Journal articles: 'Intellect-openness'

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Fayn, Kirill, Paul J. Silvia, Carolyn MacCann, and Niko Tiliopoulos. "Interested in Different Things or in Different Ways?" Journal of Individual Differences 38, no. 4 (2017): 265–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000243.

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Abstract. Openness and intellect may differentially predict engagement for two possible reasons. First, engagement with sensory experiences is associated with openness, whereas engagement with abstract information is associated with intellect – a distinction based on content. Second, openness reflects affective, and intellect cognitive processing – a distinction based on affect. These two positions are contrasted through associations of both openness and intellect with interest in a broad range of stimuli. Participants (N = 191) viewed images of visual art, philosophical quotations, and scientific discoveries and rated them on interest, appraised novelty and understanding. Only openness predicted greater interest in all stimuli types. Appraised understanding mediated the openness-interest relationship for visual art and philosophy, while intellect was associated with greater appraised understanding of science and philosophy. Openness was associated with weaker understanding-interest relationships for visual art, and greater reactivity to novelty for science and philosophy. We conclude that one way to think of the engagement distinction between openness and intellect is in terms of emotional versus cognitive engagement. That is, the aspects reflect engagement in different ways rather than in different things.

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Trapnell, Paul D. "Openness versus intellect: A lexical left turn." European Journal of Personality 8, no. 4 (1994): 273–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2410080405.

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In a recent article, Saucier (1992) disputed McCrae's (1990) view that lexically defined Intellect differs in fundamental ways from questionnaire‐defined Openness to Experience, and that these differences are due to lexical underrepresentation of some openness facets. A re‐analysis of Saucier's (1992) lexical data and questionnaire ‘Factor V’ from three samples are presented, which calls into question Saucier's conclusion that the Openness‐against‐Intellect debate may be ‘much ado about nothing’. Two facets of incommensurability are identified between Intellect and Openness variants of Factor V: competency and liberalism.

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Saucier, Gerard. "Openness versus intellect: Much ado about nothing?" European Journal of Personality 6, no. 5 (1992): 381–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2410060506.

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McCrae (1990) has argued that Openness to Experience is a fundamental dimension of personality that is not well represented among English‐language trait adjectives. Presumably, then, studies of personality adjectives will inevitably fail to capture at least one fundamental personality dimension. I argue that the language does contain many adjectives referring to Openness, and that recent studies of the language of personality reveal a large factor clearly related to both Openness and Intellect. These studies support both the Openness construct and the questionnaire version of the five basic factors. Lexical and questionnaire methods appear to converge on a single structural framework for basic personality traits.

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DeYoung, Colin G., Lena C. Quilty, Jordan B. Peterson, and Jeremy R. Gray. "Openness to Experience, Intellect, and Cognitive Ability." Journal of Personality Assessment 96, no. 1 (2013): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2013.806327.

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Hotchin, Victoria, and Keon West. "Openness and Intellect differentially predict Right-Wing Authoritarianism." Personality and Individual Differences 124 (April 2018): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.11.048.

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Ingram, Paul B., Candace Boan-Lenzo, and M. Alexandra Vuyk. "Openness/Intellect in a 50-Item IPIP Instrument." Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment 31, no. 6 (2013): 600–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734282913481448.

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Smillie, Luke D., Valeria Varsavsky, Rachel E. Avery, and Ryan Perry. "Trait Intellect Predicts Cognitive Engagement: Evidence from a Resource Allocation Perspective." European Journal of Personality 30, no. 3 (2016): 215–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2059.

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Trait Intellect, one of the two ‘aspects’ of the broader Openness/Intellect ‘domain’, predicts performance on a range of cognitive tasks including tests of intelligence and working memory. This has been explained in terms of the tendency for high–Intellect individuals to explore, or engage more effortfully with, abstract information. This theoretical perspective can be framed in the language of Resource Allocation Theory, in terms of high–Intellect individuals allocating more of their available cognitive resources to abstract cognitive tasks. In two experiments (total N = 160), we examined the relation between Intellect and cognitive engagement during a primary word–search task under conditions of both high and low secondary cognitive load. Both experiments revealed that high–Intellect individuals were more vulnerable to the impact of the secondary cognitive load on primary task performance. This suggests that, under low secondary load, such individuals were indeed allocating more of their available cognitive resources to the primary task. These results held after controlling for trait Openness, trait Industriousness (an aspect of Conscientiousness) and a measure of working memory capacity (N–back task). Our findings provide novel support for the cognitive mechanisms proposed to underlie trait Intellect. Copyright © 2016 European Association of Personality Psychology

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Ashton, Michael C., Kibeom Lee, Philip A. Vernon, and Kerry L. Jang. "Fluid Intelligence, Crystallized Intelligence, and the Openness/Intellect Factor." Journal of Research in Personality 34, no. 2 (2000): 198–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jrpe.1999.2276.

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McCrae, Robert R. "Openness to Experience: Expanding the boundaries of Factor V." European Journal of Personality 8, no. 4 (1994): 251–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2410080404.

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The fifth factor in lexical studies of trait adjectives is commonly interpreted as Intellect, whereas the corresponding factor derived from questionnaire studies is typically identified as Openness to Experience. Intellect as a construct is problematic because it erroneously suggests an equivalence of Factor V with intelligence, describes aspects of Factor III (Conscientiousness) as well as of Factor V, and fails to suggest the diverse psychological correlates that Factor V is known to have. By contrast, Openness to Experience is a broader construct that implies both receptivity to many varieties of experience and a fluid and permeable structure of consciousness. Data from analyses of adjectives, established personality questionnaires, and Hartmann's (1991) new Boundary Questionnaire support these interpretations. The construct of Openness can be transported across geographical and cultural boundaries to function as a universal dimension of personality structure.

