Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Intel Corporation'

Mestrado em Finanças
Esta análise representa a valorização da empresa Intel Corporation de acordo com as normas do mestrado de Finanças do ISEG, em particular, das normas para apresentação de projeto para Trabalho Final de Mestrado. O relatório de avaliação aqui presente segue as estruturas recomendadas pelo Instituto CFA. A Intel foi a empresa escolhida pelo autor pelo seu interesse pessoal no setor tecnológico, em particular, pela indústria dos semicondutores. Embora esta análise tenha em consideração informação histórica e decisões anteriores da empresa, a avaliação da Intel foi preferencialmente assente em tendências futuras e projecções para a indústria semicondutora. A metodologia de avaliação escolhida foi uma média ponderada entre os Fluxos de Caixa Descontados (DCF), Múltiplos e Dividendos Descontados (DDM). O resultado da avaliação originou um preço-alvo de $55.53 com um potencial de valorização de 6.61%. Tendo em conta o preço atual da ação da Intel de $52.09 e um risco associado de grau elevado, a recomendação final para a ação da empresa Intel Corporation é de "Reduzir". Os pressupostos assumidos relativamente à indústria semicondutora foram baseados em informação de fontes fidedignas, tais como os websites Business Insider e TechCrunch, entre outros. Informação financeira foi extraída de websites tais como Yahoo Finance e Bloomberg, entre outros.
This analysis represents the valuation of Intel Corporation structured according to ISEG´s Finance Master´s Final Work Project. This Equity Research Report is aligned with the CFA Institute research report recommended guidelines. Intel Corporation was chosen due to the special interest of the author in the technological sector, in particular, in the semiconductor industry. Although supported by historical data and past decisions of the company, this valuation was fundamentally structured according to industry trends and projections for the foreseeable future. The valuation methodology chosen was an average of Discounted Cash Flow Approach (DCF) at WACC method, Multiples and Dividend Discount Model (DDM). The valuation yielded a price target of $55.53 with an upside potential of 6.61%. Considering the current price of $52.09 and a high risk associated the final recommendation for Intel's common stock is "Reduce". Assumptions regarding the semiconductor market products were made through reliable sources of information such as Business Insider and TechCrunch websites, amongst others. Financial information was supported through websites such as Yahoo Finance and Bloomberg.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Thesis: S.M. in Management of Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2015.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 62-64).
Around the world, the name Intel is synonymous with personal computers. Since the early 1980s nearly all personal computers, and more recently servers, are designed with a microprocessor based on Intel's x86 architecture. Over the last decade, however, the industry has seen many changes, and current trends send strong signals to Intel that it must continue the evolution of its own internal corporate innovation process-one that has driven Intel's success for many years-or suffer potential negative consequences. The reality is that for almost 40 years, personal computers have remained relatively the same; all had the same open modular architecture originally designed by IBM in the early 1980s. However, the past few years have seen a wave of evolution that includes embedded computing driven by the growth of digital devices like tablets and smartphones. These changes are of major importance to Intel. Instead of using the workhorse standard x86 processor, digital devices today have a chipset optimized for that device's specific application. This hardware change is further complicated by the shift to cloud computing and data centers. Change within the semiconductor industry, and specifically for Intel, is requisite and inevitable. Today, the firm is investing heavily in its future. Part of this investment is an initiative called Open Innovation 2.0, undertaken in Ireland under the umbrella of Intel Labs Europe. This innovation demonstrates Intel's commitment to evolving its corporate innovation processes to meet the needs of today's customers as well as future customers, markets, and industries. It must be said, however, that some technology-based innovation luminaries and academics believe Open Innovation (OI) is nothing new but merely the latest repackaged fad in innovation. In this thesis I evaluate how Intel developed its 01 initiative and then assess the levels of success achieved to date and planned for the future. History will show if OI is a useful innovation tool and whether Intel can maintain its reputation in the volatile field of digital computing.
by Thomas W. Mills.
S.M. in Management of Technology

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering; and, (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; in conjunction with the Leaders for Manufacturing Program at MIT, 2006.
Includes bibliographical references (leaf 51).
The work for this thesis was completed at Intel Corporation in Colorado Springs, Colorado at Fab 23, a semiconductor fabrication facility making flash memory. The project focused on evaluating and managing preventative maintenance activities to improve WIP (Work in Progress) management and cycle time. Equipment runs a factory, but effective maintenance of that equipment is often overlooked for improvement efforts due to constrained technical resources. However, preventative maintenance (PM) activities can provide process stability and increased throughput if scheduled and executed efficiently. This thesis evaluates the benefits of coordinating PMs among functional areas and the effectiveness of existing PM practices at a 24 hours per day, 7 days per week facility. Using a WIP model, I show that wait times can be significantly reduced by scheduling PMs on sequential tools at the same time, so WIP only waits once for PMs. Additionally, the goal of an effective maintenance team is to spend more scheduled time maintaining equipment and less time doing unscheduled repairs. A base line of PM performance at Fab 23 is completed showing that they have opportunities to improve their PM processes by learning from other Intel facilities and implementing off-line repairs.
by Rebecca Cassler Fearing.
M.B.A.
S.M.

This study analyzes the apologies presented by Intel Corporation as a response to the Pentium™ microprocessor controversy. Dr. Andrew Grove's November 27,1994, Internet posting to the comp.sys.intel usegroup and Intel's December 20,1994, press release are analyzed using the methods of genre criticism. Further, a situational analysis is presented of the exigence and the audience. The exigence is represented by the relationship of society to technology while the audience is Internet users. This analysis attempts to demonstrate how situational factors constrain discourse related to technological flaws.

Thesis (S.M. in Engineering and Management)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2010.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 50).
With time, successful companies and businesses grow to create a network of partners and stakeholders that work very closely with them. The very survival and growth of these companies is dependent on this ecosystem network around them. The ecosystem thrives on stakeholders mutually benefiting from each other while contributing to growth of the ecosystem itself. Every now and then business growth of such big companies with powerful ecosystems of their own is disrupted by relatively small players when incumbents have to respond. Intel, world's largest semiconductor company, has seen tremendous growth in its business since its inception. While Intel focused on continuously innovating and delivering great products for the personal computer industry, it chose not to compete in low margin embedded computing markets. Advanced RISC Machines (ARM Holdings Ltd.), a small semiconductor company during early nineties developed architecture for low power embedded computing markets that with time became the dominant architecture for mobile computing. As demand in the personal computer industry and consumer interest shifted towards portable and mobile computers, Intel delivered products for these markets. In recent years Intel, the incumbent is being threatened by ARM, the disruptor because mobile embedded platforms based on ARM architecture have encroached Intel's territory. Intel at the same time has its sight at the high growth embedded markets dominated by ARM. Today, both these players with their mature ecosystems are facing each other as they try to enter each other's territories. This Thesis analyses this classic battle for ecosystem leadership for embedded markets by Intel and ARM. Software and platform leadership is analyzed in detail and an Ecosystem strategy for Intel to drive adoption of its embedded solutions is devised in later chapters.
by Prashant Paliwal.
S.M.in Engineering and Management

