Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Intégrine alpha5'
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Gingras, Marie-Ève. "La modulation de l'expression du gène de la sous-unité α5 de l'intégrine α5β1 dans le contexte de la cicatrisation cornéenne." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19852.
Full textLake, Jennifer. "Modulation de l'expression du gène de la sous-unité a5 de l'intégrine a5B1 par les composantes de la matrice extracellulaire durant la cicatrisation de l'épithélium cornéen." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26193.
Full textUpon corneal injury, it is the massive secretion of fibronectin (FN) that characterizes the very first changes occurring in the basement membrane (BM) while in the meantime laminin (LM) and collagens (mostly type IV) temporarily disappear and then sequentially reappear once the denuded corneal area is completely covered. The FN binding integrin α5β1 plays a major role in corneal wound healing by promoting epithelial cell adhesion and migration over the temporary FN matrix. Over the past few years, our laboratory investigated the mechanisms by which the extracellular matrix (ECM) components may alter the expression of the α5 integrin subunit gene during corneal wound healing. While FN was found to positively regulate the expression of the α5 gene promoter, LM surprisingly repressed its transcription in rabbit corneal epithelial cells. However, the individual influences of collagens, or the combinatorial influence of a more complex tissue-engineered ECM had yet to be determined. In this thesis, we demonstrated that the reconstructed ECM, which is enriched in several types of collagens and FN, exerts a positive influence on the expression of the α5 gene in human corneal epithelial cells as a result of alterations in the expression and DNA binding of the transcription factors NFI, Sp1, AP-1 and Pax-6. On the other hand, collagens most usually acted negatively on the expression of the α5 integrin gene in corneal epithelial cells (CECs). One can then speculate that a particularly important function of the corneal BM collagens would consist to inform CECs that cell migration is no longer required, allowing them to differentiate vertically into suprabasal epithelial cells. We also demonstrated that a 300 bp conserved 5’-distal region present in the α3, α5, α9 and αv integrin subunit gene promoter sequences contains several target sites for positive and negative transcription factors that may prove important for fine-tuned regulation of α5 gene transcription. In addition, the ECM components also cause important changes in the expression of other genes, such as those encoding matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and various ECM components.
Kaabeche, Karim Salah. "Contrôle de la différenciation et de l' apoptose induites par l'activation du FGFR2 dans les ostéoblastes : rôle de Src, de Cbl , et de la sous-unité intégrine alpha5." Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA077069.
Full textSancey, Lucie. "Evaluation d'un radioligand de l'intégrine αvβ3, le RAFT-RGD, pour l'imagerie moléculaire de l'angiogenèse tumorale." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE10066.
Full textTumoral neoangiogenesis targeting is currently a major field of research for the diagnostic and treatment of solid tumors. Endothelial cells from neovessels overexpress several specific markers such as the αvβ3 integrin, which binds RGD (-Arg-Gly-Asp-)-containing peptides. We evaluated the potential of a novel radiotracer – RAFT-RGD – for the molecular nuclear imaging of neovessels. In vitro, the coupling of 4 c(RGDfK) to the RAFT platform resulted in an increased cellular uptake of the tracer by αvβ3 positive cells when compared to c(RGDfK). Furthermore, RAFT-RGD has a higher affinity than c(RGDfK) and similar properties for angiogenesis inhibition. In vivo, both αvβ3 positive and negative tumors were visible by non invasive whole body planar and tomographic imaging from 30 min to 24 h post-injection, using a gamma camera dedicated to small animal imaging. Despite a lack of significant contrast improvement compare with c(RGDfK), RAFT-RGD could represent a promising tracer for tumoral angiogenesis since it could provide invaluable information about tumor development and treatment efficacy in Nuclear Medicine departments. Furthermore, thanks to its chemical structure, RAFT-RGD can be labelled with a variety of radioisotopes including γ and β- emitters, allowing interesting therapeutical applications such as internal targeted radiotherapy
Gauthier, Ludiane. "Étude de la signalisation de l'intégrine αE(CD103)β7 dans les lymphocytes T cytotoxiques anti-tumoraux." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS149/document.
Full textThe alphaE(CD103)beta7 integrin plays a crucial role in the formation of a functional immune synapse (IS) between T cells and epithelial target cells. Indeed, the interaction of CD103 on tumor-infiltrating T lymphocyte (TIL) with its ligand, the epithelial cell marker E cadherin on tumor cells, promotes tumor cell killing. We studied CD103 signaling, and we showed that paxillin, a protein found in focal adhesion, interacts with CD103, and its inhibition leads to a decrease in T cell adhesion and spreading of T cell upon activation with immobilized recombinant E-cadherin-Fc. Secondly, we investigated CD103 cytoplasmic domains involved in its activation. Therefore, we used wild-type (WT)-CD103-GFP or various mutant CD103-GFP fusion proteins. Our results showed that ESIRKAQL intracellular motif is necessary for T cell activation, and in particular the serine in position 1163 that is essential for CD103 clustering and paxillin recruitment
Bouvard, Claire. "Rôle de la sous-unité d'intégrine alpha6 dans l'angiogènese et la vasculogènese." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077062.