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Fayn, Kirill, Paul J. Silvia, Egon Dejonckheere, Stijn Verdonck, and Peter Kuppens. "Confused or curious? Openness/intellect predicts more positive interest-confusion relations." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 117, no. 5 (2019): 1016–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000257.

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Nusbaum, Emily C., and Paul J. Silvia. "Are Openness and Intellect distinct aspects of Openness to Experience? A test of the O/I model." Personality and Individual Differences 51, no. 5 (2011): 571–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.05.013.

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Zajenkowski, Marcin, and Gerald Matthews. "Intellect and openness differentially predict affect: Perceived and objective cognitive ability contexts." Personality and Individual Differences 137 (January 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.08.001.

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Bainbridge, Timothy F., Joshua A. Quinlan, Raymond A. Mar, and Luke D. Smillie. "Openness/Intellect and Susceptibility to Pseudo–Profound Bullshit: A Replication and Extension." European Journal of Personality 33, no. 1 (2019): 72–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2176.

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‘Pseudo–profound bullshit’ (PPBS) is a class of meaningless statements designed to appear profound. Profundity ratings for PPBS have been found to be negatively related to analytical thinking and positively related to epistemically suspect beliefs (e.g. belief in the paranormal). Conceptually similar traits within the Openness/Intellect (O/I) domain form a simplex, whereby traits are arranged along a single dimension from intelligence to apophenia (i.e. observing patterns or causal connections were none exist). Across two studies (total N = 297), we attempted to replicate the O/I simplex and determine how it relates to perceiving PPBS as profound. Participants completed questionnaires measuring traits from the O/I simplex and provided profundity ratings for PPBS. Profundity ratings of PPBS tended to correlate negatively with intelligence and positively with apophenia. The association with intelligence generally reflected a greater ability to discriminate the profound from the pseudo–profound, whereas the association with apophenia reflected poorer discrimination in Study 1, with less conclusive results in Study 2. In both studies, the O/I simplex was closely replicated. The results suggest a link between the O/I domain and perceiving PPBS as profound and tentatively support the theory that intelligence may protect against apophenia. © 2018 European Association of Personality Psychology

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Chmielewski, Michael, R. Michael Bagby, Kristian Markon, Angela J. Ring, and Andrew G. Ryder. "Openness to Experience, Intellect, Schizotypal Personality Disorder, and Psychoticism: Resolving the Controversy." Journal of Personality Disorders 28, no. 4 (2014): 483–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/pedi_2014_28_128.

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DeYoung, Colin G., Noah A. Shamosh, Adam E. Green, Todd S. Braver, and Jeremy R. Gray. "Intellect as distinct from openness: Differences revealed by fMRI of working memory." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 97, no. 5 (2009): 883–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0016615.

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Mussel, Patrick, Alexander S. McKay, Matthias Ziegler, Johannes Hewig, and James C. Kaufman. "Predicting Creativity Based on the Facets of the Theoretical Intellect Framework." European Journal of Personality 29, no. 4 (2015): 459–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2000.

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The present study investigates how the construct intellect, according to the Theoretical Intellect Framework (TIF), predicts creativity. The TIF is a theoretical model describing the structure of the construct intellect, a sub–dimension of the Big Five domain openness to experience. People (N = 2709) from two sub–samples (undergraduate students and Amazon MTurkers) completed one of three creativity tasks (self–reported, remote associates, or rated photo caption) and the Intellect Scale. The results support hypotheses derived from the TIF, as the operation Create, rather than the operations Think or Learn, significantly and in some cases uniquely predicted the self–reported creativity indicators. Creativity indicators with a strong cognitive load (remote associates test and rated photo caption), however, were predicted by the operation Think. Results are discussed with regards to the nomological net of the operation Create and the construct validity of the creativity assessments. We provide implications for applied purposes and call for further examination of the TIF with additional creativity measures. Copyright © 2015 European Association of Personality Psychology

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Ghorbani, Nima, P. J. Watson, Zahra Sarmast, and Zhuo Job Chen. "Post-Critical Beliefs and Religious Reflection: Religious Openness Hypothesis in Iranian University and Islamic Seminary Students." Journal of Empirical Theology 31, no. 1 (2018): 49–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15709256-12341367.

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Abstract Negative relationships between Post-Critical Beliefs in Iran imply that Muslim perspectives are closed-minded, but positive correlations between Religious Reflection factors point instead toward a Muslim open-mindedness. The hypothesis of this study was that this contrast reveals the Post-Critical Belief of Symbolism to be a questionable index of Muslim open-mindedness. Iranian university students and Islamic seminarians (N = 296) responded to Post-Critical Beliefs, Religious Reflection, Religious Orientation, Quest, Rumination-Reflection, and Satisfaction with Life measures. The “openness” of Symbolism correlated negatively with the “openness” of Intellect Oriented Reflection. Other relationships broadly documented Muslim potentials for openness. Evidence of open-mindedness also appeared in contrasts between university students and Islamic seminarians. These results argued against Symbolism as a culturally sensitive measure of Muslim open-mindedness and supported the claim of the Religious Openness Hypothesis that traditional religions have at least some potentials for openness that can be obscured by contextual influences.

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Altschul, Drew M., Emma K. Wallace, Ruth Sonnweber, Masaki Tomonaga, and Alexander Weiss. "Chimpanzee intellect: personality, performance and motivation with touchscreen tasks." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 5 (2017): 170169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170169.