The present thesis exploits a concept that lays in the core of human capital, employee satisfaction, under the context of a proactive organizational change. The prior literature depicts organizational change as a strategy applied to increase the efficiency of the company and its relevance to the market involved. The unique element of the matter is that proactive reorganizations are a product of a structural practice initiated by an entity’s human resources department. The department operates under a standardized model of change, which focuses on addressing the technical discrepancies that may occur in the human capital. Mainly analyzed from a company’s perspective, its influence on the employees involved in the change is often been neglected. The thesis was conducted in an effort to assess the need for a change in the current model in order to better address employee’s needs. To achieve that a sample of 100 Intel employees was used to uncover the state of the employees’ job satisfaction after an organizational change has been taken place. Results of the analysis exhibited above average overall satisfaction scores. The areas that employees seem to be the least satisfied were that of job security and company’s policies. Moreover, the elements of culture and the type of reorganization have also seemed to influence the overall satisfaction scores. Upon viewing the results the authors concluded that a need does exist, for a more interpersonal human resource approach to be incorporated within the current reorganizational model of an entity.

Orientador: Pedro Peixoto Ferreira
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T09:27:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SchiavettoAmancio_Stefano_M.pdf: 3408621 bytes, checksum: 462b8936b10e3367afd245c41299f6b6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Resumo: O objeto desta dissertação consiste no estudo da relação entre tecnicidade e capital a partir da concretização dos microprocessadores da empresa Intel, no período 1971-1999, e dos microprocessadores da comunidade de hardware livre OpenCores, no período 1999-2013, e como essas têm convertido tais objetos técnicos em capital. Compara-se, de um lado, como a empresa Intel têm registrado seus microprocessadores em licenças proprietárias e investido numa indústria internacional para comercialização de microcomputadores de conhecimento técnico restrito às empresas inventoras. De outro lado, como a comunidade OpenCores têm registrado seus microprocessadores em licenças livres e participado de um movimento internacional que disponibiliza integralmente o conhecimento técnico e gera capital a partir da prestação de serviços de montagem e manutenção em microcomputadores. Como referenciais teóricos para compreensão dos conceitos de tecnicidade e de capital, das formas de trabalho e da geração de valor, são estudadas as obras Do Modo de Existência dos Objetos Técnicos, de Simondon, e O Capital, de Marx.
Abstract: The object of this dissertation is the study of the relationship between technicality and capital from the Intel's development of microprocessors, in the period 1971-1999, and the Open Cores' development of microprocessor, in the period 1999-2013 ¿ the first a worldwide company, the second an international community of free hardware ¿ and how both had converted such technical objects in capital. It is compared, on one side, how Intel has registered its microprocessors in proprietary licenses and invested in an international microcomputer industry, in which technical knowledge is restricted to inventors companies. On the other hand, how the community OpenCores has registered its microprocessors in free licenses and participated of an international movement that offers full technical knowledge at the same time while generates capital by providing installation and maintenance services in microcomputers. Finally, here, as reference for theoretical understanding of the concepts of technicality and capital, the kinds of labor and value generation, are studied the work of Simondon, The Mode of Existence of Technical Objects, and the work of Marx, The Capital
Mestrado
Sociologia
Mestre em Sociologia

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T16:45:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Flavia Cruz Simon.pdf: 981414 bytes, checksum: b0a9bee55671a310f9324c57cbb56101 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-10
This study aims the creation of a theoretical model that could serve as a guide for loyalty programs implementations. There are basic two parts: the literature and field research. The literature comprehends the analysis of marketing in the view of relationship marketing, and then, joins different aspects of loyalty programs objecting the construction of the model. The research is a deployment of the model in a study case. Intel s loyalty program was chosen for this thesis because the company, specialized in the computer b2b market, was willing to collaborate with detailed information enabling a comprehensive analysis. The result showed that the theoretical model behaved according to this study intention and can add value during a loyalty program implementation process. Trough the usage of the model, important suggestions were made about Intel s loyalty program that can help the company achieve better results
Este estudo tem como finalidade a construção de um modelo teórico e a análise de seu aproveitamento na implantação de programas de fidelidade. Basicamente, sua estrutura desenvolve-se em duas partes: a pesquisa bibliográfica e a de campo. A pesquisa bibliográfica compreende a análise da evolução do contexto de marketing na ótica do marketing de relacionamento e, em seguida compila diferentes aspectos sobre programas de fidelidade com o objetivo de construir o modelo. A pesquisa de campo é a aplicação do modelo proposto, o qual está respaldado pelo estudo bibliográfico pesquisado, em um estudo de caso único, Estudou-se a Intel, empresa de caráter b2b, inserida no mercado de computadores e que apresentou disposição em contribuir com subsídios minuciosos para a aplicação do modelo. O resultado mostrou que o modelo teórico aqui proposto se comportou de maneira satisfatória frente ao propósito desta tese. Por meio de sua aplicação, sugestões de mudanças importantes foram pontuadas sobre o programa de fidelidade da Intel, para que esta consiga melhores resultados

Corporate reputation is still consolidating as an important intangible asset for organizations. Unlike other concepts, reputation is multidisciplinary as it is the synthesis of the success factors of a company. The diversity of definitions, perspectives and methods in this field, as well as the lack of a solid body of theory surrounding this concept, highlight the need to investigate in order to add rigor to its study and application. It is for this reason that this thesis main goal is to analyze five of the most important instruments for measuring this phenomenon, in order to create a new multi-stakeholder methodology for measuring corporate reputation which enhance the benefits and exceed the drawbacks that current tools present.
La reputaci��n corporativa se sigue consolidando como un activo intangible muy importante para las organizaciones. A diferencia de otros conceptos, la reputaci��n es multidisciplinaria dado que constituye una s��ntesis de los factores de ��xito de una empresa. La diversidad de definiciones, perspectivas y m��todos existentes en este ��mbito, as�� como la falta de un cuerpo te��rico solido entorno a este t��rmino, ponen de manifiesto la necesidad de investigar de cara a a��adir rigor en su estudio y aplicaci��n. Es por este motivo que en esta tesis doctoral se propone analizar cinco de los instrumentos de medici��n del fen��meno reputacional m��s importantes en la actualidad, con el objetivo de crear un nuevo instrumento multistakeholder para medir la reputaci��n corporativa que destaque los benefici��s i supere los d��ficits que los m��todos hoy presentan.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T17:05:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 20
Nenhuma
Essa dissertação investiga o Sistema Operacional da United Technologies Corporation - UTC, denominado ACE, identificando e analisando as suas inter-relações com o Sistema de Gestão da Qualidade ISO9001. A metodologia de pesquisa se caracteriza pela abordagem qualitativa e estudo de caso único incorporado, o qual é realizado em três etapas. A primeira etapa é uma descrição ampla do Sistema Operacional ACE no sentido de apresentar esse sistema à academia. A segunda etapa é o estudo das inter-relações entre os dois sistemas teóricos. Na terceira etapa são estudadas as inter-relações entre as práticas prescritas dos dois sistemas em uma das unidades de manufatura da UTC. A identificação e análise das inter-relações realizadas neste estudo apresentam uma estrutura organizada que permite o planejamento de um projeto de unificação dos sistemas. Outra contribuição relevante deste estudo é a possibilidade de utilização do método para analisar inter-relações entre outros sistemas.
This research investigates the Operating System of the United Technologies Corporation - UTC, called ACE, identifying and analyzing their interrelations with the Quality Management System ISO9001. The methodology of this research is characterized by a qualitative approach and case study incorporated, which is conducted in three stages. The first step is a broad description of the ACE Operating System to introduce this system to the academy. The second step is the study of the interrelationship between the two theoretical systems. In the third stage are studied the relationship between the practices prescribed for the two systems in one UTC manufacturing unit. The identification and analysis of the interrelations in this study have made an organized structure that allows the planning of a project of unification of the systems. Another important contribution of this study is the use of the method for analyzing the interrelations between others systems.

