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Tenenbaum, David Elliot. "RAIMEnt, RHESSys/Arcview integrated modelling environment." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0010/MQ40760.pdf.
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Sampson, G. "Modelling of integrated waste management systems." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341082.
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Purwantoro, Yudi. "Integrated and systematic modelling of reliability." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251346.
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Herrero, Mario. "Modelling dairy grazing systems : an integrated approach." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28229.
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The thesis describes a management decision-support system for dairy grazing systems based on simulation and multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) models. Appropriate selection of holistic management strategies for livestock farming systems requires: 1) understanding of the behaviour of, and interrelations between, the different parts of the system, 2) knowledge of the basic objectives of the decision-maker managing such enterprise, and 3) understanding of the system as a whole in its agro-ecoregional context. Increasing economic and environmental pressures on livestock production systems have created the need to re-evaluate current management practices and to study new alternatives to ensure their sustainability. As a consequence, the demand for decision-support systems based on mathematical models has increased in the past years. Validated simulation models provide cost-effective means to represent the dynamics of the system and its components, while MCDM models allow for appropriate selection of resource allocation strategies depending on the different objectives and management 'styles' of particular individuals. Integration of both mechanisms provides the necessary elements for efficient decision-support at farm or ecoregional level. A decision-support system based on these techniques has been built to represent pastoral dairy production systems. The biological aspects (grass growth; grazing; digestion and metabolism; animal performance, and herd dynamics) are represented by simulation studies under a variety of management regimes. The outputs from the simulation runs (such as pasture utilisation, stocking rates, milk yields, fertilizer uses, etc.) are used as data input to the MCDM models, and the latter have been used to select the management strategies which make the most efficient use of the farm's resources (i.e. land, animals, pastures).
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Elzen, Michael Gerardus Jacobus den. "Global environmental change an integrated modelling approach /." Utrecht : Maastricht : International Books ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1994. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5746.
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Bolouri, Hamid Shakourzadeh. "Yield modelling for large area integrated circuits." Thesis, Brunel University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.290958.
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Whyman, Neil L. "Modelling RF interference effects in integrated circuits." Thesis, University of York, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273884.
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Keeton, Shirley. "An integrated approach to modelling cancer metastasis." Thesis, University of Reading, 2016. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/68648/.
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The spread of cancer to distant sites, metastasis, is responsible for the majority of cancer related deaths. Metastasis is a complex process comprising a number of steps and mechanisms which take place over time. Due to the temporal and extemperaneous nature of metastasis it has proved difficult to study. Current models are limited in their application and there is a need to develop new models which provide a better and more meaningful biological context for the study of metastasis. Taking a tissue engineering approach, this project has sought to develop a set of in vitro models for the exploration of cancer metastasis in three dimensions. Two collagen based assays were developed to allow the exploration of metastasis in a three dimensional (3D) environment. A simple collagen based assay was developed to create multiple regions of interest, allowing the study of cell migration, invasion and colonization in two dimensions, three dimensions and at border zones. Compression of collagen was used to construct a stiffer more elastic 3D in vitro context and this assay was developed to provide multiple regions of interest for the study of metastasis in a more structured and biologically relevant environment. The chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay was explored as an in vivo model for the study of metastasis however this allowed only a short time period for study. However, the decellularization of CAM tissue provided a novel and useful 3D context which could be used for the study of metastatic mechanisms in direct comparison to the in vivo model but over longer time periods.
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Kozyniak, Kathleen. "Integrated mesoscale-hydrometeorological modelling for flood forecasting." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/f54ba862-fc88-4ae1-9f6a-fe955dc5e581.
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In an effort to improve upon rainfall forecasts produced by simple storm advection methods (nowcasts) and to broach the gap between them and the forecasts of complex Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models, in terms of the spatial detail and length of lead-time each provides, the research presented explores the possibility of combining elements of each into a physically-based algorithm for rainfall forecasting. It is an algorithm that uses as its foundation the rainfall prediction model of Mark French and Witold Krajewski, developed in 1994. Their model was designed to take advantage of the high resolution rainfall observations and tracking abilities provided by weather radar and to achieve a rainfall forecast by augmenting extrapolation techniques with a representation of storm dynamics in the form of "rising parcel" theory. The new algorithm/model retains those features but incorporates NWP data to assist with forecasting, using it as a means to enable an informed choice of algorithm pathways and, more specifically, to identify the ingredients of precipitation, namely ascending air of high moisture content. A case study application of the new rainfall forecasting model to storms in Northern England shows its performance, at a lead-time of one hour, compares favourably with respect to extrapolation and persistence techniques and also NWP forecasts, and that it is able to provide more assured forecasts than persistence and nowcasts at longer lead-times. The robustness of the model is tested and confirmed by way of another case study, this time using Mediterranean storms and with predictions made in the context of urban hydrology. The case studies help to identify aspects of the model that need improvement, with representation of orographic forcing being a key one. Both the model's encouraging performance and its pinpointed weaknesses provide impetus for further research in the area of integrated mesoscale-hydrometeorological modelling for flood forecasting.
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Hickey, James. "Constraining volcanic unrest with integrated geodetic modelling." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683904.
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A comprehensive understanding of the origin, nature, and significance of volcanic unrest is currently missing, but of fundamental imp0l1ance to communities living with the threat of volcanic hazards. My thesis addresses this shortcoming from a volcanic deformation angle. By incorporating a range of multi-disciplinary data, I have developed new integrated models of volcanic deformation using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) that are suitable for use in both forward and inverse modelling approaches. They are consistent with independent geophysical observables and provide detailed insight on volcanic processes during unrest crises. I have applied these models to three volcanoes. A study of Uturuncu volcano, Bolivia, highlighted the importance of subsurface structure and time-dependent source processes in explaining both the spatial and temporal deformation patterns. The combined results alluded to a diapiric-type ascent of magma. At Cotopaxi volcano, Ecuador, I used novel inversion models employing FEA to elucidate the location and volume of a magmatic intrusion during an aseismic, and non-eruptive, unrest episode. The models also provided insights into observable signals that could be associated with future intrusive or eruptive activity. My analysis of the persistent inflation at Aira caldera, Japan, during an ongoing emptive phase at Sakurajima volcano, used inverse Finite Element models to, for the first time, quantify the statistical significance of including topography and subsurface heterogeneity in deformation models. Additional models results were used to identify the rate, timing, volume, location and mechanism of magma supply, as well as the timescales that could be associated with increases in future eruptive activity. Together, these results highlight how models with more plausible, and geophysically consistent, components can improve our understanding of the mechanical processes affecting volcanic unrest and geodetic eruption precursors. They provide a framework to help advance emption forecasting and risk mitigation.
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Masood, Tariq. "Enhanced integrated modelling approach to reconfiguring manufacturing enterprises." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2009. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6371.
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El, Said Bassam Sabry Fawzy. "Integrated multi-scale modelling of 3D woven composites." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.720811.
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Adefajo, Olubunmi. "Modelling of integrated electrical systems for aerospace applications." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.516398.
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Flower, David Jonathan Mark. "An integrated approach to modelling urban water systems." Monash University. Faculty of Engineering. Department of Civil Engineering, 2009. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/73160.
