Journal articles: 'Integration SPC and EPC'

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Shao, Yuehjen E. "Recognition of Process Disturbances for an SPC/EPC Stochastic System Using Support Vector Machine and Artificial Neural Network Approaches." Abstract and Applied Analysis 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/519705.

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Because of the excellent performance on monitoring and controlling an autocorrelated process, the integration of statistical process control (SPC) and engineering process control (EPC) has drawn considerable attention in recent years. Both theoretical and empirical findings have suggested that the integration of SPC and EPC can be an effective way to improve the quality of a process, especially when the underlying process is autocorrelated. However, because EPC compensates for the effects of underlying disturbances, the disturbance patterns are embedded and hard to be recognized. Effective recognition of disturbance patterns is a very important issue for process improvement since disturbance patterns would be associated with certain assignable causes which affect the process. In practical situations, after compensating by EPC, the underlying disturbance patterns could be of any mixture types which are totally different from the original patterns. This study proposes the integration of support vector machine (SVM) and artificial neural network (ANN) approaches to recognize the disturbance patterns of the underlying disturbances. Experimental results revealed that the proposed schemes are able to effectively recognize various disturbance patterns of an SPC/EPC system.

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Wang, Xiu Hong. "Research on Process Monitoring and Adjusting Methods." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 2513–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.2513.

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Special reason and common reason bring on the process disturbance. Statistical process control (SPC) is commonly used to monitor the process disturbance which arises from assignable reason. Engineering process control (EPC) compensates the deviation of output for common reason based on the feedback adjustment principle. Therefore, integrated SPC/EPC approach has better performance than that merely using SPC or EPC. However, in practice, it is very hard to search the appropriate method to apply for integration of SPC/EPC. The main reason is that EPC’s compensation has depressed probability which assignable reason is monitored by control chart. In this paper, a joint-monitoring method is designed to account for the above problems through detecting process output as well as monitoring process input. An example is given to prove that joint-monitoring can detect the process disturbance more quickly and more accurately.

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Shao, Yuehjen E., Po-Yu Chang, and Chi-Jie Lu. "Applying Two-Stage Neural Network Based Classifiers to the Identification of Mixture Control Chart Patterns for an SPC-EPC Process." Complexity 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2323082.

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The effective controlling and monitoring of an industrial process through the integration of statistical process control (SPC) and engineering process control (EPC) has been widely addressed in recent years. However, because the mixture types of disturbances are often embedded in underlying processes, mixture control chart patterns (MCCPs) are very difficult for an SPC-EPC process to identify. This can result in problems when attempting to determine the underlying root causes of process faults. Additionally, a large number of categories of disturbances may be present in a process, but typical single-stage classifiers have difficulty in identifying large numbers of categories of disturbances in an SPC-EPC process. Therefore, we propose a two-stage neural network (NN) based scheme to enhance the accurate identification rate (AIR) for MCCPs by performing dimension reduction on disturbance categories. The two-stage scheme includes a combination of a NN, support vector machine (SVM), and multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS). Experimental results reveal that the proposed scheme achieves a satisfactory AIR for identifying MCCPs in an SPC-EPC system.

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KEATS, J. BERT, DOUGLAS C. MONTGOMERY, GEORGE C. RUNGER, and WILLIAM S. MESSINA. "FEEDBACK CONTROL AND STATISTICAL PROCESS MONITORING." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 03, no. 03 (September 1996): 231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539396000168.

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In the industrial world, different methodologies have been applied to reduce variability. Engineers whose training is in the quality assurance sciences have frequently used statistical process control (SPC) whereas engineers whose background includes control theory have employed engineering process control (EPC), often in the form of feedback control. SPC is usually applied to processes that vary about a fixed mean, with successive observations viewed as statistically independent. EPC is usually applied to processes in which successive observations are related over time, and where the mean drifts dynamically. The objective of SPC is to reduce variability by the elimination of assignable causes that shift the mean off-target, while EPC continuously adjusts manipulatable variables in the process to keep the mean on target. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of integrating SPC with feedback control for three commonly encountered schemes: Integral Control, Proportional-Integral Control, and Proportional-Integral-Differential Control. A simulation study demonstrates that the combined EPC/SPC scheme significantly reduces overall variability in comparison to feedback control alone when assignable causes are present.

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Huang, Chung-Hsing, and Yi-Ni Lin. "Decision rule of assignable causes removal under an SPC-EPC integration system." International Journal of Systems Science 33, no. 10 (January 2002): 855–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207720210167005.

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Jiang, Wei, and John V. Farr. "Integrating SPC and EPC Methods for Quality Improvement." Quality Technology & Quantitative Management 4, no. 3 (January 2007): 345–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16843703.2007.11673156.

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Jiang, Zhong Qiu. "The Intelligent Quality Control Technology System Based on the Integration Methods of SPC and EPC." Applied Mechanics and Materials 263-266 (December 2012): 839–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.263-266.839.

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SPC (statistical process control) and EPC (engineering process control) is the scientific methods of quality quality control and quality improvement. It is the difficult problems of quality control process for network manufacturing enterprise how to effectively solve the dynamic quality fluctuation monitoring and the fluctuation abnormal diagnostic analysis and timely process adjustments, this paper designs the intelligent quality control mode and function system architecture, the modes expatiates quality management network based on quality control network of the workshop level and enterprise class network, and researches the integration applications of statistical process control and enterprise ERP quality system, and applies J2EE technology to achieve the system organic combination of design and development.

