrated that a collective effort among these three fundamental infrastructures can benefit all. (AN)
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Furtado, Maria de Fatima Ribeiro de Gusmato. "The privatisation of municipal solid waste management in Recife, Brazil." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243385.
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Abu, Qdais Hani A. "Management of municipal solid waste composting process in hot climates." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242361.
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Brady, Patricia D. "City of Denton Municipal Solid Waste Characterization and Management Strategies." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2004. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4469/.
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Due to concern about diminishing landfill space, the City of Denton contracted a municipal solid waste characterization study in 1999 that would identify materials for diversion. This paper describes the results of 5 1-week waste sorting events, a scale-house analysis, a recycling participation study, a recycler profile and a similar city study. The results of the characterization studies suggest that at least 50% of each waste stream is recyclable or divertible though paper products accounted for no more than 45% by weight of any waste stream. Curbside recycling participation rate was 71% during the 6-week study period though the average weekly set-out rate was 37%. Recycling participation rates varied significantly by zip code and by home value categories but not by gender. Denton is fairly progressive in its waste management approach when compared to demographically similar cities on a 15-question assessment though recommendations for improvement have been identified.
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Kolev, Aleksandar. "Municipal Solid Waste Management in Bulgaria from a Systems Perspective." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-32763.
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The European Union membership of Bulgaria since January 2007 imposes higher requirements to the national waste management system and demands changes in the current waste management practices. In this context it is of great interest to study the contemporary and possible future development of the Bulgarian municipal solid waste management system. A systems analysis was carried out to provide better understanding of the Bulgarian municipal solid waste management and to analyze the possibilities for its future development in a sustainable way. Five different scenarios were constructed and compared using the ORWARE model which is a tool for environmental systems analysis that predicts ecological and economic impacts in a life-cycle perspective. The first describes the present municipal waste management system using landfilling as the only municipal solid waste treatment option. The other four describe possible future developments including business as usual and different combinations of municipal solid waste treatment options including landfilling, composting and incineration. Material recycling was included in all future scenarios. The results from the ORWARE simulations show that landfilling has the overall highest environmental impacts as compared to the other treatment methods. The introduction of composting and incineration proved to has a positive impact on the environment and provides different benefits in terms of recovered nutrients, heat and electricity production. Material recovery and recycling allows the recovery of different materials but is highly energy intensive. European and Bulgarian policies, legislation and different publications were studied to understand the factors that shape the current and future development of municipal solid waste management. Further, the application of tools incorporating life-cycle thinking, like ORWARE, was put in a broader perspective, i.e. their use in the policy and decision making process. The results from the research show that environmental policies in the European Union are changing and the focus has changed from managing specific pollutants or activities to managing resources in long term life-cycle perspective. The present concept of waste is outdated in a sustainable society and waste should be considered as a resource. In the future waste management will become a synonym to resource extraction. The present national environmental policy making does not consider global environmental consequences due to the fact that it is focused on achieving local environmental targets. The incorporation of global life-cycle perspective in the policy making process will allow the consideration of the environmental and social effects irrelevant of where they arise. Tools, like ORWARE, that incorporate life-cycle thinking are and will be used in environmental policy making. This is proved by many cases of their successful application in aiding local and national authorities to make their decisions. Even though problems may exist in terms of the required skills and knowledge, examples show that good cooperation between policy makers, scientists and other experts will be the key for their extensive and successful application.www.ima.kth.se
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Nasrin, Syeda Tanjima. "Urban Development on Municipal Solid Waste Management in Dhaka, Bangladesh." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-156090.
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Urban environment is a major global concern especially where the pollution isincreasing due to rapid growth of population along with less development of physicalinfrastructure. Municipal solid waste management (SWM) is now being considered asone of the most immediate and serious environmental issue for rapid increasing anddensely populated cities of least developing countries, unfortunately a large portion ofurban areas has no service for solid waste disposal. But globally, the amount of MSWhas been expected to double before the year 2025.Dhaka, the 28st largest in term of population (more than 10 million) and the fastestbudding city, faces a growing mountain of municipal solid waste from all sources,which is a serious threat to surface and ground water, the soil and air. The relativelyabsence of integrated approach, lack of co-ordination among stakeholders, but mostimportantly insufficient public awareness in existing municipal solid wastemanagement hide a great potential to move towards waste as resource in the way ofenergy production, material recovery, composting etc. However current highsubsidies and existing municipal authorities’ top-down approach of MWM have tomodify. An effective public-private effort supported by rules and regulations alongwith great population concern is essential for achieving social, economic andenvironmental sustainability.Stockholm has a practice of integrated municipal solid waste management to make agreen and clean capital of the world. Yet, the EU Directives of final disposal afterwaste treatment mainly has given more importance to safe environment (not to beendanger to present and future generation of living being). At the same time, wastereduction and resource recovery are also major concerns in MSWM in Stockholm.The discussion of MSW management of these two cities (Dhaka and Stockholm) donot match to compare but the contrast situation of MSW management define apositive way to develop sustainable approach through rules and regulations,innovative methods and their operation from the municipal solid waste generation to safe disposal. The paper focuses on the development of an Integrated MSWManagement for Dhaka, including responsibilities and operational procedures at themunicipal level, and involving the local community and private organizations inMSW collection, recycling, recovery. Simultaneously, safe disposal in protectedlandfill (to minimize ground water, soil and air pollution) should be given moreemphasis along with health program for informal workers and scavengers.