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The energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with urban water systems have come under scrutiny in recent times, as a result of increasing interest in climate change, to which urban water systems are particularly vulnerable. The approach most commonly taken previously to modelling these results has been to consider various urban water system components in great detail, but in isolation from the rest of the system. This piecewise approach is suboptimal, since it systematically fails to reveal the relative importance of the energy consumption and GHG emissions associated with each system component in the context of the entire urban water system. Hence, it was determined that a new approach to modelling the energy consumption and GHG emissions associated with urban water systems was necessary. It was further determined that the value derived from such a model would be greatly enhanced if it could also model the water consumption and wastewater generation associated with each system component, such that integrated policies could be developed, aimed at minimising water consumption, wastewater generation, energy consumption and GHG emissions concurrently. Hence, the following research question was posed: How should the relationships between the water consumption, wastewater generation, energy consumption and GHG emissions associated with the operation of urban water systems be modelled such that the impact of various changes to the system configuration made at different spatial scales can be determined within the context of the entire system? In this research project, life cycle assessment ideas were employed to develop such a new modelling methodology. Initially, the approach was developed at the building-scale, such that the end uses of water present in a selected building and any associated appliances could be modelled, along with the fraction of the citywide water supply and wastewater systems directly associated with providing services to that building. This vast breadth of scope was delivered by considering only the operational life cycle stage of each urban water system component, excluding both the pre- and post-operational life cycle stages of the associated infrastructure. The value of this pilot model was illustrated by several case studies, focused on residential buildings connected to the centralised water supply and wastewater systems in Melbourne, Australia. Later, the approach was extended to the city-scale by using probabilistic distributions of each input parameter, such that all of the end uses of water present in a city, and all of the associated building-scale appliances could be modelled, along with the associated complete water supply and wastewater systems. The value of this city-scale model was illustrated by applying it to model a hypothetical case study city, resembling Melbourne, Australia in many ways. Due to a lack of data, this application was limited to the residential sector of the case study city, along with the fraction of the citywide water supply and wastewater systems directly associated with providing services to that sector. The results generated by the pilot and city-scale models showed that the new modelling methodology could be employed at a wide range of scales to assess the relative importance of each modelled urban water system component in terms of the specified results. Importantly, the high resolution of those results enabled the identification of the underlying causes of the relative importance of each urban water system component, such that efficient and effective approaches to reducing each result for each system component could be developed. Interestingly, for the specific case studies investigated, it was revealed that some commonly neglected system components were actually extremely important, such as domestic hot water services, a trend found to be largely driven by hot water consumption in showers.
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Grinc, Michal. "Lithospheric structure in Central Europe : integrated geophysical modelling." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00921044.
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The main aim of this thesis is to gain new knowledge about the lithospherical structure and tectonics of the Carpathian-Pannonian Basin region. We applied three different methods: 1Dautomatic modelling, 2D integrated geophysical modelling and 3D inversion to achieve this goal.These methods are similar concerning the used databases but differ by used processing andinterpretation. At first we apply 1D automatic modelling to get a very first overview of thestudied region. Secondly, we apply 2D integrated modelling of the lithosphere which combines the interpretation of surface heat flow, geoid, gravity, and topography data in the Carpathian-Pannonian Basin region and surrounding areas. This approach is able to constrain the complicated lithospheric structures of the studied region better than interpreting each data set onits own. We present four 2D integrated models of the lithosphere in the Carpathian-PannonianBasin region and surrounding areas. Finally, based on the 3D Inversion algorithm, we present the geophysical models of the lithosphere in the Carpathian-Pannonian region. The algorithm returns the density structure of the lithosphere from joint inversion of free air gravity, geoid andtopography data based on a Bayesian approach. The models are based on different input data sets and constrained by different a priori data. Based on our modelling we cannot confirm theextreme thinning (less than 70 km) of the Pannonian Basin lithosphere proposed by other authors.On the other hand, the results show the increasing trend of the lithospherical thickness of theCarpathian Arc from the Western Carpathians toward the Eastern Carpathians which confirms theprevious theories about the propagation of subduction process. We got some controversial resultsin the area of the Southern Carpathians. The results based on 3D inversion show extremely thinlithosphere in the area; on the other hand, the results based on 2D integrated modelling do notsupport such thinning. However both methods indicate that it is probable that the MoesianPlatform is bend and underthrusted underneath the Southern Carpathians. The south-eastern edge of the Pannonian Basin based on 3D inversion shows unexpected and surprisingly thinlithosphere. Since the area is quite large, we could exclude an effect of flexure, therefore this area might be potentially interesting for further investigation.
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Kamalian, Ulric. "Integrated 2D-3D free surface hydro-environmental modelling." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2011. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/26089/.
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An integrated horizontally two- and fully three-dimensional numerical model system has been developed based on a combined unstructured and σ-coordinate grid to simulate the flow and water quality process in large water bodies with a focus on the three dimensional behaviours at specific areas. The model is based on the time dependent Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations with a non-hydrostatic pressure distribution and a baroclinic force being incorporated in the three dimensional (3D) model. The two sub models interact dynamically during the solution procedure with no time-step restriction due to integration. The main idea is to use a fractional step algorithm for each model and then integrate the two models fraction by fraction. Hybrid 2D-3D finite volume cells have been introduced for the link nodes which are partly in the 2D domain and partly in the 3D domain. Thus an interpolation/averaging procedure at the interface and domain overlapping is no longer needed. The 3D model uses the projection method for pressure calculation. The advection equation is solved by the semi-Lagrangian method. Other components are solved via the finite element - finite volume (FV) method. The water surface is determined implicitly through a global matrix equation created by assembling the domain's matrices. The cell integrals are calculated analytically to eliminate a common source of numerical diffusion due to the use of approximation techniques for the FV integrals. The horizontal gradients of the density and shear stresses are calculated on true horizontal planes, in order to avoid artificial velocity and diffusion in highly stratified flows. Neumann interpolation elements with virtual nodes have been introduced at Neumann type of boundaries for more accuracy. The integrated model has been verified using analytical solutions and benchmark test cases, including the Ekman velocity distribution, wind driven circulation, lock exchange and integrated 2D-3D flows in basin. The results show the model is capable of the model for accurate simulation and implicit 2D-3D integration. Keywords: integrated modelling, hydrodynamic numerical model, non-hydrostatic, unstructured mesh, hybrid finite element finite volume method.
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Sienz, J. "Integrated structural modelling, adaptive analysis and shape optimization." Thesis, Swansea University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.639033.
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The present work is concerned with the development of procedures for an integrated system for computer aided structural optimization including topology optimization, image processing and shape optimization for two dimensional structures. At the beginning, such a system is introduced. This system integrates aspects of design and analysis modelling, behaviour sensitivity analysis, optimization and creative control via interactive graphics. A satisfactory solution of structural optimization problems can only be achieved by having a profound knowledge of each of these aspects. The introduction of an integrated system for structural optimization is followed by the establishment of a pool of blocks to build such a system. Firstly, a flexible shape definition tool for two dimensional structures using B-splines is shown. This is followed by an adaptive, automatic mesh generator for unstructured meshes consisting of triangular or quadrilateral meshes which allows to generate full FE problem definitions. The FE analysis is carried out using this input for plane stress/plane strain problems, solids of revolution and for engineering problems governed by the Helmholtz equations. The accuracy of the FE analysis is improved by applying adaptive refinement methods in combination with the Zienkiewicz-Zhu error estimator and nodal averaging or the SPR method to compute nodal stresses. For shape optimization, the behaviour sensitivities of the structure are computed using semi-analytical methods (exact or conventional) or the global finite difference method. The optimization is carried out using mathematical programs which are used as black boxes. These tools are then combined to build two applications for integrated structural optimization.