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Human intellect is characterized by intercorrelated psychological domains, including intelligence, academic performance and personality. Higher openness is associated with higher intelligence and better academic performance, yet high performance among individuals is itself attributable to intelligence, not openness. High conscientiousness individuals, although not necessarily more intelligent, are better performers. Work with other species is not as extensive, yet animals display similar relationships between exploration- and persistence-related personality traits and performance on cognitive tasks. However, previous studies linking cognition and personality have not tracked learning, performance and dropout over time—three crucial elements of cognitive performance. We conducted three participatory experiments with touchscreen cognitive tasks among 19 zoo-housed chimpanzees, whose personalities were assessed 3 years prior to the study. Performance and participation were recorded across experiments. High conscientiousness chimpanzees participated more, dropped out less and performed better, but their performance could be explained by their experience with the task. High openness chimpanzees tended to be more interested, perform better and continue to participate when not rewarded with food. Our results demonstrate that chimpanzees, like humans, possess broad intellectual capacities that are affected by their personalities.

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Fayn, Kirill, Niko Tiliopoulos, and Carolyn MacCann. "Interest in truth versus beauty: Intellect and Openness reflect different pathways towards interest." Personality and Individual Differences 81 (July 2015): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.12.031.

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DeYoung, Colin G., Rachael G. Grazioplene, and Jordan B. Peterson. "From madness to genius: The Openness/Intellect trait domain as a paradoxical simplex." Journal of Research in Personality 46, no. 1 (2012): 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2011.12.003.

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Soubelet, Andrea, and Timothy A. Salthouse. "The role of activity engagement in the relations between Openness/Intellect and cognition." Personality and Individual Differences 49, no. 8 (2010): 896–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.07.026.

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Arora, Ridhi, and Santosh Rangnekar. "Linking the Big Five personality factors and career commitment dimensions." Journal of Management Development 35, no. 9 (2016): 1134–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmd-10-2015-0142.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship of the Big Five personality factors (extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, emotional stability, and intellect/openness to experience) with career commitment measured in terms of three factors as career identity, career resilience, and career planning. Design/methodology/approach The study included 363 managers from public and private sector organizations in North India. Findings The authors found that in the Indian context, openness to experience/intellect is the Big Five personality dimension that acts as the significant predictor of all the three dimensions of career commitment (career identity, career resilience, and career planning). Further, conscientiousness was found as the significant predictor of only career identity, which indicated Indian managers who are focused identify well with their career line. In addition, the Big Five personality dimension of agreeableness was found to have a positive significant influence on career planning. From this, the authors inferred that tendency to get along well with others helps Indian managers in enhancing their career planning. Originality/value The study contributes to the existing literature on personality and careers in the South-Asian context.

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Douglas, Heather E., Miles Bore, and Don Munro. "Openness and Intellect: An analysis of the motivational constructs underlying two aspects of personality." Personality and Individual Differences 99 (September 2016): 242–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.030.

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DeYoung, Colin G., Dante Cicchetti, Fred A. Rogosch, Jeremy R. Gray, Maria Eastman, and Elena L. Grigorenko. "Sources of cognitive exploration: Genetic variation in the prefrontal dopamine system predicts Openness/Intellect." Journal of Research in Personality 45, no. 4 (2011): 364–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2011.04.002.

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Kaufman, Scott Barry, Lena C. Quilty, Rachael G. Grazioplene, et al. "Openness to Experience and Intellect Differentially Predict Creative Achievement in the Arts and Sciences." Journal of Personality 84, no. 2 (2015): 248–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12156.

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Vartanian, Oshin, Christopher J. Wertz, Ranee A. Flores, et al. "Structural correlates of Openness and Intellect: Implications for the contribution of personality to creativity." Human Brain Mapping 39, no. 7 (2018): 2987–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hbm.24054.

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DeYoung, Colin G., Jordan B. Peterson, and Daniel M. Higgins. "Sources of Openness/Intellect: Cognitive and Neuropsychological Correlates of the Fifth Factor of Personality." Journal of Personality 73, no. 4 (2005): 825–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2005.00330.x.

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Lawson, Valerie L., Christine Bundy, John Belcher, and John N. Harvey. "Changes in coping behavior and the relationship to personality, health threat communication and illness perceptions from the diagnosis of diabetes: a 2-year prospective longitudinal study." Health Psychology Research 1, no. 2 (2013): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/hpr.2013.716.

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Coping behavior is of critical importance in diabetes because of its impact upon self-care and hence eventual medical outcome. We examined how coping behavior and its relationship to personality, diabetes health threat communication (DHTC) and illness representations changes after diagnosis of diabetes. Newly diagnosed diabetic patients were assessed after diagnosis and at 6, 12 and 24 months using the DHTC, Illness Perceptions and Coping inventory questionnaires. Personality traits were assessed at baseline. Active coping, planning, positive reinterpretation and growth (PRG), seeking emotional and instrumental (social) support decreased over the 2 years from diagnosis while passive acceptance increased. Openness/intellect and conscientiousness traits were associated with active coping and seeking instrumental support. Openness/intellect also associated with planning and PRG. These relationships did not vary over time. Perceived threat and serious consequences were associated with active coping but the effect diminished over time. Illness coherence (understanding of diabetes), personal and treatment control were associated with active coping, planning and seeking instrumental support and did not change over time. The coping strategies most commonly employed by diabetic patients are adaptive. Coping behavior changes over the 2 years from diagnosis. Promoting better understanding of diabetes, perceptions of personal control and treatment effectiveness are more likely than perception of health threat to sustain adaptive problem focused coping behavior.