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Masood, Maryam. "Sustainable municipal solid waste management : challenges and solutions for Pakistan." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709270.
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Huang, Ellen M. Eng (Ellen C. ). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Compost marketing guidelines for solid municipal waste management in India." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/99599.
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Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 45-49).
India has a waste problem. With the world's second largest population at 1.252 billion individuals, a population density of 382 persons per square kilometer and consumer behavior demanding a higher standard of life and preferences for more goods, the Indian municipal waste management systems are struggling to keep up with the increasing amounts of waste coming from households. Composting is a way to divert waste away from landfills and reclaim value by transforming waste into a new product. The Indian Government has accepted the value of compost and has promulgated in 2000 that it is a recognized form of agricultural fertilizer. Due to this legislation, waste recycling start-ups have sprung up but they struggled to make ends meet due to poor market demand. Compost's main competition, chemical fertilizers, are embedded into Indian agricultural practices since the Green Revolution. Additionally, the Indian government subsidizes the chemical fertilizers to promote agriculture at both the small- and industrial-scale. Compost currently does not receive subsidies from the federal level. Thus, companies need to independently develop sustainable business models for compost production and sales if they are to meet government mandates regarding waste management. A key element of such sustainable business models will be the marketing practices, on which this thesis focuses. Keywords: Marketing, Solid Waste Management, Compost, India
by Ellen Huang.
M. Eng.
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Pires, Ana Lúcia Lourenço. "Municipal solid waste management system: decision support through systems analysis." Doctoral thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/7509.
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Thesis submitted to the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental EngineeringThe present study intends to show the development of systems analysis model applied to solid waste management system, applied into AMARSUL, a solid waste management system responsible for the management of municipal solid waste produced in Setúbal peninsula, Portugal. The model developed intended to promote sustainable decision making, covering the four columns: technical, environmental, economic and social aspects. To develop the model an intensive literature review have been conducted. To simplify the discussion, the spectrum of these systems engineering models and system assessment tools was divided into two broadly-based domains associated with fourteen categories although some of them may be intertwined with each other. The first domain comprises systems engineering models including cost-benefit analysis, forecasting analysis, simulation analysis, optimization analysis, and integrated modeling system whereas the second domain introduces system assessment tools including management information systems, scenario development, material flow analysis, life cycle assessment (LCA), risk assessment, environmental impact assessment, strategic environmental assessment, socio-economic assessment, and sustainable assessment. The literature performed have indicated that sustainable assessment models have been one of the most applied into solid waste management, being methods like LCA and optimization modeling (including multicriteria decision making(MCDM)) also important systems analysis methods. These were the methods (LCA and MCDM) applied to compose the system analysis model for solid waste. The life cycle assessment have been conducted based on ISO 14040 family of norms; for multicriteria decision making there is no procedure neither guidelines, being applied analytic hierarchy process (AHP) based Fuzzy Interval technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). Multicriteria decision making have included several data from life cycle assessment to construct environmental, social and technical attributes, plus economic criteria obtained from collected data from stakeholders involved in the study. The results have shown that solutions including anaerobic digestion in mechanical biological treatment plant plus anaerobic digestion of biodegradable municipal waste from source separation, with energetic recovery of refuse derived fuel (RDF) and promoting pays-as-you-throw instrument to promote recycling targets compliance would be the best solutions to implement in AMARSUL system. The direct burning of high calorific fraction instead of RDF has not been advantageous considering all criteria, however, during LCA, the results were the reversal. Also it refers that aerobic mechanical biological treatment should be closed.
Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - SFRH/BD/27402/2006
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Yuen, Nga-yee, and 袁雅儀. "Feasibility of integrated solid waste management in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31256090.
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Kleiss, Torsten. "Institutional arrangements for municipal solid waste combustion projects." Weimar Bauhaus-Univ, 2008. http://d-nb.info/992651913/04.
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Abedini, Ali Reza. "Integrated approach for accurate quantification of methane generation at municipal solid waste landfills." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/51616.
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Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills have been identified by regulators and policy-makers as primary sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Landfill gas (LFG) generation is best described as a first order reaction which is the basis of many LFG generation models. These models are tools to predict a landfill’s lifespan methane generation, in lieu of costly full scale quantification methods. Moreover, modeling results are required to properly design LFG recovery and utilization systems. These results are also used by the GHG emission regulatory authorities to establish and enforce regulations, and modify and fine-tune the existing policies, regulations, and inventory reports. However, with a large number of variables affecting the biological decomposition process within landfills, exact quantification of methane generation and/or emission from these sources is literally impossible. Several investigations have raised serious doubts about the accuracy of many existing models, hence, the validity of model-based emission statistics utilized by the national and international organizations. A quick modeling exercise presented in Chapter 1, involving 5 popular LFG generation models showed up to 340% variation for a single site, arguably showing the need for an advanced model which offers more realistic, consistent, and comparable results that could be used by landfill owners, engineers, and regulatory agencies. In this research, an integrated LFG generation model was developed based on the waste decomposition principles and operational and environmental conditions. Methodologies for effective full scale quantification of fugitive methane emissions were also developed. With the unique opportunity which was made available at the Vancouver landfill (VLF), a newly iii developed integrated gas generation model (iModel-110©) was calibrated and verified based on a comprehensive landfill methane mass balance investigation. The field investigations conducted at the VLF consisted of four major phases including: (i) development of an LFG recovery system database, (ii) monitoring the landfill’s behavior in time and with respect to changes in ambient conditions, (iii) measurement of fugitive methane emissions through an innovative approach, and (iv) quantification of the biological methane oxidation in the landfill’s cover soil using the stable isotope technique.Applied Science, Faculty of
Civil Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Ayanoglu, Cemal Can. "A Location Routing Problem For The Municipal Solid Waste Management System." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12608230/index.pdf.
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This study deals with a municipal solid waste management system in which the strategic and tactical decisions are addressed simultaneously. In the system, the number and locations of the transfer facilities which serve to the particular solid waste pick-up points and the landfill are determined. Additionally, routing plans are constructed for the vehicles which collect the solid waste from the pick-up
points by regarding the load capacity of the vehicles and shift time restrictions.
We formulate this reverse logistics system as a location-routing problem with two facility layers. Mathematical models of the problem are presented, and an iterative capacitated-k-medoids clustering-based heuristic method is proposed for
the solution of the problem. Also, a sequential clustering-based heuristic method is presented as a benchmark to the iterative method. Computational studies are performed for both methods on the problem instances including up to 1000 pick-up points, 5 alternative transfer facility sites, and 25 vehicles. The results obtained show that the iterative clustering-based method developed achieves considerable
improvement over the sequential clustering-based method.
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Li, Kui. "Study of Influence Factors in Municipal Solid Waste Management Decision-making." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-32756.
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Nowadays, municipal solid waste (MSW) has got great attention from world-wide decision makers in the field of waste management. When they are making a MSW management decision, there are lots of factors that may influence their final decision for picking up an optimal alternative. In order to find out the influence factors in municipal solid waste management decision-making, incineration and anaerobic fermentation techniques are selected as example for comparison. Literature study and interview are used for collecting theoretical and practical information respectively. A list of theoretical influence factors is created, which integrates environmental, social and financial aspects of incineration and anaerobic fermentation. This list can help the decision-maker to have a better choice when they are choosing an alternative from MSW management methods. Practical information is achieved by interviewing the City of Stockholm Waste Management Administration. Differences are revealed between theory and the Stockholm case. The priority of each influence factor is discussed in this paper. Base on the decision between theoretical factors and the Stockholm case, the result shows that the theoretical factors are not completely sufficient for the practical use in the city of Stockholm. The list of theoretical influence factors should be extended by integrating more factors and more MSW management alternatives to meet different requirements in practical cases. There is no clear definition on which factor has the highest degree of influence for the decision-maker. The priority of influence factors is depended on the local condition and subjective choice of decision-maker.www.ima.kth.se
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Gavrilita, Pavel. "Environmental Systems Analysis of Municipal Solid Waste Management in Chisinau, Moldova." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-32696.