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Ji, Hongyan. "Thermodynamic modelling of wax and integrated wax-hydrate." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/332.
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Strickrodt, M. "An integrated knowledge engineering approach to process modelling." Thesis, University of South Wales, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265743.
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Al-Khudairy, Fawaz Wathiq Khattab. "Integrated positioning system (IPS) using route modelling scheme." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324200.
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Cardew-Hall, Michael John. "Modelling and integrated inspection of cast turbine blades." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46985.
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Jiao, Hong. "Integrated knowledge-based hierarchical modelling of manufacturing organizations." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1991. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/32104.
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The objective of this thesis is to research into an integrated knowledge-based simulation method, which combines the capability of knowledge based simulation and a structured analysis method, for the design and analysis of complex and hierarchical manufacturing organizations. This means manufacturing organizations analysed according to this methodology can manage the tactical and operational planning as well as the direct operation of shop floor.
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Vacharaphol, Oratai. "Extended modelling methodology to facilitate integrated decision making in manufacturing enterprises." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12521.
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This research has highlighted the importance of the multiple roles in design and change organizations and the benefits to have quantitative tools and qualitative tools to support decision making. Hence the aims and objectives of this research are a model driven approach to support integrated decision making in MEs. The author has identified a gap in the lack of a systematic way to model MEs to facilitate integrated decision making. Initial Modelling Methodology (IMM) has been established based on Manufacturing System Integration (MSI) group at Loughborough University so that improvement of this methodology can be investigated to facilitate integrated decision making. Artwork is an industrial furniture manufacturer based in Loughborough and is used as the company case study of this research. IMM has been tested in exploratory research case 1 at a low level of production at Artwork. The experimentations of case 1 have been carried out to study the impact of product volume and variety on specific process section at low level. The result has shown that IMM lacks the ability to facilitate integrated decision making aspect and it can be developed to achieve aims and objectives. This leads to additional concepts of (1) modelling at different level of abstraction to realise the benefit of multiple levels of modelling, (2) deploying the improved views of W, P and R sub-systems to assist in exercising simulation modelling and (3) identifying possible users in planning with scope and focus of decision making. These three concepts were added into IMM and known as Extended Modelling Methodology (EMM). The EMM has been tested in exploratory research case 2 at a mid-level of production system at Artfrom with four types of experimentations: 1) balancing resources of production system, 2) demand change, 3) rework impact and 4) delay impact. The evaluation of results has shown a systematic way of the EMM to facilitate decision making individually and collectively. Therefore the overall research contributions are a new model driven approach to support conceptual design and change of manufacturing systems in aspect of integrated decision making. However, limitations of this research can be addressed as limited availability of data, range and detail of case studies and limited range of modelling techniques explored here. It follows that scopes of future works are utilization of EMM in other domains, consideration of other reference models, investigation of EMM in other company case studies and establishment of a comprehensive database applied in EMM and development of coherent simulation models. In addition, this thesis has also presented ongoing research on developing and testing EMM in another company case study in aircraft engine manufacturer.
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Yu, Bing. "Hybrid modelling methodology for system design." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1995. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6999.
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In the face of rapid development in information technology coupled with a growing dynamism in global markets, manufacturing systems have to be re-constructed for short term or long term goal. Such innovations promise to lead to a new competitive stage, which typically involve design of function, information and behaviour of systems. In order to design the system, simulation has often been chosen. However, simulation has proved limited and fails to aid design of such a complex systems because of consuming much computing time and cost, especially when modelling larger systems. Thus, there is a need to seek a new approach, in a way that results in simulating such a large manufacturing system with less demand on computing time and cost. This study researches into a hybrid modelling approach to minimise these limitations. It includes proposing a hybrid modelling methodology and developing a hybrid modelling tool. The methodology integrates simulation and metamodelling techniques. The metamodel employed in the study possesses, not only characteristics of conventional metamodels in terms of representing relationships in quantity, but also in time lapse. This is the originality of the study and the significant distinction between this research and application of metamodelling in conventional ways. The hybrid modelling tool is developed to support and demonstrate the identified hybrid methodology. LISP has been used as the software language for the hybrid modelling tool. The result of this work concludes that the hybrid modelling approach is capable of simulating a complex manufacturing system with less demands on the computer. The work reported in this thesis has been carried out in conjunction with the EPSRC research project, Hierarchical Manufacturing System Modelling (HMSM) (GR/F96549), to produce an Integrated Design and Modelling Methodology (IDEM). The project was initially a collaborative research program including Loughborough University of Technology (LUT), Morris Crane Ltd., of Loughborough and GEC Large Machine, of Rugby. The experience of these collaborators has proved most valuable in supporting the research, and have provided a cross section of views and comments. The research reported in this thesis is set in the context of the HMSM Research group at Loughborough.
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Adnane, Alaoui M'Hamdi. "Modelling and analysis of consumer's multi-decision process : a new integrated stochastic modelling framework." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9415.
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Interest in understanding Human Beings’ behaviour can be traced back to the early days of mankind. However, interest in consumer behaviour is relatively recent. In fact, it is only since the end of World War II and following economic prosperity of some nations (e.g., U.S.A.) that the world witnessed the rise of a new discipline in the early 1950s; namely, Marketing Research. By the end of the 1950s, academic papers on modelling and analysis of consumer behaviour started to appear (Ehrenberg, 1959; Frank, 1962). The purpose of this research is to propose an integrated decision framework for modelling consumer behaviour with respect to store incidence, category incidence, brand incidence, and size incidence. To the best of our knowledge, no published contribution integrates these decisions within the same modelling framework. In addition, the thesis proposes a new estimation method as well as a new segmentation method. These contributions aim at improving our understanding of consumer behaviour before and during consumers’ visits to the retail points of a distribution network, improving consumer behaviour prediction accuracy, and assisting with inventory management across distribution networks. The proposed modelling framework is hybrid in nature in that it uses both non-explanatory and explanatory models. To be more specific, it uses stochastic models; namely, probability distributions, to capture the intrinsic nature of consumers (i.e., inner or built-in behavioural features) as well as any unexplained similarities or differences (i.e., unobserved heterogeneity) in their intrinsic behaviour. In addition, the parameters of these probability distribution models could be estimated using explanatory models; namely, multiple regression models, such as logistic regression. Furthermore, the thesis proposes a piece-wise estimation procedure for estimating the parameters of the developed stochastic models. Also proposed is a three-step segmentation method based on the information provided by the quality of fit of stochastic models to consumer data so as to identify which model better predicts which market segments. In the empirical investigation, the proposed framework was used to study consumer behaviour with respect to individual alternatives of each decision, individual decisions, and all decisions. In addition, the proposed segmentation method was used to segment the panellists into infrequent users, light to medium users, and heavy users, on one hand, and split loyals, loyals, and hardcore loyals, on the other hand. Furthermore, the empirical evidence suggests that the proposed piece-wise estimation procedure outperforms the standard approach for all models and decision levels. Also, the empirical results revealed that the homogeneous MNL outperforms both the heterogeneous NMNL and DMNL when each one of these distributions is applied to all decisions, which suggests the relative homogeneity in consumer decision making at the aggregate or integrated decision level. Last, but not least, through the use of the proposed framework, the thesis sheds light on the importance of consumer choice sequence on the quality of predictions, which affects the quality of segmentation. The reader is referred to chapter 3 for details on these contributions.