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Shafer, Alan B. "Brief Bipolar Markers for the Five Factor Model of Personality." Psychological Reports 84, no. 3_suppl (1999): 1173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1999.84.3c.1173.

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The initial development of a brief 30-item bipolar rating scale designed to measure the Five Factor Model of personality is presented. This scale assesses Factor V as a variant of Openness rather than Intellect. Factor analyses across five samples (Total N = 898) indicated that the trait-term pairs used to construct the scales exhibited relatively high univocal factor loadings ( M = .62, SD=.13) and acceptable values of internal consistency ( M α=.79, SD= 07)

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Goldberg, Lewis R. "Resolving a scientific embarrassment: A comment on the articles in this special issue." European Journal of Personality 8, no. 4 (1994): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2410080411.

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The controversy concerning the two dominant interpretations of Factor V reflects a confusion in the scientific literature between two different five‐factor models, each proposed for a different purpose. In the ‘Five‐Factor Model’ of genotypic personality dispositions, the fifth factor is interpreted as a broad dimension of Openness to Experience. On the other hand, in the ‘Big‐Five’ model of phenotypic personality‐trait descriptors, Factor V is best labeled as Intellect or Imagination, and Openness is viewed as a narrower and more specific attribute at a lower level in the hierarchy of lexicalized personality characteristics. As future investigators begin to differentiate more clearly between the two purposes of these models, their differential use of the two labels should serve to signal their scientific intents.

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Szarota, Piotr, Michael C. Ashton, and Kibeom Lee. "Taxonomy and structure of the Polish personality lexicon." European Journal of Personality 21, no. 6 (2007): 823–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.635.

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We identified 1839 person‐descriptive adjectives from a Polish dictionary, and 10 judges classified those adjectives into five descriptive categories. Two hundred ninety adjectives (16 per cent) were classified by most judges as ‘Dispositions’ (i.e. relatively stable personality traits and abilities). We examined the structure of those 290 adjectives in self‐ratings from 350 respondents. In the five‐factor solution, two dimensions closely resembled Big Five Conscientiousness and Agreeableness, and two others represented rotated variants of Extraversion and Emotional Stability. The fifth factor was dominated by Intellect, containing little Imagination and no Unconventionality content. A six‐factor solution closely resembled the cross‐language HEXACO structure (but with ‘Intellect’ rather than ‘Openness to Experience’). Analyses of 369 peer ratings revealed five‐ and six‐factor solutions nearly identical to those of self‐ratings. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Barford, Kate A., Kirill Fayn, Paul J. Silvia, and Luke D. Smillie. "Individual differences in conflicting stimulus evaluations: Openness/Intellect predicts mixed-valenced appraisals of visual art." Journal of Research in Personality 73 (April 2018): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2017.11.006.

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Wiernik, Brenton M., Stephan Dilchert, and Deniz S. Ones. "Creative Interests and Personality." Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie A&O 60, no. 2 (2016): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026/0932-4089/a000211.

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Abstract. The present study used intraindividual criterion profile analysis to investigate the relationship between creative artistic and investigative interests and the Big Five personality traits. In 19 samples, we found that artistic and investigative interests showed distinct intraindividual personality profile patterns. Investigative interests were associated with elevated openness to intellect, conscientiousness, and emotional stability and low extraversion and agreeableness, relative to individuals’ other traits. Artistic interests were associated with personal strengths for openness to experiences and personal weaknesses for conscientiousness, assertiveness, and emotional stability. Across creative interests, profile pattern, not absolute trait level, drove the relationship between personality traits and interests. These findings replicated across numerous personality inventories and levels of interest specificity (RIASEC, basic interests, occupation-specific interests). We discuss the implications of these results for the complementary use of personality and interest scales in vocational counseling and personnel selection.

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Aryo Triutama and Milda Yanuvianti. "Profil Kepribadian Gamers Esports DotA 2 di Kota Bandung." Jurnal Riset Psikologi 1, no. 1 (2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/jrp.v1i1.86.

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Abstract. Currently online games have become one of the branches of sports known as Esports. In the competition of Esports, DotA 2 became game the most profitablein terms of prizes. 2018 became the best year in DotA 2 Esports Indonesia, but the development of Esports Dota 2 in Indonesia has decreased in 2019. Despite having problems, the DotA 2 game is still popular in several internet cafes in the city of Bandung. According to Collins, Freeman, & Chamarro-Premuzic (2012) personality traits related to the behavior of playing online games. As the development of knowledge, personality traits can be measured through the concept of Big Five Personality Traits, according to Strus, Cieciuch, & Rowiński (2014) In big five personality traits there are 5 dimensions, namely Emotional Stability vs. Neurotism, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Openness / Intellect. In this study, the method used is descriptive with a purposive sampling technique of 34 Esports gamers in the city of Bandung. The purpose of this study was to determine the personality profile of Esports gamers in the city of Bandng. Researchers used the IPIP BFM-25 standard measuring instrument made by Akhtar & Azwar, (2018). The results of this study show the dimensions of Conscientiousness (82.4%), Agreeableness (88.2%), and Intellect (91.2%) became dominant in the score with a high category, and Emotional Stability (64.7%) become the dominant dimension in the low score category. Abstrak. Saat ini game online sudah menjadi salah satu cabang olahraga yang dikenal dengan Esports. Dalam kompetisi Esports, DotA 2 menjadi game yang paling profit dari segi hadiah. Tahun 2018 menjadi tahun terbaik di Esports DotA 2 Indonesia, namun perkembagan Esports Dota 2 di Indonesia mengalami penurunan pada tahun 2019. Meskipun memiliki permasalahan namun game DotA 2 masih menjadi populer di beberapa warnet di kota Bandung. Menurut Collins, Freeman, & Chamarro-Premuzic (2012) personality traits terkait dengan perilaku bermain game online. Seiring perkembangan ilmunya, personality traits dapat diukur melalui konsep Big Five Personality Traits, menurut Strus, Cieciuch, & Rowiński (2014) Dalam big five personality traits terdapat 5 dimensi, yaitu Emotional Stability vs Neurotism, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, dan openness / Intellect. Dalam penelitian ini, metode yang dipakai adalah deskriptif dengan teknik sampling purposive terhadap 34 gamers Esports di kota Bandung. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui profil kepribadian gamers Esports di kota Bandng. Peneliti menggunakan alat ukur baku IPIP BFM-25 yang dibuat oleh Akhtar & Azwar, (2018). Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan dimensi Conscientiousness (82,4%), Agreeableness (88,2%), dan Intellect (91,2%) menjadi dominan pada skor dengan kategori tinggi, dan Emotional Stability (64,7%) menjadi dimensi yang dominan pada kategori skor rendah.