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The increasing scale of economic activity, i.e. industrialization, urbanization, rising standards ofliving and population growth, has led to a sharp increase in the quantity of waste generated. The environment has a limited capacity for waste assimilation. If too much waste enters the environment rather than being recycled or reused, the assimilative capacity of the environment isput under too much stress to be able to handle the total quantity of waste generated. Nowadays,due to improper treatment, waste management is something that affects people. In the Republicof Moldova handling of all types of waste such as municipal, hazardous, industrial etc. relies onlandfilling only. This thesis is a basis for decision-making for local authorities and is about environmental systems analysis and computer modelling of municipal solid waste management in Chisinau. The ORWARE model was used for systems analysis, aiming to examine the environmental impacts that could be expected from different future alternatives (scenarios) for future municipal solid waste management. By having a strong foundation in life cycle assessment, ORWARE intends to cover the environmental impacts through the entire life cycle of waste management.The model consists of several submodels starting from the generation point; collection,transportation, biological treatment, incineration and final disposal. Moreover, the model comprises material recycling of plastics and cardboard. Different solid waste management scenarios were constructed, simulated and compared with each other. The first scenario was the current waste management in Chisinau that contains only landfilling. Three other scenarios for future waste management in (2020) were constructed and simulated. They took into consideration that a certain amount of materials will be recycled in 2020; consequently the same amount of materials was assumed to be recycled in all future scenarios. The business as usual scenario had as a basis landfilling with greater amount of waste as in the year 2005. The incineration scenario had a mixture of landfilling and incineration with energy recovery. The last scenario, the biological treatment scenario, differed from theincineration scenario in that 25% of the organic waste was treated by anaerobic digestion with biogas production and fertilizer for spreading on arable land. The simulation results show that the incineration and anaerobic digestion scenarios have great environmental advantages over the landfill scenario. Even though only one forth of the organic waste is treated biologically, the last scenario is the most environmentally friendly treatment option. If more organic waste will be separated and treated biologically, the impact will be furtherreduced. Economical aspects were not included in this study, due to limited time but a further analysis of the costs is necessary for a proper decision making.www.ima.kth.se
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Agbesola, Yetunde. "Sustainability of Municipal Solid Waste Management in Nigeria : A Case Study of Lagos." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema vatten i natur och samhälle, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-97010.
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Waste generation is an unavoidable product of man’s activities, however, sustainable management of such waste is a challenge faced in many countries today. Nigeria, a developing country in Africa, has been in a quandary of how to efficiently manage the municipal solid waste its population generates. Many states in the country lack adequate plans and infrastructure required for efficient and sustainable management of municipal solid waste. For Lagos, the most populous and popular state in Nigeria, the problem is further compounded by its rather large and still increasing population. In this research, Lagos is taken as a case study; the extant trend for solid waste handling in households, trends in the formal and informal sector as regards solid waste management from household collection to final disposal are focused upon. Many countries, particularly the developed ones, have employed options in the waste management hierarchy for sustainable management of their municipal solid waste and the blend of options employed is usually highly dependent on local factors. Following the waste management hierarchy, possible options for sustainable municipal solid waste management in Lagos are discussed. It is concluded that waste reduction, reuse, recycling and composting are potential management options for the state. Landfilling will remain an important option for final disposal but reliance on this method could be significantly reduced if management options are exploited to the maximum in a sustainable solid waste management structure.
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Nehaul, Nico. "Methods to Reduce Malodour Emission from Municipal Solid Waste Fuel." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-220701.
