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1
Oliveira, Aline Pedrosa de. "Suscetibilidade a antimicrobianos e genes de virulência em Salmonella enterica de origem avícola." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/8939.
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Previous issue date: 2016-12-22<br>Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq<br>Salmonella enterica is a foodborne pathogen with multifactorial and complex pathogenic
mechanisms. Identification of the presence of virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance profiles
in isolates of poultry origin provides relevant information on the risk attributed to the consumption
of products contaminated by the agent. The objective of this study was to verify the susceptibility
profile of Salmonella enterica for nalidixic acid (30μg), amicacin (30μg), ampicillin (10mg),
ceftiofur (30μg), chloramphenicol (30μg), ciprofloxacin (5μg), enrofloxacin (5μg), streptomycin
(10mg), gentamicin (10mg), tetracycline (30μg), tobramycin (10mg) and trimethoprim (5μg) used
in both human and animal medicine, to investigate the presence of multiresistant isolates, to detect
the presence of the variable region of the class 1 Integron, to analyze the association between the
presence of Class 1 Integron and antimicrobial resistance and to evaluate the presence of virulence
genes located in the islands of virulence 1 (invA) and 2 (sseD), gene encoding long polar fimbriae
(lpfA) and plasmidial spvR, to identify the virulence profiles and pathogenicity potential of
Salmonella enterica serovars isolated from carcasses, hearts, livers, gizzards and environment of
slaughterhouses located in the State of Goiás and on chicken carcasses marketed in commercial
establishments in Goiânia -GO. The highest resistance frequency was observed for ceftiofur,
19.12% (13/68), followed by streptomycin, gentamicin, tobramycin, tetracycline and trimetropic,
16.18% (11/68) both, nalidixic acid 14.71% (10/68), ampicillin 13.24% (9/68), and enrofloxacin
2,94% (2/68). No resistance was observed for ciprofloxacin, only intermediate, 45.59% (31/68),
100% (68/68) of the isolates were sensitive to amikacin and chloramphenicol. Of the 68 isolates
22 (32.35%) were resistant to one or more antimicrobial principles. Twelve profiles of
antimicrobial resistance were identified, 54.54% (12/22) of the isolates presented multiresistance.
The variable region of Class 1 Integron was detected in 63.23% (43/68) of the isolates. The
presence of this region was not associated with antimicrobial resistance. All slaughterhouses and
in most commercial establishments it was possible to identify Salmonella enterica carrying the
Integron of class 1 demonstrating the ubiquity of the same. The invA gene was identified in 100%
(59/59), sseD in 92.53% (54/59), lpfA in 86.51% (52/54) and spvR in 86.18% (49/59) of the
serovars of Salmonella enterica. Six virulence profiles were identified, 77.97% of the isolates were
grouped in profile A characterized by the presence of the four virulence genes simultaneously. The
knowledge of the virulence profiles of the isolates allows to affirm that the serovars identified in
the state of Goiás are potentially virulent and capable of triggering disease in poultry production
systems and in humans.<br>Salmonella enterica é um patógeno de veiculação alimentar com mecanismos de patogenicidade
multifatoriais e complexos. A identificação da presença de genes de virulência e de perfis de
resistência a antimicrobianos em isolados de origem avícola fornece informações relevantes quanto
ao risco atribuído ao consumo de produtos contaminados pelo agente. Pelo exposto, objetivou-se
com este trabalho verificar o perfil de suscetibilidade de Salmonella enterica para ácido nalidíxico
(30μg), amicacina (30μg), ampicilina (10mg), ceftiofur (30μg), cloranfenicol (30μg),
ciprofloxacina (5μg), enrofloxacina (5μg), estreptomicina (10mg), gentamicina (10mg),
tetraciclina (30μg), tobramicina (10mg) e trimetoprima (5μg), utilizados tanto na medicina humana
quanto animal. Investigar a presença de isolados multirresistentes. Detectar a presença do Integron
de classe e analisar a associação entre a presença deste e a resistência antimicrobiana. Ainda avaliar
a presença de genes de virulência localizados nas ilhas de virulência 1 (invA) e 2 (sseD), gene
codificador de fímbria polar longa (lpfA) e o plasmidial spvR em sorovares de Salmonella enterica
isolados a partir de carcaças, corações, fígados, moelas e ambiente de abate de abatedouros
localizados no estado de Goiás e em carcaças de frango comercializadas em estabelecimentos
comerciais de Goiânia -GO. A maior frequência de resistência foi obervada para ceftiofur, 19,12%
(13/68), seguido pelos antimicrobianos, estreptomicina, gentamicina, tobramicina, tetraciclina e
trimetropima, 16,18% (11/68), ácido nalidíxico 14,71% (10/68), amplicilina 13,24% (9/68), e
enrofloxacina 2,94% (2/68). Não foi observado resistência dos isolados para ciprofloxacina, sendo,
45,59% (31/68), considerados apenas intermediários. Entretanto, 100% (68/68) dos isolados foram
sensíveis à amicacina e ao cloranfenicol. Dos 68 isolados, 22 (32,35%) foram resistentes a um ou
mais princípios antimicrobianos. Foram identificados 12 perfis de resistência à antimicrobianos e
54,54% (12/22) dos isolados apresentaram multirresistência. A região variável do Integron de
Classe 1 foi detectado em 63,23% (43/68) dos isolados. A presença desta região não apresentou
associação com a resistência aos antimicrobianos. Em todos os abatedouros e na maioria dos
estabelecimentos comerciais foi possível identificar Salmonella enterica transportando o Integron
de classe 1, demonstrando a ubiquidade do mesmo. O gene invA foi identificado em 100% (59/59),
sseD em 92,53% (54/59), lpfA em 86,51% (52/54) e spvR em 86,18% (49/59) dos sorovares de
Salmonella enterica. Foram identificados seis perfis de virulência (A, B, C, D, E e F). Ao todo,
77,97 % dos isolados se agruparam no perfil A, caracterizado pela presença dos quatro genes de
virulência simultaneamente. O conhecimento dos perfis de virulência dos isolados permite afirmar
que os sorovares identificados no estado de Goiás são potencialmente virulentos e capazes de
desencadear doença em sistemas de produção avícola e em humanos.
2
Gockel, Jonas. "Deciphering regulatory mechanism influencing qepA efflux pump expression in Escherichia coli." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinsk biokemi och mikrobiologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-410182.
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QepA is a plasmid-mediated efflux pump found in some strains of Escherichia coli, in which it significantly elevates the resistance against quinolones. The protein has similarities with 14-TMS major facilitator superfamily transporters and is situated in the inner membrane of the bacteria. It was acquired by horizontal gene transfer and integrated into a now inactivated class 1 integron, also harbouring several other antibiotic resistance genes such as rmtB and blaTEM-1. QepA alone is not sufficient to raise the resistance level over the clinical breakpoint and is in clinical isolates therefore associated with other quinolone antibiotic resistance genes or quinolone target point mutations. The mechanisms regulating qepA expression are not yet understood. Therefore, in this study the qepA gene was amplified from an E. coli clinical isolate and, together with its upstream promotor sequence, was inserted into the E. coli chromosome. It was shown that qepA gene expression can be induced by exposure to 0.5-fold MIC concentrations of ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim and other DNA damaging antimicrobials. The deletion of a LexA binding site situated after a PcW promotor, which was predicted to drive qepA expression, did not alter this induction behaviour. Nested deletions of up to 200 nts downstream sequence of the PcW promotor, led to the identification of a sequence region required for expression induction. This study showed that qepA expression is induced by environmental factors leading to DNA damage and further identified a previously unknown DNA sequence required for expression regulation.
3
Artazcoz, Lazcano Lucía 1963. "Desigualtats en salut en un marc integrat de gènere, classe social i treball." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7078.
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Objectiu: Analitzar l'impacte de les desigualtats de gènere i de classe relacionades amb el treball en l'estat de salut de les dones i els homes de 25 a 64 anys.<br/><br/>Mètodes: Tres dels cinc estudis inclosos en aquesta tesi han estat basats en l'Enquesta de Salut de Catalunya de 1994 i constitueixen una trilogia que analitza les desigualtats des de tres mirades: la que analitza les diferències en l'estat de salut entre les dones ocupades i les mestresses de casa; la que analitza l'efecte de la doble jornada en l'estat de salut sobre la salut de les dones i els homes i, finalment, la que compara les diferències de gènere en l'impacte de l'atur sobre l'estat de salut mental i examina el paper dels rols familiars. A més, hi ha dos estudis addicionals, un basat en l'Enquesta de Salut de Terrassa de 1998 i l'altre en la Encuesta Navarra de Condiciones de Trabajo de 1997 sobre les diferències de gènere en l'impacte de la doble jornada. L'anàlisi estadística s'ha basat fonamentalment en l'ajust de models de regressió logística multivariats separats pel sexe i, en el cas dels estudis basats en l'Enquesta de Salut de Catalunya, també per la classe.<br/><br/>Resultats: Es demostra que globalment la incorporació de les dones al mercat de treball sembla tenir un efecte positiu sobre el seu estat de salut però l'efecte invers en estils de vida relacionats amb el fet de disposar de temps lleure. Aquesta manca de temps lleure estaria associada a les dificultats per compaginar vida laboral i familiar, sobretot entre les dones de classes més desfavorides en les què l'impacte de la doble jornada sobre la salut - que en absolut afecta els homes - és superior que entre les dones més privilegiades. De fet, per a les dones que han de compaginar vida laboral i familiar, es demostra que disposar d'una persona contractada per a les feines de la llar té un efecte protector en la seva salut percebuda. Finalment, es demostra que perdre el treball remunerat té més impacte sobre la salut mental dels homes, però no per la menor implicació de les dones en el treball remunerat sinó per la seva major responsabilitat en la unitat familiar que actuaria com element protector.<br/><br/>Conclusions: L'anàlisi de les desigualtats en salut requereix la integració dels marcs de gènere i de classe i, en el cas de la població de 25 a 64 anys, del paper del treball remunerat i del domèstic. Els determinants socials de l'estat de salut de les dones i els homes són diferents i en gran mesura estan determinats per la interaccions amb la classe social i els treballs.<br>Objective: To analyse the impact of gender and class inequalities related to work in the health status of women and men aged 25-64.<br/><br/>Methods: Three of the five studies are based on the 1994 Catalonian Health Survey and constitute a trilogy that analyse health inequalities from three points of view: the health differences between female workers and full-time homemakers; the comparison of the effect of combining job and family responsibilities between women and men and, finally, the analysis of gender differences in the impact of unemployment on mental health and additionally examines de role of family responsibilities. Moreover, two additional studies based on the 1998 Terrassa Health Survey and on the 1997 Navarra Working Conditions Survey further analyse the gender differences in the impact of combining job and family demands on health. Statistical analysis has been based on the adjustment of multivariate logistic regression models separated for sex, and in the studies based on the Catalonian Health Survey, also by social class.<br/><br/>Results: Women entrance into the labour market has had an overall positive impact on their health but a reverse effect on lifestyles related to leisure time. The lack of leisure time is related to the difficulties for combining job and family responsbilities, primarily among less favoured women. In this group the impact of the double burden - that does not affect men's health - is higher than among more privileged women. In fact, among women who have to combined job and family demands, hiring a domestic worker is protective for their self-perceived health status. Finally, we have demonstrated that loosing a job have a higher impact on male's mental health, but it seems that this is not related to the lower attachment of women to the labour markers, but to their higher involvement on family responsibilities that buffers the impact of unemployment.<br/><br/>Conclusions: The analysis of gender inequalities in health requires the integration of the gender and social class frameworks and, among people aged 25-64, also of that of work. Social determinants of health status of women and men are different and, to a great extent, they are determined by the interactions with social class and work.
4
Artazcoz, Lazcano Lucía. "Desigualtats en salut en un marc integrat de gènere, classe social i treball." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7078.