This paper presents the grounds that supported the Inter-AmericanJudicial Committee of the OAS to make and pass the “Guide of Principles on Corporative Social Responsibility in the Human Rights and Environmentareas in America» in 2013.
El presente artículo expone los fundamentos que sirvieron de sustento al Comité Jurídico Interamericano de la Organización de los Estados Americanos (OEA) para elaborar y aprobar, durante el año 2013, la «Guía de Principios sobre Responsabilidad Social de las Empresas en el Campo de los Derechos Humanos y el Medio Ambiente en las Américas».

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:55:05Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 bassetto_cl_me_mar.pdf: 9761735 bytes, checksum: 6a3fa45a83ba92b3b2a67860a1683239 (MD5)
O ambiente organizacional apresenta-se turbulento sob o impacto da globalização, principalmente com o advento da Internet e a consequente emergência da Sociedade da Informação. O desenvolvimento da competência em informação apresenta-se como área de estudo de grande relevância para a transformação e a valorização do capital social corporativo. As redes organizacionais podem trazer vantagens significativas mediante interações entre os colaboradores. Entretanto, são áreas que se ressentem de estudos e base teórica para serem compreendidas e aplicadas adequadamente, em especial, no contexto brasileiro. Busca-se oferecer uma contribuição, nesse sentido, mediante a realização de diferentes modalidades de pesquisa: bibliográfica, compreendendo a abordagem à literatura especializada e a construção de referencial teórico de apoio; pesquisa documental junto aos documentos oficiais e organizacionais, além de pesquisa de campo, configurada por um estudo de natureza exploratório-descritiva junto ao Escritório Regional do SEBRAE-SP, apoiado na técnica da análise de conteúdo de Bardin para as análises dos resultados. Para tanto, foi efetuada uma entrevista estruturada com 23 colaboradores desse universo organizacional, em especial os consultores e analistas, dadas as suas responsabilidades e sua atuação no atendimento ao cliente. O propósito foi identificar, desde o seu perfil até o comportamento em relação à busca e uso da informação para a construção do conhecimento corporativo e sua aplicabilidade ao atendimento ao cliente, enquanto área estratégica da organização em estudo. Isso permitiu identificar e demonstrar a existência de uma inter-relação entre as redes organizacionais, a competência em informação e a construção de conhecimento corporativo, mediante a aplicação...
The organizational environment has been turbulent due to the impacts of globalization, especially with the advent of the Internet and the subsequent emergence of the Information Society. The development of information literacy is presented as a study area with great relevance to the transformation and enhancement of corporate social capital. The organizational networks can bring significant advantages through interactions among employees. However, those are areas that lack basic theoretical studies in order to be understood and applied properly, in particular, in the Brazilian context. We have sought to offer a contribution in this regard by conducting different types of research: bibliographic, comprising the approach to literature and the construction of theoretical support; documentary research along with official and organizational documents, as well as field research as an exploratory descriptive study with the regional office of SEBRAE-SP, having been supported in the Bardin content analysis for the analysis results. Therefore, a structured interview was conducted with 23 employees of this organizational universe, especially consultants and analysts, given their responsibilities and their performance in customer service. The purpose of this interview was to identify, from the profile, the behavior in relation to the search and use of information for the building of corporate knowledge and its applicability to customer service as a strategic area of the organization under study. This has allowed us to identify and demonstrate the existence of an interrelationship among organizational networks, information literacy, and the building of corporate knowledge by applying the concepts and theoretical principles, standards and indicators recognized and validated in international and national contexts. The results have... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Regina Célia Baptista Belluzzo
Banca: Marta Lígia Pomim Valentim
Banca: Glória Georges Feres
Resumo: O ambiente organizacional apresenta-se turbulento sob o impacto da globalização, principalmente com o advento da Internet e a consequente emergência da Sociedade da Informação. O desenvolvimento da competência em informação apresenta-se como área de estudo de grande relevância para a transformação e a valorização do capital social corporativo. As redes organizacionais podem trazer vantagens significativas mediante interações entre os colaboradores. Entretanto, são áreas que se ressentem de estudos e base teórica para serem compreendidas e aplicadas adequadamente, em especial, no contexto brasileiro. Busca-se oferecer uma contribuição, nesse sentido, mediante a realização de diferentes modalidades de pesquisa: bibliográfica, compreendendo a abordagem à literatura especializada e a construção de referencial teórico de apoio; pesquisa documental junto aos documentos oficiais e organizacionais, além de pesquisa de campo, configurada por um estudo de natureza exploratório-descritiva junto ao Escritório Regional do SEBRAE-SP, apoiado na técnica da análise de conteúdo de Bardin para as análises dos resultados. Para tanto, foi efetuada uma entrevista estruturada com 23 colaboradores desse universo organizacional, em especial os consultores e analistas, dadas as suas responsabilidades e sua atuação no atendimento ao cliente. O propósito foi identificar, desde o seu perfil até o comportamento em relação à busca e uso da informação para a construção do conhecimento corporativo e sua aplicabilidade ao atendimento ao cliente, enquanto área estratégica da organização em estudo. Isso permitiu identificar e demonstrar a existência de uma inter-relação entre as redes organizacionais, a competência em informação e a construção de conhecimento corporativo, mediante a aplicação... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The organizational environment has been turbulent due to the impacts of globalization, especially with the advent of the Internet and the subsequent emergence of the Information Society. The development of information literacy is presented as a study area with great relevance to the transformation and enhancement of corporate social capital. The organizational networks can bring significant advantages through interactions among employees. However, those are areas that lack basic theoretical studies in order to be understood and applied properly, in particular, in the Brazilian context. We have sought to offer a contribution in this regard by conducting different types of research: bibliographic, comprising the approach to literature and the construction of theoretical support; documentary research along with official and organizational documents, as well as field research as an exploratory descriptive study with the regional office of SEBRAE-SP, having been supported in the Bardin content analysis for the analysis results. Therefore, a structured interview was conducted with 23 employees of this organizational universe, especially consultants and analysts, given their responsibilities and their performance in customer service. The purpose of this interview was to identify, from the profile, the behavior in relation to the search and use of information for the building of corporate knowledge and its applicability to customer service as a strategic area of the organization under study. This has allowed us to identify and demonstrate the existence of an interrelationship among organizational networks, information literacy, and the building of corporate knowledge by applying the concepts and theoretical principles, standards and indicators recognized and validated in international and national contexts. The results have... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre

Submitted by DAIANE DE LIMA ANTUNES null (daiane_s_l@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-03-16T21:13:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Daiane de Lima Antunes .pdf: 4159895 bytes, checksum: dfef65119d00a8f00f6a5ac248534752 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Maria Marlene Zaniboni null (zaniboni@bauru.unesp.br) on 2018-03-19T16:28:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 antunes_dl_me_bauru .pdf: 4159895 bytes, checksum: dfef65119d00a8f00f6a5ac248534752 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-19T16:28:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 antunes_dl_me_bauru .pdf: 4159895 bytes, checksum: dfef65119d00a8f00f6a5ac248534752 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-26
Apresentam-se reflexões e resultados de pesquisa exploratória e teórica sobre a sociedade atual e a necessidade de se estruturar num mundo tecnológico de informações e comunicações, haja vista que as carências de informações impostas pela competitividade encontram-se baseadas na geração de novos conhecimentos e o acesso ao uso da informação correta. Na sociedade contemporânea, viver com a informação é uma questão de sobrevivência. Desde a sua formação, o homem busca desenvolver o conhecimento para criar mecanismos e melhor adaptar-se ao meio. A comunicação e subsequentemente a escrita, com certeza foram o grande passo para alcançar uma sociedade estruturada na informação e no conhecimento. No meio corporativo, informação e conhecimento são as palavras de ordem, são elas que devem estar intrínsecas nos processos de gestão a fim de desenvolver a competência em informação e midiática como diferencial competitivo, ou seja, propiciar o acesso e uso da informação e dos recursos midiáticos de forma inteligente para construir conhecimento e aplicá-lo à realidade. O uso das mídias deve atuar como aliado nesse processo de transformação do conhecimento em competência em informação e midiática. Para tal, pretendeu-se estudar o uso dos jogos digitais corporativos (serious games) – os quais têm como principal característica capacitar colaboradores através de um ambiente virtual que simula a realidade e faz com que os jogadores pratiquem atividades para aprender, sem que sofram danos reais - como instrumentos facilitadores nesse processo, no que atuarão como simuladores nos estágios de tomada de decisão com o objetivo de minimizar falhas, reduzir tempo e custo. A pesquisa envolveu as empresas Oniria LDSoftware Ltda. e I9ação, tendo sido realizada em duas etapas:1- pesquisa/revisão bibliográfica de natureza exploratória que permitiu a construção de referencial teórico de apoio e 2 - estudo de caso descritivo apoiado em pesquisa documental junto a documentos institucionais e sites das empresas, observação in loco e entrevistas com gestores. Os resultados apontaram que os jogos digitais corporativos não só colaboram com o desenvolvimento da competência em informação e midiática, como também de outras 9 competências e habilidades importantes para o processo de gestão. Evidenciou-se, ainda, que os jogos digitais corporativos são ferramentas midiáticas eficazes para capacitar e aperfeiçoar a competência em informação e midiática e todas as demais que se acham envolvidas em ambientes corporativos, trazendo competitividade à ambiência de negócios onde forem utilizados.
Reflections and results of exploratory and theoretical research on current society and the need to structure itself in a technological world of information and communications are presented, since the lack of information imposed by competitiveness is based on the generation of new knowledge and the access to the use of the correct information. Living in modern society is a matter of survival. Since its formation, man seeks to develop knowledge to create mechanisms and better adapt to the environment. Communication, and subsequently writing, were certainly the biggest step towards a society structured in information and knowledge. In the corporate environment, information and knowledge are the slogans, they must be intrinsic in the management processes in order to develop information and media literacy as a competitive differential; that is, to provide access and use of information and resources in an intelligent way to build knowledge and apply it to reality. The use of media must act as an ally in this process of transforming knowledge into information and media literacy. The purpose of this exercise was to study the use of corporate games (serious games); these ones whose main characteristic is to train employees through a virtual environment that simulates reality and causes players to practice activities, without causing damages; as facilitators in this process, in which they will act as simulators in the decision - making stages in order to minimize failures, reduce time and cost. The survey involved the companies Oniria LDSoftware Ltda. and I9ação. It was carried out in two stages: 1 - research / bibliographic review of an exploratory nature that allowed the construction of a theoretical support framework and 2 - a descriptive case study supported by documentary research with institutional documents and company websites, observation in local and interviews with managers. The results showed that corporate digital games not only contribute to the development of information and media literacy, but also to other skills and abilities important to the management process. It has also been shown that corporate digital games are effective media tools to train and improve information and media literacy and all others involved in corporate environments, bringing competitiveness to the business environment where they are used.

Le terme de « prix de transfert » désigne le prix des transactions conclues entre les filiales d’une même entreprise multinationale. La thèse traite, sous un angle essentiellement normatif, de la problématique de réglementation de ces prix, c'est-à-dire de la détermination du mode de partage optimal du profit d’un groupe entre ses filiales. La thèse s’attache tout d’abord à montrer l’effet de la réglementation des prix de transfert sur les décisions de production et d’investissement des entreprises, puis sur le bien-être mondial. Sur la base des résultats obtenus, les objectifs qu’un dictateur bienveillant international devrait assigner à ce type de réglementation sont ensuite établis. Ce double travail permet de tracer le contour d’un projet de réglementation optimale, fondé sur le concept d’équité inter-nations, et dont l’application conduirait à attribuer à chaque filiale sa valeur de Shapley dans un jeu préalablement défini. La thèse éclaire également le débat contemporain en proposant un protocole permettant de comparer le principe de pleine concurrence avec la méthode d’allocation forfaitaire
The prices of the transactions set between subsidiaries of a multinational corporation are usually called « transfer prices ». The dissertation deals with the normative questions raised by the regulation of such prices, particularly the optimal way of distributing the profit of a multinational between its subsidiaries. The dissertation first shows how the transfer prices regulation can influence corporate production and investment decisions, thereby impacting worldwide welfare. Based upon these results, the objectives that an international benevolent dictator would pursue through such a regulation are then identified. This program allows for the sketching of an optimal transfer prices regulation, which relies strongly upon the inter-nation equity concept, and which application would grant each subsidiary its Shapley value in a certain game. The dissertation also makes a contribution to the current debate by proposing a protocol to compare the arm’s length principle with the formulary apportionment method