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Hu, Yaoguang, and Xi Cheng. "A Quality Control Approach of PVC Gloves Based on the Integration of SPC and EPC." Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods 41, no. 24 (December 15, 2012): 4470–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610926.2012.728276.

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Göb, Rainer, Enrique Del Castillo, and Klaus Dräger. "Run length analysis of Shewhart charts applied to drifting processes under an integrative SPC/EPC model." Metrika 50, no. 2 (December 1999): 0137–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001840050041.

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Levine, Oren Hannun, Daryl Bainbridge, Gregory Russell Pond, Marissa Slaven, Sukhbinder K. Dhesy-Thind, Jonathan Sussman, and Ralph M. Meyer. "The ESCAPADE Study: Early supportive care for advanced cancer patients, assessing care delivery and provider engagement." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): e23142-e23142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e23142.

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e23142 Background: Advanced cancer patients benefit from early integration of palliative care (EIPC) with usual care. A proposed model of EIPC reserves specialized palliative care (SPC) for complex patients, while primary care providers (PCP) and oncologists oversee basic palliative care (PC). We studied the attitudes among patients and their healthcare providers regarding delivery of EIPC. Methods: A cross-sectional study at a tertiary cancer centre in Ontario. Patients with newly diagnosed incurable gastrointestinal (GI) cancer were surveyed using a study specific instrument for the outcomes of interest: importance of and preferences for accessing support across 8 domains of PC (disease management, physical, psychological, social, spiritual, practical, end of life care, loss and grief). Healthcare providers within the circle of care completed a parallel survey for each recruited patient. Primary analysis involved use of descriptive statistics to summarize survey results and concordance between patient and provider responses. Results: From Oct 2017 - Nov 2018, 67 patients were surveyed (median age 69, 34% female). 90% had an identified medical oncologist, and 19% had SPC. 97% had a PCP, but only 42% listed a PCP as part of the care team. Median time from first oncology assessment for advanced cancer to patient survey completion was 52.5 days. 85 providers responded (oncologist = 59, PCP = 20, SPC = 6; response rate 92%; 1-3 physician responses per patient). Disease management and physical concerns were most important to patients. In these domains, 67% and 81% of patients endorsed receiving care from the preferred provider, but concordance between patient and physician responses regarding most responsible provider was only 58% and 38%. For all other domains, 87 – 100% of patients attributed primary responsibility to self or family rather than any healthcare provider. Conclusions: Respondents did not assign responsibility to physicians early in the disease trajectory for many domains of PC. Our findings suggest that incorporating patient activation and empowerment into EIPC requires further study. PCPs appeared to have limited involvement in PC for newly diagnosed advanced GI cancer patients.

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Westerweel, Peter E., Imo E. Hoefer, Peter J. Blankestijn, Petra de Bree, Dafna Groeneveld, Olivia van Oostrom, Branko Braam, Hein A. Koomans, and Marianne C. Verhaar. "End-stage renal disease causes an imbalance between endothelial and smooth muscle progenitor cells." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 292, no. 4 (April 2007): F1132—F1140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00163.2006.

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Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) contribute to vascular regeneration and repair, thereby protecting against CVD. However, circulating smooth muscle progenitor cells (SPC) may contribute to adverse vascular remodeling. We hypothesized that an imbalance occurs between EPC and SPC in ESRD patients and sampled progenitor cells from 45 ESRD patients receiving regular treatment. Our study is the first to show reduced numbers of CD34+KDR+ hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-derived EPC (type I EPC). Furthermore, monocyte-derived EPC cultured from mononuclear cells (type II EPC) were reduced in number and had a reduced capacity to stimulate endothelial cell angiogenesis. In contrast, SPC outgrowth was unaffected. In vitro incubation with uremic serum impaired type II EPC outgrowth from healthy donor mononuclear cells and did not influence SPC outgrowth. The hemodialysis procedure itself induced HSC apoptosis and caused an acute depletion of circulating EPC. Taken together, the decreased number and impaired function of EPC are compatible with impaired endogenous vascular repair in hemodialysis patients, whereas the unaffected SPC numbers suggest that the potential of progenitor cells to contribute to adverse remodeling is retained. This EPC-SPC imbalance may contribute to the acceleration of CVD in ESRD patients and could offer novel therapeutic targets.

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Shao, Yuehjen E., George C. Runger, Jorge Haddock, and W. A. Wallace. "Adaptive controllers to integrate spc and epc." Communications in Algebra 28, no. 1 (1999): 13–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00927879908826825.

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Shao, Yuehjen E., George C. Runger, Jorge Haddock, and W. A. Wallace. "Adaptive controllers to integrate SPC and EPC." Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation 28, no. 1 (January 1999): 13–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610919908813533.

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TSUNG, FUGEE. "A NOTE ON STATISTICAL MONITORING OF ENGINEERING CONTROLLED PROCESSES." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 08, no. 01 (March 2001): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539301000323.

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The importance of Statistical Process Control (SPC), also called Statistical Process Monitoring (SPM) techniques, for quality improvement is well-recognized in industry. With advances in sensing and data collection technology, large volumes of data are being routinely collected under Engineering Process Control (EPC) or Automatic Process Control (APC). There is a great need for SPC for variation reduction and quality improvement in these environments. This research studies the statistical properties of monitoring the process output and the control action of EPC controlled processes. Several statistical monitoring strategies are introduced and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed.