Full textAbstract:
Objectiu: Analitzar l'impacte de les desigualtats de gènere i de classe relacionades amb el treball en l'estat de salut de les dones i els homes de 25 a 64 anys.Mètodes: Tres dels cinc estudis inclosos en aquesta tesi han estat basats en l'Enquesta de Salut de Catalunya de 1994 i constitueixen una trilogia que analitza les desigualtats des de tres mirades: la que analitza les diferències en l'estat de salut entre les dones ocupades i les mestresses de casa; la que analitza l'efecte de la doble jornada en l'estat de salut sobre la salut de les dones i els homes i, finalment, la que compara les diferències de gènere en l'impacte de l'atur sobre l'estat de salut mental i examina el paper dels rols familiars. A més, hi ha dos estudis addicionals, un basat en l'Enquesta de Salut de Terrassa de 1998 i l'altre en la Encuesta Navarra de Condiciones de Trabajo de 1997 sobre les diferències de gènere en l'impacte de la doble jornada. L'anàlisi estadística s'ha basat fonamentalment en l'ajust de models de regressió logística multivariats separats pel sexe i, en el cas dels estudis basats en l'Enquesta de Salut de Catalunya, també per la classe.Resultats: Es demostra que globalment la incorporació de les dones al mercat de treball sembla tenir un efecte positiu sobre el seu estat de salut però l'efecte invers en estils de vida relacionats amb el fet de disposar de temps lleure. Aquesta manca de temps lleure estaria associada a les dificultats per compaginar vida laboral i familiar, sobretot entre les dones de classes més desfavorides en les què l'impacte de la doble jornada sobre la salut - que en absolut afecta els homes - és superior que entre les dones més privilegiades. De fet, per a les dones que han de compaginar vida laboral i familiar, es demostra que disposar d'una persona contractada per a les feines de la llar té un efecte protector en la seva salut percebuda. Finalment, es demostra que perdre el treball remunerat té més impacte sobre la salut mental dels homes, però no per la menor implicació de les dones en el treball remunerat sinó per la seva major responsabilitat en la unitat familiar que actuaria com element protector.Conclusions: L'anàlisi de les desigualtats en salut requereix la integració dels marcs de gènere i de classe i, en el cas de la població de 25 a 64 anys, del paper del treball remunerat i del domèstic. Els determinants socials de l'estat de salut de les dones i els homes són diferents i en gran mesura estan determinats per la interaccions amb la classe social i els treballs.<br>Objective: To analyse the impact of gender and class inequalities related to work in the health status of women and men aged 25-64.Methods: Three of the five studies are based on the 1994 Catalonian Health Survey and constitute a trilogy that analyse health inequalities from three points of view: the health differences between female workers and full-time homemakers; the comparison of the effect of combining job and family responsibilities between women and men and, finally, the analysis of gender differences in the impact of unemployment on mental health and additionally examines de role of family responsibilities. Moreover, two additional studies based on the 1998 Terrassa Health Survey and on the 1997 Navarra Working Conditions Survey further analyse the gender differences in the impact of combining job and family demands on health. Statistical analysis has been based on the adjustment of multivariate logistic regression models separated for sex, and in the studies based on the Catalonian Health Survey, also by social class.Results: Women entrance into the labour market has had an overall positive impact on their health but a reverse effect on lifestyles related to leisure time. The lack of leisure time is related to the difficulties for combining job and family responsbilities, primarily among less favoured women. In this group the impact of the double burden - that does not affect men's health - is higher than among more privileged women. In fact, among women who have to combined job and family demands, hiring a domestic worker is protective for their self-perceived health status. Finally, we have demonstrated that loosing a job have a higher impact on male's mental health, but it seems that this is not related to the lower attachment of women to the labour markers, but to their higher involvement on family responsibilities that buffers the impact of unemployment.Conclusions: The analysis of gender inequalities in health requires the integration of the gender and social class frameworks and, among people aged 25-64, also of that of work. Social determinants of health status of women and men are different and, to a great extent, they are determined by the interactions with social class and work.
5
Santos, Cátia Raquel Talhas. "Screening of class 1 integrons in clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacteria." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/8919.
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Mestrado em Microbiologia Molecular<br>Actualmente, é cada vez mais frequente a associação de bactérias
oportunistas e comensais resistentes a antibióticos com infecções
nosocomiais. Este problema clínico tornou-se preocupante e deve-se
ao uso indiscriminado de antibióticos. Perante esta pressão selectiva,
as bactérias desenvolvem diferentes mecanismos de resistência a estes
compostos. A presença de estruturas capazes de transportar genes de
resistência, designadas por integrões, que contribuem para a
disseminação destes genes bem como a sua associação com o perfil de
resistência de bactérias constitui o objectivo do presente trabalho.
Assim, foram recolhidas amostras de superfícies das instalações
sanitárias, do serviço de Medicina II, do Hospital Infante D. Pedro,
Aveiro. Após o isolamento das bactérias em meio selectivo para Gramnegativas
(MacKonkey), todos os isolados foram sujeitos a tipagem
molecular por BOX-PCR. O perfil de bandas obtido após electroforese
foi analisado com o programa GelCompar II software (Applied Maths,
Kortrijk, Belgium), permitindo distinguir diferentes grupos clonais. De
cada grupo clonal foi seleccionado um isolado para os estudos
posteriores, resultando num total de 45 isolados distintos.
A pesquisa de integrões classe 1 iniciou-se por um “screening” para o
gene da integrase. Nos 25 isolados positivos para este gene, foi
amplificada e caracterizada a respectiva região variável. A sequência
nucleotídica dos amplicões foi comparada com outras depositadas na
base de dados.
Os resultados mostraram a presença de integrões em diferentes
espécies (Pseudomonas putida, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli,
Pseudomonas mendocina, Proteus mirabillis e Morganella morganii).
As regiões variáveis apresentavam diferentes tamanhos e diferentes
arranjos de genes. Em geral, predominam gene cassettes que
conferem resistência aos aminoglicosídeos, trimetoprime e metalo-β-
lactamases. A localização destas estruturas no genoma bacteriano foi
efectuada por “southern blot”; o DNA genómico foi digerido com a
enzima S1, e sujeito a hibridação com sondas para os genes 16S e da
integrase revelando que a maioria dos integrões estão localizados em
plasmídeos.
Como conclusão geral, verifica-se a prevalência de isolados contendo
determinantes genéticos de resistência em superfícies inanimadas do
ambiente hospitalar (53.33%), os quais podem constituir um potencial
risco para os pacientes, uma vez que se trata de bactérias oportunistas.
O facto de estes genes de resistência estarem associados a elementos
genéticos móveis, nomeadamente transposões e muitas vezes
plasmídeos, facilita a sua disseminação no ambiente hospitalar,
principalmente por transferência horizontal de genes.<br>Currently, it is becoming frequent the association of antibiotic
resistant opportunistic and commensal bacteria with nosocomial
infections. This is a clinical problem of concern and is based on the
indiscriminate use of antibiotics. Given the selective pressure within
the hospital environment, bacteria develop different resistance
mechanisms to these compounds. The presence of structures,
referred as integrons, that carry and disseminate these resistance
genes among bacteria and their association with the bacteria
resistance profile constitutes the aim of the present study.
To this end we collected samples from surfaces of sanitary facilities,
of the Medicine II service of the Hospital Infante D. Pedro, Aveiro.
After bacteria isolation on a selective medium (MacKonkey) for
Gram negatives, all the isolates were molecular typed by BOX-PCR.
After electrophoresis, the banding pattern was analysed with the
GelCompar II software (Applied Maths, Kortrijk, Belgium), which
allowed for the selection of different clonal groups. One isolate was
selected from each group for further studies.
Forty five isolates were selected for the screening of class 1
integrons. In the twenty-five positive isolates respective variable
region was amplified and characterized. Amplicons nucleotide
sequences were compared with others deposited in databases.
The results revealed the presence of integrons in different species
(Pseudomonas putida, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli,
Pseudomonas mendocina, Proteus mirabillis e Morganella
morganii). Different lenghts of variable regions and different genes
arrays were found. Generally gene cassettes conferring resistance to
aminoglycosides trimethoprim and metallo-β-lactamases were
predominante. Southern hybridization of S1 digested genomic DNA
with 16 rDNA and integrase genes labeled probes revealed that the
majority of the integrons are located in plasmids.
To conclude, is important to refer that there is a prevalence of
opportunistic bacteria possessing integrons in inanimate surfaces
within the hospital environment, which can constitute risk to the
debilitated patients. Moreover, these structures are associated with
mobile genetic elements, mainly transposons and many times
plasmids, which facilitates the dissemination of these antibiotic
resistance genes in the hospital environment, mainly by horizontal
gene transfer.
6
Simo, Tchuinte Pierrette Landrie. "Intégrons de classe 3 : aspects mécanistiques et épidémiologiques." Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0009/document.
Full textAbstract:
Les intégrons sont des supports génétiques bactériens de capture, d’expression et de dissémination de gènes de résistance aux antibiotiques sous forme de cassettes. Ils sont majoritairement décrits chez les bactéries à Gram négatif chez qui ils confèrent généralement un phénotype de multirésistance. Les intégrons de résistance (IR) jouent un rôle majeur dans l’acquisition de la résistance dans le monde bactérien. Il existe 3 principales classes d’IR ; les IR de classe 1, les IR de classe 2 et les IR de classe 3 (IR3). Contrairement aux 2 premières classes, les IR3 représentent la classe d’intégrons de résistance la moins étudiée. Très peu de travaux s’intéressent à leur étude et on dénombre actuellement moins de 10 IR3 entièrement caractérisés. Les objectifs de ce travail de thèse étaient (i) d’effectuer une étude épidémiologique des IR3 en France et au Cameroun et (ii) d’étudier les modalités d’expression de l’intégrase et des cassettes de ces intégrons. Nos travaux ont permis d’isoler puis de décrire 3 nouveaux IR3 présents au sein de bactéries environnementales appartenant aux genres Aeromonas, Acinetobacter et Citrobacter. Les cassettes de ces IR3 codent des résistances aux bétalactamines, aminosides et ammoniums quaternaires. De plus, nous avons caractérisé des IR3 dans 3 souches de Delftia spp. (2 D.acidovorans et 1 D. tsuruhatensis) isolées en Afrique ; les cassettes de ces intégrons ne codent pas de résistance aux antibiotiques. L’axe plus fondamental de ce travail de thèse a permis de montrer que le PintI3(1) est le promoteur impliqué dans l’expression du gène intI3. De plus, nous avons montré que les variants du promoteur Pc, ainsi que les variants du promoteur PintI3(1) sont fonctionnels et de force différente. Il ressort de nos travaux que l’environnement constituerait un réservoir d’intégrons de classe 3 et que ces supports génétiques pourraient jouer un rôle important dans la dissémination de la résistance au sein de cet écosystème<br>Integrons are bacterial genetic elements able to capture and express genes embedded within gene cassettes. They are widely described among Gram-negative bacteria and generally confer a multidrug resistance phenotype. Resistance integrons (RI) play an important role in the acquisition of antibiotic resistance. There are 3 main classes of RI. Class 3 RI has been poorly studied class with less than ten fully IR3 characterized. Objectives of this thesis were (i) to conduct an epidemiological study of class 3 RI in France and Cameroon and (ii) to better understand the modes of expression of the integrase and cassettes of IR3. We described 3 new class 3 RI isolated from environmental bacteria belonging to genus Aeromonas, Acinetobacter and Citrobacter. Gene cassettes encoded resistance to betalactams, aminoglycosides and quaternary ammonium compounds. We also described IR3 from three Delftia strains (2 D.acidovorans and 1 D.tsuruhatensis) in Africa containing cassettes that do not encode antibiotic resistance. The fundamental part of the work showed that the PintI3(1) promoter is involved in the expression of the intI3 gene. Furthermore, we demonstrated that variants of the Pc promoter and variants of the PintI3(1) promoter are functional with different strengths. These results showed that the environment may constitute a reservoir of class 3 integrons and that these genetic elements could play an important role in the spread of the resistance in this ecosystem
7
Bishop, Shannon Renee Smith. "Gabor and wavelet analysis with applications to Schatten class integral operators." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33976.
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This thesis addresses four topics in the area of applied harmonic analysis. First, we show that the affine densities of separable wavelet frames affect the frame properties. In particular, we describe a new relationship between the affine densities, frame bounds and weighted admissibility constants of the mother wavelets of pairs of separable wavelet frames. This result is also extended to wavelet frame sequences. Second, we consider affine pseudodifferential operators, generalizations of pseudodifferential operators that model wideband wireless communication channels. We find two classes of Banach spaces, characterized by wavelet and ridgelet transforms, so that inclusion of the kernel and symbol in appropriate spaces ensures the operator is Schatten p-class. Third, we examine the Schatten class properties of pseudodifferential operators. Using Gabor frame techniques, we show that if the kernel of a pseudodifferential operator lies in a particular mixed modulation space, then the operator is Schatten p-class. This result improves existing theorems and is sharp in the sense that larger mixed modulation spaces yield operators that are not Schatten class. The implications of this result for the Kohn-Nirenberg symbol of a pseudodifferential operator are also described. Lastly, Fourier integral operators are analyzed with Gabor frame techniques. We show that, given a certain smoothness in the phase function of a Fourier integral operator, the inclusion of the symbol in appropriate mixed modulation spaces is sufficient to guarantee that the operator is Schatten p-class.
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Avsaroglu, M. Dilek. "Isolation, Molecular Characterization Of Food-borne Drug Resistant Salmonella Spp. And Detection Of Class 1 Integrons." Phd thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608844/index.pdf.
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In this study, 59 epidemiologically unrelated Salmonella strains isolated from foods
in Tü<br>rkiye and 49 Salmonella strains obtained from National Salmonella Reference
Laboratories of Germany were analysed. For the characterization of strains, analyses
such as serotyping, phage typing, antibiotyping and molecular biological
characterization were done. The strains exhibited 17 different serotypes with S.
Enteritidis serotype and PT21 phage type being the most prevalent in Turkish
isolates. The highest antimicrobial resistance was observed against NAL for Turkish
strains, whereas it was against SUL for strains from German origin. Molecular typing
of all strains exhibited different plasmid profiles and PFGE patterns. There were
1-4 plasmids/profile for Turkish strains and 1-7 plasmids/profile for German strains.
The PFGE patterns revealed 42 different subgroups, having two major clusters with
44,3% arbitrary homology. Among 72 resistant strains, the most prevalent resistance
genotypes were observed as blatem-1 (%56, AMP resistance)<br>floR (%100, CHL and
FFC resistance)<br>aphA1 (%100, KAN and NEO resistance)<br>tet(A) (%53, TET
resistance)<br>aadA1 (%82, SPE and STR resistance)<br>sulI (%78, SUL resistance). The
class I integron variable region analyses exhibited 700 bp (1 strain), 1000 bp (37
strain), 1200 bp (16 strain) and 1600 bp (3 strain) integrons.
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Castanheira, Mariana [UNIFESP]. "Caracterização de genes que codificam beta-lactamases mediadas por integrons de classe 1 em amostras de Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2005. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/20570.
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Previous issue date: 2005<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)<br>BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
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Hogan, Victoria. "Characterization of HLA Class I antigens on platelets as integral or adsorbed membrane proteins." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/7708.