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Ghorbani, Nima, P. J. Watson, Zhuo Chen, and Hanan Dover. "Varieties of openness in Tehran and Qom: psychological and religious parallels of faith and intellect-oriented Islamic religious reflection." Mental Health, Religion & Culture 16, no. 2 (2013): 123–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2011.647809.

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Bédard, Marc-André, and Yann Le Corff. "Intelligence and Personality." Journal of Individual Differences 41, no. 3 (2020): 124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000311.

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Abstract. This replication and extension of DeYoung, Quilty, Peterson, and Gray’s (2014) study aimed to assess the unique variance of each of the 10 aspects of the Big Five personality traits ( DeYoung, Quilty, & Peterson, 2007 ) associated with intelligence and its dimensions. Personality aspects and intelligence were assessed in a sample of French-Canadian adults from real-life assessment settings ( n = 213). Results showed that the Intellect aspect was independently associated with g, verbal, and nonverbal intelligence while its counterpart Openness was independently related to verbal intelligence only, thus replicating the results of the original study. Independent associations were also found between Withdrawal, Industriousness and Assertiveness aspects and verbal intelligence, as well as between Withdrawal and Politeness aspects and nonverbal intelligence. Possible explanations for these associations are discussed.

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Perugini, Marco, and Anna Paola Ercolani. "Validity of the Five Factor Personality Inventory (FFPI): An Investigation in Italy." European Journal of Psychological Assessment 14, no. 3 (1998): 234–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.14.3.234.

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The Big Five are nowadays the standard factors of personality dimensions. Several instruments have been proposed in the last few years for their measurement, either with adjectives or with items. A new state-of-the-art questionnaire to measure the Big Five is the Five-Factor Personality Inventory (FFPI), composed of 100 items. For this article, the questionnaire was validated in Italy with a sample of 249 subjects. Generalizibility, reliability, construct validity (convergent and discriminant), and predictive validity were investigated. Particular attention was devoted to the fifth factor, the most debated in current literature. Results fully supported the validity of FFPI and testify to its high-level psychometric properties. The fifth factor of the FFPI proved to be different from the standard definitions (Intellect or Openness to Experience), being better characterized as Autonomy.

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Miller, Zachary F., and Aline Godfroid. "EMOTIONS IN INCIDENTAL LANGUAGE LEARNING." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 42, no. 1 (2019): 115–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s027226311900041x.

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AbstractWe investigated how positive, negative, and neutral mood states influence aspects of second language acquisition, either directly or in interaction with certain personality characteristics (openness, intuition, emotional intelligence, foreign language anxiety, and impulsivity). After completing individual differences questionnaires, 120 participants were randomly assigned to either a Comparison group or one of three emotionally induced treatment groups. They were trained on a semiartificial language under incidental learning conditions. Immediate testing measured participants’ knowledge of the target syntactic forms, while source-attribution data gauged the nature (implicit, explicit, or a combination of both) of their knowledge. Contrary to some previous studies, knowledge gains were chiefly conscious-explicit. Participants exhibited substantial variability in how emotions impacted their learning, with self-reported stress management and premeditation resulting in higher learning in the Negative group. Overall, participants that claimed higher levels of intellect showed the best results.

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Asendorpf, Jens B., and Marcel A. G. Van Aken. "Validity of Big Five personality judgments in childhood: a 9 year longitudinal study." European Journal of Personality 17, no. 1 (2003): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.460.

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In a 9 year longitudinal study over childhood, the Big Five personality traits were assessed at ages 4–6 by teacher Q‐sorts, at age 10 by parental Q‐sorts, and at age 12 by parental and friend ratings on bipolar adjective scales. The Big Five Q‐sort indices were based on definitions proposed by John, Caspi, Robins, Moffitt, and Stouthamer‐Loeber (1994) for adolescent boys. They were related to judgments and behavioural observations of inhibition and aggressiveness, and to antecedents and consequences of school achievement such as IQ and cognitive self‐esteem. Neuroticism and low extraversion correlated with social inhibition, low agreeableness and low conscientiousness with aggressiveness, and conscientiousness and/or culture/intellect/openness with antecedents and outcomes of school achievement. These correlations were consistently found throughout childhood. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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De Raad, Boele. "An expedition in search of a fifth universal factor: Key issues in the lexical approach." European Journal of Personality 8, no. 4 (1994): 229–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2410080403.