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Dickinson, Alex. "Complexity management and modelling of VLSI systems." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1988. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phd553.pdf.
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Saptoro, Agus. "An integrated approach to artificial neural network based process modelling." Thesis, Curtin University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2484.
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ANN technology exploded into the world of process modelling and control in the late 1980’s. The technology shows great promise and is seen as a technology that could provide models for most systems without the need to understand the fundamental behaviour or relationships among the process variables. Today, ANN applications have been applied successfully in a number of areas of process modelling and control, with the best-established applications being in the area of inferential measurements or soft sensors.Unfortunately, ‘the free lunch did not have much meat’. Overtime, people focused more on the true capabilities and power of ANN, the ability to model nonlinear relationships in data without having to define the form of the nonlinearity. However, there is often a tendency to merely plug in the data, turn the ANN training software on, and blindly accept the results. This is probably inevitable since, to date, there are no textbooks or scientific journal papers providing an integrated and systematic approach for ANN model development addressing pre-modelling, training and postmodelling stages. Therefore, addressing issues in those three phases of ANN model development is essential to support and to improve further applications of ANN technology in the area of process modelling and control.The model development issues in pre-modelling and training phases were addressed by reviewing current practice and existing techniques. For each issue, a novel method was proposed to improve the performance of ANN models. The new approaches were tested in a variety of benchmarking studies using artificial samples and coal property datasets from power station boilers.The research work in the post-modelling stage analysis which emphasises on taking the lid off black box model, proposes a novel technique to extract knowledge from the models and simultaneously obtain better understanding of the process. Postmodelling phase issues were addressed thoroughly including construction of prediction limit, sensitivity analysis and development of mathematical representation of the trained ANN model.Confidence intervals of the ANN models were analysed to construct the prediction boundary of the model. This analysis provides useful information related to interpolation and extrapolation of the model. It also highlighted how good the ANN models can be used for extrapolation purposes.An effort based on sensitivity analysis of hidden layers is also proposed to understand the behaviours of the ANN models. Using this technique, knowledge and information are retrieved from the developed models. A comparative study of the proposed techniques and the current practice was also presented.The last topic addressed in this thesis is knowledge extraction of ANN models using mathematical analysis of the hidden layers. The proposed analysis is applied in order to open the black box of the ANN models and is implemented to simulated and real historical plant data so that useful information from those data and better understanding of the process are obtained.All in all, efforts have been made in this thesis to minimise the use of abstract mathematical language and in some cases, simplify the language so that ANN modelling theory can be understood by a wider range of audience, especially the new practitioners in ANN based modelling and control. It is hoped that the insight provided in the dissertation will provide an integrated approach to pre-modelling, training and post-modelling stages of ANN models. This ‘new guideline’ of ANN model development is unique and beneficial, providing a systematic framework for the preparation, design, evaluation and implementation of ANN models in process modelling and control in particular and prediction / forecasting tool in general.
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Rees, C. S. "Mathematical models in an integrated steel making plant." Thesis, University of Hull, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383736.
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Pérez, Paricio Alfredo. "Integrated modelling of clogging processes in artificial groundwater recharge." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6214.
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La Recàrrega Artificial d'aqüífers és una tècnica extremadamente poderosa per optimitzar la gestió dels recursos hídrics. De cara a eliminar actituds escèptiques respecte a la seva aplicabilitat en nombroses situacions, és essencial adquirir més coneixements sobre els conceptes quantitatius més importants. Un tema crític és el de la minimització de la colmatació en dispositius de recàrrega. Atesa la extraòrdinaria importància d'aquest problema, es va efectuar una intensa recerca bibliogràfica que permetés determinar els processos bàsics que tenen lloc en la colmatació de plantes de recàrrega. Això, juntament amb la informació de tipus tecnológic subministrada per gestors de plantes de recàrrega, ha permès proposar un model matemàtic conceptual que integra els processos principals: retenció de partícules en suspensió portades per l'aigua de recàrrega, precipitació de minerals, creixement bacterià, generació de gas y compactació. Amb l'ajuda dels codis ja existents, l'esmentat model fou posteriorment incorporat a un programa d'elements finits tridimensionals que és capaç de tractar els cinc processos citats. El programa ha estat aplicat a tres casos de laboratori i a un experiment de camp amb el fi d'establir la validesa del marc conceptual adoptat.Aquesta tesi descriu els aspectes principals del model, els seus fonaments teòrics, la implementació numèrica i l'aplicació als exemples citats. La varietat de condicions simulades i els resultats aconseguits confirmen que el programa pot reproduir de forma satisfactòria una ampli ventall de problemes de colmatació, entre les quals s'inclouen sistemes superficials (bassas) i profunds (pous), flux radial i vertical, transport reactiu multicomponent, i d'altres. Això demostra la utilitat del programa per integrar dades de naturalesa completament diferente. A pesar de les limitacions inherents a tota formulació matemàtica, la modelació integrada proporciona estimacions quantitatives del potencial colmatant. Consegüentment, pot ser considerada com a una eina bàsica per al disseny i gestió de plantes de recàrrega i, eventualment, amb un fi predictiu.
La Recarga Artificial de acuíferos es una técnica extremadamente poderosa para optimizar la gestión de los recursos hídricos. De cara a eliminar actitudes escépticas respecto a su aplicabilidad en numerosas situaciones, es esencial adquirir más conocimientos sobre los conceptos cuantitativos más importantes. Un tema crítico es el de la minimización de la colmatación en dispositivos de recarga. Dada la extraordinaria importancia de este problema, se efectuó una intensa búsqueda bibliográfica que permitiera determinar los procesos básicos que tienen lugar en la colmatación de plantas de recarga. Esto, junto con la información de tipo tecnológico suministrada por gestores de plantas de recarga, ha permitido proponer un modelo matemático conceptual que integra los procesos principales: retención de partículas en suspensión en el agua de recarga, precipitación de minerales, crecimiento bacteriano, generación de gas y compactación. Con la ayuda de códigos ya existentes, dicho modelo fue posteriormente incorporado en un programa de elementos finitos tridimensional que es capaz de tratar los cinco procesos citados. El programa ha sido aplicado a tres casos de laboratorio y a un experimento de campo con el fin de establecer la validez del marco conceptual adoptado.
Esta tesis describe los aspectos principales del modelo, sus fundamentos teóricos, la implementación numérica y la aplicación a los ejemplos citados. La variedad de condiciones simuladas y los resultados logrados confirman que el programa puede reproducir de forma satisfactoria una amplia gama de problemas de colmatación, entre las que se incluyen sistemas superficiales (balsas) y profundos (pozos), flujo radial y vertical, transporte reactivo multicomponente, y otros. Esto demuestra la utilidad del programa para integrar datos de naturaleza completamente diferente. A pesar de las limitaciones inherentes a toda formulación matemática, la modelación integrada proporciona estimaciones cuantitativas del potencial colmatante. Por consiguiente, puede ser considerada como una herramienta básica de cara al diseño y gestión de plantas de recarga y, eventualmente, de cara a la predicción.