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To determine whether HLA-A,B antigens on platelets are integral membrane constituents or simply represent adsorbed plasma proteins, the degree to which they are adsorbed, and the relative ease with which they elute off platelet membranes was studied using various treatments known to elute passively adsorbed membrane proteins. In addition, this question was investigated at the RNA level using phytohemagglutinin stimulation to determine whether platelets have the capacity to respond with de-novo synthesis of HLA antigens and by enzymatic amplification of platelet derived mRNA to attempt to demonstrate the presence of nascent message encoding for these antigens. HLA antigen present on platelet membranes did not elute when platelets were incubated in autologous plasma or in plasma from homologous, antigen negative donors. When HLA-A2 negative platelets were incubated in HLA-A2 positive plasma a small amount of HLA-A2 antigen was detectable indicating that platelets possess the ability, to a limited extent, to absorb HLA antigen from the plasma, in vitro. The results indicate that the majority of HLA antigen present on platelet membranes can be selectively eluted without a concomitant loss of known integral membrane proteins such as GPIIIa. These findings argue in favor of the existent hypothesis that HLA antigens are absorbed platelet membrane proteins. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Conter, Clarice da Silva. "A prática das assembleias de classe em uma escola da rede marista e sua relevância na concepção da educação integral." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2018. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/7281.
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Previous issue date: 2018-04-13<br>Nenhuma<br>Esta pesquisa tem a finalidade de analisar a prática das assembleias de classe, com estudantes do Ensino Fundamental 2, bem como a sua implicação na concepção da educação integral. A pesquisa teve uma abordagem qualitativa e os instrumentos utilizados foram a entrevista semiestruturada com os gestores, o grupo focal com os estudantes, os registros no diário de pesquisa, a análise dos documentos da instituição e as observações, onde foram analisadas as práticas das assembleias de classe com estudantes de 7o anos de uma escola particular da Rede Marista. Na análise foram exploradas as relações da prática das assembleias com alguns conceitos, como democracia, autoritarismo, valores, momentos de mediação de conflitos, bullying e outros. A partir da análise dos resultados, concluiu-se que a prática da assembleia possibilitou, em algumas situações, a autorregulação do grupo, o exercício da empatia de saber ouvir o outro. Também que algumas questões ainda não se conseguem resolver na assembleia e que esse momento não é só para resolver os conflitos, mas, sim, possibilitar momentos de fala, escuta, organização pessoal e de grupo, educação em valores, exercício da cidadania e outras questões pertinentes à formação integral e ética.<br>This research has the finality to parsing the practice of class assemblies, with students of Elementary School 2, as well as its implication in conception of integral education. The research had a qualitative approach and the instruments used were the half structured interview with the managers, the focal group with the students, the records in the research diary, the analysis in the institute documents and the observations, where the class assemblies practice were analysed with the 7º grade students from a private school of the Marista chain. In the analysis were explored the relations in assemblies practices with some concepts, such as democracy, authoritarianism, moments of conflict intercession, bullying and other. From the analysis attainment, it was concluded that the assemblies practice enables, in some situations, the group self-regulation, the empathy exercise of lore and listen each other. Some questions still can’t be solved in the assemblage and this moment is not only to just settle conflicts, but, it is used as a moment to talk, listen, personal and group organization, values education, citizenship exercise and other issues relevant to integral and ethical formation.
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Pérez, Moreno Mª del Mar. "Resistencia antibiótica asociada a integrones de clase 1 en aislados humanos de enterobacterias de dos contextos epidemiológicos: zoonosis por "Salmonella enterica" e infección por "Klebsiella pneumoniae" adquirida en un centro sociosanitario." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/83496.
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OBJETIVO: Establecer la contribución de los integrones de clase 1 a la resistencia antibiótica en aislados clínicos de enterobacterias de dos contextos epidemiológicos: zoonosis por Salmonella enterica e infección por Klebsiella pneumoniae resistente a amoxicilina/clavulánico (ACL) adquirida en un centro sociosanitario.
AISLADOS: Se estudiaron (a) 92 aislados humanos de Salmonella enterica serotipo Typhimurium (ST) recuperados entre 2004 y 2006 en el laboratorio de microbiología del Hospital Verge de la Cinta de Tortosa (35 aislados adicionales de una colección de 2000-2001 para estudios de epidemiología molecular) y 382 aislados de S. enterica de otros serotipos (SNT) recuperados en ese laboratorio en 2001 y entre 2004 y 2009 (b) 45 aislados de K. pneumoniae resistentes a ACL y sensibles a cefazolina y dos resistentes a ACL con fenotipo sugestivo de AmpC plasmídica y resistencia transferible a quinolonas recuperados entre 2006 y 2008 de muestras clínicas de pacientes de un centro sociosanitario de la región sanitaria Terres de l’Ebre.
RESULTADOS: (a) Salmonella enterica: El 77,2% de los aislados de ST y el 16,5% de los de SNT fueron resistentes a más de dos familias de antibióticos (MDR). El 3,3% de los aislados de ST y el 41% de los de SNT fueron resistentes a ácido nalidíxico y sólo se constató resistencia a ciprofloxacino en tres aislados de S. Kentucky. Las β-lactamasas presentes en los aislados de ST resistentes a amoxicilina (60,9%) fueron OXA-1 (52%), TEM-1 (32%) y PSE-1 (18,7%) y en los aislados resistentes de SNT (24,3%) TEM-1 (90,3%), CTX-M-9 (1 aislado de S. Virchow y 1 aislado de S. Grumpensis qnrA1 positivo), CTX-M-15 (1 aislado de S. Kapemba) y DHA-1 (1 aislado de S. Newport qnrB4 positivo); ésta es la primera descripción de β-lactamasas de espectro extendido en S. Kapemba y S. Grumpensis. 56 aislados de ST y 35 de SNT, todos excepto uno MDR, poseían integrones de clase 1. En ST los aislados predominantes fueron los que albergaban el integrón de región variable (RV) blaOXA-1-aadA1, cuya frecuencia superaba la registrada para el conjunto de España, seguidos de los aislados con el perfil de integrones aadA2 + blaPSE-1 típico de la presencia de SGI1; la mayoría de aislados con uno u otro perfil de integrones estaban relacionados clonalmente. En SNT se identificaron 11 tipos de integrones en 15 serotipos distintos (incluidos S. Kapemba, S. Mikawasima y S. ser [9,12:Iv:i:-] en los que no se habían descrito previamente), siendo los de RV dfrA1-aadA1, dfrA17-aadA5 y dfrA12-orf-aadA2 los presentes en mayor número de serotipos; en los dos aislados blaCTX-M-9 positivos, este gen estaba ubicado en un integrón complejo cuya RV 1 fue dfrA16-aadA2 en S. Virchow y aadB-aadA2 en S. Grumpnesis. Se detectaron dos variantes de integrones atípicos asociados a sul3: dfrA12-orF-aadA2-cmlA-aad1 (5 aislados de ST y 4 de S. Enteritidis) y estX-psp (2 S. Grumpensis). Este último integrón y el de RV aadA13-sat, también identificado en S. Grumpensis, no se habían descrito anteriormente en S. enterica. (b) Klebsiella pneumoniae centro socio-sanitario: Todos los aislados resistentes a ACL y sensibles a cefazolina producían una penicilinasa resistente a inhibidores, IRT-11 (n=19) u OXA-1 (n=26). Los aislados productores de IRT-11 se agrupaban en tres clones y sólo uno portaba un integrón de clase 1 (RV dfrA12-orf-aadA2); este es el segundo caso comunicado de brote nosocomial por producción de un enzima IRT. Todos los aislados productores de OXA-1 eran MDR y 23 de ellos acarreaban un integrón de clase 1, transferible por conjugación y asociado a qnrS2, de RV [aac (6’)-1b-cr- blaOXA1-catB3-arr3], que en tres aislados era defectivo en 3’. Los aislados se agrupaban en tres clones diferentes según poseyesen integrones de clase 1 convencionales, defectivos o no presentaran integrones. Un integrón de idéntica RV y vinculado a blaDHA-1 y qnrB4 en un integrón complejo de nueva estructura (Genbank GU906294) muy semejante a In37 y del que se diferenciaba por haber sufrido la deleción, por la inserción de IS26, de la región comprendida entre la primera copia de 3’CS y qnrB4, se detectó en otros dos aislados MDR de K. pneumoniae, indistinguibles genéticamente y qnrS2 positivos.<br>The aim of this work was to assess the contribution of class 1 integrons to antimicrobial resistance in clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae of human origin from two epidemiological settings: zoonosis caused by Salmonella enterica and infection due to amoxicillin-clavulanate(ACL)-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae acquired in a chronic care center.
RESULTS: (a) S. Typhimurium: 71 of the 92 isolates recovered from 2004 to 2006 at the microbiology laboratory of Hospital Verge de la Cinta (Tortosa. Catalonia. Spain) were multidrug-resistant (MDR), of which 56 carried class 1 integrons. Isolates bearing the blaOXA-1-aadA1 variable region integron were the commonest among this serovar, showing a higher frequency than that reported in other areas of Spain, followed by isolates exhibiting the integron profile typical of SGI1 (aadA2 + blaPSE-1); most isolates displaying any of these two integron profiles shared identical genotype. Five isolates possessed a sul3-associated class 1 integron whose structure was 5’CS–dfrA12–orfF–aadA2–cmlA1–aadA1–qacH–IS440–sul3. (b) Non-Typhimurium S. enterica: 16.5% of the 382 isolates recovered in 2001 and from 2004-2009 at the same laboratory were MDR and 35 carried class 1 integrons. Overall, 11 different class 1 integrons were identified in 15 distinct serotypes (including S. Kapemba, S. Mikawasima and S. ser [9,12:Iv:i:-], where they had not been previously described), being those with dfrA1-aadA1, dfrA17-aadA5 and dfrA12-orf-aadA2 variable regions the most widely distributed. Two isolates (one qnrA1 positive S. Grumpensis and one S. Virchow) bore a complex class 1 integron linked to blaCTX-M-9 and 4 S. Enteritidis and 2 S. Rissen carried atypical sul3-type integrons (5’CS–dfrA12–orfF–aadA2–cmlA1–aadA1–qacH–IS440–sul3 and 5’CS–estX-psp-IS440–sul3, respectively). The former integron and the aadA13-sat one, detected in S. Grumpensis, had never been reported before in S. enterica. (c) Klebsiella pneumoniae: 47 ACL-resistant (45 cefazolin-susceptible and 2 broad-spectrum-cephalosporin-resistant) isolates, recovered between 2006 and 2008 from patients attending a chronic care center, were investigated. All cefazolin-susceptible isolates produced an inhibitor-resistant penicillinase, IRT 11 (n= 19) or OXA-1 (n=26); 23 OXA-1-producing isolates harboured a class 1 integron, associated with qnrS2, with the aac(6’)- Ib-cr, blaOXA-1, catB3, arr3 cassette arrangement (in 3 cases the integron was defective in 3’ end). An integron with identical structure, linked to blaDHA-1 and qnrB4 within an In37-like complex class 1 integron of novel structure (Genbank GU906294), was found in two epidemiologically closely related qnrS2 positive isolates.
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Alessandrini, Elizabeth Accioly. "Desenvolvimento afetivo de crianças pre-escolares em classe de periodo integral e parcial." [s.n.], 1997. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/252738.
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Orientador: Orly Zucatto Mantovani de Assis<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-23T07:11:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 1997<br>Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo comparar o desenvolvimento afetivo das crianças pré-escolares de classes de período integral com o apresentado pelas crianças frequentadoras de classes de período parcial.
Esta pesquisa se baseou teorica e experimentalmente nas concepções piagetianas sobre a afetividade e as constantes do Programa de Educação PréEscolar e de 10 Grau ( PROEPRE). A amostra pesquisada foi constituída de 38 sujeitos e suas respectivas professoras de seis turmas de pré-escola da rede pública municipal de Paulínia-S.P. Foram utilizados como procedimentos metodológicos: 1- para os sujeitos: a técnica de entrevista, baseada no Método Clínico de Jean Piaget, em que as questões versaram sobre os sentimentos interindividuais de simpatias e antipatias, os primeiros sentimentos morais e o bem-estar na escola e atividade de expressão gráfica (desenho); 2- para as professoras: aplicação de roteiros de avaliação e questionários. Os resultados demonstraram que os níveis de desenvolvimento afetivo apresentados pelas crianças das classes de período integral são qualitativamente diferentes dos apresentados pelas crianças de turmas de período parcial<br>Abstract: The aim of this work is to compare the affective development of pre-school children enrolled in full-time classes and the ones in part-time classes.This research was theoretical and experimentally based on the piagetian conceptions about affectivity as well as the Infantile Teaching and 1st Grade Programme (PROEPRE). Thirty-eight subjects and their teachers from six classes from a pre-school of the municipal teaching system from Paulinia -8. P., took part of this research. The methodological procedures used were: 1- with subjects: an interview based on the Clinical Method of Jean Piaget. The questions were about the interindividual feelings of likings and dislikings, the first moral feelings and the wellfare in school; a grafic representation activity (drawing); 2- with teachers: application of a schedule of evaluation and questionaries. The results showed that the affective development levels of children enrolled in full-time classes are qualitativelly different from the ones in part-time classes<br>Mestrado<br>Psicologia Educacional<br>Mestre em Educação
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Bauer-Price, Pia. "The Selberg Trace Formula for PSL(2, OK) for imaginary quadratic number fields K of arbitrary class number." Bonn : [s.n.], 1991. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/26531368.html.
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Assaad, Joyce. "Transformées de Riesz associées aux opérateurs de Schrödinger avec des potentiels négatifs." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14106/document.