Full textIn tumors or after the obstruction of an artery, ischemic tissues secrete growth factors to promote their revascularization. Integrins α6ß1 and α6ß4 are receptors for laminin, the major component of the endothelial basement membrane. We studied the role of α6 in neovessel formation. Tie2-dependent α6 gene deletion (using the cre-lox System) reduced the reperfusion and the revascularization of the ischemic leg in a mouse model of hindlimb ischemia, due to a decreased angiogenesis, a decreased recruitment of proangiogenic Tie2-expressing macrophages and decreased endothelial progenitors fonctions. Indeed, α6 expression at the surface on endothelial progenitors is important for their adhesion and migration on laminin containing substrates. Consequently, endothelial progenitor lacking 016 displayed reduced mobilization from the bone marrow and recruitment at the site of ischemia was reduced. We also demonstrated that Tie-2 dependent α6 deletion reduces tumor growth and vascularization, with a decreased recruitment of Tie2-expressing macrophages
Poinat, Patrice. "Identification et caractérisation de partenaires cytoplasmiques associés aux sous-unités d'intégrine [alpha]6 et [beta]1." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13065.
Full textIntegrins are major receptors for the extracellular matrix and the deletion of the a6 integrin has unveiled a role for this subunit in the development of the murine nervous system. The integrin that is involved in this process is most probably the a6b1 laminin receptor, but it is so far not clear how this integrin acts during the development of the brain. It is particularly not known what type of junctions are formed and what kind of proteins are recruited at the cytoplasmic side of the integrin. For this reason, we set up a yeast two-hybrid assay where the screening of a 9. 5 to 12. 5dpc murine cDNA library enabled us to find new cytoplasmic partners for the a6B or b1A integrin subunit. The subsequent analysis of one of these new interactions between the cytoplasmic tail of the b1A integrin and a kinase called NIK (for Nck Interacting Kinase) confirmed the importance of this interaction in other systems (colocalisation by immunofluorescence in cell culture, coprecipitation, GST-b1 pull-down)
Hamade, Hussein. "Analyse des mécanismes moléculaires et cellulaires conduisant à une inflammation dans l'intestin et une progression tumorale induits par la perte de la sous-unité d'intégrine Alpha6 chez la souris." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ062/document.
Full textWe generated a new mouse model, α6ΔIEC, in which the genetic ablation of α6 integrin from intestinal epithelial cells triggered the development of spontaneous colitis and colorectal cancer. My main goal was to define the mechanisms by which inflamed lesions degenerate into infiltrating adenocarcinomas. Loss of α6 integrin in this model resulted in epithelial barrier damage, enhanced permeability, altered mucus layers, abnormal bacterial segregation, chronic inflammation and tumor development.In order to define the sequence of events and the mechanisms involved at each stage of the disease, from inflamed to tumor lesions, I developed an inducible mouse model, α6ΔIECTAM, in which α6 integrin ablation was induced by tamoxifen treatment. This line recapitulates all aspects of inflammation observed in the α6ΔIEC model, as early as two weeks after tamoxifen treatment. In particular, I tried to define the respective contribution of infection by bacteria and mechanical stress during disease progression
Defilles, Céline. "L' impact du dialogue entre intégrines sur la migration cellulaire." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX22956.
Full textBergeron, Marjorie-Allison. "Étude des mécanismes de régulation transcriptionnelle des sous-unités alpha5 et béta5 des intégrines dans le contexte du mélanome uvéal." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/28963/28963.pdf.
Full textLe, Floc'h Audrey. "L'intégrine alpha(E)beta(7), un médiateur essentiel de l'activité T cytotoxique antitumorale." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077045.
Full textThe last decade have seen major advances in the field of tumor immunology and immunotherapy feading to the concept of antitumor immunosurveillance and to the development of novel therapies that aim at targeting specifically cancer cells. However, such immunotherapy approaches have been of limited success and rarely resulted in the eradication of the tumor, even though specific immune responses could be induced. Therefore, study of the mechanisms involved in the potentiation of anti-tumor cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) function may improve current immunotherapy strategies. In this context, we developed a non-small cell lung carcinoma model to study the specific antitumor CTL response and its optimisation. Our previous studies indicated that tumor-specific CD8+ T cell clones, derived either from peripheral blood (PBL) or from tumor infiltrating (TIL) lymphocytes, mediated differential antitumor reactivity towards autologous tumor cells. Indeed, while the TIL clone was able to kill the cognate tumor, the PBL clone was inefficient. To gain further insight into molecular mechanisms underlying this differential activity, we compared T cell clone transcriptional profiles by microarrays analysis. Our data indicated a selective expression of the αE(CD103)β7 integrin by the TIL clone. Moreover, interaction of αEβ7 integrin with its ligand E-cadherin on tumor cells is essential for cytotoxic immunological synapse (IS) maturation, and in triggering lytic granule polarization and exocytosis leading to cancer cell death. Our results also demonstrated that CD 103 could be induced upon TCR engagement and TGF-pl treatment resulting in strong potentiation of PBL clone-mediated tumor cell lysis. More recently, we showed that inhibition of E-cadherin expression on tumor cells does not affect cytokine production by the TIL clone, indicating that αEβ7 integrin is not involved in stimulatory IS formation. Moreover, our results clearly indicated that, beside its role as an adhésion molécule, αEβ7 integrin exerts costimulatory fonctions on TCR-induced signaling pathways by inducing ERK1/2 and PLC-yl phosphorylation. Finally, engagement of αEβ7 integrin with recombinant E-cadherin leads to cytokine secretion namely IFN-y and TNF-β that could contribute to the regulation of local inflammatory reaction within epithelium tissues. Thus, collectively our results demonstrate a major role of tumor-specific CD8+/CD103+ CTL infiltrating epithelial cancers in immunosurveillance and in inducing efficient antitumor immune responses
Franciszkiewicz, Katarzyna. "The role of chemokines and chemokine receptors in shaping the effector phase of anti-tumor immune response." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077015.