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It is argued that the fifth factor of the Big Five Model of personality traits cannot yet claim universal status. In order to identify a fifth factor within the lexical approach it is necessary to make full use of the potentialities of the psycholexical principles. Several flaws in the lexical enterprise are discussed, both regarding the theoretical delineation of traits and the operational—dictionary‐related—identification of trait descriptors. Hitherto largely implicit definitions of traits should be made explicit, and agreement should be reached about the theoretical width of the trait domain. Also, in order to obtain cross‐culturally comparable results, the procedural steps in the lexical search for trait terms should follow an agreed‐upon standard. None of the nominated fifth factors, for instance, Culture, Intellect, or Openness to Experience, has both proceeded from the lexical method and received unquestionable cross‐cultural affirmation.

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Ashton, Michael C., Kibeom Lee, and Kathleen Boies. "One- Through Six-Component Solutions from Ratings on Familiar English Personality-Descriptive Adjectives." Journal of Individual Differences 36, no. 3 (2015): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000176.

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We report solutions for one through six components for self-ratings (N = 559) on 449 familiar English personality-descriptive adjectives (see Lee & Ashton, 2008 ). The first unrotated component mainly contrasted desirable with undesirable characteristics. The varimax-rotated two-component solution contained dimensions closely resembling the Social Self-Regulation and Dynamism constructs of Saucier et al. (2014) . The three-component solution contained dimensions closely resembling the Affiliation, Dynamism, and Order constructs of De Raad et al. (2014) . In the four-component solution, an Emotional Stability dimension emerged, absorbing some variance from dimensions of the three-component solution. The five-component solution added an Intellect/Imagination/Unconventionality (Openness) component, and thus resembled the classic Big Five structure (e.g., Goldberg, 1990 ). In the six-component solution, the variance of the Big Five Agreeableness and Emotional Stability components was reorganized, producing components corresponding to HEXACO Agreeableness and to rotated variants of HEXACO Emotionality and Honesty-Humility. Solutions based on peer ratings (N = 303) were generally similar to those based on self-ratings, but showed a much larger first unrotated component.

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Basu, Sudipto. "On the Ends of the Network as a Zone of Friction (And Extraction)." A Peer-Reviewed Journal About 9, no. 1 (2020): 8–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/aprja.v9i1.121486.

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   In a world-order where planetary computational networks have restructured nearly all spheres of existence, what is not already networked lies in wait merely as standing-reserve. Today, it seems as if the network and the world are naturally interoperable. Thinking through Harun Farocki’s work on operational images, I however locate a zone of friction or incommensurability between the network and the world. Revisiting Norbert Wiener’s anti-aircraft predictor – a founding episode in the history of cybernetics – I show how this gap was bridged by a logic of (en)closures that reduced the living human form and the world to narrow operational ends; banishing the openness and indeterminacy of both life and nature into undesirable contingency. However, cybernetics’ relentless expansion into a universal episteme and planetary infrastructure since the Cold war necessarily floods the network with contingency; which it wards off by feeding on a disavowed living labor. I argue that this living labor is an uneasy reconciliation of mechanism and vitalism, which we may call habits. Drawing on the Marxian notion of general intellect, I posit how habits are key to generating network surplus value, and to cybernetic expansionism. Habits shape, prepare the outside for its subsumption into the network. Yet they are not given the status of productive activity, and consequently disavowed and vaporized by networks. I propose that this living labor be given a specific name – interfacing – and, following Georges Bataille’s critique of political economy, speculate on the reasons for its disavowal. Drawing on Bataille’s idea of the general in ‘general economy’ (that which is opposed to utilitarian or operational ends) and Hito Steyerl’s How Not to Be Seen, I try to imagine what an interface contiguous with the general intellect might be.  

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De Raad, Boele, A. A. Jolijn Hendriks, and Willem K. B. Hofstee. "Towards a refined structure of personality traits." European Journal of Personality 6, no. 4 (1992): 301–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2410060405.

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In this article we pursue two goals. The first is a further articulation of the dimensionality of the Dutch trait domain. The second is a detailed mapping of the factorial trait structure, one which includes intelligible and proper niches for various nuances of the trait language and for different interpretations of the main factors of personality language. In realizing these goals, we discuss the reliance on theory in structuring and modelling the domain in question, the type of model to be used, and the comprehensiveness versus the economy of domain representation. The advantages and disadvantages of the simple structure model and the circumplex model are commented upon, and a new framework that integrates these two models is presented. The present results provide confirmation of the existence of five major dimensions that cover the trait domain: (I) Extraversion or Surgency, (II) Agreeableness, (III) Conscientiousness, (IV) Emotional Stability, and (V) Intellect or Openness to Experience. The newly developed representational model, revealing a refined structure of personality characteristics, not only clarifies some of the problems faced in interpreting the Big Five factors, but also forms a starting point for applications.

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Blake, Annabel, and Stephen Palmisano. "Divergent Thinking Influences the Perception of Ambiguous Visual Illusions." Perception 50, no. 5 (2021): 418–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03010066211000192.

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This study investigated the relationships between personality and creativity in the perception of two different ambiguous visual illusions. Previous research has suggested that Industriousness and Openness/Intellect (as measured by the Big Five Aspects Scale) are both associated with individual differences in perceptual switching rates for binocular rivalry stimuli. Here, we examined whether these relationships generalise to the Necker Cube and the Spinning Dancer illusions. In the experimental phase of this study, participants viewed these ambiguous figures under both static and dynamic, as well as free-view and fixation, conditions. As predicted, perceptual switching rates were higher: (a) for the static Necker Cube than the Spinning Dancer, and (b) in free-view compared with fixation conditions. In the second phase of the study, personality type and divergent thinking were measured using the Big Five Aspects Scale and the Alternate Uses Task, respectively. Higher creativity/divergent thinking (as measured by the Alternate Uses Task) was found to predict greater switching rates for the static Necker Cube (but not the Spinning Dancer) under both free-view and fixation conditions. These findings suggest that there are differences in the perceptual processing of creative individuals.