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Dans cette thèse nous étudions la bornitude des transformées de Riesz associées aux opérateurs de Schrödinger avec des potentiels qui admettent des parties négatives.Cette étude a lieu dans un premier temps sur les espaces de Lebesgue Lp(RN, dx), puissur les espaces Lp(M, dx) où M est une variété Riemannienne de type homogène et dans un dernier temps sur les espaces à poids Lp(RN,wdx). Nous considérons également,sur ces espaces à poids, la bornitude du calcul fonctionnel holomorphe associé et la bornitude des puissances négatives de l’opérateur de Schrödinger<br>In this thesis we study the boundedness of Riesz transforms associated to Schrödinger operators with potentials having negative parts. First we consider the boundednesson Lp(RN, dx), then on Lp(M, dx) where M is a Riemannian manifold of homogeneous type. Finally we treat the boundedness of Riesz transforms on Lp(RN,wdx). As we consider, on the weighted spaces, the boundedness of the associated holomorphicfunctional calculus and the boundedness of the negative powers of the Schrödinger operator
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Alves, Thiago Antonini [UNESP]. "Aplicação da transformada integral e da transformação conforme na solução de uma classe de problemas difusivo-convectivos em domínios de geometrias não-convencionais." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88876.
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alves_ta_me_ilha.pdf: 8112255 bytes, checksum: 408af7eb63e2a3050e7bda3fd133d8cf (MD5)<br>Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)<br>O presente trabalho trata da solução de uma classe de problemas difusivo-convectivos, tanto de natureza elíptica como parabólica, em domínios de geometrias não-convencionais, através da aplicação da Transformada Integral. Para facilitar o tratamento analítico e a aplicação das condições de contorno, antes da aplicação da Técnica da Transformada Integral Generalizada - TTIG sobre a equação governante do problema estudado, emprega-se uma Transformação Conforme - TC visando efetuar uma mudança de coordenadas adequada. Analisa-se inicialmente o problema hidrodinâmico do escoamento laminar completamente desenvolvido de fluidos Newtonianos no interior de dutos. Para a obtenção do campo de velocidades do escoamento aplica-se a TTIG sobre a equação da quantidade de movimento. Os parâmetros hidrodinâmicos de interesse, tais como: velocidades média e máxima, fator de atrito de Fanning, fator de Hagenbach, número de Poiseuille, comprimento de entrada hidrodinâmico e queda de pressão são calculados para as diversas geometrias. Feito isso, efetua-se o estudo dos problemas difusivo-convectivos relacionados à transferência de calor do escoamento laminar hidrodinamicamente desenvolvido e termicamente em desenvolvimento de fluidos Newtonianos com perfil de temperatura de entrada uniforme em dutos submetidos a condições de contorno de Dirichlet. Para a obtenção do campo de temperatura aplica-se a TTIG sobre a equação da energia e então, calculam-se os parâmetros térmicos de interesse: temperatura média de mistura, números de Nusselt local e médio e comprimento de entrada térmica. Realiza-se, quando possível, a comparação dos resultados obtidos para os parâmetros termos-hidráulicos com os disponíveis na literatura.<br>The present work describes the solution of a class of elliptical-parabolic diffusiveconvective problems, on unconventional geometries, employing the Generalized Integral Transform Technique (GITT). In order to facilitate the analytical treatment and the application of the boundary conditions, a Conformal Transform (CT) is used to change the domain into a more suitable coordinate system, just before GITT is to be applied. First of all, using this procedure, the hydrodynamic problem of fully developed Newtonian laminar flow inside ducts is analyzed. In order to obtain the velocity field, GITT is applied on the momentum equation. Interesting hydrodynamic parameters, such as: maximum and minimum velocity values, Fanning friction and Hagenbach factors, Poiseuille number, hydrodynamic entry length, as well as pressure loss, are evaluated for several geometries. Following that, diffusive-convective problems are studied in relationship to the heat transfer in hydrodynamically fully developed and thermally non-developed Newtonian laminar flow inside ducts under Dirichlet boundary conditions, considering uniform temperature entrance profile. In order to obtain the temperature field, GITT is applied on the energy equation, evaluating the relevant parameters: bulk mean temperature, average and local Nusselt numbers and thermal entry length. The results are compared, as much as possible, with the parameter values available in the literature.
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Aubert, Daniel. "Mobilité et expression du gène blaVEB-1 codant pour une β-lactamase de spectre étendu de bacilles à Gram négatif". Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA077004.
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Cruz, Barrón Magali de la. "Compartmentalization of class 1 integrons and IncP-1 plasmids in the Orne river (France), an aquatic ecosystem impacted by urban and industrial anthropogenic pressures." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0212/document.
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Les éléments génétiques mobiles (EGM) sont des structures génétiques fréquemment associées à la dissémination de gènes de résistance aux antibiotiques (GRA). Dans ce travail, nous avons utilisé deux EGM comme « proxies », les intégrons de classe 1 et les plasmides IncP-1, afin de mieux comprendre (i) le devenir possible des GRA une fois relargués dans un écosystème fluvial (l’Orne, France), ainsi que (ii) l’effet des pressions anthropiques sur leur persistance. À partir d'analyses de l'eau des rivières, nous avons pu montrer que les deux EGM ne se comportaient pas de la même manière. L'entrée des intégrons de classe 1 dans le système fluvial semblait être diffuse plutôt que ponctuelle, tandis que l'abondance du plasmide IncP-1 est relativement stable le long de la section de la rivière étudiée (23 km), indiquant ainsi une origine plutôt indigène. Les intrants anthropiques tels que les stations d’épuration des eaux usées ne semblent pas affecter l’abondance des EGM en raison d’un niveau trop élevé de dilution des effluents. Par ailleurs, il est intéressant de noter que les bactéries porteuses d’EGM semblaient être enrichies sur les matières en suspension, susceptibles de servir de véhicule pour amener des communautés de bactéries plus riches en EGM vers les sédiments. L'analyse de deux carottes de sédiment indique clairement que seules les couches supérieures présentent un niveau élevé de bactéries porteuses d’EGM. Ces abondances diminuent dans les couches plus profondes où seules des zones ponctuelles présentent des microréservoirs avec des abondances d’EGM plus élevées. Pour une carotte sédimentaire au moins, nous avons pu montrer que l'abondance relative d’EGM corrèle négativement la présence de polluants tel que le plomb ou certains HAP<br>Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) are genetic structures frequently associated to the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). In this work, we used two of them as proxies, class 1 integrons and IncP-1 plasmids, to better understand (i) the possible fate of ARGs once released in a river ecosystem (Orne, France), as well as (ii) the effect of anthropogenic pressures on their persistence. From river water analyses, we could show that the two MGEs do not behave the same way. The entry of class 1 integrons in the river system appeared to be diffuse rather than punctual, while the abundance of IncP-1 plasmid is relatively stable along the river section studied (23 km) thus indicating a rather indigenous origin. Anthropic inputs such as wastewater treatment plant did not seem to affect the abundance of MGEs because a too high level of effluent dilution. Interestingly, MGE-bearing bacteria appeared to be enriched on suspended material, which is likely to serve as a vehicle to drive MGE-richer communities of bacteria toward the sediments. The analysis of two sediment cores clearly indicates that only the top layers displayed an elevated level of MGE-bearing bacteria. These abundances decrease in deeper layers where only localized zones display micro-reservoirs of elevated MGE abundances. For one sediment core at least, we could show that the relative abundance of MGE negatively correlates with pollutants such as lead or certain PAHs
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Silva, Paulo Leandro Dattori da. "Resolubilidade global para uma classe de campos vetoriais no Toro." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/5829.
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Previous issue date: 2004-12-10<br>Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos<br>Devido a restrições dos caracteres especias, verifcar resumo em texto completo para download.
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Khan, Mumtaz Ahmad, and Khvurshed Ahmad. "On a general class of Polynomials Ln (x, y) of two variables suggested by the Polynomials Ln (x, y) of Ragab and Ln (x) of Prabhakar and Rekha." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/95290.
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Pinto, Clarisse Oliveira. "Pesquisa de integron classe 1 e cassete gênico em Escherichia coli recuperadas de indivíduos sadios e infectados e em DNA de sedimento contaminado por arsênio." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUOS-96LHTS.
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Integrons are genetic elements that incorporate gene cassettes, conver ting them into functional genes. These elements have been highlighted as an important reservoir of antimicrobial resistance genes. However, the high diversity of these genes suggests that the integron cassette system also plays an important role in the adaptation of the bacteria. This study investigated the frequency of class 1 integron and diversity of gene
cassettes into two distinct populations of Escherichia coli from healthy children of the Amazon and women with UTI - women with urinary tract infection and stream sediment samples from the stream Mina, contaminated by arsenic collected during dry and rainy seasons. Most women with UTI E. coli isolates harbored intI 1 genes (67%)
and gene cassettes (38%) unlike isolates from healthy children (12% and 12%, respectively). Most gene cassettes found in E. coli isolates are determinants of resistance to aminoglycosides (aadA5, aadA22 and aadA1) and to a lesser frequency, determinants of trimethoprim resistance (dfr1, dfr17 and dfrA17). The most representative E. coli phylogenetic group among clinical isolates was group B2, while
group A was more represented among the healthy children isolates. The minimum inhibitory concentration assay revealed that frequency of resistance was higher among women with UTI isolates than healthy children isolates. Moreover, multidrug resistance occurred in all women with UTI isolates but in 52,4% the healthy children isolates. The
investigation of the sediment samples from the Mina stream revealed a diversity of ORFs of gene cassettes that were not related to antimicrobial resistance and that, in its majority, did not have homology to database sequences. This suggests that bacterial communities in natural environments show a range of ORFs not yet characterized. Quantitative PCR indicated that the frequency of bacteria harboring the intI1 gene was almost five times greater in the dry season samples than those collected in the rainy season. Therefore, data from this study suggest that integrons are widespread in both clinical and natural environments.<br>Os integrons são elementos genéticos que incorporam cassetes gênicos, convertendo-os em genes funcionais. Esses elementos têm se destacado como um importante reservatório de genes de resistência a antimicrobianos. No entanto, a alta diversidade desses genes, sugere que o sistema integron cassete também desempenha um papel importante na adaptação das bactérias. Este estudo investigou a frequência de integron classe 1 e a diversidade de cassetes gênicos em duas populações distintas de Escherichia coli, de crianças sadias da Amazônia e de mulheres com ITU e em amostras de sedimento do Córrego da Mina, contaminado por arsênio, colhidas nas estações seca e chuvosa. A maioria dos isolados de E. coli de mulheres com ITU abrigou os genes intI1(68%) e cassetes gênicos (47,6%) ao contrário dos isolados de crianças sadias (12% e 12%, respectivamente). A maioria dos cassetes gênicos presentes nos isolados de E. coli são determinantes de resistência a aminoglicosídeos (aadA5, aadA22 e aadA1) e, em menor frequência, determinantes de resistência a trimetoprim (dfr1, dfr17 e dfrA17). O grupo filogenético de E. coli mais representativo, dentre os isolados de mulheres com ITU, foi o grupo B2, e dentre os isolados de crianças sadias, o grupo A. A concentração inibitória mínima revelou que os isolados de mulheres com ITU apresentaram uma maior frequência de resistência em relação aos isolados de crianças sadias. Além disso, a multirresistência ocorreu em todos os isolados de mulheres com ITU e em 52,4% dos isolados de crianças sadias. A investigação das amostras de sedimento do Córrego da Mina revelou uma diversidade de ORFs dos cassetes gênicos não relacionadas à resistência antimicrobiana, sendo que a maioria delas não apresentouhomologia com sequências contidas no banco de dados, sugerindo que as comunidades bacterianas de ambientes naturais apresentam uma gama de ORFs ainda não caracterizadas. Os resultados obtidos pela técnica de PCR quantitativa indicou que a frequência de bactérias que abrigam o gene intI1 foi quase cinco vezes maior na amostra de sedimento coletada na estação seca em comparação com a amostra coletada na estação chuvosa. Portanto, os dados deste estudo sugerem que o sistema integron cassete está presente nos ambientes clínico e natural.
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Couve-Deacon, Elodie. "Epidémiologie et régulation des intégrons de classe 1 chez Acinetobacter Baumannii." Thesis, Limoges, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIMO0116/document.
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Acinetobacter baumannii est un pathogène opportuniste qui prend une importance clinique croissante du fait de l’acquisition de multi-résistance. Nous avons étudié chez A. baumannii les caractéristiques et la régulation des intégrons de classe 1 (IM1) qui sont des systèmes génétiques favorisant l’acquisition, l’expression et la dissémination des gènes de résistance aux antibiotiques. Nous avons montré qu’il existe une prédominance des promoteurs des cassettes Pc fort in vivo dans une collection d’isolats cliniques et d’environnement hospitalier et in silico dans les IM1 chez A. baumannii. Nous avons aussi montré que l’expression des Pc chez A. baumannii est 4 fois plus faible que chez E. coli, quel que soit le variant de Pc. Deux explications sont possibles pour la sélection des Pc forts chez A. baumannii : (i) la nécessité d’avoir un niveau d’expression suffisant en clinique pour survivre à la pression de sélection antibiotique et (ii) la nécessité d’une régulation de l’expression de l’intégrase, représentant un coût biologique important. En effet, A. baumannii ne possède pas le système de répression par LexA existant chez E. coli. Nos résultats ouvrent le champ de l’étude de la régulation des IM1 chez A. baumannii et ainsi l’identification de nouvelles voies d’action pour lutter contre l’antibio-résistance<br>Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen of increasing clinical importance due to the acquisition of multi-resistance. We studied in A. baumannii the characteristics and regulation of class 1 integrons (IM1), which are genetic systems that favor the acquisition, expression and dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes. We have shown that there is a predominance of strong Pc cassette promoters, in vivo, in a collection of clinical and hospital environment isolates, and in silico, from A. baumannii IM1 published in NCBI. We have also shown that the expression of Pc in A. baumannii is 4-fold lower than in E. coli, regardless of the Pc variant. Explanations that can be raised for the selection of strong Pc in A. baumannii are: (i) the need for a sufficient level of antibiotic resistance expression to survive the selection pressure in clinical environment; and (ii) the need for regulation of the integrase expression, which is of significant biological cost. Indeed A. baumannii does not have the LexA repression system existing in E. coli. Our results open the field of the study of IM1 regulation in A. baumannii and thus the identification of new pathways to fight antibiotic resistance
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León, Cisternas Leonardo Andrés. "Estudio de integrones clase 1 y 2 de enterobacterias aisladas desde aves y cerdos faenados en la Región Metropolitana de Chile." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2007. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/133201.