Artificial Recharge of groundwater is an extremely powerful technique to optimise the management of water resources. In order to eliminate sceptical misconceptions concerning its applicability to numerous situations, it is essential to gain insight into the fundamental quantitative concepts. A critical point is the minimisation of clogging of the recharge device. Given the extraordinary importance of this problem, an intensive bibliographic research was conducted to determine the basic processes underlying the clogging of recharge plants. This, in combination with technological information supplied by Artificial Recharge operators, allowed to propose a conceptual mathematical model that could integrate the main processes. Attachment of suspended solids carried by recharge water, mineral precipitation, bacterial growth, gas binding and compaction of the upper soil layer were found to be determinant in clogging development. Based on existing investigation codes, such model was implemented into a three-dimensional finite element code that is able to cope with the referred mechanisms. The code was applied to three laboratory cases and to one field experiment in order to assess the validity of the adopted framework.
This thesis includes the main concepts of the model, its theoretical background, numerical implementation and the application to the referred cases. The variety of simulated conditions and the results achieved with the model confirm that the code can reproduce successfully a wide range of clogging problems, including surface (basins) and deep (wells) systems, vertical and radial flow, multiphase transport and other options. This demonstrates the usefulness of the code to integrate data which are completely different in nature. In spite of the limitations inherent to all mathematical formulations, integrated modelling provides quantitative estimates of the clogging potential. Consequently, can be considered as a basic tool for design and management of recharge plants, and, eventually, for predictive purposes.
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Dombayci, Canan. "Conceptual modelling for integrated decision-making in process systems." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667022.
Full textAbstract:
This Thesis addresses the systematic construction of Decision Making Models (DMMs) from the conceptualization stage to its application in specific situations, with special emphasis on !he treatment of scenarios where there is a hierarchy of decision levels, common in the Process Systems (PS). Although the methodologies developed are generic, the scope of this Thesis is limited to the perspective of Process Engineering.
The central component required to construct a DMM is the conceptual description of the reality, which supports the system alisation of management procedures . During this description, two different dom ains can be identified: the PS Domain, useful to describe the structure of the process as such (physical reality and the way in which its elements are related), and the Management Domain, identified in this Thesis as associated with the Conceptual Constraints (CC) that describe the restrictions associated with the management of the process . In this way, the PS Domain includes concepts and relationships that appear in the control standards of the process followed by the company: the description of the process to be developed, the description of the physical equipment in which it is developed , and that of its interactions, giving rise to the control of the execution of the procedures; this domain should allow managing the construction, design,
operation and control of any manufacturing system. On the other hand, the CC Domain contains the information associated with the concepts and relationships that m ust be fulfilled to ensure a coherent set of decisions, with the purpose of identifying and representing the systematics to follow during the decision-making process, giving rise to the conceptual representation of this system and, finally, the construction of the corresponding DMM.
The first challenge addressed in this thesis is associated with the systematisation of conceptual modelling from semantic information, for the construction ofontologies from textual sources and a procedure to verify the interna! coherence of lhese sources. The application of this methodology has been used for the identification of the essential concepts and relationships in the PS Domain, allowing creating a generic, common and shared model, unlike the existing models.
In the next step, this PS Domain has been used to solve management problems in systems that comprise multi-level hierarchies. The resulting decision-making process allows integrating the decisions made al each level, ensuring their consistency from an approach that simultaneously considers the management of all available information (data and knowledge).
On the other hand, the introduction of the necessary concepts and relationships to ensure the feasibility of the process management decisions, through the CC Domain, allows the development of systematic DMM creation procedures: this domain classifies the constrains (balances, sequence, etc.), adds abstrae! elements to them (e.g.: produced and consumed amounts) and allows to generalize the relation of its compone nis with the information associated to the PS Domain.
The last part of this Thesis deals with the integration of the PS and CC Domains, and their application for the generation of new decision-making systems . For this, algorithms have been designed that, starting from the previously identified and classified restrictions, and patterns of DMMs also previously identified from existing cases, exploit the information available through the instances in the PS Domain, to generate new DMMs according to the user's specifications. lts use is illustrated through cases from different environments, demonstrating the generalisation capacity of the created systematics.Esta Tesis aborda la construcción sistemática de Modelos para la toma de Decisiones (DMMs) desde la etapa de conceptualización hasta su aplicación en situaciones concretas, con especial énfasis en el tratamiento de escenarios en los que existe una jerarquía de niveles de decisión, habitual en la Industria de Proceso (PS). Aunque las metodologías desarrolladas son genéricas, el alcance de esta Tesis se limita a la perspectiva de la Ingeniería de Procesos. El componente central requerido para construir un DMMs es la descripción conceptual de la realidad a la que se orienta, que a su vez respalda la sistematización de los procedimientos de gestión. Durante esta descripción, se pueden identificar planteamientos asociados a dos dominios diferentes: el Dominio del Proceso (PS), útil para describir la estructura del proceso como tal (realidad física y forma en la que se relacionan sus elementos), y el Dominio de Gestión, asociado a las Restricciones Conceptuales (CC) que describen las restricciones asociadas a la gestión del proceso. El Dominio PS incluye conceptos y relaciones que aparecen en los estándares de control del proceso que sigue la empresa: la descripción del proceso a desarrollar, la descripción de los equipos físicos en los que se desarrolla, y la de sus interacciones, que dan lugar al control de ejecución de los procedimientos; este dominio debe permitir la construcción, el diseño, la operación y el control de cualquier sistema de fabricación. Por su parte, el Dominio CC contiene la información asociada a los conceptos y las relaciones que deben cumplirse para asegurar un conjunto coherente de decisiones, con el propósito de identificar y representar la sistemática a seguir durante el proceso de toma de decisiones, dando lugar a la representación conceptual de esta sistemática y, finalmente, a la construcción del correspondiente DMM. El primer reto abordado en esta Tesis está asociado a la sistematización del modelado conceptual a partir de información semántica, para construcción de ontologías a partir de fuentes textuales y de un procedimiento para verificar la coherencia interna de dichas fuentes. La aplicación de esta metodología se ha utilizado para la identificación de los conceptos y las relaciones esenciales en el Dominio PS, permitiendo crear un modelo genérico, común y compartido, a diferencia de los modelos existentes. En el siguiente paso, este Dominio PS se ha utilizado para la resolución de problemas de gestión en sistemas que comprenden múltiples niveles de jerarquías funcionales. El proceso de toma de decisiones resultante permite integrar las decisiones tomadas en cada nivel, asegurando su coherencia a partir de un enfoque que contempla simultáneamente la gestión de toda la información disponible (datos y conocimiento). Por su parte, la introducción de los conceptos y relaciones necesarios para asegurar la factibilidad de las decisiones de gestión del proceso, a través del Dominio CC, permite el desarrollo de procedimientos sistemáticos de creación de DMMs: este Dominio clasifica las restricciones (balances, secuencia, etc.), agrega elementos abstractos a dichas restricciones (p.e.: cantidad producida y consumida) y permite generalizar la relación de sus componentes con la información asociada al Dominio PS. En la última parte de esta Tesis se aborda la integración de los Dominios PS y CC, y su aplicación para la generación de nuevos sistemas de toma de decisiones. Para ello, se han diseñado algoritmos que, partiendo de las restricciones anteriormente identificadas y clasificadas, y patrones de DMMs también previamente identificados a partir de casos ya existentes, explotan la información disponible a través de las instancias del Dominio PS, para generar de nuevos modelos de toma de decisión de acuerdo con las especificaciones del usuario. Su utilización se ilustra a través de casos procedentes de diferentes entornos, demostrando la capacidad de generalización de la sistemática creada.