Notre travail se penche sur le financement de la formation professionnelle continue tel qu'il a été négocié par les partenaires sociaux dans les pays européens post-fordistes. A travers une approche des associations patronales centrée sur la distribution inégale des ressources entre grandes firmes et PME, nous montrons que l'émergence d'une gestion corporatiste (les fonds de mutualisation) peut s'interpréter comme le résultat d'alliances inter-classes entre les syndicats, les associations patronales et les PME, contre les grandes entreprises. Bien que nous mobilisions un corpus centré sur les employeurs à l’image de ce que fait l'approche en termes de Variétés du Capitalisme (VoC – Hall et Soskice, 2001), la thèse soutenue est plus proche de l’institutionnalisme historique de l'Ecole française de la Régulation. En effet, l'attention accordée à l'hétérogénéité des firmes et au rôle du politique est difficilement compatible avec l’institutionnalisme rationnel de la VoC et sa conception des associations patronales comme simples outils de coordination des firmes
Our work tackles the issue of the financing of the continuous vocational training as it has been negotiated by social partners in the post-fordist European countries. The reflection is centered on the unequal distribution of resources among the large and small firms affiliated to employer associations. It is shown that the emergence of a corporatist governance (the training funds) can be interpreted as the result of cross-class coalitions between trade unions, employer association and SMEs, against big companies. Although we mobilize a theoretical corpus centered on employers as the ‘Varieties of Capitalism’ approach does (VoC – Hall and Soskice, 2001), our dissertation is closer to the historical institutionalism of the French Régulation School. Indeed, the attention granted to the firms’ heterogeneity and to the role of politics is hardly compatible with the VoC rational institutionalism and its conception of employer organizations as mere employer coordination instruments

碩士
國立政治大學
經營管理碩士學程
90
The source of future corporate competitive advantages must come from their own existing core competence and also from building new core competences. Some scholars have already explored the meaning, source and process of the core competence, but when the outside environment changes, few scholars have studied how a corporation continually uses its original core competence and how it builds new core competences. Therefore, this thesis is a case study of Intel Corporation, which is a corporation with innovation R&D, manufacturing technology, speed, scale and flexibility. This thesis will focus on how Intel extends its original core competence, leverages resources and capability to build new, long-lasting core competences, thus seizing the opportunity of entering new markets facing today’s competitive environment and future potential markets, including broadband, wireless communication and IA field. We could summarize this thesis to the following findings: 1. The corporation’s R&D department may spend their R&D expenditures on the commercialization of technology in order to accumulate resources and also to increase and strengthen the corporation’s inner core competence. 2. The extension of the core competence can help forecast the next generation of product and technology by a future perspective instead of past experience. 3. The establishment of the industry standards and continuous investment can help build and strengthen the corporation’s core competence, and as a result, gives the corporation the chance to extend original core competences to the next new market and set up new industry standards. 4. The market factor of the product specification is a key success factor of core technology development. 5. Core competence is extensive, and the creation and accumulation of the core competence is based on effective leverage and sharing of corporate inner resources. 6. The building of the core competence is based more on the accumulation of long time learning than leapfrog inventions. 7. The vision and values of the corporate leader, the management style and the organizational culture all have great effect on extending the corporation’s core competence. 8. The higher the extent of path dependence, the easier the knowledge spreading and transferring. 9. In the new future business, forming a new business group is an important method of building new core competence. This thesis finds that Intel not only is able to successfully use its original core competence, it is also able to build new core competences enabling Intel to expand its market realm to broadband and wireless communication fields. Intel’s corporate advantages mainly lie in continuous investment of IC and wafer manufacturing technologies; leading R&D and manufacturing processes; scale of economy; the establishment of industry standards therefore giving Intel the ability to dominate the industry; the capability of providing a total solution platform; the success of the “Intel Inside” marketing strategy; and the perfect combination of leader vision/value, management systems and corporate culture. When the outside environment changes and wireless communication seems to be the next gold mine, Intel continues to invest in new technology and new product development, cut down costs, extending core competences and entering new markets using various means including strategic alliances, merge & acquisitions, investing in new technology fields, and forming new business units or groups. Intel is a first-mover and a dominant firm in the CPU market, and it stays on the edge by substantially staying ahead of competitors in manufacturing technologies, speed and efficiency performances. While facing the new wireless communication market, which already has a dominant firm but not yet a dominant industry standard, Intel chooses to use internally developed inventions and externally obtained technology, in coordination with existing advantages in manufacturing processes and original core competences, thus extend to the new markets.

abstract: Understanding customer preference is crucial for new product planning and marketing decisions. This thesis explores how historical data can be leveraged to understand and predict customer preference. This thesis presents a decision support framework that provides a holistic view on customer preference by following a two-phase procedure. Phase-1 uses cluster analysis to create product profiles based on which customer profiles are derived. Phase-2 then delves deep into each of the customer profiles and investigates causality behind their preference using Bayesian networks. This thesis illustrates the working of the framework using the case of Intel Corporation, world’s largest semiconductor manufacturing company.
Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Industrial Engineering 2017

碩士
國立中山大學
企業管理學系研究所
92
The essay is a system thinking approach to research the escalation – case study such as War-Mart, Intel and Chi-Mei corporation To research some points, firstly to research when the enterprises face the intense competition environment, what should we do for ourselves? Besides to fight with the opponents, is there any other methods we can take? In addition, when the enterprises face the escalation, what strategies they should take in order to get rid of the troubles or solve the problems? In this research, there are also some viewpoints from the literatures that show the peaceful salutations. However, if it possible to reach that goal, there will not be so many prices and commercial wars that happen so often at present.The author tries to take some successful examples to sum up several methods and rules which are the salutations for the escalation. we also can find that while we are facing the escalation, we should take more care of how we and our opponents use the different sources each other which might make different thoughts. If we analyze this in advance, and we will find why the escalation happen so frequently just because it is the result of people’s react rapidly for the threat. Thus, we should find the key point for the enterprises, to look for the people who are creative. Therefore we should cultivate ourselves every day to increase our creative personalities in order to decrease escalation.

碩士
輔仁大學
企業管理學系管理學碩士班
100
I examine whether knowledge similarity of two companies influences innovative performance after merger and acquisition then focusing on R&D activity, explores how a firm designs its human resource structure to produce more innovative performance. I hypothesized that a firm’s innovative performance after merger is influenced by knowledge similarity and knowledge concentration. I propose that, the degree of firms’ knowledge similarity is negatively associated with its innovative performance. Besides, drawing from prior literature, I develop the hypotheses that the density of patent class concentration and patent human concentration within a firm will influence the relationship between knowledge similarity and innovative performance. I use patent data, on a sample of 62 pair data in the global semiconductor industry to test my hypotheses. The Results shows the degree of firms’ knowledge similarity is negatively associated with its innovative performance. However, the density of patent class concentration within a firm will moderate the relationship between the degree of firms’ knowledge similarity and its innovation performance such that this relationship is stronger when the density of patent class concentration within a firm is high. The density of patent human concentration within a firm will moderate the relationship between the degree of a firms’ knowledge similarity and its innovative performance such that this relationship is weak when the density of patent human concentration within a firm is high.