Full textThe immune system-mediated eradication of cancer cells requires effector mechanisms associated with the presence of tumor-specific T cells. However, the successful generation of tumor-specific effector cells does not necessarily result in tumor regression. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) must first be able to migrate to tumor sites, traverse the interstitial space and fmally interact with their target resulting in triggering of effector fonctions. Chemokines are involved in circulation of immunocompetent cells. Although some of them are known to contribute to tumor progression, others are responsible for changes in the tumor microenvironment that allow the infiltration of lymphocytes. In this study, we demonstrate that CTLs can be efficiently recruited into the tumor in a CCR5-dépendent manner. Once in the TGF-pl-rich autologous tumor site, they undergo an intratumoral adaptation process resulting in upregulation of the chemokine receptor CCR6 and the integrin aEß7 as well as the enhancement of T-cell receptor (TCR)-mediated cytotoxicity. The engagement of aEβ₇ leads to CCR5 recruitment at the IS and reduced T-cell responsiveness to a CCR5 ligand chemotactic gradient, suggesting a role of aEß7 in T-cell rétention at the tumor by a CCR5-dépendent mechanism. Altogether, these results show an important role of the chemokine/chemokine receptor network at multiple levels of CTL-mediated antitumor immune response. In consequence, the identification of chemokine-medjated molecular mechanisms can be important for the development of innovative immunotherapeutic approaches and may offer new opportunities to optimize existing protocols of cancer therapy
Cheli, Yann. "Impact des polymorphismes sur la régulation et l'interaction des récepteurs plaquettaires au collagène : l'intégrine alpha2 beta1 et la glycoprotéine VI." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077095.
Full textIn this work, we show that dinuclueotide repeat ÇA regulate differently the expression of human and mouse ITGA2. We demonstrate that polymorphism in 5' regulatory region of ITGA2 enhance transcription by fixation of a complex PARP-1, DNA-PKcs, Topollβ, Ku70/80 on CA12 sequence in conjunction with SP1 binding, whereas polymorphism in mouse intronic ÇA repeats modify hnRNP L binding and splicing efficiency. We also noticed a dichotomy on bleeding time for mouse GPVI knock out that we related to a polymorphism situated in mouse chromosome 4. Indeed, the C57BL/6J background at this locus was correlated to a high bleeding phenotype in opposite of a 129 background that was associated with a low bleeding phenotype. Moreover, this difference seems not to be inherited from platelet activation or coagulation but from a difference in the composition of the vascular matrix. Finally, we show that N glycosilation was necessary for recognition of collagen, CRP or convulxin. However, naturals polymorphism situated in extracellular domain have no affect on the binding but intracellular substitution influence the binding of FYN/LYN and calmodulin. As a consequence, signal transduction and GPVI shredding by a metalloproteinase may be affected by these differences in binding
Mao, Xianqing. "Effets des contraintes mécaniques cycliques sur la génération de thrombine à la surface des cellules musculaires lisses de rat." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0003/document.
Full textVascular smooth muscle cells (SMC), the main cellular components of the arterial wall, are constantly exposed to mechanical stretch. Cyclic mechanical stress regulates many functions of vascular SMC via integrins. Among the integrins, [alpha]v[gamma]3 is not only a mechanotransducer but also the receptor of prothrombin in the vascular SMC. Activation of integrin [alpha]v[gamma]3 by mechanical stretch may promote SMC adhesion to prothrombin and also accelerate thrombin generation on the surface of SMC. To test this hypothesis, we have studied the effect of mechanical stretch on the generation of thrombin by SMC and identified possible signaling pathway involved. We used a Flexcell model using rat aortic SMC subjected to cyclic stretch (10%, 1Hz). Exposure to cyclic stretch for 1h and 6h induced a phenotype of differentiation and non-apoptosis of SMC and an increased expression of integrin [alpha]v[gamma]3. There was also an increase in phosphorylation of Src, FAK, and AKT in a time dependent manner, increased phosphorylation of ILK at 15min and the cleavage of talin from 5 to 60min. Cyclic stretch increased the adhesion of prothrombin to the SMC, and thrombin generation with a maximum effect of 67% and 30% respectively. A peptide mimetic of integrin [alpha]v[gamma]3 (cRGDPV) and [alpha]v siRNA both blocked all the effects of cyclic stretch on SMC. A talin siRNA inhibited the expression of [alpha]v and the phosphorylation of Src, AKT and ILK. An ILK siRNA has no effect on the expression of [alpha]v but inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT and the cleavage of talin at 6h of stretch. Thus, cyclic stretch induced a higher thrombin generation by vascular SMC via activation of signaling pathways dependant on [alpha]v[gamma]3. This study suggests that intravascular thrombin generation can be regulated by antagonists of integrin [alpha]v[gamma]3 and can become a new therapeutic target for the patients with a high pulse pressure
Kakou, Augustine. "Pharmacologie du remodelage vasculaire dans l'hypertension artérielle expérimentale chez le rat et la souris : rôle des intégrines alpha5 beta1 et alpha1beta1 ( a5b1, a1b1)." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA11T003.
Full textRousset, Céline. "Étude de l'interaction entre le domaine cytoplasmique de l'intégrine [alpha]IIb et la "calcium- and integrin-binding protein (CIB)"." Lille 1, 2002. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2002/50376-2002-331.pdf.