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Palinkas, Aljoscha [Verfasser]. "Integrated modelling of metabolic and regulatory networks / Aljoscha Palinkas." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1074139542/34.
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Dehler, Sonya Astrid. "Integrated geophysical modelling of the northern Cascadia subduction zone." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30798.
Full textAbstract:
The northern Cascadia subduction zone involves convergence of the Explorer Plate and northern part of the Juan de Fuca Plate with the North American Plate along a margin lying west of Vancouver Island, Canada. A wide accretionary complex which underlies the continental slope and shelf has been formed. Two allochthonous terranes, the Crescent Terrane of Eocene oceanic crustal volcanics and the Pacific Rim Terrane of Mesozoic melange sedimentary rocks and volcanics, lie against the Wrangellia Terrane backstop beneath the west coast of Vancouver Island and outcrop on the southern tip of the island. The intrusive Coast Plutonic Complex underlies the westernmost part of the British Columbia mainland east of Vancouver Island and marks the location of the historic and modern volcanic arcs.
An integrated interpretation of geophysical and geological data has been conducted for the northern Cascadia subduction zone. Regionally extensive gravity and magnetic anomaly data have formed the basis of the interpretation, while surface geology, physical properties, and seismic reflection, refraction, heat flow, borehole, magnetotelluric, and seismicity data have provided constraints on structure and composition. Horizontal gradient and vertical derivative maps of the potential field data were calculated to provide additional control on the locations of major faults and lithologic boundaries.
Iterative forward modelling of the gravity and magnetic anomaly data was conducted along three offshore multichannel seismic reflection lines and their onshore extensions. The two-and-a-half-dimensional (2.5-D) models extended from the ocean basin across the accretionary
complex and Vancouver Island to the mainland along lines perpendicular to the major structural trends of the margin and revealed lateral changes in the location of several structural components along the length of the margin. The interpretations were extended
laterally by moving the original models to adjacent parallel positions and perturbing them to satisfy the new anomaly profile data and other constraints. The models thus formed were moved to the next position and the process repeated until a total of eleven models was developed
across the margin. A twelfth line across a gravity anomaly high on southern Vancouver Island was independently modelled to examine the source of this feature.
An average density model for the southern half of the convergent margin was constructed by averaging the models and profiles for seven lines at 10 km spacings. This process removed anomalies due to small source bodies and concentrated on the larger features. Finally, a regional density structural model was developed by linearly interpolating between all eleven cross-margin lines to construct a block model which could then be 'sliced' open to examine the internal structure of the margin at any location.
The final models allow the Pacific Rim and Crescent Terrane positions to be extended along the offshore margin from their mapped locations. The Pacific Rim Terrane appears to be continuous and close to the coastline along the length of Vancouver Island, while the Crescent Terrane either terminates halfway along the margin or is buried at a depth great enough to suppress its magnetic signature. The location of the Westcoast Fault, separating the Pacific Rim and Wrangellia Terranes, has been interpreted to lie west of Barkley Sound at a position 15 km west of its previously interpreted position. Beneath southern Vancouver Island and Juan de Fuca Strait, the Crescent Terrane appears to have been uplifted into an anticlinal structure, bringing high density lower crustal or upper mantle material close to the surface and thereby causing the observed gravity anomaly high.
The western part of the Coast Plutonic Complex has been interpreted as a thin lower density layer extending from its surface contact with Wrangellia to a position 20 to 30 km further east where the unit rapidly thickens and represents the main bulk of the batholith. The complexity of the thermal regime and its effects on density in this region allows for other interpretations.
Finally, a comparison of the models along the length of the margin reveals that the crust of Vancouver Island appears to thin toward the north above the shallower Explorer Plate and the complex low - high density banding used in the southern Vancouver Island models is replaced with a single high density unit on the northernmost line.Science, Faculty of
Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of
Graduate
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Somasiri, Nalinda Prasad. "Advanced electromagnetic modelling of multilayer monolithic microwave integrated circuits." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.406933.
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Hutchins, Michael George. "Upland catchment hydrochemistry : an integrated modelling and field characterisation." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338847.
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Pinisetti, Moe. "Integrated numerical well test modelling in braided fluvial reservoirs." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/609.
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Campos, Maria Luiza Machado. "A data modelling architecture for integrated schema and data." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332834.
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Johnson, Simon. "Modelling and analysis of failures in CMOS integrated cirucuits." Thesis, Durham University, 1993. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1562/.
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Leddy, Jarrod. "Integrated modelling of tokamak core and edge plasma turbulence." Thesis, University of York, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/13207/.
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The accurate prediction of turbulent transport and its effect on tokamak operation is vital for the performance and development of operational scenarios for present and future fusion devices. For problems of this complexity, a common approach is integrated modelling where multiple, well-benchmarked codes are coupled together to form a code that covers a larger domain and range of physics than each of the constituents. The main goal of this work is to develop such a code that integrates core and edge physics for long-time simulation of the tokamak plasma. Three questions are addressed that contribute to the ultimate end goal of this core/edge coupling, each of which spans a chapter. Firstly, the choice of model for edge and core must be fluid for the time scales of interest, but the validity of a common further simplification to the physics models (i.e. the drift-reduction) is explored for regions of interest within a tokamak. Secondly, maintaining a high computational efficiency in such integrated frameworks is challenging, and increasing this while maintaining accurate simulations is important. The use of sub-grid dissipation models is ubiquitous and useful, so the accuracy of such models is explored. Thirdly, the challenging geometry of a tokamak necessitates the use of a field-aligned coordinate system in the edge plasma, which has limitations. A new coordinate system is developed and tested to improve upon the standard system and remove some of its constraints. Finally, the investigation of these topics culminates in the coupling of an edge and core code (BOUT++ and CENTORI, respectively) to produce a novel, three-dimensional, two-fluid plasma turbulence simulation.
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Ledergerber, Julia Margrit. "Modelling of suspended solids in integrated urban wastewater systems." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/40139.