博士
國立嘉義大學
管理研究所
98
For the purpose of entering overseas markets to expand its operation scope, it is common for the manufacturing-based SMEs to employ technology export and transnational investment, etc. to establish their international collaboration relationship and to expand international resource planning, reaching the goal of developing international market through external resource cooperation. This study concentrates in exploring how a Taiwanese SME, as the technology provider, effectively promote transnational technology transfer, even assisting the technology recipients upgrade their output standard and building management system. It not only transfered the technology, but also planned and designed appropriate new management framework for the recipients. This study hopes to, for the existing technology transfer theories, provide a technology transfer theory system targeting OEM manufacturers, taking organizational learning as its means, and setting operation competitiveness as its goal. This study employed a single case research method, based on the knowledge perspective of interpreting research; a classic Taiwan SME was then selected as the study subject. The study explored how the case firm, through technology transfer, upgraded its collaborating firm in India to build a technology transfer management model which is more technology adaptable and competitive. The research material was obtained through in-depth interviews with the Taiwanese enterpriser and the firm’s archive. The major findings of the study are: 1. A firm’s business management capacity affects the exporting firm’s strategy building in transnational collaboration. 2. The cross-nationalized strategy of a transnational technology transferring firm affects the strategy on transnational collaboration. 3. Based on the trust built on transnational collaboration by the both parties in transnational technology transfer, the process of technology transfer is made possible under three influence factors: the technology proximity, technology evaluation, and technology personnel incentives. Key words: technology transfer; inter-organizational learning, international resource planning, cross-nationalized strategy, technology diagnosis

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are one of the principal driving forces in the development of an economy because of its significant contribution in terms of number of enterprises, employment, output and exports in most developing as well as developed countries. But SMEs, particularly in developing countries like India, face constraints in the functional areas of technology, finance, marketing and human resources. Moreover these SMEs have been exposed to intense international competition since early 1990s because of globalisation. However, globalisation, the process of continuing integration of the countries in the world has opened up new opportunities for SMEs of developing countries to cater to wider international markets which bring out the need for these SMEs to develop competitiveness for their survival as well as growth. Subcontracting relationship of SMEs with Large Enterprises (LEs) is an important source of access to technology and other infrastructural resources for SMEs of developing countries enabling them to develop their capabilities and become competitive. In the era of globalisation, Trans National Corporations (TNCs) are expanding their production facilities to developing countries for availing the advantages of productivity and distribution more than ever and India is no exception. These TNCs which concentrate on core operations and outsource non core activities offer better scope for local SMEs to have subcontracting relationship with them. Superior work culture of these TNCs would be reflected in their subcontracting relationships with local SME suppliers since TNCs place much emphasis on their value chain to be organised according to international standards. The key issue is whether Indian SMEs have entered into subcontracting relationship with TNCs and if so what is the nature of these subcontracting relationships? Does this relationship with the TNCs offer more scope for receiving assistance of various kinds for subcontracting SMEs? What is the extent and diversity of this TNC assistance? Given the quantum of assistance, does it facilitate the innovations and economic performance of SMEs? These questions have been addressed in the study with reference to subcontracting SMEs of three major TNCs in the Indian automobile industrya Japanese TNC, a German TNC and a Swedish TNCall the three being located in Bangalore, India. A theoretical framework for subcontracting relationship between TNCs and SMEs is proposed focusing on TNC assistance, SME innovations and economic performance, based on literature review. The study is based on an Ex Post Facto Exploratory research using primary data collected from a sample of 81 SME subcontractors selected from the list of first level suppliers provided by the three TNCs. The relevant data were collected using a structured questionnaire by visiting the firms and having personal interviews with entrepreneurs/senior managers of the firms. An assessment of nature of the SME subcontractors and their subcontracting relationships with TNCs revealed that these SME subcontractors of the three TNCs are in different stages of TNCSME subcontracting relationship. The Swedish TNCSME subcontracting relationships are in the initial stage, the Japanese TNCSME subcontracting relationships are in the growing stage and German TNCSME subcontracting relationships are in an enduring stage of the relationship. Therefore they are alternatively referred to as initial stage SME subcontractors, growing stage SME subcontractors and enduring stage SME subcontractors. The assistance a subcontracting SME received from its TNC customer was measured using 20 item variables under 7 dimensions of assistance related to product, production process, managerial know-how, marketing, human resource, financial and purchase process. A model to measure the degree of assistance was formulated with these 20 item variables for measuring the seven dimensions of assistance. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to establish the validity of the model. The degree of assistance was calculated as a single summated score for each case by summing up the composite scores of the seven dimensions of assistance calculated using weighted average method. The assistance provided to SME subcontractors was more in the case of German TNC than those of Japanese TNC and Swedish TNC. Even though there was evidence of assistance from TNCs to SME subcontractors, these SMEs received more of product related and purchase process assistance whereas assistance for their production process, managerial know-how, marketing, human resource, financial requirements was not very high. This implies that subcontracting relationship of Indian SMEs with TNCs is confined more to a mere purchase supply relationship where both the parties are concerned about the basic requirements of purchase supply relationship like detailed specifications, proper feedback on product performance, advance information about future orders, preferential pricing and proper payment. Innovation of the subcontracting SMEs was measured based on six dimensions of innovation, namely, new product developments, product modifications, process improvements, informal R&D/NPD expenditure, informal R&D/NPD employees and raw material selection. Firms were classified into two groups as high innovators and low innovators based on the innovation score calculated using the six dimensions. To probe the role of TNC assistance in the innovations of subcontracting SMEs, a logistic regression analysis was performed using the equation with degree of assistance, capital and labour as explanatory variables and innovation level as criterion variable. Our analysis revealed the positive role of assistance in the innovations of SMEs. However, the positive role of this assistance was found to be decreasing as focus of our analysis shifted from the initial stage SME subcontractors to the growing stage SME subcontractors and then to the enduring stage SME subcontractors even when the assistance they received increased from one stage to the other. SME subcontractors operating in the initial stage of the relationships, who in general lack technological competence, rely more and make more use of the assistance, even when the assistance itself is low, for their innovative performance. As the relationship gets older, the SMEs may be able to enhance their inhouse competence using the assistance from the TNC and may make more use of their own resources for innovations along with the assistance from TNCs. Therefore, as SME firms begin to use more of their inhouse resources for their innovations, it is likely that the role of TNC assistance for SME innovations would decrease. Increasing positive role of labour for SME innovations as the relationship shifted from initial to enduring stages substantiate the argument of increasing utilisation of inhouse resources for innovations as relationship prolongs over a period of time. A comparative analysis of the economic performance of SME subcontractors revealed that the German subcontractors were having more labour productivity and value added to value of output and low capital productivity whereas Swedish subcontractors were having high capital productivity and low labour productivity and value of added to value of output compared to other two. In order to probe the role of degree of assistance on the economic performance of SMEs, a regression analysis was performed using the equation with degree of assistance, capital and labour as explanatory variables and value addition as criterion variable. The results revealed the contributory role of TNC assistance in the economic performance of subcontracting SMEs but this contributory role of assistance was found to be decreasing even when the assistance itself is increasing whereas the contribution of labour increased, as our analysis shifted from the initial stage to the growing and then to the enduring stage of relationships. The extent of assistance might be low at the initial stage of the relationship but the small and young SME subcontractors who in general, lack technological competence might be able to make more use of this assistance since the assistance from TNCs would be one of their major sources for technical upgradation and growth. As the relationship prolongs both contracting and subcontracting firms may rely on trust and build up close relationship which would enable the SMEs to enhance their sales to the TNC and receive more assistance. At the same time, some of the SMEs might even strengthen their inhouse resources due to TNC assistance which in turn could be further used for their economic performance. This could be the reason for the decreasing contributory role of assistance and increasing contributory role of labour for the economic performance of subcontracting SMEs as our analysis moved to more enduring relationships. Further analysis using other regression models revealed that the firms, which received more assistance from the TNC customers utilised labour more efficiently than firms which received lesser assistance. TNC assistance was found to be an important factor for the enhancement of labour productivity of subcontracting SMEs, especially for young and small firms operating in the initial stage of the relationship. The subcontracting SMEs were able to make use of the innovations which they could carry out with TNC assistance for their economic performance. Quantile regression analysis, performed to have a more comprehensive picture of the effect of degree of assistance on economic performance, revealed that that for SMEs having average factor productivities, the assistance from TNCs contributed less to their economic performance relative to those SMEs which had low and high factor productivities, respectively. Moreover, SMEs which had high factor productivities were able to make more use of their innovations for their economic performance. These findings clearly show that the TNC assistance enables subcontracting SMEs to enhance their innovations and economic performance. Initially, the SME subcontractors might receive less assistance but these SMEs who in general, have limited resources may make more use of this assistance for better performance and enhancing their internal capabilities. As the subcontracting relationship endures over a period of time, subcontracting SMEs would be able to enhance their performance and develop their internal resources which in turn could be further used for their performance. If that is so, even when the SMEs are able to receive more assistance from TNCs and deliver higher performance, the contribution of this assistance for their performance would decrease. Thus this diminishing role of assistance from TNCs in the economic performance of subcontracting SMEs supports the fact that SME subcontractors are able to improve their internal capabilities and competitiveness through long term subcontracting relationships with TNCs. An assessment of the relative importance of SME factors which encourage subcontracting of the SMEs with TNCs indicated that inhouse R&D efforts and technological capability, frequent and proper communication, financial stability, skilled manpower, reputation of the subcontracting firm etc. are the most important factors, indicating the importance of inhouse/internal resources of the subcontracting firms. An assessment of the factors with respect to improvement needed for these SMEs revealed that the entrepreneurs/managers of the SMEs had realised the need to improve their inhouse resources and develop their technological capabilities with enhanced skilled manpower and better machinery. Given the importance of internal resources of SMEs for forging subcontracting relationships with TNCs, Indian SMEs need to place utmost priority for enhancing their own technical and manpower resources. Results of our study underlines the need for a policy thrust to expand the coverage of subcontracting involving local SMEs with domestic economy based global TNCs. The promotion of linkages of SMEs with TNCs depends on two factors: (i) the availability of local SMEs who have the prerequisite capabilities in terms of quality, delivery and cost and (ii) availability of information of such SMEs and their capabilities for TNCs. This context calls for the simultaneous strategy of competitiveness enhancement of local SMEs to the required level and providing information about the available capabilities of SMEs to TNCs.