Full textCeci nous a notamment permis de montrer que sur le peptide correspondant au domaine cytoplasmique de [alpha]IIb, l'interaction implique des résidus situés dans une séquence juxta-membranaire conservée entre les sous-unités alpha des intégrines (GFFKR). Cette séquence est justement importante pour une interaction de nature électrostatique et hydrophobe avec la séquence conservée juxta-membranaire des sous-unités bêta (LLxxxHDR). Ainsi, si une interaction entre les domaines cytoplasmiques des intégrines [alpha] et [bêta] permet le maintien d'un récepteur inactif (récepteur de faible affinité pour un ligand extracellulaire), alors en interagissant avec cette séquence conservée juxta-membranaire de la sous-unité [alpha]IIb, il est probable que CIB soit un des facteurs intracellulaire susceptible de supprimer cette interaction et ainsi susceptible de provoquer l'activation du récepteur (conversion du récepteur de basse affinité vers un récepteur de haute affinité pour un ligand extracellulaire), ou bien de le maintenir dans une conformation active (haute affinité pour le ligand). Selon nos résultats, l'affinité entre le peptide [alpha]IIb(Kexp. 989-Eexp. 1008) et le domaine C-terminal de CIB est faible. Cette donnée associée aux résultats d'une autre équipe de recherche selon laquelle il existe une forte affinité entre un peptide plus long [alpha]IIb(Lexp. 983-Eexp. 1008) et CIB suggère que CIB occupe très certainement un rôle dans le maintien d'une intégrine [alpha]IIb[bêta]3 activée plutôt que dans l'activation proprement dite du récepteur
Favier, Marie. "Les thrombopénies héréditaires rares : implications des gènes ETV6, ITGA2B, ITGB3." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0559.
Full textThe identification of the genes involved in thrombocytopenia provides important elements for understanding the pathways of regulation of the production and functions of platelets or even hematopoiesis. Our laboratory has developed a strategy for identifying genes causing thrombocytopenia without a priori hypothesis by sequencing exomes. This strategy has been applied to families with autosomal dominant thrombocytopenia and has demonstrated mutations in the genes etv6, itga2b and itgb3. Normal platelet thrombocytopenia are particularly important to detect because of the risk of developing onco-hematological pathology. The genetic origin of this category of thrombocytopenia has long been limited to mutations in the runx1 gene. More recently, mutations on the ankrd26 promoter have been reported. The work I did during my thesis helped to involve the etv6 gene in this group of thrombocytopenia. Concerning this gene six families have pathogenic mutations. All these mutations are the cause of a loss of the repressive activity of the gene and a high number of CD34+ cells circulating in the blood revealing the role of ETV6 in the onco-hematological predisposition. In addition, megakaryopoiesis has two main anomalies. They associate an increase in the number of megakaryocytic progenitor colonies with the formation of reduced proplatelets.Concerning the itga2b and itgb3 genes, 3 families were studied. These genes encode the αIIbβ3 integrin. Integrin αIIbβ3 is a platelet receptor for fibrinogen and Von Willebrand factor, and plays a crucial role in thrombosis and hemostasis
Bernatchez, Emilie. "CD103-mediated regulation of airway hypersensitivity responses to bioaerosol-associated antigens." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30253.
Full textAs we breathe, the lungs are constantly exposed to bioaerosols that challenge the maintenance of airway homeostasis. Many cells are involved in the maintenance of lung homeostasis, such as airway dendritic cells (DCs). A subset of airway DCs has gained special interest in the past years for its role in immune tolerance: CD103+ DCs. Yet, this role remains controversial as there are also reports that they induce airway inflammatory responses. Furthermore, CD103 (an integrin expressed by subsets of DCs and T cells) is mostly used as a marker and whether CD103 expression on these cells plays a specific role remains unknown. Airway homeostasis is not always maintained. Exposure to bioaerosols can elicit an immune response in susceptible individuals, such as in asthma and hypersensitivity pneumonitis, two common airway hypersensitivity diseases of type I and mixed type III/IV hypersensitivity, respectively. Recently, archaea species Methanosphaera stadtmanae (MSS) and Methanobrevibacter smithii (MBS) were identified in high concentrations in bioaerosols from agricultural environments and their extracts were shown to induce an immune response in the airways of mice. However, the type of airway hypersensitivity response they induce remains unknown, a key information that is required if research is pursued on whether they elicit an airway hypersensitivity response in humans. Furthermore, although many therapies for airway hypersensitivity diseases exist, not all subsets of patients respond to the current medication, resulting in high social and economic impacts on the health system and patients. Therefore, research on potential therapy targets for airway hypersensitivity diseases, such as those involved in the maintenance of airway homeostasis, remains important. This thesis focuses on the role of CD103 expression in the maintenance of lung homeostasis in the context of airway hypersensitivity responses induced by antigens found in bioaerosols. We first assessed the role of CD103 expression in type I hypersensitivity in response to ovalbumin or house dust mite extract (models of experimental asthma) using Cd103-/- mice. We found that CD103 expression is crucial in controlling the severity of airway inflammation and could be involved in initiating the resolution of the inflammatory response. Furthermore, CD103 expression on DCs regulates DC trafficking to the draining lymph nodes. We then assessed the role for CD103 expression in mixed type III/IV hypersensitivity in response to Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula extract (SR; model of experimental hypersensitivity pneumonitis) using Cd103-/- mice. Furthermore, using models of cell transfers, we evaluated the role for CD103 expression in the response to SR when specifically expressed by dendritic cells or specifically by CD4 T cells. We demonstrate that CD103 expression on DCs specifically is involved in regulating the onset of the inflammatory response. We finally studied the role for CD103 expression in response to the airway exposure of MSS and MBS extracts, after elucidating the type of hypersensitivity response they induce. We demonstrate that exposure to MSS induces a typical type IV hypersensitivity response. The results obtained after exposure to MBS also indicate development of a type IV hypersensitivity response, although it remains to be confirmed. Finally, due to high variability in the results using Cd103-/- mice, we were unable to reach a conclusion on the role for CD103 expression in response to archaea species. These results demonstrate that CD103 expression by DCs is involved in the control of airway homeostasis to specific airway hypersensitivity-inducing bioaerosols. The exact mechanisms regulated by CD103 on DCs leading to the maintenance of airway homeostasis remain to be elucidated. Furthermore, our results confirm that archaea species MSS and MBS induce a specific type of hypersensitivity response, which will contribute to the elucidation of whether they induce an airway pathology in humans.