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Les avantages de la gestion intégrée de l'eau sont connus depuis des années, mais ces approches sont devenues plus importantes que jamais. Cela est reconnu dans l'objectif 6 des 17 objectifs de développement durable des Nations Unies. En ciblant à la fois l'eau potable et l'assainissement, cet objectif demande une approche intégrée car il reconnaît leur interdépendance. Cette thèse vise à faire progresser le domaine de la modélisation intégrée de l'eau, et en particulier en ce qui concerne les matières en suspension. Les émissions globales de l'assainissement ont gagné en intérêt puisque les normes de qualité de l'eau sont étendues de la station de récupération des ressources de l'eau au réseau d'égout. La modélisation intégrée permet d'évaluer les interactions et d'estimer les émissions en plus des mesures de la qualité de l'eau (encore) rares. Les particules peuvent être considérées comme un indicateur de la qualité de l'eau couvrant la pollution particulaire, mais aussi les matières organiques, les nutriments et les substances telles que les micro-polluants hydrophobes. L'approche de modélisation choisie est conceptuelle, pour ses calculs rapides, et basée sur la distribution de la vitesse de décantation des particules, partout où la décantation et la remise en suspension sont les processus caractéristiques. L'approche est complétée par d'autres modèles pour couvrir le système du bassin versant jusqu'à la station de récupération des ressources de l'eau. Un modèle intégré nécessite de nombreuses données. Pour une collecte de données efficace, premièrement, une procédure est établie pour construire un modèle conceptuel d'égout à partir d'un modèle hydraulique détaillé. Deuxièmement, une méthodologie de conception expérimentale optimale est adaptée à l'environnement complexe des égouts pour une campagne de mesure de la qualité de l'eau. L'utilité de l'approche de la distribution de la vitesse de décantation des particules est ensuite démontrée en calibrant et en validant le modèle pour une site pilote. Une procédure est élaborée pour tenir compte de l'incertitude des paramètres et de la variabilité des données d'entrée an d'identifier des points de contrôle ables. La procédure est utilisée pour la réduction d'émission des particules, facilitée par le calcul rapide du modèle car plusieurs analyses de sensibilité sont demandées. Le dernier chapitre termine la thèse par l'évaluation pratique des stratégies visant à réduire les émissions globales. La thèse fait ainsi progresser le domaine de la modélisation intégrée des particules et fournit en même temps des procédures qui permettent de surmonter les obstacles généraux à la modélisation en mettant l'accent sur la collecte de données fiables et efficaces, la modélisation ainsi que l'optimisation.The advantages of integrated water management have been known for decades, but are more than ever important. This is acknowledged in goal six of the 17 sustainable development goals of the United Nations. By targeting both clean water as well as sanitation, this goal is inherently asking for an integrated approach since it recognizes their interdependence. This dissertation aims at advancing the eld of integrated water systems modelling in general, and in particular with respect to suspended solids. Overall emissions from the integratedurban wastewater system have gained interest since water quality standards are increasing lyextended from the water resource recovery facility to the sewer system. Integrated modelling allows evaluating interactions and estimating overall emissions complementary to the not (yet) abundant water quality measurements. For this evaluation suspended solids can be seen asan indicator for the receiving water quality covering particulate pollution as such, but also undesired organic matter, nutrients and substances such as hydrophobic micropollutants. The modelling approach chosen is conceptual, due to its rapid calculations, and based on the particle settling velocity distribution wherever settling and resuspension are the characteristic processes of suspended solids. The approach is extended with complementary models to coverthe integrated system from the catchment down to the water resource recovery facility. The development of an integrated model however requires vast data sets. First, for efficient data collection a procedure is established to build a fast conceptual sewer model from its detailed hydraulic counter part. Second, an optimal experimental design methodology is adapted to the challenging sewer environment for the efficient planning of a water quality measurement campaign. The usability of the particle settling velocity approach is then shown by calibrating and validating the model for a case study. A procedure is developed to consider parameter uncertainty and input variability to identify reliable control handles. The procedure is appliedfor the abatement of total suspended solid, facilitated by the comparably low computational demand of the model, as the procedure asks for multiple global sensitivity analyses. The last chapter closes the dissertation with the practical application of evaluating different strategies to reduce the total suspended emissions to the receiving water. The dissertation thus advances the eld of integrated modelling for particulates and at the same time provides procedures which overcome barriers general to modelling focusing on reliable and efficient data collection,as well as optimization.
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Long, Jianghua. "Computer-integrated information modelling for design of building structures /." View abstract or full-text, 2004. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CIVL%202004%20LONG.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 223-232). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
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Johnson, Sandra. "Integrated Bayesian network frameworks for modelling complex ecological issues." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2009. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/32002/1/Sandra_Johnson_Thesis.pdf.
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Ecological problems are typically multi faceted and need to be addressed from a scientific and a management perspective. There is a wealth of modelling and simulation software available, each designed to address a particular aspect of the issue of concern. Choosing the appropriate tool, making sense of the disparate outputs, and taking decisions when little or no empirical data is available, are everyday challenges facing the ecologist and environmental manager.
Bayesian Networks provide a statistical modelling framework that enables analysis and integration of information in its own right as well as integration of a variety of models addressing different aspects of a common overall problem. There has been increased interest in the use of BNs to model environmental systems and issues of concern. However, the development of more sophisticated BNs, utilising dynamic and object oriented (OO) features, is still at the frontier of ecological research. Such features are particularly appealing in an ecological context, since the underlying facts are often spatial and temporal in nature.
This thesis focuses on an integrated BN approach which facilitates OO modelling. Our research devises a new heuristic method, the Iterative Bayesian Network Development Cycle (IBNDC), for the development of BN models within a multi-field and multi-expert context. Expert elicitation is a popular method used to quantify BNs when data is sparse, but expert knowledge is abundant. The resulting BNs need to be substantiated and validated taking this uncertainty into account. Our research demonstrates the application of the IBNDC approach to support these aspects of BN modelling.
The complex nature of environmental issues makes them ideal case studies for the proposed integrated approach to modelling. Moreover, they lend themselves to a series of integrated sub-networks describing different scientific components, combining scientific and management perspectives, or pooling similar contributions developed in different locations by different research groups.
In southern Africa the two largest free-ranging cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) populations are in Namibia and Botswana, where the majority of cheetahs are located outside protected areas. Consequently, cheetah conservation in these two countries is focussed primarily on the free-ranging populations as well as the mitigation of conflict between humans and cheetahs. In contrast, in neighbouring South Africa, the majority of cheetahs are found in fenced reserves. Nonetheless, conflict between humans and cheetahs remains an issue here. Conservation effort in South Africa is also focussed on managing the geographically isolated cheetah populations as one large meta-population. Relocation is one option among a suite of tools used to resolve human-cheetah conflict in southern Africa. Successfully relocating captured problem cheetahs, and maintaining a viable free-ranging cheetah population, are two environmental issues in cheetah conservation forming the first case study in this thesis.
The second case study involves the initiation of blooms of Lyngbya majuscula, a blue-green algae, in Deception Bay, Australia. L. majuscula is a toxic algal bloom which has severe health, ecological and economic impacts on the community located in the vicinity of this algal bloom. Deception Bay is an important tourist destination with its proximity to Brisbane, Australia’s third largest city. Lyngbya is one of several algae considered to be a Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB). This group of algae includes other widespread blooms such as red tides. The occurrence of Lyngbya blooms is not a local phenomenon, but blooms of this toxic weed occur in coastal waters worldwide. With the increase in frequency and extent of these HAB blooms, it is important to gain a better understanding of the underlying factors contributing to the initiation and sustenance of these blooms. This knowledge will contribute to better management practices and the identification of those management actions which could prevent or diminish the severity of these blooms.