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Janakiram, Mani, and J. Bert Keats. "Combining SPC and EPC in a Hybrid Industry." Journal of Quality Technology 30, no. 3 (July 1998): 189–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224065.1998.11979848.

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16

Lu, C. J., C. M. Wu, C. J. Keng, and C. C. Chiu. "Integrated Application of SPC/EPC/ICA and neural networks." International Journal of Production Research 46, no. 4 (February 15, 2008): 873–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207540600943969.

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17

Wang Xiuhong. "Method Study of Monitoring Process Disturbance Based on Integrated SPC/EPC." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON Advances in Information Sciences and Service Sciences 5, no. 5 (March 15, 2013): 345–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4156/aiss.vol5.issue5.40.

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Low, Chin-Yao, Fong-Jung Yu, and Chun-Ju Yang. "CONTROL CHARTS EVALUATION AND SELECTION UNDER INTEGRATED EPC AND SPC ENVIRONMENT." Journal of the Chinese Institute of Industrial Engineers 18, no. 6 (January 2001): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10170660109509469.

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Yang, Ling, and Shey-Huei Sheu. "Economic design of the integrated multivariate EPC and multivariate SPC charts." Quality and Reliability Engineering International 23, no. 2 (2007): 203–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qre.785.

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Feng, Jia, and Ping Yu Jiang. "Quality Diagnosis and Error Compensation Based on Integrated SPC/EPC in MMPs." Advanced Materials Research 314-316 (August 2011): 415–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.314-316.415.

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In the multistage machining processes (MMPs), SPC is widely utilized to control the quality of machining processes and diagnose the processing error. But there is a defect, that it can not compensate the error when the machining process is abnormal. For this issue, a new method of quality diagnosis and error compensation is proposed based on EPC (engineering process control). A new framework for processes quality diagnosis and error compensation about the description of machining processes and controlling mechanism of machining process quality is proposed first. And the mapping model of machining error propagation is introduced to explore the model of the error compensation decision. From theoretical level, modeling level and solution level, the mapping model from the decision model based on EPC to SPC is studied, in which the key technologies are the machining error propagation model and the error compensation model. Therefore, the machining error propagation network is utilized to build the error propagation model, and an adaptive control method based on the stability theory is introduced to make error coordination optimization.

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Dr. Naaz Gorowara, Sachin Mittal,. "Knowledge Integration in Engineering, Procurement and Construction Projects: A Conceptual Study." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 1 (January 20, 2021): 5733–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.2209.

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EPC is a contractual arrangement in which the responsibility related to engineering services, procurement of raw materials, and construction lie with the contractor. Solar plants, infrastructure projects are some of the examples of EPC projects. With the need of rapid infrastructural development in developing countries like India needs scientific and better management strategies for the EPC projects.EPC projects are diverse requiring proper integration of knowledge of different fields of management and engineering.It is an accepted fact that when any term is understood conceptually it lasts long and is easier to integrate with other concepts.The workforce involved in the projects can share their knowledge with future projects which would lead to better knowledge integration. The problems of the EPC projects is unique therefore knowledge integration and better management strategies will go a long way in enhancing the efficiency of EPC projects. Thefocus of the paper is to identify the nature of EPC projects and understand conceptually the management strategies which can be used in the EPC projects for increasing the performance.The study is important for developing countries like India where EPC projects are gaining increased popularity. Keywords: EPC Projects, Management Strategies, knowledge integration.

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Shao, Yuehjen E., and Yu-Ting Hu. "Using Machine Learning Classifiers to Recognize the Mixture Control Chart Patterns for a Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Process." Mathematics 8, no. 1 (January 7, 2020): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8010102.

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A statistical process control (SPC) chart is one of the most important techniques for monitoring a process. Typically, a certain root cause or a disturbance in a process would result in the presence of a systematic control chart pattern (CCP). Consequently, the effective recognition of CCPs has received considerable attention in recent years for their potential use in improving process quality. However, most studies have focused on the recognition of CCPs for SPC applications alone. Specifically, even though numerous studies have addressed the increased use of the SPC and engineering process control (EPC) mechanisms, very little research has discussed the recognition of CCPs for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. It is much more difficult to recognize the CCPs of an MIMO system since two or more disturbances are simultaneously involved in the process. The purpose of this study is thus to propose several machine learning (ML) classifiers to overcome the difficulties in recognizing CCPs in MIMO systems. Because of their efficient and fast algorithms and effective classification performance, the considered ML classifiers include an artificial neural network (ANN), support vector machine (SVM), extreme learning machine (ELM), and multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS). Furthermore, one problem may arise due to the existence of embedded mixture CCPs (MCCPs) in MIMO systems. In contrast to using typical process outputs alone in a classifier, this study employs both process outputs and EPC compensation to ensure the effectiveness of CCP recognition. Experimental results reveal that the proposed classifiers are able to effectively recognize MCCPs for MIMO systems.

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Zhang, Jian Wei, Feng Shan Wang, Ru Shan Zhou, and Bin Liu. "Purchase Research on Supply Chain for EPC Project." Advanced Materials Research 779-780 (September 2013): 1762–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.779-780.1762.