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Kuśnierz, Cezary, Aleksandra M. Rogowska, and Iuliia Pavlova. "Examining Gender Differences, Personality Traits, Academic Performance, and Motivation in Ukrainian and Polish Students of Physical Education: A Cross-Cultural Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 16 (2020): 5729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165729.

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Background: This study examined the relationship of academic performance with the Big Five traits of personality, academic motivation, and gender in a cross-cultural context. Methods: Participants in the study were 424 university students of physical education (PE) departments from Poland (53%) and Ukraine (47%). Undergraduates completed a brief version of the International Personality Item Pool (Mini-IPIP) to assess the Five-Factor model of personality, the Academic Motivations Scale (AMS), and grade point average (GPA). Results: Polish PE students scored higher in emotional stability and extroversion and had a higher GPA than Ukrainian PE undergraduates. Gender differences were found in both personality traits and academic motivation scales. Intrinsic motivation may predict academic performance. Conscientiousness and intellect emerged as mediators of the relationship between intrinsic motivation and academic performance and gender was found as a moderator in the relationship between conscientiousness and academic success. Conclusions: Women are more motivated regarding academic achievements than men. In addition to intrinsic motivation, the most important factors for academic grades are some personality traits, gender, and cultural differences. Openness and conscientiousness in men are mediators between intrinsic motivation and academic performance. The results of this study may be useful for PE academic teachers to improve the motivation of their students.

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Devenport, Scott P., and Adrian C. North. "Predicting musical taste: Relationships with personality aspects and political orientation." Psychology of Music 47, no. 6 (2019): 834–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0305735619864647.

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Based on their meta-analysis, Schäfer and Mehlhorn argue that the weak relationships identified indicate that personality is a poor predictor of musical taste. The present research challenged this by measuring personality aspects rather than the Big Five domains and also political orientation. A sample of 157 university students aged 17 to 55 years ( M = 24.60, SD = 7.63) completed measures of musical taste (Short Test of Musical Preference [STOMP-R]), personality (Big Five Aspects Scale [BFAS]), and political orientation (International Personality Item Pool [IPIP] Liberalism). Responses to the STOMP-R produced four factors, labeled Intense, Rhythmic, Established, and Mainstream music. Hierarchical multiple regression indicated that, in comparison to domains ( R2 range = .12–.23, p < .05), aspects of personality were better predictors of musical taste for three of four musical dimensions ( R2 range = .20–.28, p < .05). Both the aspect and domain models included political orientation. Conflicting correlational relationships within domains were responsible for weaker relationships at the domain level. Aspects of intellect, openness, assertiveness, compassion, politeness, and also political orientation were unique predictors of musical taste across the four dimensions. Personality aspects and political orientation were superior predictors of musical taste in comparison to personality domains. Future research should investigate these aspect-level relationships in more diverse samples.

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Sun, Peter, and Sudong Shang. "Personality traits and personal values of servant leaders." Leadership & Organization Development Journal 40, no. 2 (2019): 177–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lodj-11-2018-0406.

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Purpose Servant leaders focus on their direct reports to enable them to grow to be independent and autonomous leaders. The purpose of this paper is to understand the way personal values and personality traits collectively influence this other-centered behavior. This will go a long way to unravel this unique style of leadership. Design/methodology/approach The study surveys managers and their direct reports. Leaders rated their personality trait and personal values, while their direct reports rated the leader’s servant leadership behaviors. Age, educational level, conscientiousness, extraversion and neuroticism of leaders were used as controls. The study also checked for endogeneity threats. Findings Using a sample of 81 leaders and 279 of their direct reports, the study finds that the personal value of benevolent dependability relates negatively to servant leadership behaviors. In addition, the personality traits of agreeableness and openness/intellect moderate the relationship between benevolent dependability and servant leadership behaviors. Research limitations/implications The findings shed important insights into what motivates servant leaders to engage in other-directed behaviors, thereby enabling future research into individual characteristics that define servant leaders. Originality/value Although studies have examined how values and personality traits influence leadership behaviors, no research has examined both types of individual differences in a single study. Studies examining the individual differences of servant leaders are few, and this study answers the call by Liden et al. (2014) to examine individual characteristics that are both personality based (traits) and malleable (values).

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Baltaziuk, Iryna. "DEVELOPMENT OF CREATIVITY WITHIN THE CONDITIONS OF CONTEMPORARY ARTMARKET." Research and methodological works of the National Academy of Visual Arts and Architecture, no. 28 (December 15, 2019): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.33838/naoma.28.2019.83-89.

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Article is dedicated to the research of creativity within the conditions of contemporary Ukraine art market. Author have discovered factors, that improve development of current art practice in academic and non academic artistic education. The article explores contemporary education centers, that forms connection between emergency artists and established artmarket, topical Ukraine art, contemporary art galleries and education institutions. As important element of contemporary art, academic education forms process of it’s development in quality, innovative and actual aspects. Such factors as creativity, “unconventional thinking”, intuition, esthetic competence, self development, emotional intellect, idea thinking and project vision improve development of current art practice in academic and non academic artistic education.Contemporary art requires from artist to develop deep vision on period, time and actuality of current events. This means that artist should be active in artistic and social sphere. New art stands for culture as phenomenon.Development of project approach in contemporary art effect appearance of new communication — network communication, when occurs partners and sponsors support. In this context started to develop national and international grant programs, residencies, educational centers, art institutions forming path for emergency artists to contemporary art field.The most popular educational centers in Kyiv, Ukraine: Modern art research institute, Art Arsenal, Pinchuk Art Centre, Kyiv academy of media arts, Art Ukraine Gallery, Port creative hub, Shcherbenko art center etc. The main feature that combine well known educational centers with several years of practice, and those that just opened is openness to the public. No matter of education, social status, or belonging to art school, everyone can gain experience from professionals.