Hofman, Paul. "Caractérisation et expression de la protéine reconnue par l'anticorps monoclonal GB36 sur les tissus humains normaux et tumoraux : la sous unité alpha-6 des intégrines." Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON1T003.
Full textBoutet, Marie. "Etude de l'activation et de la signalisation intracellulaire de l'intégrine αE (CD103)β7 dans les lymphocytes T CD8+." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077277.
Full textA major obstacle in the fight against cancer is the failure of proposed treatments. Improving the activation of cytotoxic effectors in the tumor is a major challenge to optimize anticancer therapies. S( my host laboratory has focused on the study of two lymphocyte populations - one after the tumor (TIL), the other end of the peripheral blood (PBL) - isolated populations from a patient suffering from lung cancer. The work carried out showed that TIL kill more efficiently the tumor cell line fron a lung tumor, thanks to the link of integrin alpha e (CD103) beta7 with the marker of epithelial cells, E-cadherin, in association with TCR engagement. In addition, a rich microenvironment in TGF-I31 induced the expression of CD103 on the surface of PBL, following recognition of the antigen, and improves its ability lysis. Our results indicate that integrin is involved in the migration and recruitment of CTL at the tumor site. Furthermore CD103, besides adhesion function, participates in the formation of the immunological synapse (SI) cytotoxic but is not necessary for the formation of the secretory SI. Cytotoxic SI is essential for the release of cytotoxic granules and also the passage oi the vesicles of the chemokine CCL5 in the SI. Activation and CD103 functions are regulated by signaling pathways induced following the interaction with its ligand and TCR engagement. Our work shows that in this case, the ILK protein is activated and plays a key role in the functions of the integrin. An environment rich in TGF-betal strongly ILK active, leading to a better grip and function of integrin CD103 in the tumor
Malenica, Ines. "Role of Tissue-Resident Memory T (TRM) Cells in CD8+ T Cell Immunity and Response to Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy : Involvement of TGF-β and αV Integrins." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS201.
Full textThe survival of cancer patients treated with conventional therapies remains low in multiple cancers. Recently, a new immunotherapeutic approach has been developed to target the immune system instead of the tumor itself, in order to restore immune cell functions in cancer destruction. Immunotherapy targeting the T cell inhibitory receptor PD-1 occupies a privileged place in cancer therapy thanks to its high specificity and low toxicity compared to chemotherapies. However, the response rate remains low with only 20-25% of patients responding to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. An important issue is therefore to understand the mechanisms associated with resistance to these therapies and to identify the predictive biomarkers of response. The expression of the PD-1 ligand, PD-L1, on tumor cells, tumor mutational burden (TMB) and tumor infiltration by lymphocytes have been described to predict the response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). However, new biomarkers are needed to better determine patient subpopulation which could benefit from this treatment. To address this question, we established a cohort of 118 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy and studied the expression of several potential biomarkers. Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells are a potential candidate because they represent a distinct population of CD8+ T cells highly expressing integrin αEβ7 (CD103) and PD-1; and showing strong cytotoxic capacity towards autologous tumor cells upon neutralisation of PD-1/PD-L1 interaction. Results from the present study show that high infiltration of TRM cells in NSCLC tumors correlates with higher progression-free survival (PFS) and a better response to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy. Moreover, tumors with high expression levels of ICAM-1, the ligand of integrin LFA-1 expressed on T cells, show higher TRM infiltration. TGF-β is a cytokine directly involved in CD103 induction on activated tumor-specific T cells. Therefore, I also investigated the role of αV integrins in activating TGF-β and thereby in controlling TRM differentiation and anti-tumor T cell immunity. Using human and mouse models, we show that tumor cells expressing αV integrins activate TGF-β, which can in turn induce expression of CD103 on CD8+ T cells in vitro on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and in vivo on tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). However, lower CD103 expression on CD8+ TIL and thus CD103+ TRM cell formation in C57BL/6 mice engrafted with αV-lacking cancer cells had no effect on tumor growth control. Remarkably, αV-deficient tumors responded more effectively to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy than αV-efficient tumors and this response correlates with higher tumor infiltration by activated CD8+ T cells and stronger cytotoxic activity toward autologous cancer cells. Moreover, high expression of αV integrins in NSCLC tumors correlates with worse response to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy. These data show how three distinct markers, TRM cells, ICAM-1, and αV integrins regulate the tumor microenvironment and CD8+ T cell immunity, with potential implications in improving response to ICB immunotherapies
Laval, Séverine. "Rôle des hémidesmosomes dans le pouvoir anti-invasif du récepteur de somatostatine sst2, dans le cancer du pancréas." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/914/.