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Procurement decides the quality of materials supply in the process of engineering development and it is the important link in EPC project. This paper shows the advantages of supply chain procurement through comparing and revealing the connotation and characteristics of supply chain procurement in EPC project. Moreover, making an integration and reconstruction of every part of EPC project procurement through adding supply management mode and building supply chain procurement management mode of EPC project which is proper for now and future development, there will be the significance for the practice of EPC project procurement management. Keywords: EPC Project; Comparative Analysis; Supply Chain Management; Integration and Reconstruction; Supply Chain Procurement Management Mode

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John, Boby, and Shreya Singhal. "An application of integrated EPC–SPC methodology for simultaneously monitoring multiple output characteristics." International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management 36, no. 5 (May 7, 2019): 669–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqrm-04-2018-0104.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop an integrated engineering process control (EPC)–statistical process control (SPC) methodology for simultaneously monitoring and controlling autocorrelated multiple responses, namely, brightness and viscosity of the pulp bleaching process. Design/methodology/approach The pulp bleaching is a process of separating cellulose from impurities present in cooked wood chips through chemical treatment. More chemical dosage or process adjustments may result in better brightness but adversely affect viscosity. Hence, the optimum chemical dosage that would simultaneously minimize the deviation of pulp brightness and viscosity from their respective targets needs to be determined. Since the responses are autocorrelated, dynamic regression is used to model the responses. Then, the optimum chemical dosage that would simultaneously optimize the pulp brightness and viscosity is determined by fuzzy optimization methodology. Findings The suggested methodology is validated in 12 cases. The validation results showed that the optimum dosage simultaneously minimized the variation in brightness and viscosity around their respective targets. Moreover, suggested solution has been found to be superior to the one obtained by optimizing the responses independently. Practical implications This study provides valuable information on how to identify the optimum process adjustments to simultaneously ensure autocorrelated multiple responses on or close to their respective targets. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first to provide application of the integrated EPC–SPC methodology for simultaneously monitoring multiple responses. The study also demonstrates the application of dynamic regression to model autocorrelated responses.

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Shao, Yuehjen E., and Chih-Chou Chiu. "Developing identification techniques with the integrated use of SPC/EPC and neural networks." Quality and Reliability Engineering International 15, no. 4 (July 1999): 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1638(199907/08)15:4<287::aid-qre251>3.0.co;2-5.

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Shao, Y. Eric. "The identification techniques that result from using an integrated spc-epc control system." Journal of the Chinese Institute of Industrial Engineers 15, no. 2 (March 1998): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10170669.1998.10432958.

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Jäger, Eva Maria, Martin Filipits, Anna Glechner, Elisabeth Zwickl-Traxler, Gabriele Schmoranzer, Martin Pecherstorfer, and Gudrun Kreye. "Retrospective analysis of the prevalence of specialised palliative care services for patients with metastatic breast cancer." ESMO Open 5, no. 5 (September 2020): e000905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/esmoopen-2020-000905.

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BackgroundPatients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) have a considerable symptom burden and may require extensive care for a long period of time. Palliative care (PC) has the potential to improve their quality of care and reduce their use of medical services. However, the role of specialised PC (SPC) in patients with MBC remains unclear.Patients and methodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of the medical records of patients diagnosed with breast cancer (BC) from 2008 to 2018 at an university-based referral centre to examine the extent of early and late integration of SPC services for patients with MBC. A descriptive analysis of the patients was also established.ResultsIn all, 932 patients were diagnosed with BC from 2008 to 2018; 225 of these patients had or developed metastases related to their BC. In addition, 132 patients received SPC (58.7%) and 93 patients did not receive SPC (41.3%). The median probability of overall survival (OS) for patients who did not receive SPC services was 3.6 years (95% CI 2.0 to 5.1) and 1.8 years (95% CI 1.3 to 2.3) (p<0.0001) for patients who did receive SPC. In multivariate analysis, referral to SPC services was independently associated with OS (HR 1.60, 95% CI 1.16 to 2.22, p=0.004).ConclusionPatients who received SPC lived significantly shorter amounts of time than patients not referred for SPC services at our hospital. We concluded that the referral to SPC services was often too late and should be implemented earlier in the course of the disease. We suggest that patients with MBC should participate in a consultation by a SPC team ≤60 days after the start of systemic palliative anticancer therapy in addition to endocrine treatment. Larger prospective studies are needed to evaluate the benefit of the early integration of SPC services for patients with MBC.

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Thi Nguyen, Hang Thuy. "A Historical Review of the Nixon Administration and European Political Cooperation." Slovak Journal of Political Sciences 16, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 20–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sjps-2016-0002.

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Abstract With a historical approach, this paper examines the Nixon administration’s policy and stance towards European Political Cooperation (EPC). In December 1969, at The Hague Summit the leaders of the European Community expressed their determination for deepening European integration. The final communiqué of The Hague Summit stressed that the European Community’s desire to achieve EPC and to parallel the European Community’s economic increasing strength with a role to play in the world affairs. With this in mind, the paper will examine the impacts that Nixon administration’s attempts to rebalance U.S. foreign relations reflected in the opening to China and the détente with the Soviet Union had on European political integration. Then, it will be argued that the Nixon administration’s shifting foreign policy priorities can be seen as one of the driving forces of EPC. The paper puts forth that a European Community, whose weight was increased by first its economic integration and then its political cooperation, was seen by the Nixon administration as a challenge to the United States. It is concluded that after a long time of consistently supporting European integration as a means to secure peace and prosperity in Europe, the United States under the Nixon administration had to re-consider its foreign relations and rebalance its focus on the global chessboard. This rebalancing certainly impacted EPC in particular and the European integration process in general.