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Brand, Chris R. "Open to experience—closed to intelligence: Why the ‘Big Five’ are really the ‘Comprehensive Six’." European Journal of Personality 8, no. 4 (1994): 299–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2410080407.

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The quasi‐consensual ‘Big Five’ personality variables of the Five Factor Model (FFM) have typically been advanced and welcomed as dimensions that are purely orectic. By contrast, people's differences in general intelligence (g) are held to exist in some separate, noetic, cognitive ‘domain’. However, the exclusion of g from the realm of personality cannot be sustained either theoretically or empirically. The FFM's ‘fifth’ dimension (whether called Intellect (from lexical studies) or Openness (from questionnaire studies)) would be substantially correlated with g in the general population—across a normal population range of IQ and Mental Age. FFM fifth factors are thus loaded too highly by aesthetic, cultural, and theoretical interests, while qualities of tender‐mindedness, sympathy, and trust are displaced to load on the Agreeableness dimension. FFM Agreeableness thus becomes highly value‐loaded: it literally pits ‘love’, ‘empathy’, and ‘co‐operation’ against ‘aggression’, ‘autonomy’ and ‘competition’. No such simple contrast is viable. Social theorists as varied as Adam Smith, Freud, Adler, and Lorenz have all rejected the option. No fewer than six major, independent dimensions of personality require recognition. These ‘Comprehensive Six’ are (g), neuroticism/emotionality (n), energy/extraversion (e), conscientiousness/control (c), will/independence (w), and affection/pathemia (a). These are essentially the same as those recovered most often in the work of Cattell, so they furnish a six‐dimensional model (SDM) having a long track record of cross‐cultural validation. Several look interpretable in terms of basic Freudian concepts; and, in the terms of folk psychology, the SDM's ‘Comprehensive Six’ might be considered to reflect individual differences in the qualities of the mind (g), the heart (n), the soul (a), the spirit (e), the will (w), and the conscience (c).

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Aasen, Kristi. "»Helt kun i mand og kvinde«. Grundtvigs tanker om den fruktbare dobbelthet." Grundtvig-Studier 42, no. 1 (1991): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/grs.v42i1.16060.

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»Whole Only in Man and Woman«. Grundtvig’s thoughts about the fruitful doublenessBy Kirsti AasenGrundtvig lived in the Age of Enlightenment, a time worshipping reason, which he was strongly opposed to. His conviction after a long life was that real and true reason has its source in emotion. As against reason, thinking and the intellect, which Grundtvig calls male values, he sees sympathy, susceptibility, and compassion as female characteristics. It was because of her openness and susceptibility that the Virgin Mary could embrace Jesus and give birth to him. And by virtue of her sympathy Mary Magdalene was the first one to hear the news of the resurrection and to pass it on.The sensitivity of a woman rarely qualifies her as a communicator. At a time when the very idea was unthinkable, Grundtvig goes so far as to claim the necessity of female deans. On the whole, he encourages the woman to use her intellectual abilities, i.e., the male qualities, which are also part of her. But even more, he calls on the man to recognize the emotional and female part of himself. For .the Heart is always a Woman., he says in one of his hymns. Thus he manages to say that the basic human feature in both woman and man is emotion, residing in the heart.When Grundtvig emphasizes the female values so strongly, it is because he recognizes that they have been suppressed, not in order to disparage the male values. He is convinced that the male and female features together constitute what is truly human - a conviction he finds substantiated in the Bible (in Paul’s 1 Corinthians, 11,11-12).Hence, Grundtvig concludes that God must be both woman and man, and so is every human being, created in his image. And the relationship between Creator and creation is above all a relationship of the heart.The man-woman theme remains with Grundtvig through his whole life. But undoubtedly it is strengthened through impressions he received from East European culture. The indirect openness to the Greek is probably due to his interest in the Church Father, Irenaeus, who, in the struggle with the Gnostics, became a defender of natural human life. But more directly, we know that the Greek church service manual »Leiturgikón«, which Grundtvig borrowed from the Royal Library in January 1837, fascinated him so as to leave traces in his sermons and hymns. In an article (p. 225 in .Vision and Song - Poetry and Theology in Grundtvig., Gad 1989), Christian Thodberg points out how the Greek church makes more of the women in the New Testament than does the Western European church, something that deepens his preoccupation with the natural and the emotional. And Kaj Thaning claims (p. 214 in .Man First - Grundtvig’s Struggle with Himself., Gyldendal, Copenhagen 1963) that it was a woman whom Grundtvig met during his visit to England as early as 1830 who came to have a decisive importance in this context. Thaning maintains that it was this Greek-oriented woman who really opened Grundtvig’s eyes, enabling him to understand the doubleness in human life, so that a reconciliation became possible for him between spirit and heart, thought and emotion. As Grundtvig had to borrow a foreign culture and a woman’s eye to discover the fruitful doubleness in life - and hence its wholeness, so our contact with Eastern Europe today may open our eyes to a rediscovery of ideas which we have so long overlooked in our worship of reason and our materialism.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Intellect-openness'

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