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Swedish power plants have in general an overcapacity which means that they must import waste from abroad. The imported fuel consists of several types of waste, but the majority originates from municipal and commercial waste. EFO is one of the leading fuel supplying and transport companies in Sweden. The company is owned by eight power plants located all around Sweden. The waste is purchased from other countries and then shipped to Sweden. During the unloading of the ship, when the cargo hatches opens, the malodourous gases will escape and be released in to the air. These malodours can travel quite far and are extremely unpleasant to people who live close by. The aim of this thesis was to suggest ways on how to prevent or reduce the emission of malodours during unloading of bales containing municipal waste. The aim of the project was to determine the causes of malodours, to identify the most common odorants in municipal waste, what properties they have, how they can be affected and how to prevent the formation of them. The problem was tackled by theoretical and practical studies. The theoretical study was a literature study and the practical study was observation at Mälarenergi combined heat and power plant. The results are presented as a number of suggestions for how to prevent or reduce the emission of malodours during unloading of bales containing municipal waste. These suggestions were divide in to the three categories Storage, Unloading and At Port. The suggestions varied from using better sorted waste to researching the possibility to use a portable tent covering the cargo ship during unloading. It was recommended that EFO should use both short- and long-term plans and also conduct further research on other ways to reduce emission of malodours.The suggestions were not tested so it cannot with certainty be determined if the suggestions will reduce or prevent emission of malodour. No laboratory tests were done on the waste. Therefore, the contents and concentrations could not be confirmed. However, it is almost certain that even if there were a slight difference it would not lead to a change of the current treatment process of the MSW. Obviously, there should have been multiple observations carried out at Mälarenergi`s power plant on various occasions and at different weather conditions. Several observations should also have been done on EFO´s other power plants to confirm that the core of the malodour emission problem is the same for all power plants. Basing suggestions on results taken from one instance might not give the correct answer to the problem. Common for malodours found in MSW is that they are formed as a product of degrading MSW. Reducing or stopping the degradation process, will prevent the formation of these compounds. This can be done either by lowering the temperature of the waste bales, altering the pH, decreasing the water content and increasing the level of Oxygen.De svenska kraft- och värmeverken är så effektiva att det svenska bränslet inte räcker till utan man måste importera från andra länder. Bränslet består till stor del av hushållsavfall och kommersiellt avfall. EFO är ett energianskaffnings- och transportföretag som delägs av åtta svenska el- och värmeleverantörer. De förser sina ägare med bränsle till deras kraft- och värmeverk runt om i landet. Majoriteten av det inköpta bränslet kommer från utlandet och fraktas till Sverige med fartyg. Problemet för boende i närområdet är att avfallet avger dålig lukt när det lastas av från fartyg till hamn. Syftet med den här rapporten var att undersöka hur man kan förhindra eller minska utsläpp av dålig lukt vid avlastning från fartyg till hamn samt att ge förslag på metoder som kan minska luktproblematiken. Övriga mål var att fastställa vilka de mest förekommande luktämnena är, orsaken till att de bildas, vilka egenskaper de har och hur man kan förhindra att de bildas. Arbete består av en litteraturstudie tillsammans med observation gjord på Mälarenergis kraftvärmeverk. Resultaten presenterades i form av ett antal förslag på sätt att minska utsläpp av dålig lukt vid avlastning. Dessa förslag indelades i de tre områdena Lagring, Avlastning och Hamn. Förslagen var breda och sträckte sig från användning av bättre sorterat avfall till att utreda om det finns möjligheter till användning av ett portabelt tält kring fartyget under avlastning. Utöver de presenterade förslagen för minskning av luktutsläpp gavs också rekommendationen att EFO bör använda sig av både kortsiktiga och långsiktiga planer samt forska på ytterligare sätt för att minska utsläpp av dålig lukt. Förslagen har inte prövats och det kan därför inte fastställas om de reducerar och förhindrar utsläpp av dålig lukt. Det gjordes heller inte några laboratoriska analyser på avfallets innehåll därför kan det inte bestämmas om avfallet innehåller samma ämnen och koncentrationer. Sannolikt skiljer sig inte värdena så pass mycket att det skulle kräva andra typer av luktreducerande metoder. Fler observationer borde ha gjorts både på Mälarenergis anläggning och på de andra delägarnas anläggningar. Observationerna skulle då också utförts vid olika tidpunkter samt vid olika väderlek. Det är möjligt att resultatet skulle vara annorlunda om det funnits data från fler observationer. Gemensamt för ämnen som avger dålig lukt är att de uppkommer som en produkt av nedbrutet avfall. Genom att bromsa eller stoppa nedbrytningsprocessen kommer uppkomsten av dessa luktämnen förhindras. Detta kan man göra genom att förändra pH, sänka temperaturen, minska fukthalten och öka syrenivån.
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Suryani, Eny. "Municipal solid waste management in Indonesia : a case study of semarang municipality /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18225.pdf.
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Ai, Ning. "Challenges of sustainable urban planning: the case of municipal solid waste management." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44926.
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This study aims to demonstrate the critical role of waste management in urban sustainability, promote planners' contribution to proactive and efficient waste management, and facilitate the integration of waste management into mainstream sustainability planning.