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Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Médico Veterinario<br>El uso de antimicrobianos en medicina veterinaria al igual que en medicina humana constituye una herramienta fundamental en la terapia y profilaxis de las enfermedades bacterianas. Esto ha llevado a que bacterias de origen animal adquieran resistencia a varios de los antimicrobianos usados y en consecuencia aparezca el riesgo de diseminar este fenotipo de resistencia a bacterias de origen humano o viceversa.
El fenómeno de resistencia a los antimicrobianos es un proceso natural y progresivo que se disemina en la población bacteriana. Se han identificado diferentes elementos que favorecen esta diseminación mediante eventos de transferencia genética. Los integrones son estructuras genéticas móviles con capacidad de integrar la información de uno o varios genes de resistencia a antimicrobianos y facilitan la diseminación horizontal de la resistencia. Debido a que constituyen una fuente muy importante de transmisión y diseminación de la multirresistencia es frecuente encontrar integrones en bacterias que presentan resistencia a antimicrobianos.
El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la presencia de integrones clase 1 y 2 y su asociación estructural con los genes que codifican resistencia a tetraciclina, estreptomicina y trimetoprim en cepas de Salmonella spp y E. coli aisladas desde cerdos y aves faenados en la Región Metropolitana de Chile. Para el desarrollo de este trabajo se utilizaron 35 cepas de Salmonella spp aisladas desde cerdos y 38 cepas aisladas desde aves; en el caso de E. coli, 90 cepas aisladas desde cerdos y 87 cepas aisladas desde aves, cuyo patrón de susceptibilidad a antimicrobianos había sido previamente caracterizado. Se utilizó la técnica de la Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa (PCR) para determinar la presencia de los integrones y de los genes que codifican resistencia a los antimicrobianos descritos anteriormente.
El 73.4% de las E. coli aisladas desde cerdos y el 28.7% aisladas desde aves presentaron al menos una de las clases de integrón. En las cepas de Salmonella spp aisladas desde cerdos se determinó que el 45.7% presentó una de las clases de integrón. En cambio, Salmonella spp aisladas desde aves no presentaron integrones. Del total de bacterias que presentaron integrones se determinó que el integrón clase 1 es más frecuente que el clase 2.
En el total de cepas con integrón se evidenció la presencia de los genes que codifican la resistencia a trimetoprim (dhrfIa), estreptomicina (aad1a) y tetraciclina ( (tetA(A); tetA(B) ). Sin embargo, en ambas clases de integrones sólo se determinó la asociación estructural con los genes que codifican resistencia a trimetoprim (dhfrIa) y estreptomicina (aad1a).
Finalmente, el análisis de los resultados permite evidenciar que la resistencia bacteriana a ciertos antimicrobianos está asociada a la presencia de integrones, elementos genéticos que favorecen la diseminación de este fenómeno de resistencia. Por ello, esta información aporta antecedentes moleculares que demuestran la urgente necesidad de instaurar e implementar programas de monitoreo y control farmacológico en la industria de productos alimenticios de origen animal. De esta forma, se podrá contar con más herramientas que permitan enfrentar correctamente aspectos relacionados con la inocuidad alimentaria, sobre todo cuando las empresas de producción animal y las políticas nacionales tienen como objetivo posicionar a Chile como una potencia agropecuaria
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Romero, Aguirre Ricardo Alfredo. "Inscripción, representación y socialización en el proceso de construcción del conocimiento en el aula de clases bajo el modelo "Aprendizajes clave para la educación integral"." Tesis de maestría, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/112550.
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Trabajo etnográfico sobre los hábitos profesionales del docente y sobre la tecnología intelectual<br>La experiencia humana tiene como una de sus vías de concreción “la inscripción de
conocimientos conceptuales, técnicos y organizativos acerca de su
autodomesticación civilizatoria” (Arellano 2017:13). Esto toma cuerpo, hoy más que
nunca, en la educación: al ser parte del proceso de hominización, dota de saberes,
técnicas, lenguaje y símbolos a los integrantes de un grupo. Históricamente, fue a
través de la institucionalización de la educación y su escolarización como se
establecieron las formas que hoy se conocen de organización, percepción y
representación de los conocimientos acumulados y a difundir
intergeneracionalmente.
La conformación del individuo en la educación se espera que ocurra a través de la
adquisición de conocimientos y técnicas, lo cual autoriza su movilidad dentro del
sistema educativo (grados y niveles) e incluso su posición social. Lo anterior se
supone que ocurra por medio de la transferencia del maestro al alumno (proceso de
enseñanza-aprendizaje) o por medio de la detonación de procesos propios
(construcción del conocimiento). La garantía de que ello ocurrió se materializa (por
medio de la “inscripción”) en un signo, en un archivo, en un documento que certifica
la adquisición de conocimiento. Gracias a ello, al estudiante se le permite la
movilidad y continuar con su práctica escolar o, llegado el momento, ejercer una
profesión.
Específicamente, este trabajo se propone realizar trabajo etnográfico sobre los
hábitos profesionales del docente y sobre la tecnología intelectual que soportan el
proceso de construcción-transmisión-adquisición del conocimiento que -se asumeocurre
en las aulas. La intención es sumergirse en el tipo de hábitos y prácticas (que
incluye la observación, la explicación, la evaluación, la inscripción y la
representación) que se realizan en la escuela para afirmar que se ha logrado que
los estudiantes adquieran conocimiento.
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Viale, Tudela Héctor Ernesto. "Cómo propiciar el aprendizaje autónomo mediante una clase integr al en el marco del Modelo Pedagógico UPC." Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/550125.
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This article presents the design of the Math Level 0 course aligned with the Educational
Model of the UPC and developed under the structure proposed by 'MATE'.
The phrase 'Less is more' that gives name to this article describes a philosophical
concept which is applicable to the classroom where the teacher only intervenes when it
is necessary. In this context, the student has the major role. 'Less is More' requires the student accessing knowledge with enthusiasm, which will
occur if the student has a major role in the teachinglearning system. The teachers are one more resource in the classroom and while the knowledge that
should be acquired is important, the learning process learnt by the student on their own
is paramount.
It is expected in 'Less is More' that the teacher favours the learning of the students in an
environment of tolerance and respect and it is demanded from the teacher to create a
varied and stimulating learning experience instead of imparting knowledge in a
patronizing way.<br>La exposición presenta el diseño del curso Nivelación de Matemática alineado con el
Modelo Educativo de la UPC y desarrollado bajo una estructura que propone el
“MATE”. En el diseño se considera, a través de una acción intencional, la gestión
autónoma del aprendizaje.
Menos es más, la frase que da título a la exposición, encierra un concepto filosófico
aplicable al salón de clase que podemos resumir de la siguiente manera: la intervención
del profesor debe ser la necesaria y suficiente. La figura del alumno es la que debe
destacar. Menos es más busca que el alumno acceda al conocimiento con entusiasmo, lo
que ocurrirá si el alumno es el protagonista del sistema de enseñanzaaprendizaje.
El
profesor debe representar en el aula un recurso más para el aprendizaje del alumno. El
conocimiento que debe adquirir un alumno es importante, pero mucho más relevante es
el proceso de aprendizaje que logre él mismo. Se espera del profesor que favorezca el
aprendizaje de sus alumnos en una atmósfera de tolerancia y respeto. Se le pide además,
crear situaciones de aprendizaje variadas y estimulantes en lugar de imponer un
conocimiento de forma omnipotente.
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Sriskandasingam, Mayuran. "Non-homogeneous Boundary Value Problems of a Class of Fifth Order Korteweg-de Vries Equation posed on a Finite Interval." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1626357151760691.
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Paixão, Thaylla Soares. "Classe social, hegemonia e educação: análise do projeto de educação integral do CENPEC para a (re)organização da escola pública." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2016. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/2346.
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Previous issue date: 2016-04-28<br>FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais<br>Este estudo busca analisar o projeto de educação integral conduzido pelo CENPEC na realidade educacional pública brasileira. As questões norteadoras da pesquisa são as seguintes: Em que consiste a formulação de educação integral do CENPEC para a educação escolar pública brasileira? Como o CENPEC difunde tal formulação? O objetivo geral foi assim delineado: analisar as formulações políticas e pedagógicas do CENPEC sobre educação integral para a escola pública brasileira. Os objetivos específicos foram: identificar e analisar a concepção pedagógica que fundamenta as formulações do CENPEC sobre educação integral; identificar e analisar as possíveis estratégias políticas de difusão de tais formulações no campo educacional. Para responder as questões norteadoras e os objetivos, realizamos uma pesquisa documental referenciada no materialismo histórico. O corpus documental envolveu documentos autorais e/ou que contaram com a participação do CENPEC em sua elaboração. Foram analisadas quinze publicações a partir de três categorias de pesquisa, quais sejam: (1) ―Projeto de Educação Escolar‖; (2) ―Trabalho Educativo‖; e (3) Redes de Articulação Política. No primeiro capítulo, empreendemos a discussão sobre a dialética entre classe social e educação, fato que nos possibilitou definir as categorias de análise. No segundo, discutimos sobre as reformas educativas coordenadas pelos empresários no interior da ―mundialização da educação‖, evidenciado os princípios e os eixos das reformas. No terceiro, buscamos identificar como a temática educação integral foi conduzida no período de 1985 a 2015, considerando o posicionamento do CENPEC. No quarto, falamos especificamente sobre o CENPEC, considerando a trajetória de sua fundadora e a trajetória do organismo no campo da educação escolar. No quinto, realizamos a exposição dos resultados de análise sobre o projeto de educação integral do CENPEC com base nas três categorias. Em síntese, a pesquisa revela que o projeto de educação integral do CENPEC vai ao encontro dos princípios e eixos contidos nas reformas educacionais neoliberais. O CENPEC também busca redefinir a responsabilidade pelo trabalho educativo e passa a difundir orientações pedagógicas pragmáticas que secundarizam o papel do conhecimento sistematizado. Para afirmar o seu projeto de educação integral, o CENPEC estabelece conexões políticas com organizações da sociedade civil e instâncias da aparelhagem estatal, aumentando as chances de legitimar as suas expectativas e valores na formação humana dos filhos da classe trabalhadora.<br>This study aims at analyzing the educational project carried out by CENPEC in the reality of Brazilian public education. The research‘s guiding questions are the following: in what consists the formulation of CENPEC‘s full-time education for the Brazilian public scholarly education? How is such formulation disseminated by CENPEC? The general obejective was, thus outlined: to analyze CENPEC‘s political and pedagogical formulations regarding fulltime education for the Brazilian public schools. The specific objectives were: identifying and analyzing the pedagogical conception which grounds the CENPEC‘s formulations about fulltime education; identifying the possible political strategies for the dissemination of these formulations in the educational field. In order to answer the guiding questions and the objectives, we carried out a documental research referenced in historical materialism. The documental corpus involved documents created by us and/or elaborated in partnership with CENPEC. Fifteen publications were analyzed comprehending three research categories, which are: (1) ―Scholarly Educational Project‖; (2) ―Educational Work‖; e (3) ―Public Articulation Networking‖. In the first chapter, we raised a discussion about the dialetics between social class and education, a fact which enabled us to define the categories for analysis. In the second, we discussed about the educational reforms coordinated by the entrepreneurs within the ―globalization of education‖, evidencing the principles and articulations of such reforms. In the third chapter, we aimed at identifying how the theme of full-time education was conducted in the period from 1985 to 2015, considering CENPEC‘s position. In the fourth, when we talk specifically about CENPEC, considering its founder‘s trajectory and also that of the organization in the educational field. In the fifth chapter, we showed the analysis‘s results about the CENPEC‘S educational project based on three categories. To sum up, the research reveals that CENPEC‘s educational Project meets the principles and guidelines contained in the neoliberal educational reforms. CENPEC also aims at redefining the responsibility for the educational work and disseminates pedagogical pragmatic orientations which diminishes the role of systematized knowledge. In order to affirm its full-time educational project, CENPEC establishes political connections with civil organizations and state instances, enhancing the chances of legitimating its expectations and values in the humane formation of working-class children.
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Alves, Thiago Antonini. "Aplicação da transformada integral e da transformação conforme na solução de uma classe de problemas difusivo-convectivos em domínios de geometrias não-convencionais /." Ilha Solteira : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88876.