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are one of the principal driving forces in the development of an economy because of its significant contribution in terms of number of enterprises, employment, output and exports in most developing as well as developed countries. But SMEs, particularly in developing countries like India, face constraints in the functional areas of technology, finance, marketing and human resources. Moreover these SMEs have been exposed to intense international competition since early 1990s because of globalisation. However, globalisation, the process of continuing integration of the countries in the world has opened up new opportunities for SMEs of developing countries to cater to wider international markets which bring out the need for these SMEs to develop competitiveness for their survival as well as growth. Subcontracting relationship of SMEs with Large Enterprises (LEs) is an important source of access to technology and other infrastructural resources for SMEs of developing countries enabling them to develop their capabilities and become competitive. In the era of globalisation, Trans National Corporations (TNCs) are expanding their production facilities to developing countries for availing the advantages of productivity and distribution more than ever and India is no exception. These TNCs which concentrate on core operations and outsource non core activities offer better scope for local SMEs to have subcontracting relationship with them. Superior work culture of these TNCs would be reflected in their subcontracting relationships with local SME suppliers since TNCs place much emphasis on their value chain to be organised according to international standards. The key issue is whether Indian SMEs have entered into subcontracting relationship with TNCs and if so what is the nature of these subcontracting relationships? Does this relationship with the TNCs offer more scope for receiving assistance of various kinds for subcontracting SMEs? What is the extent and diversity of this TNC assistance? Given the quantum of assistance, does it facilitate the innovations and economic performance of SMEs? These questions have been addressed in the study with reference to subcontracting SMEs of three major TNCs in the Indian automobile industrya Japanese TNC, a German TNC and a Swedish TNCall the three being located in Bangalore, India. A theoretical framework for subcontracting relationship between TNCs and SMEs is proposed focusing on TNC assistance, SME innovations and economic performance, based on literature review. The study is based on an Ex Post Facto Exploratory research using primary data collected from a sample of 81 SME subcontractors selected from the list of first level suppliers provided by the three TNCs. The relevant data were collected using a structured questionnaire by visiting the firms and having personal interviews with entrepreneurs/senior managers of the firms. An assessment of nature of the SME subcontractors and their subcontracting relationships with TNCs revealed that these SME subcontractors of the three TNCs are in different stages of TNCSME subcontracting relationship. The Swedish TNCSME subcontracting relationships are in the initial stage, the Japanese TNCSME subcontracting relationships are in the growing stage and German TNCSME subcontracting relationships are in an enduring stage of the relationship. Therefore they are alternatively referred to as initial stage SME subcontractors, growing stage SME subcontractors and enduring stage SME subcontractors. The assistance a subcontracting SME received from its TNC customer was measured using 20 item variables under 7 dimensions of assistance related to product, production process, managerial know-how, marketing, human resource, financial and purchase process. A model to measure the degree of assistance was formulated with these 20 item variables for measuring the seven dimensions of assistance. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to establish the validity of the model. The degree of assistance was calculated as a single summated score for each case by summing up the composite scores of the seven dimensions of assistance calculated using weighted average method. The assistance provided to SME subcontractors was more in the case of German TNC than those of Japanese TNC and Swedish TNC. Even though there was evidence of assistance from TNCs to SME subcontractors, these SMEs received more of product related and purchase process assistance whereas assistance for their production process, managerial know-how, marketing, human resource, financial requirements was not very high. This implies that subcontracting relationship of Indian SMEs with TNCs is confined more to a mere purchase supply relationship where both the parties are concerned about the basic requirements of purchase supply relationship like detailed specifications, proper feedback on product performance, advance information about future orders, preferential pricing and proper payment. Innovation of the subcontracting SMEs was measured based on six dimensions of innovation, namely, new product developments, product modifications, process improvements, informal R&D/NPD expenditure, informal R&D/NPD employees and raw material selection. Firms were classified into two groups as high innovators and low innovators based on the innovation score calculated using the six dimensions. To probe the role of TNC assistance in the innovations of subcontracting SMEs, a logistic regression analysis was performed using the equation with degree of assistance, capital and labour as explanatory variables and innovation level as criterion variable. Our analysis revealed the positive role of assistance in the innovations of SMEs. However, the positive role of this assistance was found to be decreasing as focus of our analysis shifted from the initial stage SME subcontractors to the growing stage SME subcontractors and then to the enduring stage SME subcontractors even when the assistance they received increased from one stage to the other. SME subcontractors operating in the initial stage of the relationships, who in general lack technological competence, rely more and make more use of the assistance, even when the assistance itself is low, for their innovative performance. As the relationship gets older, the SMEs may be able to enhance their inhouse competence using the assistance from the TNC and may make more use of their own resources for innovations along with the assistance from TNCs. Therefore, as SME firms begin to use more of their inhouse resources for their innovations, it is likely that the role of TNC assistance for SME innovations would decrease. Increasing positive role of labour for SME innovations as the relationship shifted from initial to enduring stages substantiate the argument of increasing utilisation of inhouse resources for innovations as relationship prolongs over a period of time. A comparative analysis of the economic performance of SME subcontractors revealed that the German subcontractors were having more labour productivity and value added to value of output and low capital productivity whereas Swedish subcontractors were having high capital productivity and low labour productivity and value of added to value of output compared to other two. In order to probe the role of degree of assistance on the economic performance of SMEs, a regression analysis was performed using the equation with degree of assistance, capital and labour as explanatory variables and value addition as criterion variable. The results revealed the contributory role of TNC assistance in the economic performance of subcontracting SMEs but this contributory role of assistance was found to be decreasing even when the assistance itself is increasing whereas the contribution of labour increased, as our analysis shifted from the initial stage to the growing and then to the enduring stage of relationships. The extent of assistance might be low at the initial stage of the relationship but the small and young SME subcontractors who in general, lack technological competence might be able to make more use of this assistance since the assistance from TNCs would be one of their major sources for technical upgradation and growth. As the relationship prolongs both contracting and subcontracting firms may rely on trust and build up close relationship which would enable the SMEs to enhance their sales to the TNC and receive more assistance. At the same time, some of the SMEs might even strengthen their inhouse resources due to TNC assistance which in turn could be further used for their economic performance. This could be the reason for the decreasing contributory role of assistance and increasing contributory role of labour for the economic performance of subcontracting SMEs as our analysis moved to more enduring relationships. Further analysis using other regression models revealed that the firms, which received more assistance from the TNC customers utilised labour more efficiently than firms which received lesser assistance. TNC assistance was found to be an important factor for the enhancement of labour productivity of subcontracting SMEs, especially for young and small firms operating in the initial stage of the relationship. The subcontracting SMEs were able to make use of the innovations which they could carry out with TNC assistance for their economic performance. Quantile regression analysis, performed to have a more comprehensive picture of the effect of degree of assistance on economic performance, revealed that that for SMEs having average factor productivities, the assistance from TNCs contributed less to their economic performance relative to those SMEs which had low and high factor productivities, respectively. Moreover, SMEs which had high factor productivities were able to make more use of their innovations for their economic performance. These findings clearly show that the TNC assistance enables subcontracting SMEs to enhance their innovations and economic performance. Initially, the SME subcontractors might receive less assistance but these SMEs who in general, have limited resources may make more use of this assistance for better performance and enhancing their internal capabilities. As the subcontracting relationship endures over a period of time, subcontracting SMEs would be able to enhance their performance and develop their internal resources which in turn could be further used for their performance. If that is so, even when the SMEs are able to receive more assistance from TNCs and deliver higher performance, the contribution of this assistance for their performance would decrease. Thus this diminishing role of assistance from TNCs in the economic performance of subcontracting SMEs supports the fact that SME subcontractors are able to improve their internal capabilities and competitiveness through long term subcontracting relationships with TNCs. An assessment of the relative importance of SME factors which encourage subcontracting of the SMEs with TNCs indicated that inhouse R&D efforts and technological capability, frequent and proper communication, financial stability, skilled manpower, reputation of the subcontracting firm etc. are the most important factors, indicating the importance of inhouse/internal resources of the subcontracting firms. An assessment of the factors with respect to improvement needed for these SMEs revealed that the entrepreneurs/managers of the SMEs had realised the need to improve their inhouse resources and develop their technological capabilities with enhanced skilled manpower and better machinery. Given the importance of internal resources of SMEs for forging subcontracting relationships with TNCs, Indian SMEs need to place utmost priority for enhancing their own technical and manpower resources. Results of our study underlines the need for a policy thrust to expand the coverage of subcontracting involving local SMEs with domestic economy based global TNCs. The promotion of linkages of SMEs with TNCs depends on two factors: (i) the availability of local SMEs who have the prerequisite capabilities in terms of quality, delivery and cost and (ii) availability of information of such SMEs and their capabilities for TNCs. This context calls for the simultaneous strategy of competitiveness enhancement of local SMEs to the required level and providing information about the available capabilities of SMEs to TNCs.