With anticipated increases in population and associated waste generation, timely and effective waste management highlights one of the most critical challenges of sustainable development, which calls for meeting "the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs" (WCED, 1987). Waste management in urban areas plays a particularly important role, given that waste generated from urban areas are often exported out of the region for processing and treatment, and the impacts of waste disposal activities may pass on to the other jurisdictions, and even to the next generations. An urban system cannot be sustainable if it requires more resources than it can produce on its own and generates more wastes than the environment can assimilate.
The current waste management practice, which focuses on short-term impacts and end-of-pipe solutions, is reactive in nature and inadequate to promote sustainability within urban systems, across jurisdictions, and across generations. Through material flows in and out of urban systems, many potential opportunities exist to reduce waste generation and to minimize the negative impacts on the environment, the economy, and the society. City planners' involvement in waste management, however, has been largely limited to siting waste management facilities.
Linking waste management with three important lenses in planning-land use, economic development, and environmental planning, this study investigates the impacts of urban growth on waste management activities, the need of transforming the reactive nature of current waste management, and the challenges and opportunities that planners should address to promote urban systems' self-reliance of material and waste management needs.
This study includes three empirical analyses to complement theoretical discussions. First, it connects waste statistics with demographic data, geographic characteristics, and policy instruments at the county level to examine whether waste volume can be decoupled from urban population growth. Second, it examines the life cycle costs of different waste management options and develops a simulation study to seek cost-effective strategies for long-term waste management. Third, it compiles evidence of geographic-specific characteristics related to waste management and demonstrates why waste management policies cannot be one-size-fit-all.
This study finds that, with successful implementation of strategic policy design, waste generation and its associated impacts can be decoupled from population and urban growth. Good lessons about waste reduction programs can be learned from different communities. Meanwhile, this study also reveals various challenges facing communities with heterogeneous characteristics, such as housing density, building age, and income. Accordingly, this study discusses the potential opportunities for planners to contribute to community-specific waste management programs, the prospect of transforming waste management practice from a cost burden to a long-term economic development strategy, and the need to incorporate waste management into the sustainable urban planning agenda.
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Kong, Yuan. "Feasibility Study of Implementing Vafab Municipal Solid Waste Management to Wuhan, China." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-295674.
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This thesis aims at providing comprehensive descriptions of Vafab and Wuhan household waste management systems and comparing the two systems for the purpose of better understanding over the similarities and differences between these two cases. Literature study, semi-structured interviews and field studies have been applied as methods to describe both Vafab and Wuhan municipal solid waste management (“MSWM”) from the past to the future. A primary feasibility study is also presented to further evaluate the possibility for Wuhan to implement Vafab’s household waste management strategy to improve Wuhan MSWM current status quo from legal, social and technical perspectives. The problems in Wuhan MSWM system are able to be identified and suggestions are provided based on Vafab MSWM model. This thesis also determines legal, social and technical barriers existed in Wuhan MSWM.
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Peter, Gwom. "Planning for municipal solid waste management : the case of Greater Jos, Nigeria." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/3156.
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Among the greatest challenges of the twenty-first century is the rapid growth of cities. The growth of most municipalities has remained unplanned and uncontrolled. Unmanageable development in developing countries has given rise to environmental disorders in the built-up settlements. Municipal solid waste management in particular, is now a fear-provoking assignment for the municipal establishments who are lacking in capacity to confront the municipal solid waste issue. The main objective of carrying out this research is to see how urban planning can help improve municipal solid waste issues in Greater Jos municipal area. It defines the municipal solid waste problem and identifies a number of specific planning drivers as the factors responsible for lack of improvement in the municipal solid waste management situation. A mixed method approach was used for the empirical analysis which combined both interviews and questionnaire data from senior government officials, industry stakeholders and residential neighbourhoods, collected with observational and documentary data, in order to investigate the solid waste issue. Major problems identified in this research are: (i) municipalities are undergoing deterioration of solid waste conditions but the local, state and federal governments are lacking adequate planning to deal with the circumstances (ii) apart from quite a lot of causes of the municipal solid wastes crisis can be known, the political commitment to urban planning is lacking which serves as the basis of the deteriorating situation in Nigerian municipalities and (iii) relationship exists between poor planning and municipal solid waste management delivery of collection services and disposal amenities. Individual municipal solid waste management strategy alone was found to produce unplanned and uncoordinated management of waste issues. Collaboration to produce a joint municipal solid waste management plan has been recommended as a good practice.
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Kumar, Jasti Sudhir [Verfasser]. "Plastic Waste - Fuel. Municipal Solid Waste Management : A Case Study of Municipal Corporation of Eluru, A.P, India / Jasti Sudhir Kumar." Munich : GRIN Verlag, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1097481611/34.
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