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Kao, Ling-Jing, and Chih Chou Chiu. "Application of integrated recurrent neural network with multivariate adaptive regression splines on SPC-EPC process." Journal of Manufacturing Systems 57 (October 2020): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmsy.2020.07.020.

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Shao, Yuehjen E., and Chih-Chou Chiu. "Applying emerging soft computing approaches to control chart pattern recognition for an SPC–EPC process." Neurocomputing 201 (August 2016): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2016.04.004.

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Roslan, A. H., S. F. Abd Karim, and N. Hamzah. "Performance analysis of different tuning rules for an isothermal CSTR using integrated EPC and SPC." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 334 (March 2018): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/334/1/012019.

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Nguyen, Thi Thuy Hang. "A Shift in U.S. Foreign Policy under the Nixon Administration and European Political Cooperation: A Historical Analysis." Baltic Journal of European Studies 6, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 157–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bjes-2016-0007.

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AbstractWith a historical approach, this paper examines the Nixon administration’s policy and stance towards the European Political Cooperation (the EPC). In December 1969, at The Hague Summit the leaders of the European Community expressed their determination for deepening European integration. The final communiqué of The Hague Summit stressed the European Community’s desire to achieve the EPC and to parallel the European Community’s increasing economic strength with a role to play in the world affairs. With this in mind, the paper will examine the impacts that Nixon administration’s attempts to rebalance U.S. foreign relations reflected in the opening to China and the détente with the Soviet Union had on the European political integration. Then, it will be argued that the Nixon administration’s shifting of foreign policy priorities can be seen as one of the driving forces of the EPC. The paper puts forth that a European Community, whose weight was increased first by its economic integration and then by its political cooperation, was seen by the Nixon administration as a challenge to the United States. It is concluded that after a long time of consistently supporting European integration as a means to secure peace and prosperity in Europe, the United States under the Nixon administration had to reconsider its foreign relations and rebalance its focus on the global chessboard. This rebalancing certainly impacted the EPC in particular and the European integration process in general.

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Mo, John P. T., Slavica Gajzer, Murray Fane, Gerry Wind, Tania Snioch, Kevin Larnach, Drew Seitam, et al. "Process integration for paperless delivery using EPC compliance technology." Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management 20, no. 6 (July 24, 2009): 866–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17410380910975122.

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Lu, Zhi Jian, and Yuan Xin Sun. "The Research Framework of Sharing Information Platform in Energy Performance Contract." Advanced Materials Research 361-363 (October 2011): 922–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.361-363.922.

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Since the Energy Performance Contract (EPC) includes complex structure, many members and serious asymmetry information, it is reasonably practicable to ensure its efficient and stable operation preconditions to establish information-sharing model. In this paper, we use the way of information flow to research the sharing information model in EPC. The result shows that the bases of sharing information are the set of sharing scope and order splitting. Accordingly, we put forward the sharing information platform of energy service information integration in EPC and constructing tactic.

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Abdollahi, Mostafa, Jose Ignacio Candela, Andres Tarraso, Mohamed Atef Elsaharty, and Elyas Rakhshani. "Electromechanical Design of Synchronous Power Controller in Grid Integration of Renewable Power Converters to Support Dynamic Stability." Energies 14, no. 8 (April 10, 2021): 2115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14082115.

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Nowadays, modern power converters installed in renewable power plants can provide flexible electromechanical characteristics that rely on the developed control technologies such as Synchronous Power Controller (SPC). Since high renewable penetrated power grids result in a low-inertia system, this electromechanical characteristic provides support to the dynamic stability of active power and frequency in the power generation area. This goal can be achieved through the proper tuning of virtual electromechanical parameters that are embedded in the control layers of power converters. In this paper, a novel mathematical pattern and strategy have been proposed to adjust dynamic parameters in Renewable Static Synchronous Generators controlled by SPC (RSSG-SPC). A detailed dynamic modeling was obtained for a feasible design of virtual damping coefficient and virtual moment of inertia in the electrometrical control layer of RSSG-SPC’s power converters. Mathematical solutions, modal analysis outcomes, time-domain simulation results, and real-time validations of the test in IEEE-14B benchmark confirm that the proposed method is an effective procedure for the dynamic design of RSSG-SPC to provide these dynamic stability supports in grid connection.

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Alesi, Erin R., Sherri Rauenzahn, and Laurel Lyckholm. "Palliating oncologists: A pilot study on primary palliative care development in hematology-oncology trainee outpatient clinics." Journal of Clinical Oncology 32, no. 31_suppl (November 1, 2014): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2014.32.31_suppl.21.