Manufacturing structures have partly changed from high levels of vertical integration to outsourcing during the past twenty to thirty years. As a result, outsourcing has often become the preferred choice for labour intensive products. In Australia, many companies have increased their outsourcing of components and finished products to developing countries, particularly mainland China, primarily to take advantage of lower labour and other production costs. Thus decisions in outsourcing are fundamental to organisational restructuring. However, although outsourcing can achieve many significant benefits, it presents a variety of new risks and problems due to the extension of supply chains, and needs solutions.

The arrest of Meng Wanzhou and the Huawei prosecution have revealed a mounting battle for high-tech supremacy between the United States and China. The ongoing technology war and the trade war are merely one dimension of a far-reaching and accelerating imperialist rivalry. The changing reality on the world stage has urged a reconsideration of the thesis of transnational capitalist class (TCC) and theory of globalization in general. By reviewing the historical debate between the globalist and critical realist schools, I argue that William Carroll’s theoretical frame of global capitalism grounded in corporate network research through emphasizing a dialectical process of the ‘making’ of the TCC is better equipped to explain the unfolding Sino-U.S. conflict. Following Carroll’s multilayered approach to corporate network research, I conduct a corporate network analysis to examine the directorate interlocks of 40 Chinese transnational corporations (TNCs) selected from the Fortune Global 500 list. My study has found that the transnational networks of Chinese TNCs have remained considerably sparse, contained within condensed national networks. The globalization of Chinese TNCs and Chinese corporate elite has been modest and has not undermined or replaced the national base. This is due to two crucial reasons: the statist character of Chinese capitalist class and the regionalized development of global capitalism and class formation. In concordance with Carroll’s network research of Western companies, my study of corporate China reaffirms the fragility of the TCC, its internal friction, and potential decomposition. It also provides a material ground for analyzing the Sino-U.S. inter-imperialist rivalry as a structural development out of global capitalism and its class relations. My thesis study, therefore, offers the first attempt to draw a direct linkage between corporate network formation and geopolitical conflict.
Graduate