Full textPancreatic adenocarcinoma is a highly aggressive disease, due to a rapid invasion. Hemidesmosomes (HDs) anchor epithelial cells to the basement membrane and are frequently lost in carcinoma leading to epithelial cell detachment from the basement membrane and tumor invasion. We report the presence of mature type-1 hemidesmosomal structures, comprising integrin a6ß4 and BP180, in the human pancreatic epithelium. Importantly, we provide molecular evidences that disruption of these structures promotes pancreatic cancer cell invasion. Underlying mechanisms involve the cleavage of BP180, which is PI3K- and MMP-9-dependent. This cleavage results in hemidesmosomes breakdown, associated with the tyrosine-phosphorylation and delocalisation of the integrin a6ß4 to the leading edges of migrating cells where it paradoxically promotes pro-invasive signals through S100A4 activation. We have introduced the proof of concept that re-introducing sst2, whose expression is lost in 90% of pancreatic cancers, into human pancreatic cancer cells, inhibits tumor progression and metastasis. We demonstrated that sst2 re-introduction into human pancreatic cancer cells induces hemidesmosomes reassembly, by inhibiting the PI3K/MMP-9 pathway and the subsequent cleavage of BP180. This is also accompanied by the ß4 subunit tyrosine-dephosphorylation and the up-regulation of the hemidesmosomal proteins expression. Finally, we demonstrated that forcing hemidesmosomes reassembly, by expressing sst2 in pancreatic cancer cells, is an efficient and original mechanism to revert cancer cell pro-migratory and pro-invasive phenotype, in vitro as well as in vivo
Said, Rose. "Caractérisation des propriétés pro- et anti-coagulantes associées aux cellules musculaires lisses vasculaires." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0004/document.
Full textThe main objective of this study was to compare the implication (i) of vascular cells, smooth muscle cells (SMC) and endothelial cells (EC), or circulating cells, platelets, and (ii) microparticles (MP) derived from these different cells in the generation of thrombin but also in its inhibition by the activated protein C (APC) and the tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), and to identify the mechanisms and determinants responsibles for observed differences between these different cell supports for coagulation. We have demonstrated that [alpha]v[gamma]3 integrin, the prothrombin receptor on the vascular surfaces, was involved in the generation of thrombin on the surface of these cells subjected or not subjected to cyclic mechanical deformations. At baseline, SMC and EC, have equivalent thrombin generating capacities, but less than that of platelets. We have shown a synergistic role of TFPI with APC in the inhibition of thrombin generation at the surface of these cells, more important with SMC than with EC. Taken together, our results suggest that SMC may exert procoagulant effects comparable to EC but with different regulations in response to pro-and anticoagulant factors, and that MP derived from vascular cells have a very higher thrombogenic activity compared to their parent cells
Schaff, Mathieu. "Etude des mécanismes d'adhérence et d'activation des plaquettes sanguines appliquée à l'identification de nouvelles cibles anti-thrombotiques plus sûres." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00867777.
Full textBrunner, Molly. "L’intégrine β1 et de son régulateur ICAP-1α dans l’ostéogenèse : rôle dans la prolifération, la différenciation et la fonction ostéoblastiques." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENV043/document.
Full textΒ1 integrins belong to a large family of receptors that have been shown to be of paramount importance for cell/extracellular matrix interactions. The ablation of the specific β1 integrin regulator ICAP-1α results in severe bone and mineralization defects. By combining mouse and cell biology we could demonstrate that loss of ICAP-1α was accompanied by an increase of β1 integrin activity that affects fibronectin and collagen deposition. Moreover, we could show that ICAP-1 is an important negative regulator of kindlin-2 recruitment on β1 integrin cytoplasmic domain (Brunner et al. JCB 2011). We then wanted to address the functional role of β1 integrin per se in osteogenesis and to understand how osteoblasts integrate environmental cues to coordinate bone formation and remodeling. For this we generated osteoblast specific β1 integrin deficient mice. These mice showed severe bone defects characterized by reduced bone mineralization and dynamic, as well as bending and fractures reminding human Juvenile Osteoporosis symptoms. In vitro analyses of β1 integrin deficient osteoblasts revealed proliferation defect which is not due to defective canonical MAPK/ERK pathway, but rather to defective activity of the co-transcription factor YAP. Then, we showed that β1 integrins are regulating cAMP level in osteoblasts and that the cAMP level correlates with YAP inactivation. We also linked YAP inactivation with raft endocytosis. Finally, in vivo and in vitro analyses revealed a functional incapacity of β1 integrin deficient osteoprecursors. We could show that the lazy phenotype of β1 integrin deficient osteoblasts is likely due to a reduced response to BMP signaling, a major osteoblast growth factor. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that β1 integrin is a key regulator of YAP-dependent osteoblast proliferation and BMP signaling allowing osteoblast functionality, mineralization and bone formation
Humbert, Michel. "Etude immunocytaire de l'induction d'épitopes conformationnels sur l'intégrine alphaIIb B3 au cours de l'activation plaquettaire : application à l'étude d'un antiagrégant plaquettaire." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR28365.
Full textRauber, Conrad. "A Study on the Role of the Intestinal MAdCAM-1/alpha4beta7 Axis in Tumor Immunosurveillance During PD-1 Blockade." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS554.