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Resumo: O presente trabalho trata da solução de uma classe de problemas difusivo-convectivos, tanto de natureza elíptica como parabólica, em domínios de geometrias não-convencionais, através da aplicação da Transformada Integral. Para facilitar o tratamento analítico e a aplicação das condições de contorno, antes da aplicação da Técnica da Transformada Integral Generalizada - TTIG sobre a equação governante do problema estudado, emprega-se uma Transformação Conforme - TC visando efetuar uma mudança de coordenadas adequada. Analisa-se inicialmente o problema hidrodinâmico do escoamento laminar completamente desenvolvido de fluidos Newtonianos no interior de dutos. Para a obtenção do campo de velocidades do escoamento aplica-se a TTIG sobre a equação da quantidade de movimento. Os parâmetros hidrodinâmicos de interesse, tais como: velocidades média e máxima, fator de atrito de Fanning, fator de Hagenbach, número de Poiseuille, comprimento de entrada hidrodinâmico e queda de pressão são calculados para as diversas geometrias. Feito isso, efetua-se o estudo dos problemas difusivo-convectivos relacionados à transferência de calor do escoamento laminar hidrodinamicamente desenvolvido e termicamente em desenvolvimento de fluidos Newtonianos com perfil de temperatura de entrada uniforme em dutos submetidos a condições de contorno de Dirichlet. Para a obtenção do campo de temperatura aplica-se a TTIG sobre a equação da energia e então, calculam-se os parâmetros térmicos de interesse: temperatura média de mistura, números de Nusselt local e médio e comprimento de entrada térmica. Realiza-se, quando possível, a comparação dos resultados obtidos para os parâmetros termos-hidráulicos com os disponíveis na literatura.<br>Abstract: The present work describes the solution of a class of elliptical-parabolic diffusiveconvective problems, on unconventional geometries, employing the Generalized Integral Transform Technique (GITT). In order to facilitate the analytical treatment and the application of the boundary conditions, a Conformal Transform (CT) is used to change the domain into a more suitable coordinate system, just before GITT is to be applied. First of all, using this procedure, the hydrodynamic problem of fully developed Newtonian laminar flow inside ducts is analyzed. In order to obtain the velocity field, GITT is applied on the momentum equation. Interesting hydrodynamic parameters, such as: maximum and minimum velocity values, Fanning friction and Hagenbach factors, Poiseuille number, hydrodynamic entry length, as well as pressure loss, are evaluated for several geometries. Following that, diffusive-convective problems are studied in relationship to the heat transfer in hydrodynamically fully developed and thermally non-developed Newtonian laminar flow inside ducts under Dirichlet boundary conditions, considering uniform temperature entrance profile. In order to obtain the temperature field, GITT is applied on the energy equation, evaluating the relevant parameters: bulk mean temperature, average and local Nusselt numbers and thermal entry length. The results are compared, as much as possible, with the parameter values available in the literature.<br>Orientador: Cassio Roberto Macedo Maia<br>Coorientador: Ricardo Alan Verdú Ramos<br>Banca: João Batista Campos Silva<br>Banca: Marcelo Moreira Ganzarolli<br>Mestre
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Ribeiro, Vinicius Buccelli. "Caracterização de determinantes de virulência, integrons classe 1 e genes para resistência a antimicrobianos de cepas de Salmonella enterica isoladas de alimentos e fontes relacionadas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9131/tde-07112017-103827/.
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Salmonella é um dos mais importantes patógenos causadores de enfermidades transmitidas por alimentos (ETA) no Brasil e em outros países. Devido ao surgimento de fenótipos multi-resistentes (MOR) a agentes antimicrobianos em Salmonella, a caracterização dos genes envolvidos neste processo, sua localização e diversidade são importantes para identificação e compreensão dos fatores envolvidos na resistência. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar determinantes genéticos de virulência, resistência e integrons classe 1 presentes em cepas de diferentes sorotipos de Salmonella enterica multi-resistentes a antibióticos, isoladas a partir de alimentos de origem suína, avícola e fontes relacionadas. As cepas empregadas pertenceram a nove perfis PFGE distintos com a enzima Xbal, com similaridade genética variando de 38% a 68%. Integrons classe 1 foram detectados em 9 (45%) das 20 cepas de Salmonella enterica, incluindo cinco diferentes sorotipos: Brandenburg, Panama, Agona, Mbandaka e Alachua, e variando de 0,7Kb a 2,7Kb. Os genes de resistência aadA, sul1, sul2, tetA, dhfr, qacEΔl e blatem, que conferem resistência a aminoglicosídeos, sulfonamidas, tetraciclinas, compostos de amônio quaternário e β-lactâmicos, respectivamente, foram identificados no interior dos integrons, no cromossomo bacteriano, ou em ambos. Os genes aadB, floR, tetB e tetG não foram detectados. A resistência às quinolonas foi caracterizada nas 11 cepas que apresentaram resistência ao ácido nalidixico pela análise do gene gyrAM e mutações Ser-83-Fen foram confirmadas após sequenciamento das amostras. Estudos de conjugação demonstraram que apenas uma cepa de Salmonella Mbandaka foi capaz de transferir o gene sul2, para uma cepa de E. coli K12. Com relação ao perfil de virulência, as 20 cepas de Salmonella enterica foram caracterizadas e os genes slyA, invA, sopB e aceK estiveram presentes em 100% delas e o gene h-1i esteve presente em 18 cepas (90%). O gene spvC não foi detectado nas cinco cepas que possuíam plasmídeos. Os dados do presente estudo sugerem que alimentos de origem animal podem ser considerados como reservatórios de cepas de Salmonella enterica virulentas, resistentes a antimicrobianos e apresentando integrons classe 1. Isto caracteriza os produtos de origem suína e avícola como uma importante fonte de patógenos multi-resistentes para humanos.<br>Salmonella is one of the most important foodborne pathogens in Brazil and worldwide. Due to the emerging of multiresistant phenotypes in Salmonella the characterization of the genes involved in this process, their localization and diversity are important for identifying and understanding the factors involved in the resistance. The purpose of this study was to characterize virulence and antimicrobial determinants in different serovars of antibiotic multiresistant Salmonella enterica strains isolated from pork, poultry and related sources. The isolates belonged to nine different PFGE profiles obtained with Xbal restriction enzyme and showing genetic similarity ranging from 38% to 68%. Class 1 integrons were detected in 9 (45%) of 20 S. enterica strains ranging in size from 0,7Kb to 2,7Kb and comprising five different serotypes: Brandenburg, Panama, Agona, Mbandaka and Alachua. Resistance genes aadA, qacEΔl, sul1, tetA, sul2, dhfr, blatem, that confer resistance to aminoglicosides, sulphonamides, tetracyclines, ammonium quaternary compounds and beta-Iactams, respectively, were identified within class 1 integrons, chromosome, or both. Genes aad8, floR, tetB and tetG were not detected. The resistance to quinolones was characterized in 11 strains that showed resistance to nalidixic acid analyzing gyrA genes and Ser-83-Fen mutations were confirmed after sequencing of the samples. Conjugation studies demonstrated that only one S. Mbandaka strain was able to transfer sul2 gene to the E.coli K12. Regarding virulence profile Salmonella enterica strains were characterized and PCR analysis revealed the presence of the virulence genes invA, aceK, sop8, slyA in all isolates and the presence of virulence gene h-1i in 18 (90%) of them. The spvC gene was not detected in the five strains that harbored plasmids. The data of the present study suggest that foods of animal origin can be considered reservoirs of Salmonella enterica that are virulent, resistant and show class 1 integrons. This characterizes pork and poultry products as important sources of multi-resistant pathogens to human beings.
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Laun-Hartung, Mandy [Verfasser], Orlando [Akademischer Betreuer] Guntinas-Lichius, Christian [Akademischer Betreuer] Mawrin та Claus [Akademischer Betreuer] Wittekindt. "Die Expression der β3-Integrin-Rezeptor-Untereinheit und des VEGF-Rezeptors 2 in Plattenepithelkarzinomen des Oropharynx / Mandy Laun-Hartung. Gutachter: Orlando Guntinas-Lichius ; Christian Mawrin ; Claus Wittekindt". Jena : Thüringer Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Jena, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1048047199/34.
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Higley, Mary Ellen. "A naturalistic inquiry for the purpose of gaining an understanding of student perceptions of teachers' expectations and social demands : the students' use of these perceptions to become integral members of the class /." The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487758680161117.
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Gomez, Quinto Cirilo. "La atención diversificada según perfil intelectual, la extensión del horario de clases, y su nivel de influencia en el desarrollo integral de los alumnos de secundaria de la I.E.P. San Agustín Huánuco 2014 -2016." Doctoral thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/9642.
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Determina los niveles de influencia en el desarrollo integral de los estudiantes del nivel secundario a quienes se les brinda atención diversificada según el perfil intelectual que ostentan, debiendo para esto extenderles el horario de clases; sino sobre todo presentar una propuesta inclusiva y de innovación, sustentada fundamentalmente en: la teoría de las inteligencias múltiples, el alineamiento a los marcos legales y de política educativa nacionales vigentes y el desarrollo de las capacidades individuales en función a sus intereses vocacionales. Metodológicamente, el estudio corresponde a una investigación aplicada, con enfoque cuantitativo; de tipo cuasi experimental, multivariada, sincrónica; y para su efecto se eligió el diseño de investigación de: Series de tiempo con grupo de control. El estudio se realizó en la I.E.P. San Agustín, región Huánuco, Perú, durante los años lectivos 2014 a 2016. La población la integraban los estudiantes de secundaria registrados en el Siagie en número de 279, distribuidos en cinco grados y ocho secciones. La muestra definida fue de 166 estudiantes: 78 conformaron el grupo experimental y 88 el grupo de control. La particularidad de la institución, es que, con su propuesta educativa, cada año obtienen, con respecto a las demás instituciones educativas de la localidad, la mayor cantidad de ingresantes a las mejores universidades nacionales. Razón por la que los padres de familia y la comunidad en pleno, están muy satisfechos por los logros que obtienen mediante esta modalidad. Y en mérito a ese esfuerzo, están considerados entre los colegios ITS de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, con vigencia hasta el 2020.<br>Tesis
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Camarena, Ortiz Eréndira Dolores. "Las creencias de los profesores de portugués LE acerca de las maneras efectivas de la enseñanza de la lengua en clases de universitarios mexicanos: un estudio etnográfico." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/124703.
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La presente tesis doctoral es un estudio de caso, etnográfico y cualitativo de tres profesores que fueron observados en un contexto institucional que es el Centro de Enseñanza de Lenguas Extranjeras (CELE) de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM). Su objetivo fue examinar las creencias de los docentes en torno a la efectividad en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de una lengua próxima como es el portugués con respecto del castellano con estudiantes universitarios. Se trata de docentes mexicanos e hispanohablantes que enseñan portugués lengua extranjera a estudiantes adultos jóvenes y en su mayoría también hispanohablantes. En esta indagación se analizan los discursos de los profesores, sus actitudes, creencias y soporte educativo con los alumnos, con la intención de comprenderlos. El núcleo general de esta investigación cualitativa y etnográfica podría definirse como una aproximación al estudio de mecanismos de influencia educativa que se manifiestan en la interacción entre el profesor y los alumnos, y que actúan a través de él. Su objetivo es comprender cómo las personas realizan la enseñanza y el aprendizaje, y cómo se construye y comparte el conocimiento conjuntamente en un contexto institucional de educación superior. Para ello se realizaron dos entrevistas y tres observaciones de clase de tres profesores con sus estudiantes, con el objetivo de comprender el conjunto de fenómenos que influyen durante el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de una lengua extranjera cuyo proceso es particularmente difícil por su cercanía y por las interdependencias que sostiene. Partimos de la idea de que para entender mejor los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje de lenguas es preciso investigar tanto lo que acontece en las clases, cómo funcionan los impulsos que operan en profundidad, bajo las prácticas visibles de los profesores. Sabemos que las decisiones que éstos toman están vinculadas con unos sistemas de creencias que les permiten afrontar y realizar su trabajo, que existe una relación indisoluble entre pensamiento y acción. En esta investigación se pudo observar la enseñanza como una composición de prácticas integradas por personas, conocimientos, creencias, habilidades y deseos, además del contexto. Finalmente, reconocemos que la enseñanza es creativa y que la interpretación de los estudios de caso nunca concluye. No obstante, en esta investigación intentamos que la interpretación fuera significativa, creativa y abarcara los aspectos más relevantes.<br>This research is a qualitative, ethnographic case study regarding the performance and experiences in the classroom of three professors and their beliefs, assumptions and knowledge about effectiveness on the teaching-learning processes in a close foreign language such as Portuguese is to Spanish. It was carried out with professors and young adult students of the Portuguese Department, of the Foreign Language Center at the National Autonomous University of Mexico. Both students and teachers in this research are regarded as active participants and through a discourse analysis, –based on the proposal of Grupo Plural of the University of Barcelona–, and by means of ethnographic observations it was acknowledged how teaching is understood and interpreted by the teachers according to their own reference system. Teachers’ beliefs, practices and attitudes are important for understanding and improving educational processes. They are closely linked to teachers’ strategies to deal with the challenges in their daily professional life and to their general well-being, and they also shape students’ learning environment and influence student motivation and achievement.
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Lee, Mei-Feng, and 李美鳳. "Study on class 1 integron among Gram-negative bacteria." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58943822496165949439.
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黃俊展. "The detection of class 1 integron in environmental microorganisms." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77212746929942500060.
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Cagle, Caran Astor. "Recombinational and transcriptional regulation within the class 1 integron." 2009. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/cagle%5Fcaran%5Fa%5F200908%5Fphd.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Georgia, 2009.<br>Directed by Anne Summers. Includes an article submitted to The journal of molecular biology. For abstract see https://getd.libs.uga.edu/pdfs/cagle%5Fcaran%5Fa%5F200908%5Fphd.pdf. Includes bibliographical references.
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Ching-Mei, Lin, and 林清玫. "Analysis of site-specific recombination mediated by the class 2 integron DNA integrase." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10973461962522552324.
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碩士<br>高雄醫學大學<br>醫學研究所<br>91<br>In recent years, integrons have been demonstrated to play a significant role in the dissemination and acquisition of antibiotic-resistant genes among bacteria. Integron-determined site-specific recombination systems of class 1 and class 3 integrons have been studied. Another class of integron found on transposon Tn7 and its relatives is designated as class 2. It has been mentioned that the integrase gene of class 2 integron, intI2, carries an internal stop codon TAA, which may make this gene inactive. In this study, by using a conduction assay, we have sought to establish the ability of IntI2-mediated site-specific recombination between integron and gene cassette recombination sites. In the event, the IntI2 integrase may appear to promote recombination between cassette recombination sites present in different plasmids, but at frequencies significantly lower than observed with IntI1, the class 1 integron integrase.