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21 Background: Primary Palliative Care (PPC) denotes basic PC competencies; whereas secondary PC (SPC) denotes consultant expertise. PPC competency includes basic symptom assessment/management; fundamental communication skills; and identification of patients for SPC. ASCO recommends early concurrent PC in advanced cancer/high symptom burden as it improves quality of life, symptom management, and care satisfaction. Because PC need exceeds availability of SPC providers, PPC proficiency by oncologists is essential. To enhance Hematology-Oncology (HO) fellows’ clinical experience through more effective PC training/utilization, we piloted an integrated fellows’ pre-clinic conference. Methods: HO fellows’ pre-clinic conferences were divided into intervention and control groups. Over 8 weeks, the PC fellow participated in interdisciplinary discussion for 2 weekly 1-hour conferences. The PC fellow provided PPC education via brief formal and informal didactics and identified patients for SPC referral. All HO fellows were surveyed before and after the intervention to assess comfort level with PPC and SPC referral. The survey used Likert-type scales and short-answer questions. Results: All HO fellows (N=10) voluntarily participated: 6 in the intervention group (IG), and 4 in the control group (CG). The IG demonstrated clearly enhanced comfort level with managing symptoms by improving in 100% of PPC categories after the intervention compared to 27% in the CG. Referral to SPC also increased in the IG, while it decreased in the CG. All HO fellows in the IG liked the PC integration, wanted to continue it, and wanted SPC availability in their future practice. Conclusions: This integration not only enhanced HO fellows’ PPC training and increased referral to SPC; it also fostered a partnership between HO and PC providers early in their careers. Such collaborative efforts are likely to improve long-term comprehensive cancer care as well as patient and provider satisfaction. Further study is merited and should include multiple centers and patient evaluations.

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Ignaszak, Z., and R. Sika. "Specificity of SPC Procedures Application in Foundry in Aspect of Data Acquisition and Data Exploration." Archives of Foundry Engineering 12, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10266-012-0108-8.

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Abstract The paper presents an analysis of SPC (Statistical Process Control) procedures usability in foundry engineering. The authors pay particular attention to the processes complexity and necessity of correct preparation of data acquisition procedures. Integration of SPC systems with existing IT solutions in area of aiding and assistance during the manufacturing process is important. For each particular foundry, methodology of selective SPC application needs to prepare for supervision and control of stability of manufacturing conditions, regarding specificity of data in particular “branches” of foundry production (Sands, Pouring, Metallurgy, Quality).

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Huo, Jinhai, Young-Rock Hong, Kea Turner, Vakaramoko Diaby, Cheng Chen, Jiang Bian, Reetu Grewal, and Diana J. Wilkie. "Timing, Costs, and Survival Outcome of Specialty Palliative Care in Medicare Beneficiaries With Metastatic Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer." JCO Oncology Practice 16, no. 12 (December 2020): e1532-e1542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/op.20.00298.

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PURPOSE: ASCO recommends early integration of palliative care in treating patients diagnosed with metastatic lung cancer. Our study sought to examine utilization of timely specialty palliative care (SPC) and its association with survival and cost outcomes in patients diagnosed with metastatic non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: The 2001-2015 SEER-Medicare data were used to determine the baseline characteristics and outcomes of 79,253 patients with metastatic NSCLC. The predictors of early SPC use were examined using logistic regression. Mean and adjusted total and SPC-related costs were calculated using generalized linear regression. We used Cox regression model to determine the survival outcomes by SPC service settings. All statistical tests were two sided. RESULTS: The time from cancer diagnosis to the first SPC use has reduced significantly, from 13.7 weeks in 2001 to 8.3 weeks in 2015 ( P < .001). SPC use was associated with lower health care costs compared with those who had no SPC, from −$3,180 in 2011 ( P < .001) to −$1,285 in 2015 ( P = .059). Outpatient SPC use was associated with improved survival compared with patients who received SPC in other settings (hazard ratio, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.79 to 0.88; P < .001). CONCLUSION: Patients diagnosed with metastatic NSCLC now have more timely SPC service utilization, which was demonstrated to be a cost-saving treatment. Strategies to improve outpatient palliative care use might be associated with longer survival in patients with metastatic NSCLC.

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Li, Qinglong, Tarun Mudgal, Patricia M. Meller, Seth Slavin, Robert G. Manley, and Karl D. Hirschman. "A Comparative Study on the Activation Behavior of Implanted Boron and Phosphorus for LTPS Using Solid-Phase Crystallization." MRS Proceedings 1426 (2012): 281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2012.1311.

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ABSTRACTThis work presents a study on the activation behavior of high-dose (φ > 1015 cm-2) boron and phosphorus implants for low resistance source and drain regions for thin-film transistors (TFTs) fabricated using solid-phase crystallization (SPC) of amorphous silicon. Process variables include factors associated with ion implant and annealing conditions, as well as the SPC and implant process arrangement. Four-point probe sheet resistance (Rs) measurements were used as a comprehensive assessment of the electrical properties. Results have identified similarities and differences in activation behavior that can influence process integration strategies considering both the SPC approach and TFT fabrication.

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Zhong, Jianlan, Yizhong Ma, and Y. L. Tu. "Integration of SPC and performance maintenance for supply chain system." International Journal of Production Research 54, no. 19 (May 27, 2016): 5932–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2016.1189104.

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Peng, Ying, and Fang Wang. "Research and Implementation of Integration Technology for XML-Based RFID Data." Applied Mechanics and Materials 373-375 (August 2013): 723–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.373-375.723.

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This paper proposes a new integration technology for RFID data by using XML£¬EPC tag and metadatabase. It solves the problem of data storage and sharing between the RFID systems and enterprise applications. And it can be used to achieve integration with other industries heterogeneous systems.