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Sutton, T. P. "Integrated species distribution modelling system : a user friendly front end to the GARP modelling toolkit." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53748.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: At a social, ecological and biological level it is important tha t we gain a better understanding of species distribution and the constraints to species distribution. Various modelling tools and approaches are available to provide this type of functionality. The GARP (Genetic Algorithm for Rule set Production) Modelling System (GMS) was selected because of its strong predictive modelling abilities and its ability to represent the results of model iterations in both a tabular and cartographic manner. A shortcoming in this system was identified in tha t it requires strong information technology skills in order to carry out the modelling process. This can be attributed to the lack of a user-friendly interface to the system. In order to address this a loosely coupled system was developed that provides an easy to use web-based front end to the GMS. This Integrated Modelling System extends the core functionality of the GMS by providing a system that provides detailed history for each analysis, allows fine tuning of the modelling process, integrates directly with a biodiversity database containing specimen observations, and provides a simple ‘wizard’ interface to the modelling process.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Van ’n sosiale, ekologiese en biologiese standpunt is dit belangrik dat ons spesies verspreiding en die beperkings daarvan verstaan. ’n Verskeidenheid sagteware pakkette en metodologiee is beskikbaar om spesies verspreiding te modelleer. Die GARP (Genetic Algorithm for Rule set Production) sagteware was gebruik vir sy sterk voorspellingsvermoe, en sy kapasiteit vir kartografiese en tubulere tentoonstelling van model resultate. ’n Tekortkoming met hierdie stelsel was gei'dentifiseer - dit is nie gebruikersvriendelik nie en gebruikers het sterk informasie tegnologie vermoens nodig. Om hierdie tekortkominge aan te spreek was ’n sagteware program ontwerp wat van GARP gebruik maak deur middel van ’n webblaaier. Hierdie ge'integreerde stelsel bou op die basiese funksionaliteit van GARP om ’n werk omgewing te skep wat ’n gedetailleerde geskiedenis van elke model stoor, fyn beheer oor die model toelaat, direk met ’n bio diver siteits databasis koppel, en van ’n eenvoudige ’wizard’ stelsel gebruik maak om gebruikers opsies te bepaal.
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Ejikeme-Ugwu, Edith. "Planning for the integrated refinery subsystems." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2012. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/7898.
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In global energy and industrial market, petroleum refining industry accounts for a major share. Through proper planning and the use of adequate mathematical models for the different processing units, many profit improving opportunities can be realized. The increasing crude oil price has also made refining of crude oil blends to be a common practice. This thesis aims to provide useful insight for planning of the integrated refinery subsystems. The main subsystems referred to are (1) The crude oil unloading subsystem (2) The production and product blending subsystem and (3) The product distribution subsystem.
Aspen HYSYS® was first used to develop a rigorous model for crude distillation unit (CDU) and vacuum distillation unit (VDU). The rigorous model was validated with pilot plant data from literature. The information obtained from the rigorous model is further used to develop a model for planning of the CDU and VDU. This was combined with models (obtained from empirical correlations) for fluid catalytic cracker (FCC) and hydrotreater (HDT) units to form a mathematical programming planning model used for refinery production and product blending subsystem planning. Since two different types of crude were considered, the optimum volumetric mixing ratio, the sulphur content at that mixing ratio and the CDU flow rate were determined.
The yields fraction obtained from the rigorous model were then used to generate regression model using least square method. The sulphur composition of the crude oil was used as independent variable in the regression model. The generated regression models were then used to replace the regular fixed yield approach in a refinery planning model and the results compared. From the results obtained, the proposed method provided an alternative and convenient means for estimating yields from CDU and VDU than the regular fixed yield approach.
The proposed aggregate model for the production and products blending subsystem was integrated with the modified scheduling model for the crude unloading subsystem developed by Lee et al. (1996) and products distribution model developed by Alabi and Castro (2009) for refinery planning. It was found that the regression model could be integrated in a refinery planning model and that the CDU flow rate was maximised as compared to the non- integrated system.
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Manning, R. L. "Investigation of an iterative method for performing circuit simulation at electrical level on a multiprocessor system." Thesis, Brunel University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375489.
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Crone, Simon Michael Dalrymple. "Seeing the light: an integrated design approach for Australian conditions." Thesis, Curtin University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2091.
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The field of lighting design is a highly specialised one. The control and manipulation of both natural and artificial light is a difficult aspect of building design. Proficient architects, interior designers and engineers must currently draw on their own experience and resources to evaluate their lighting designs. However, most often lighting design is overlooked and not fully understood by building designers. Those lighting designers that do have a good understanding of lighting are hampered by current conventional design methods when dealing with alternative and creative lighting designs. This is especially the case when dealing with natural daylight which tends to be under utilised, particularly in climatic areas that differ greatly from the European standard daylight design skies.There is clearly a need for a tool that enables building designers to quickly and accurately evaluate their use of localised natural light and specific artificial light in their building designs.The recent development of accurate, physically based computer models and the resulting photo realistic computer rendered images, can provide the basis of a platform for lighting designers to visualise their lighting designs. Such lighting platform enables designers to make more informed design decisions when looking at new approaches and unusual situations.The aim of this thesis is to explore and formulate a working example of such a lighting design platform, where by designers can easily evaluate lighting and daylighting designs based upon real world lighting and localised atmospheric conditions.The designer is presented with an easy to use graphical user interface, that is able to produce a photometrically accurate photo realistic computer image.This platform was achieved through the development of three key areas. The first was the creation of a process of integrating a specific physical based rendering program, RADIANCE (Ward 1996)into an existing three dimensional computer aided design modelling package. The second area consisted of creating a localised daylight model suitable to improve the accuracy of the physical based renderer when dealing with specific local atmospheric conditions. This daylight model was based on Kittlers' sky irradiance model (Kittler 1982a). The final area was the development of a graphical user interface that provides an easy to use, front end to the lighting design platform.The results of this thesis exist in a working suite of programs and graphical user interfaces where local daylight and atmospheric condition can be specified and a photo realistic image of a design produced. The success of this platform can be demonstrated by the quality of the images that are produced. A designer can begin to use the interface with ease after very little instruction and thus start to quickly evaluate their design in terms of lighting manipulation and control. This ability to visualise and assess lighting and its effects, both natural daylight and artificial, will inevitably lead to a higher quality of successful building designs.
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Jamadagni, Navaneeth Prasannakumar. "3-D modelling of IC interconnect using OpenAccess and Art of Illusion." PDXScholar, 2010. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/28.
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In search of higher speed and integration, the integrated circuit (IC) technology is scaling down. The total on-chip interconnect length is increasing exponentially. In fact, interconnect takes up the most part of the total chip area. The parasitics associated with these interconnect have significant impact on the circuit performance. Some of the effects of parasitics include cross talk, voltage drop and high current density. These issues can result in cross-talk induced functional failure and failures due to IR drop and electro-migration. This has resulted in interconnect- driven design trend in state-of-the-art integrated circuits. Reliability analysis, that includes simulating the effects of parasitics for voltage drop, current density, has become one of the most important steps in the VLSI design flow. Most of the CAD/EDA tools available, map these analysis results two dimensionally. Al- though this helps the designer, providing a three dimensional view of these results is highly desirable when dealing with complex circuits. In pursuit of visualizing reliability analysis results three dimensionally, as a first step, this work presents a tool that can visualize IC interconnect three di- mensionally. Throughout the course of this research open source tools were used to achieve the objective. In this work the circuit layout is stored as an OpenAc- cess database. A C++ program reads the design information using OpenAccess API and converts it to the .OBJ file format. Art of Illusion, an open source 3D modeling and rendering tool, reads this .OBJ file and models the IC interconnect three-dimensionally. In addition, Eclipse, an open source java IDE is used as a development platform. The tool presented has the capability to zoom in, zoom out and pan in real time.
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Varsamidis, Thomas. "Object-oriented information modelling for computer-aided control engineering." Thesis, Bangor University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245177.
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Kandamby, Naminda Harisinghe. "Mathematical modelling of gasifier fuelled gas turbine combustors." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267305.
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Li, Man. "Colored generalized Stochastic Petri Nets for integrated systems protocol modelling." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5138.
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Davies, Martin Noel. "An integrated approach to modelling office processes in corporate systems." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389863.
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