In addition, to determine whether the IntI2 integrase could be activated, we changed the internal stop codon ( TAA ) into a triplet coding for alanine ( GCG )、glutamic acid ( GAG )、glutamine ( CAG ) and arginine ( CGC ). In the event, mutagenesis of the stop codon restored activity to IntI2 and promoted site-specific recombination at different frequencies mostly higher than those with wild IntI2. These results indicated that the internal stop codon contained in the intI2 gene might to cause the integrase gene unable to encode the complete integrase enzyme.
In addition, the crossover sequences in recombination were localized to within the core site GTTRRRY by nucleotide sequencing across crossover point in cointegrates. Moreover, the most efficient recombination site of R388 is the attC site downstream of the orfA, and most cointegrates resulted from crossovers at this site. These results agree with previous studies that gene cassette can be integrated into or excised from their receptor element, the integron, via site-specific recombination catalyzed by an integron intI gene-encoded integrase. In cointegration assays, the mutagenic IntI2 recognized the attI2 site as a recombination substrate, this suggested that IntI2 exhibits specificity for its own cognate attI site.
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Chu, Wei-Chen, and 朱韋臣. "Prevalence of class 1 integron among clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii and molecular characterization of its horizontal mobile unit." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42800605354767727011.
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碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>生命科學系所<br>94<br>The multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii had became one of the major infectious pathogens in hospital around the world. Since integrons are the genetic unit that confer antibiotic resistance to bacteria besides plasmid and transposon, our study focused on the class 1 integron that was the most commonly found in bacteria. Bacterial strains were collected from Changhua Christian Hospital and Dalin buddist Tzu Chi Hospital. The CS-PCR method was used to detect the class 1 integrons , cassette array sizes and their sequences in these strains. It was found that 65.5 % of the Changhua Christian Hospital strain carried the class 1 integron, and showed only 4 kinds of different size cassette arrays: 3.0 kb (aacC1-ORFX- ORFX-ORFX´- aadA1a), 2.5 kb (aacA4-catB8- aadA1), 2.0kb(dhfrXII -orfF-aadA2) and 1.2 kb (dhfrAI- ORF). There were 100% of the Dalin buddist Tzu Chi Hospital strain carried the class 1 integron, and only 3 kinds of different size cassette arrays: 3.0 kb, 2.5 kb and 2.0kb. Compared with the antibiotic sensivity test data, we found that multi drug resistance usually carried within integron, but the resistance gene on the cassette array were only a small part of the resistance phenotype . The most common integron found in this study were the size of 2.5 kb cassette arrays. It was initially found in the A. baumannii CH7 at Changhua Christian Hospital.It was very common in A. baumannii isolated from hospital in Taiwan, but rarely reported in other country. In order to understand the 2.5 kb integron’s characterization, we use the Inverse PCR method to analysis the sequence that upstream and downstream of the 2.5 kb integron in CH7. We found that upstream or downstream both carried the aphA1 (kanamycin resistance gene) and transposase gene tnpIS15/tnpIS26, and the blast program analysis show that these sequences demonstrate high similarity with the resistance island in the A. baumannii AYE from French. By using the PCR-RFLP method to check the other strains that carried 2.5 kb integron, we found that the strains carried 2.5 kb and 3.0 kb integron were identical with CH7. The data reported here supports that the strain have 2.5 kb integron may pass through the antibiotic pressure selection and became a dominant strain in Taiwanese Hospitals.
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Tseng, Shao-Feng, and 曾少鋒. "Isolation and identification of Salmonella spp. and occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes and class 1 integron in aquatic environments of Taiwan." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93356698239671956014.
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碩士<br>國立中正大學<br>應用地球物理研究所<br>101<br>Salmonella is a ubiquitous enteric pathogen with a worldwide distribution that comprises a large number of serovars which characterized by displaying different host specificities. Most of salmonella strains that are resistant to a great variety of antibiotics have become a major public health concern. In this study, we detected Salmonella in Puzih stream and Kaupin River by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
and identified the serovar of Salmonella by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multiplex PCR (mPCR) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). In addition, we used PCR and Disk Diffusion Method to evaluate the antibiotic resistance and the resistant genes of Salmonella. The fifty-four Salmonella isolates from culture method were further identified as S. Typhimurium, S. Bareilly, S. Albany, S. Newport et al. by serological identification, PFGE and MLST. We also used five house-keeping genes (aroC, dnaN, hemD, hisD, purE) to analyze Salmonella isolates. The results show that the prediction of eleven Salmonella serovars by PFGE and MLST with similar resolution. For antibiotic resistance of Salmonella, the results show that the highest percentage of resistance was found as following antimicrobial agents: sulfadiazine (37%), chloramphenicol (31.5%), ampicillin (31.5%), tetracycline (33.3%), nalidixic acid (33.3%) and streptomycin (29.6%). Most of which were resistant to one or more of tested antibiotics. Furthermore, multiple antimicrobial resistant was observed in thirty isolates (55.6%). We also found eleven different patterns of resistance in Salmonella isolates. The most frequent of antimicrobial resistance phenotype about multiple antimicrobial resistant were ampicillin, chloramphenicol, sulfadiazine, tetracycline, and nalidixic acid. We also found class 1 integron carrying multi-drug resistance in Salmonella isolates. The results showed the serious situation ofmulti-drug resistant about different serotypes of Salmonella in Taiwan we suggest to continuously monitor the changes of resistance trends in the environment.
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chen, wanwen, та 陳琬雯. "Prevalence of class 1 integron and molecular characterization of VIM-11, a carbapenem-hydrolyzing metallo-β-lactamase gene cassettes in clinical Acinetobacter baumannii isolates". Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79942121623180218397.
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碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>生命科學系<br>93<br>Acinetobacter baumannii is an important nosocomial pathogen which is often resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents. In clinical therapy, carbapenems
(imipenem and meropenem) have retained better activity than other antimicrobial agents. Nevertheless, reports of carbapenem resistance among A. baumannii. In recent years, a third mechanism of resistance gene dissemination has been discovered. This novel DNA element , now called an integron.
Between 2003 and 2004, 178 unrelated Acinetobacter baumannii isolates randomly selected from the intensive care and word of nine different hospitals in Taiwan. Using conserved segment PCR (CS-PCR) to detect integron structures, to identity the integron prevalent in Taiwan.71.9% (128/178) of isolates were shown to be integron-positive, with inserted gene cassettes of various sizes. Six sizes of inserted regions of DNA(1,000, 1,200, 1,500, 2,000, 2,500, 3,000bp) were shown to be common among class I integrons.
The 1.0kb cassette array contains blaVIM-11, a metallo-β-lactamase gene from Acnetobacter baumannii 6915, a clinical isolate from National Taiwan university hospital in 2004. The deduced 266-amino acid protein was an ambler class B β-lactamase, It’s only one nucleotide differences between blaVIM-2.
leading to one amino acid alterations. Expression of the integron-borne blaVIM-11 gene in Escherichia coli BL21 resulted in a significant decrease in susceptibility to a broad array of β-lactams (ampicillin, amoxicillin
,piperacillin, cefazolin, ceftazidime, cefotaxime , imipenem). Southern hybridization with the blaVIM-11-specific probes appeared to carry the MBL gene on chromosome. This study used molecular technology such as inverse PCR to finish the sequences of whole integrase gene and its upstream 1.0 kb, but don’t find transposon exist. Our findings indicate that VIM-11 is the first carbapenem-hydrolyzing metalloenzyme characterized from a Acinetobacter baumannii isolate in Taiwan.
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Chang, Tsung-Ming, and 張淙銘. "Part IAnalysis of class 1 and class 2 integron in Escherichia coli isolated in 1993~1994 and 2002~2003 in TaiwanPart IIThe role of gyrA, parC, and AcrAB efflux pump in fluoroquinolone resistance in E. coli isolates from Taiwan." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20566507024891167336.
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碩士<br>高雄醫學大學<br>醫學研究所碩士班<br>92<br>Part I
Increasing use of various drugs for the treatment of infectious diseases has resulted in an increase of drug-resistant clinical isolates. Integron has been considered a major factor in the development and dissemination of multiple drug resistance among bacteria in recent years. Many of the known resistance genes are contained in mobile elements called gene cassettes. Via site-specific recombination catalyzed by an integron-encoded integrase, cassettes can be integrated into or excised from their receptor elements. Because of the ability of integron to acquire gene cassettes, therefore, integron and antibiotic-resistant gene cassettes play an important role in the development and dessemination of multiple antibiotic-resistance in bacterial strains.
In this study, by using PCR, DNA sequencing, restriction enzyme digestion, Southern hybridization, the presence and transfer of class 1, 2 integrons and the numbers, kinds and combinations of gene cassettes within these integrons in E. coli isolated in 1993~1994 and 2002~2003 were analyzed. The change of integrons and gene cassettes between different time periods were compared. Furthermore, relationship between various classes of integrons and multiple drug resistance was also evaluated.
Among 436 clinical strain of E. coli isolated in 2002~2003, the prevalence rate of class 1, 2 integron were 64% and 6%, respectively. Predominant gene cassettes contain trimethoprim resistance gene, dfr and of three aminoglycosides resistance gene, aadA, aadB and aacA. Comparison the results in the present study with our previous study in 1993 showed that the presence of class I integron in clinical strains of E. coli was increased from 52% to 64% and predominant gene cassette array was dfr17-aadA5 which increased from 9% to 29%. Some of the dfr17-aadA5 contained class 1 integrons was located on transferable plasmid by Southern hybridization. However, the prevalence rate of class II integron was not significant change. Furthermore, the more multidrug resistance was observed for the strain in which integron was detectable. Further studies of the process of gene cassettes and its interaction with integron, drug resistance could provide new insight about resistant spread control.
Part II
Fluoroquinolones (FQ) have broad-spectrum activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and have been commonly used in clinical setting. However, increasing use of these drugs for the treatment of infectious diseases has resulted in an increase of drug-resistant clinical isolates.
To date, FQ resistance was mainly due to presence of mutations in the quinolone resistant determining regions (QRDRs) of gyrA and parC. In this study, by using single strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) and direct sequencing, 74 FQ-resistant E. coli isolates carrying at least one mutation in gyrA at codon 83 and/or 87 and in parC at codon 80 and/or 84 were observed. Strains carrying two or more gyrA mutations were increase resistance to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin significantly.
Overexpression of efflux pumps has been demonstrated to play an important role in isolates displaying resistance to several antimicrobials including FQ. In this study, real-time PCR was performed to assess and quantify the expression of the AcrAB efflux pumps of E. coli. Results showed that 51% of the isolates overexpressed the acrAB gene. Extrusion of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, cefalozin, piperacillin and amoxacillin/clavulanic acid was specific to the AcrAB pump.
In conclusion, gyrA mutations and AcrAB efflux pumps play important role in resistance of E. coli to FQ.
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Shen, Tzung-Yu, and 沈宗佑. "Investigation of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in Aquatic Environments of Taiwan and the Quantitative Analysis of Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Class 1 Integron in Salmonella spp." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40005273505241130594.
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碩士<br>國立中正大學<br>應用地球物理研究所<br>101<br>Salmonella is a common enteric pathogen with a worldwide distribution that comprises a large number of serotypes which characterized by corresponding to different hosts specificities. Most of Salmonella strains have great varieties of antibiotics resistance and it becomes a major public health concern. In this study, we detected the existence of Salmonella in Puzih river, Kaupin river, reservoir, and wastewater treatment plants by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and identified the serotypes of Salmonella by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). In addition, we used PCR and disk diffusion method to evaluate the antibiotic resistance and the resistant genes of Salmonella. The thirteen Salmonella isolates from culture method were further identified as S. Typhimurium, S. Bareilly, S. Albany, S. Newport by serological identification, PFGE and MLST. We also used seven house-keeping genes (aroC, dnaN, hemD, hisD, purE, sucA, thrA) to analyze the serotypes of Salmonella isolates. The results show that the predictions of 11 Salmonella serotypes by PFGE and MLST are with similar out of the total 13 colonies. For antibiotic resistance study Salmonella show that the highest percentage of resistance in the following antimicrobial agents: sulfadiazine (41.7%), chloramphenicol (33.3%), ampicillin (33.3%), tetracycline (41.7%), nalidixic acid (16.7%), streptomycin (25.0%), gentamicin (25.0%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (25.0%), kanamycin (8.3%)and ciprofloxacin (8.3%). Most of thirteen Salmonella isolates had more than one resistence gene and with different combinations of target antibiotics. Furthermore, we also found that the presence of the class 1 integron were often emergent with multi-drug resistance in Salmonella isolates. The results showed the serious situation of multi-drug resistant about different serotypes of Salmonella in Taiwan. We suggest keep monitoring the changes of antobiotics resistance trends of Salmonella in the environment continuously. In addition to monitoring the environmental water, we also quantified the resistance genes in several wastewater treatment plants by real-time PCR, and compared the removel percentage among different treatment units. In the enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, we used real-time PCR with broth method to quantity the amount of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in environmental samples.
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Chen, Fang-Ru, and 陳芳茹. "Movement ability of class 1 integrons in Escherichia coli." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49593552470401468060.