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ARTHUR LIN, Y. "THE INTEGRATION OF SPC WITH AUTOMATIC TEST EQUIPMENTS: A CASE STUDY." Quality Engineering 6, no. 2 (January 1993): 209–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08982119308918720.

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Sarría-Santamera, Antonio, David B. Matchar, Emma V. Westermann-Clark, and Meenal B. Patwardhan. "Evidence-Based Practice Center network and health technology assessment in the United States: Bridging the cultural gap." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 22, no. 1 (January 2006): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462306050811.

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Objectives:The purpose of this study was to identify the Evidence-Based Practice Center (EPC) network participants' perceptions of the characteristics of the EPC process and the relationship of the process to the success of EPC reports.Methods:Semistructured interviews were conducted with the three groups involved in the EPC: EPC staff, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) staff, and representatives of partner organizations.Results:The analysis of the coded transcripts revealed three related major themes, which form the conceptual basis for the interpretation presented here: the definition of a successful report, the determinants of a successful report, and the role of AHRQ in the process.Conclusions:A successful report is a report that is used. The ultimate success of the core health technology assessment objective, moving from research to policy, depends on balancing two values: excellence and relevance. Our findings are consistent with the “two communities thesis,” which postulates the existence of two camps that confer different values to excellence and relevance, with resulting tension. A promising model for approaching this tension is integration or collaboration, which requires linking researchers and policy makers, promoting productive dialogues about the formulation and timing of analysis, and early consideration of how the resulting analysis will be used. This effort suggests that actively blurring the frontiers between these two groups will enhance their interaction. Furthermore, enhancing the role of the AHRQ as scientific broker will maximize the potential of the EPC network.

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Park, Minjae, Mi Lim Lee, and Jinpyo Lee. "Integrated Process Control by Combining Controllers and Monitoring Charts." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 27, no. 04 (December 30, 2019): 2050013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539320500138.

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Integrated processes between automatic process control (APC) and statistical process control (SPC) have been of interest to researchers in the process control area as both are complementary to each other and share the common objective of reduction of process variation. In this paper, a control system with damping property functions is designed as an integral controller and is combined with SPC charts in order to reduce process variability. The proposed controller is compared with other existing and widely-used controllers including minimum mean square error controllers and proportional, integral and derivative controllers under the integration of APC and SPC. The results show that indeed a damping controller with optimum parameters results in a more significant reduction in process variation than the widely-used ones. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed controller.

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Stuart, Brad. "The nature of heart failure as a challenge to the integration of palliative care services." Current Opinion in Supportive and Palliative Care 1, no. 4 (December 2007): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/spc.0b013e3282f283b6.

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Nur Sholeh, Moh, and Shifa Fauziyah. "Current state mapping of the supply chain in engineering procurement construction (EPC) project: a case study." MATEC Web of Conferences 195 (2018): 06015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819506015.

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Engineering Procurement Construction (EPC) is a construction model that integrated the work between engineering, procurement, and construction. The EPC project is usually applied in petroleum work. One of the important aspects of success key in this project is the supply chain management (SCM). The high level of complexity of work as well as the integration of the construction phase needs to be mapped how the supply chain in this project. This paper used Value Stream Mapping (VSM) method to explain the procurement processes for easier understanding and problem identification. It is illustrated in the procurement process behaviour within a specific period from the total production time. This paper describes a case study performed on EPC 1 Banyu Urip Project. VSM presented real-time data to deliver the processes, material, and any other constraint relevant to the procurement process on EPC projects. Based on a case study on pipe material, the procurement process from upstream to downstream took 21 weeks. It was a waste of time to look for solutions. The recommended solutions use the local vendors, involve suppliers early and provide input into engineering designs, and good communication between supply chain participants.

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von Heymann-Horan, Annika B., Louise B. Puggaard, Kathrine G. Nissen, Kirstine Skov Benthien, Pernille Bidstrup, James Coyne, Christoffer Johansen, et al. "Dyadic psychological intervention for patients with cancer and caregivers in home-based specialized palliative care: The Domus model." Palliative and Supportive Care 16, no. 2 (March 30, 2017): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478951517000141.

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ABSTRACTObjective:Patients with incurable cancer and their informal caregivers have numerous psychological and psychosocial needs. Many of these patients wish to receive their care and die at home. Few home-based specialized palliative care (SPC) interventions systematically integrate psychological support. We present a psychological intervention for patient–caregiver dyads developed for an ongoing randomized controlled trial (RCT) of home-based SPC, known as Domus, as well as the results of an assessment of its acceptability and feasibility.Method:The Domus model of SPC for patients with incurable cancer and their caregivers offered systematic psychological assessment and dyadic intervention as part of interdisciplinary care. Through accelerated transition to SPC, the aim of the model was to enhance patients' chances of receiving care and dying at home. Integration of psychological support sought to facilitate this goal by alleviating distress in patients and caregivers. Psychologists provided needs-based sessions based on existential-phenomenological therapy. Feasibility and acceptability were investigated by examining enrollment, nonparticipation, and completion of psychological sessions.Results:Enrollment in the RCT and uptake of the psychological intervention indicated that it was feasible and acceptable to patients and caregivers. The strengths of the intervention included its focus on dyads, psychological distress, and existential concerns, as well as interdisciplinary collaboration and psychological interventions offered according to need. Its main limitation was a lack of an intervention for other family members.Significance of Results:Our results show that psychological intervention can be systematically integrated into SPC and that it appears feasible to provide dyadic needs-based sessions with an existential therapeutic approach. The Domus RCT will provide evidence of the efficacy of a novel model of multidisciplinary SPC.