Full textAntibiotics (ATB) inhibit the anticancer efficacy of PD1 blockade but the mechanisms underlying their immunosuppressive effects remains unknown. Here we show that ATB promote the accumulation of enterotropic, ileum egressing FoxP3+ and RORct+ α4β7 hi T cells into tumor draining lymph nodes and tumor lesions. ATB induce the loss of ileal MadCAM-1 adressin provoking the recirculation of α4β7 hi ileal Treg and TH17 cells to the tumor microenvironment (TME), as visualized using direct injection of carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester in mesenteric lymph nodes of tumor bearers as well as Kaede transgenic mice harboring a photoconvertible flurorescent protein. MAdCAM-1 addressin and α4β7 integrin heterodimers are indispensable for the anticancer efficacy and the immuno-surveillanc elicited by anti-PD1 antibodies. Gene defects in MadCAM-1 as well as antibodies blocking its ligand α4β7, severely compromise the anticancer effects of PD1 blockade by mobilizing enterotropic α4β7hi Treg and TH17 cells towards the TME and conversely reducing Treg homing from the TME to the gut, concomitantly reducing CCR5+ effector memory tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. These findings demonstrate a mechanistic link between gut dysbiosis and tumor treatment efficacy and unveil the potential clinical relevance of the MAdCAM-1 α4β7+ and the gut-tumor axis in cancer immunosurveillance
Tenaud, Isabelle. "Les mécanismes impliqués dans la régulation de la prolifération et de la différenciation kératinocytaire : intégrines (modulation par les oligo-éléments et les interférons- alpha et -gamma) et la voie de la NOS inductible." Nantes, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NANT07VS.
Full textLeblanc, Raphaël. "Rôle de l'autotaxine dans la dissémination métastatique à l'os : implication des plaquettes sanguines, de l'intégrine Alpha V/Beta3 et du protéoglycane syndecan-4." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10354/document.
Full textBone metastases are a frequent complication of cancer, occurring in up to 70 percent of patients with advanced breast or prostate cancer. Despite the improvement of current therapies, the survival of bone metastasis patients is only 24 months. This study aims to find new mechanisms involved in bone metastasis formation. Autotaxin (ATX/NPP2) is a secreted glycoprotein that generates lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) through its lysophospholipase D activity. Our lab previously demonstrated that ATX is overexpressed in multiple types of cancers and together with LPA generated during platelet activation promotes skeletal metastasis of breast cancer. However, the pathophysiological sequelae of regulated interactions between circulating LPA, ATX and platelets remain undefined in cancer. In this work we show that ATX is stored in a- granules of resting human platelets and released upon tumor cell-induced platelet aggregation, leading to the production of LPA. Our in vitro and in vivo experiments using human breast cancers cells that do not express ATX demonstrate that non-tumoral ATX controls the early stage of bone colonization by tumor cells. However, LPA is extremely sensitive to phosphatases, which are highly expressed in extracellular environment and at cell membranes. The molecular mechanisms involved in the local production of LPA at the bone metastatic site are still not well characterized. The present results establish that binding of ATX to alphaV/Beta3 integrin and/or the proteoglycan syndecan-4 allow LPA delivery to its receptors present at the surface of tumor cells. These results may have important implications in the development of new therapies for patients with bone metastases
Atallah, Ihab. "Caractérisation d'un modèle cellulaire et animal orthotopique des cancers des VADS : du ciblage tumoral in vitro ou rôle de l'imagerie de fluorescence in vivo dans l'exérèse tumorale." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENV064.
Full textIntroduction: Targeted therapy of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) requires the development of novel specific vectors that can deliver therapeutic molecules. These vectors could also be coupled to fluorophores to be used in near infrared fluorescence imaging-guided surgery.Objectives: The aim of our work is to test new targeted vectors of HNSCC and to study the role of the near infrared fluorescence imaging-guided surgery in HNSCC resection in a novel orthotopic animal model that we develop.Materials and Methods: The HNSCC cell line CAL33 is characterized in vitro and in vivo. Novel vectors that target one or more receptors of this cell line such as alpha v beta 3 integrin, EGFR and NRP1, are tested in vitro. Meanwhile, an orthotopic animal model of HNSCC is developed by implanting tumor fragments of CAL33 cells, in the oral cavity of nude mice. Surgical resection of orthotopic tumors is guided by the near infrared fluorescence imaging after systemic injection of RAFT-c[RGD]4 peptide coupled with a fluorophore. This peptide targets alpha v beta 3 integrin and is previously tested in vitro.Results: Our preliminary results show that bispecific vectors would present an increased binding to CAL33 cells in vitro. On the other hand, near infrared fluorescence imaging-guided surgery has a positive impact on the recurrence-free survival rate in our orthotopic model, by detecting fluorescent cancer foci that could remain unidentified if resection was performed exclusively under visual guidance. Our results show also that near infrared fluorescence imaging can also help to detect metastatic lymph nodes.Conclusion: Near-infrared fluorescence imaging-guided surgery improves the quality of tumor resection in our optimized orthotopic animal model of HNSCC. This preclinical stage is essential before testing this novel technique in humans
Duret, Damien. "Développement de sondes polymères fluorescentes à propriétés de ciblage améliorées pour des applications en imagerie cellulaire et en oncologie." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI060/document.
Full textThis work is focused on improving the biospecificity properties of fluorescent polymer probes, with controlled architectures, for two main applications: the in vivo targeting of cancer tumors and the labeling of proteins for in cellulo studies. For a targeted imaging of tumor angiogenesis in vivo, targeting systems presenting two levels of multivalency were developed by combining both i) well-controlled polymers synthesized by RAFT polymerization and the PISA process, ii) peptide tetravalent clusters exhibiting a high affinity for the αvβ3 integrins and iii) fluorophores emitting in the far red / near-infrared for a monitoring in vitro and in vivo by optical microscopy. Two types of probes were synthesized, linear conjugates and hairy nanoparticles. Multivalent presentation of the peptide cluster induced a significant increase of the affinity for αvβ3 integrins. The first biological evaluations also indicated an efficient cellular internalization of polymer probes mediated by the peptide clusters and a selective labeling of cells over-expressing αvβ3 integrins. For protein labeling, two strategies were explored: the labeling of native proteins by covalent coupling of ω-functional polymer probes and the labeling of recombinant proteins by probes bearing a specific ligand at one chain-end. For the first strategy, an activated ester function was introduced at the ω-end of polymer probes by thiol-ene chemistry to label the lysine residues of native proteins. This approach resulted in a poly-labeling, difficult to control but providing highly bright bioconjugates. For the second strategy, a nitrilotriacetic acid group (NTA) was introduced at the α-end of polymers probes to specifically label Histidine tagged proteins. This approach enabled an efficient labeling of different proteins with a more precise control of the number of probes per protein and of the binding site. Finally, following this work, a new synthetic strategy of sequenced polymers by successive addition of hetero-bifunctional monomers using highly efficient, selective and orthogonal chemical reactions was proposed and validated
Sancey, Lucie. "ÉVALUATION D'UN RADIOLIGAND DE L'INTÉGRINE αVβ3 (RAFT-RGD) POUR L'IMAGERIE MOLÉCULAIRE DE L'ANGIOGENÈSE TUMORALE." Phd thesis, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00398973.