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碩士<br>高雄醫學大學<br>醫學研究所<br>96<br>Integrons have been demonstrated to play a significant role in the acquisition and dissemination of antibiotic-resistant genes among bacteria. Most integrons from clinical isolates belong to class 1. Class 1 integrons have been found in different DNA locations, such as plasmids, transposons and chromosome among different bacterial species and genera, suggesting class 1 integrons may be mobile. In this study, we attempt to analyze the movement ability of class 1 integrons in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli. At first, we constructed the test plasmids, which carries the class 1 integrons containing inverted repeats (IRs) at their boundaries and transposition related genes. The transposition frequency of class 1 integrons was then determined by using a transposition assay.
The test plasmids carrying class 1 integrons showed a very low tansposition frequency (<1.0×10-9). This may be resulted from the structural variations of class 1 integrons, such as the loss of part of the transposition module. In addition, we carried out complementing experiments to study whether class 1 integrons could be moved by transposition when functional genes of transposition were provided. In the event, transposition of class 1 integrons was complemented by the plasmid containing the whole set of transposition genes (tni A, B, Q, R) and restored at high frequencies (3.2 × 10-4 to 1.0 × 0-1). However, class 1 integrons transposed at lower frequencies (2.0 × 10-9 to 6.3 × 10-6) when complemented by a plasmid only containing tniA and tniB genes or tniA gene.
The present study reveals that class 1 integrons from clinical isolates are defective in transposition. The movement of class 1 integorns can occur when proteins required for transposition are provided by active transposons present in the same bacterial cell. This will facilitate the dissemination of class 1 integrons and contributed to multiple resistance of bacteria.
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Shayya, Bassam Halim. "A class of strongly singular integral operators." 1996. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/35691507.html.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1996.<br>Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 45-46).
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Yu-Ti-Fang and 方語緹. "Characterization of class 1 integrons and gene cassettes in Klebsiella pneumoniae." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46480856889564190341.
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Lin, Ji-Yu, and 林季榆. "Structural characterization of class 1 integrons in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67798592138751073526.
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碩士<br>高雄醫學大學<br>醫學研究所碩士班<br>93<br>Integrons and gene cassettes are known as a horizontal transfer mechanism of acquisition and dissemination of resistance genes among bacteria. They play important roles in the development and variation of multiple antimicrobial resistances of bacteria. Most integrons from clinical isolates belong to class 1 and their location on plasmids and transposons may contribute to the spread of antibiotic resistance genes and even integrons themselves. However, it has not yet been elucidated that the movement ability of integrons themselves and the relations between the movement and structures of integrons.
Several studies have reported that some class 1 integrons are bounded by 25-bp inverted repeats, designated IRi and IRt, at the 5’ and 3’ ends, respectively. Furthermore, tni genes required for transpositions were present downstream the gene cassettes. This suggests integrons may be related to transposons and move by transposition. This study was to characterize the structures of class 1 integrons in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli to understand the structural variety and evolutionary lineage of class 1 integrons.
In this study, inverted repeats IRi and IRt, at the outer boundaries of class 1 integrons, were detected in 88 clinical isolates of E. coli collected in 1993 and 2002 by polymerase chain reaction. Then, the fragments of class 1 integrons between the sul1 gene and the IRt were amplified, followed by sequencing, sequence analysis and restriction fragment length polymorphism to confirm the structures of class 1 integrons.
Of the 88 E. coli isolates, the inverted repeats IRi and IRt were present in 90% and 62.5 % of the isolates, respectively. The sequences neighboring the IRi end of class 1 integrons were more conserved than those neighboring the IRt end. The structures of class 1 integrons downstream the sul1 gene have been characterized in 57 E. coli isolates. Among the four transposition genes (tni A, B, Q, R) contained in a complete tni module, tniA and tniB frequently existed, but the other two genes tniQ and tniR were not found. However, most of the tniA and tniB genes had sequence deletions. Four types of insertion sequences were found associated with class 1 integrons, including IS26, IS6100, IS1326 and IS1353, IS26 were the most prevalent among them. Besides, several resistance genes not contained in cassettes were present downstream the sul1, including a macrolide resistance operon consisting of the genes mphR(A), mrx and mphA, dfr19 for trimethoprim resistance and strA-strB for streptomycin resistance.
The present study reveals that class 1 integrons carry the characteristic features of transposons. In addition, the structural variations of class 1 integrons are still ongoing, especially at 3’ end, thus may affect the mobility of integrons.
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Chang, Chung-Yu, and 張仲羽. "Analysis of class 1 and class 2 integrons and antibiotic-resistant gene cassettes in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37384817222508302941.
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博士<br>高雄醫學大學<br>醫學研究所<br>88<br>Increasing use of various drugs for the treatment of infectious diseases has resulted in an increase of drug-resistant clinical isolates. Acquisition and dissemination of antibiotic-resistant genes has been a major factor in the development of multiple drug resistance among bacteria. Many of the known resistance genes are contained in mobile elements called gene cassettes. Cassettes can be integrated into or excised from their receptor elements, the integrons, via site-specific recombination catalyzed by an integron-encoded integrase. Because of the ability of integrons to acquire gene cassettes and convert them into functional genes, integrons and antibiotic-resistant gene cassettes may play an important role in the development and dissemination of multiple antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains.
In this study, the presence of class 1 integrons in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli was detected by PCR. Of 104 E. coli isolates, 54 (52%) carried detectable class 1 integrons, with inserted DNA regions ranging in size from 1000 bp to 3000 bp. These integrons were located on plasmids, as demonstrated by Southern hybridization. DNA sequencing was used to identify the genetic content of the integron-variable regions. Different class 1 integrons contained various numbers, kinds and combinations of gene cassettes within their variable regions. The gene cassettes found included those encoding resistance to trimethoprim (dfrIa, dfrV, dfr12 and dfr17), aminoglycosides (aadA1a, aadA2, aadA4 and aadB), chloramphenicol (cmlA), erythromycin (ereA2) and -lactams (blaP1). Two new gene cassettes, dfr17 and aadA4, inserted in a class 1 integron are reported in this study. The dfr17 cassette encodes trimethoprim resistance and has 91% identity with the dfrVII dihydrofolate reductase gene. The aadA4 cassette confers resistance to spectinomycin and streptomycin and shows 95% identity with the aadA3 gene. An integron carrying three inserted cassettes, dfr12-orfF-aadA2, was present in 61% (33/54) the isolates with class 1 integrons (33/54).
Antimicrobial susceptibility tests and further cloning and expression of the amplicons containing the cassette regions demonstrated the gene cassettes could express their phenotypes. The conjugation experiment revealed that the transfer of class 1 integrons and gene cassettes could be plasmid-mediated. Furthermore, isolates carrying identical class 1 integrons were found to have genetic backgrounds unrelated as detected by the PFGE, suggesting the horizontal integron transfer.
Class 2 integrons were also sought in these 104 E. coli isolates by PCR with intI2-specific primers. Ten isolates (10%) were intI2-positive and three different groups of class 2 integrons were identified further. The group 1 class 2 integron carried the same cassettes (dfrIa, sat and aadA1a) as transposon Tn7. The group 2 integron carrying dfrIa and sat cassettes but without aadA1a has never been reported, indicating a novel combination of gene cassettes within class 2 integrons. Besides sat and aadA1a, the group 3 integron carried an additional open reading frame encoding an unknown product.
The present study reveals that integrons are widespread in clinical E. coli isolates and their location on plasmids could contribute to the horizontal dissemination of the antibiotic resistance gene cassettes in integrons. The types, combinations and frequency of the gene cassettes in integrons may reflect the specific selective pressures to which the isolates were exposed. This information could provide useful surveillance data for relation to antibiotic usage information. This study also demonstrated that all of the integrons contained antibiotic-resistant gene cassettes and the presence of new cassettes and novel combinations of gene cassettes. This indicates that continued antibiotic selective pressure does not only favor the incorporation of gene cassettes in integrons but also select new resistance gene variants and different combinations of cassettes. Moreover, such selection pressure may also promote the association of integrons carrying more than one antibiotic-resistant gene cassette with other genetic elements containing resistance determinants, such as plasmids and transposons, making multiple drug resistance more common in integron-positive isolates than integron-negative isolates as found in this study. Further studies on understanding the process of cassette genesis and its interaction with integrons, relating to transposons and plasmids could provide new insight about resistance spread control.
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Mamba, Hlukaphi S'thando. "Numerical solutions for a class of nonlinear volterra integral equation." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/15077.
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M.Sc. (Applied Mathematics)<br>Numerous studies on linear and nonlinear Volterra integral equations (VIEs), have been performed. These studies mainly considered the existence and uniqueness of the solution, and numerical solutions of these equations. In this work, a class of nonlinear (nonstandard) Volterra integral equation that has received very little attention in the literature is considered. The existence and uniqueness of the solution for the nonlinear VIE is proved using the contraction mapping theorem in the space C[0; d]. Collocation methods, repeated trapezoidal rule and repeated Simpson's rule are used to solve the nonlinear (nonstandard) VIE. For the collocation solutions we considered two cases: implicit Euler method and implicit midpoint method. Examples are used to compare the performance of these methods and the results show that the repeated Simpson's rule performs better than the other methods. An analysis of the collocation solution and the solution by the repeated trapezoidal rule is performed. Su cient conditions for existence and uniqueness of the numerical solution are given. The collocation methods and repeated trapezoidal rule yield convergence of order one.
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Hunicken, Ferraris Jorge Enrique. "Educación integral en las clases de música." Bachelor's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11086/15057.
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Este trabajo monográfico surge a partir del proceso de residencia realizado en el Instituto Nuestra Señora, ubicado en Córdoba Capital, Argentina, durante el año 2018. Exponemos algunos aspectos que se trataron en las clases de Planeamiento y Práctica Docente, y otras que surgieron a partir de un trabajo reflexivo posterior a las prácticas.
Uno de los objetivos del trabajo es efectuar una recopilación llamada “Colección abierta y diversa para la enseñanza integral” proponiendo, actividades, juegos y ejercicios educativos en torno a la enseñanza musical con una perspectiva Integral, pudiendo ser readaptables a futuras realizaciones y en continuas búsquedas-mejoras-cambios.
A su vez se irán estableciendo relaciones con el proceso de práctica docente en torno a las diferentes actividades y reflexiones relacionadas a la cátedra, a partir de una serie de interrogantes que fueron surgiendo durante el proceso: ¿Cuál es nuestra mirada de la educación integral? ¿Por dónde empezar a enseñar y aprender? ¿Qué nos gustaría aprender y cómo? ¿Es posible pensar en una educación integral desde las clases de Música? ¿Cuáles serían algunas de las posibilidades para lograrlo de manera inclusiva, diversa y plural?<br>Fil: Hunicken Ferraris, Jorge Enrique. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Artes. Departamento Académico de Música; Argentina.
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Hsiao, Ke-Yu, and 蕭可妤. "Molecular diversity of class 1 integrons in multidrug-resistant isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93523208460503792960.
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碩士<br>高雄醫學大學<br>醫學檢驗生物技術學研究所<br>99<br>Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important nosocomial pathogen and considered to be a phenomenon of bacterial resistance. The aim of this study was to characterize molecular diversity of gene cassettes in class 1 integron from multidrug-resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa isolates. In this study, isolates of MDR P. aeruginosa obtained from different clinical specimens in hospitalized patients admitted at a teaching hospital in southern Taiwan between January 2009 and December 2010. The presence of class 1, 2 and 3 integrons was investigated using PCR technology. The gene cassettes inserted in the variable region of class 1 integron were amplified using universal 5’-CS and 3’-CS primer pairs. The PCR amplicons were directly sequenced on both strands by the primer walking sequence strategy. Of 735 isolates of MDR P. aeruginosa, 205 (27.9%) carried detectable class 1 integrons. Sixty-eight (33.1 %) out of 205 isolates of P. aeruginosa harbored gene cassettes in class 1 integron variable region. Total of twenty-two different types of gene cassette arrays were found in class 1 integron-positive isolates. There are no class 2 and 3 integrons detected in these P. aeruginosa isolates tested. In our data, gene cassette array of aac(6’)-Ⅱ-catB2-aadA2 (GU934609) was the most frequent detected, followed by catB3-blaOXA-10-aadA15 (HM467196) and In46 dfrB1(HQ317920). Of note, bacterial isolates carrying two gene cassette arrays of catB3-blaOXA-10-aadA15 and aac(6’)-Ⅱ-catB2-aadA2 simultaneously, was commonly found in our isolates tested. BLAST analysis of DNA sequence showed other novel gene cassette arrays in P. aeruginosa isolates, including aac(6’)-Ⅱ-aadA2 (GU966684), aac(6’)-Ⅱ-catB2 (HM366563), aacC1-orfA-orfB-aadA1 (HM366564), cm1A-aadA1 (HM446156), aacA4-catB8-aadA1 (HM989924), aadB-orfF1-aadA11 (HQ202807), In126 dfrB4a-aacA4-aacA4-aadA1 (HQ317921) and aacA4-aadA15 (HQ705763). Interestingly, a novel dfrB4a gene detected in gene cassette array of dfrB4a-aacA4-aacA4-aadA1 was identified. The novel dfrB4a gene showed a Leu26Trp variant that was different from the dfrB4 gene. We also firstly find a silent mutation in codon 31 (GTC31GTA) of the aadA15 gene in the gene cassette array of catB3-blaOXA -10-aadA15. Moreover, the metallo-β-lactamase gene encoding carbapenem resistance in P. aeruginosa isolates were found to be carried not only on gene cassettes in class 1 integron (7%) such as blaVIM-3-orf2a-aacA4-aadB-aacA4 but also in the neighborhood regions of the integron genetic structure surroundings (93%). In conclusion, molecular diversity of gene cassettes presenting in class 1 integron may contribute to multidrug resistance for P. aeruginosa isolates. They are including two novel class 1 integrons of In46 and In216 that are the first reported.