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Slama, Ondrej, Lukas Pochop, Lucie Svetlakova, Ondrej Bilek, Jiri Sedo, Renata Horova, Regina Demlova, and Rostislav Vyzula. "Preliminary results of a randomized controlled trial of early integration of specialist palliative care within a tertiary cancer center in the Czech Republic." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 31_suppl (November 1, 2017): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.31_suppl.113.

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113 Background: Clinical trials in the U.S. and Canada have shown the benefit for patients and the health care system of early integration of palliative care into oncological practice. Nevertheless the practical realisation and the timing of this integration may be controversial. The optimal model of specialist palliative care (SPC) involvement may depend on the quality of standard cancer care in the given country. Methods: We present preliminary results of a randomised controlled trial of early integration of SPC conducted in the largest tertiary cancer center in Czech Republic. The trial compares standard oncology care with integrated SPC to standard oncology care alone in patients with advanced solid tumors treated with palliative antineoplastic therapy. The design of the study is inspired by the study of early PC for patients with advanced NSCLC byTemel et al. (2010). The SPC intervention consists of consultations with palliative care team every 6 weeks. Outcomes assessed at baseline and at 3 and 6 months after enrollment are quality of life (EORTC-QoL-Q30), anxiety and depression (HADS) and structure and cost of end of life care. Results: 100 patients have been randomisd between September 2015 and January 2017 (integrated PC 51 pts, conotrole 49pts). There were differences at 3 and 6 months in QoL (66% vs. 55%, p > 0,05; 63% vs. 49% p > 0,05), prevalence of anxiety (37% vs. 43%, p > 0,05; 32% vs. 54%, p > 0,05) and depression (19% vs. 29% p = 0,02; 20% vs. 27% p > 0,05) in intergated and control arm respectively. The mean time from the last chemotherapy to death was 66 days vs.52 days (p = 0,04) and the enrollment rate to hospice programme was 63% vs. 43% (p = 0,02) at the end of life in favour of integrated palliative care. Conclusions: There seem to be a trend for better results in patient reported outcomes and reasonable resource utilisation in favour of integrated care model in the context of advanced cancer care in Czech Republic. But differences between study arms did not reach statistical significance in patient reported outcomes, probably due to small number of patients. We hope to enrol enough patients within next 6 months to overcome this limitation.

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Wamba, Samuel Fosso, and Harold Boeck. "Enhancing Information Flow in a Retail Supply Chain Using RFID and the EPC Network: A Proof-of-Concept Approach." Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research 3, no. 1 (April 1, 2008): 92–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jtaer3010010.

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RFID technology and the Electronic Product Code (EPC) network have attracted considerable interest from businesses and academics in recent years. The interest is even stronger in the retail industry where firms such as Best Buy, Wal-Mart, Tesco, Target and Metro AG are capitalizing on the potential of these technologies. Based on a field study conducted in a three-layer retail supply chain, this paper tests several scenarios integrating Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology and the EPC network and evaluates, in a laboratory setting, their potential as enablers of information flow within a retail supply chain. Using an “openloop” adoption strategy, our preliminary results indicate that RFID technology and the EPC network (i) hold some potential that can be grasped through Business Process Management (BPM), (ii) enable the synchronization of information flow with product flow in a given supply chain, and thus, (iii) provide a better level of information integration between supply chain members. The results suggest that these “new waves” of information technology (IT) could in fact provide end-to-end information flow between supply chain members.

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Hrubinko, Andriy. "Formation of the Foreign Policy Dimension of European Integration in the 40’s – 80’s Years of the 20th Century." European Historical Studies, no. 15 (2020): 6–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2020.15.1.

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The article is devoted to study history of formation mechanisms of foreign policy of the European Communities in the period before creation of the European Union (40s – 80s of the XXth century). The dynamics formation of the foreign and security component of European integration from the first postwar projects of political association of the leading states of Western Europe (France and Great Britain) to creation in the early 1970s of a mechanism of European political cooperation (EPC) and its further activity are traced. The article analyzes political and legal status, evolution of the organizational structure, main activities, international achievements and miscalculations in the work of the EPC. Positions of Member States of the European Communities on development of their foreign policy and security components have been taken into account. The conclusions stated that the processes of European integration in the post-war period began precisely from the political sphere. However, due to differences in the strategic views of the states of Western Europe, their unwillingness to surrender state sovereignty in favor of European political institutions, as well as the position of the United States, it very quickly moved into the formation of a purely economic regional association. At the same time, the scale of economic integration and international policy tendencies have led to the formation of the system of political cooperation, which has become commonplace in the work of the Community institutions and the interaction of the Member States. On the whole, the EPC remained a weak and declarative practice of regular inter-state meetings at various levels, because it was outside the system of institutions and the regulatory framework of the European Communities. National ambitions of the Member States, each of which often favored the established priorities of its own foreign policy over the common interests of the union. Achieved level of political unification positions and actions of the Member States of the European Communities did not significantly increase the influence of integration in the international space until the formation of the European Union.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Integration SPC and EPC'

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