Full textMédecine Nucléaire. De plus, par sa structure chimique, le RAFT-RGD apporte de multiples possibilités de marquage (émetteurs γ et β-), ce qui permet d'envisager des applications intéressantes notamment dans le domaine thérapeutique (radiothérapie interne vectorisée).
Foillard, Stephanie. "Synthèse de nouveaux vecteurs peptidiques pour la thérapie anticancéreuse et l'imagerie tumorale." Phd thesis, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00275297.
Full textFeuto, Justin. "Espaces $(L^{q},\ell^{p})^{\alpha}(G)$ sur un groupe de type homogène et continuité de l'intégrale fractionnaire." Phd thesis, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00681351.
Full textAtallah, Ihab Nader Tawfik. "Caractérisation d'un modèle cellulaire et animal orthotopique des cancers des VADS : du ciblage tumoral in vitro ou rôle de l'imagerie de fluorescence in vivo dans l'exérèse tumorale." Thesis, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENV064/document.
Full textIntroduction: Targeted therapy of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) requires the development of novel specific vectors that can deliver therapeutic molecules. These vectors could also be coupled to fluorophores to be used in near infrared fluorescence imaging-guided surgery.Objectives: The aim of our work is to test new targeted vectors of HNSCC and to study the role of the near infrared fluorescence imaging-guided surgery in HNSCC resection in a novel orthotopic animal model that we develop.Materials and Methods: The HNSCC cell line CAL33 is characterized in vitro and in vivo. Novel vectors that target one or more receptors of this cell line such as alpha v beta 3 integrin, EGFR and NRP1, are tested in vitro. Meanwhile, an orthotopic animal model of HNSCC is developed by implanting tumor fragments of CAL33 cells, in the oral cavity of nude mice. Surgical resection of orthotopic tumors is guided by the near infrared fluorescence imaging after systemic injection of RAFT-c[RGD]4 peptide coupled with a fluorophore. This peptide targets alpha v beta 3 integrin and is previously tested in vitro.Results: Our preliminary results show that bispecific vectors would present an increased binding to CAL33 cells in vitro. On the other hand, near infrared fluorescence imaging-guided surgery has a positive impact on the recurrence-free survival rate in our orthotopic model, by detecting fluorescent cancer foci that could remain unidentified if resection was performed exclusively under visual guidance. Our results show also that near infrared fluorescence imaging can also help to detect metastatic lymph nodes.Conclusion: Near-infrared fluorescence imaging-guided surgery improves the quality of tumor resection in our optimized orthotopic animal model of HNSCC. This preclinical stage is essential before testing this novel technique in humans
Ifergan, Igal. "Modulation de la réponse immunitaire dans le cerveau par la barrière hémato-encéphalique : implication en sclérose en plaques." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/7042.
Full textMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by multifocal areas of leukocyte infiltration and demyelination associated with a breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Typically, demyelination is centered around perivascular accumulation of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) that arise from migration of peripheral blood immune cells across the CNS microvascular endothelium. We have thus suggested that the migration across the BBB of immune cells subsets from the blood is controlled by molecular mechanism specific for each cell type. To answer this hypothesize, we have performed four different studies. We first show a beneficial effect of statins on the BBB, restricting the migration of lymphocytes and monocytes as well as the diffusion of soluble molecular tracers. This phenomenon is mediated through abrogation of isoprenylation processes that is probably inhibiting the ability of endothelial cells of the BBB to contract. We also show that CD14+ monocytes migrate across the inflamed human blood BBB and differentiate into DCs in response to BBB-secreted TGF-beta and GM-CSF. These DCs then promote the proliferation and expansion of inflammatory CD4+ T lymphocytes. We demonstrate that the migration of monocytes is controlled by a new adhesion molecule called Ninjurin-1. Ninjurin-1 neutralization specifically abrogated the adhesion and migration of human monocytes across endothelial cells of the BBB, without affecting lymphocyte recruitment. Moreover, Ninjurin-1 blockade reduced clinical disease activity and histopathological indices of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). Finally we show that migration of CD8+ T lymphocytes across BBB is dependent on alpha-4 integrin. Also, the majority of CD8+ T lymphocytes found in the cerebrospinal fluid of MS patients, and in the CNS of EAE mice as well as the CNS of mouse infected with hepatitis virus are showing an effector memory phenotype. These data could explain the numerous cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy seen in natalizumab treated MS patients. In conclusion, our study unveils an important role of peripheral monocytes in MS. The inhibition of migration of these cells to the CNS could be a beneficial therapy since it would allow immune surveillance of the brain. The statins could also be a very interesting option since these molecules would reduce the inflammatory processes involved in MS.