Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Intellectual property assessment methodology'

Since the enactment of the Bayh-Dole Act in 1980, US universities have been given a tacit mandate to manage their intellectual assets in a commercializable way. However, university technology transfer offices have struggled to facilitate innovators and promote economic development because of asymmetric information and processes. After an analysis of premier university technology transfer offices (TTO), an improved methodology, which increases productivity of technology transfer, has been developed. The proposed methodology addresses many of the low level issues facing the commercialization and licensing process. Embedding TTO members with research institutes or colleges, assisting in funding procurement and marketing of research to external firms using innovative media are methods that can minimize technology transfer inefficiency. It is the conclusion of this thesis that improved technology transfer helps promote the overall mission of a university, which is diffusing knowledge for the public benefit.

This paper attempts to present and analyze problems that may arise from the use of Genetically Modified (GM) products and issues raised by the Intellectual Property (IP) rights that Genetic Engineering (GE) companies have on their products. Arguments in favor and against the existence of health risks and environmental risks of GM products are presented. The European policy of the socioeconomic effects of the GM products is discussed and is proposed the application of the precautionary principle for the prevention of unintended consequences from the GM products to other than health and environmental domains. The need of IP rights is supported, but is also suggested an IP rights flexibility. Do IP rights violate the rights of all people to a nourishing life, natural resources, the right to decide about what they eat and the right to live in a viable ecosystem? Finally, I provide an analysis of the effects on the farmers due to the IP rights on GM crop for cultivation and state dependency issues that may occur.

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The development of computer software is a complex and laborious task, further complicated by the fact that copyright legislation is vague, at best. If the software is being developed for commercial exploitation then speed to market is essential and, even then, there is little to prevent skilled competitors from copying or even cloning the model. During the course of the year 2000 a team of developers, c ompr t s tn g Phillip Munday, Chris Vietri and the writer, not only managed to develop and prototype a complex loan evaluation software model, but have carried it through to the initial stages of a phased implementation and are presently involved in negotiations to sell the intellectual property rights (IPR) to a firm which specialises in the marketing of software to the banking industry internationally. It is virtually impossible for a single person to develop a model of this nature as it requires a comprehensive skills asset, including broad-based financial knowledge, specialised banking skills as well as a sound knowledge of information systems architecture, not to mention software p rogramming skills. The implementation and subsequent sale of the model further required comprehensive project management skills as well as the human resources understanding required for the substantial change management involved. Each of these 3 parties brought not only their particular exp ert i se to the table, but also a holistic view of the final shap e and form of the model. As is the case with projects of this magnitude numerous difficulties were encountered. These were, however, all overcome, via a series of iterations, and the model was introduced to the business on schedule. The implementation itself was fraught with difficulty, but the combination of a phased approach, together with comprehensive training and support, has led to the acceptance of the model by business users. There remain some technical difficulties which require to be resolved, particularly the disappointing performance of the model over a wide area network and also its integration with existing systems, but the model itself has exceeded expectations. It is simple to use, allows for a comprehensive and focused loan assessment and offers the ability to perform sophisticated sensitivity analysis in a fraction of a second. The model is now in its final shape and has been formally named Version 1.0, yet a great deal of work remains. We, as a bank, are not ideally suited to become purveyors of software and need to expedite the transfer of the IPR to a neutral party, to avoid local banks who might wish to purchase it from viewing our involvement with suspicion. Once this has been done, and the final phase of implementation concluded in March 2001, we will be able to move on to the exciting task of creating derivatives of the model, aimed at meeting the needs of other elements of the industry.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die ontwikkeling van rekenaar-sagteware is 'n lang en intensiewe proses. Hierdie proses word voorts bemoeilik deur onvoldoende en ongetoetsde patentreg-wetgewing. Wanneer die doel van sagtewareontwikkeling winsbejag is, is leweringspoed na gebruikers van die uiterste belang aangesien menige mededinger die vermoë het om 'n model na te boots en te verbeter. Gedurende die afgelope jaar het 'n ontwikkelingspan bestaande uit Phillip Munday, Chris Vietri en die skrywer 'n werksmodel van 'n gesofistikeerde, krediet-evalueri ng sagteware modelontwikkel. Nie net is hierdie model deurgevoer tot 'n gefasseerde, interne implementering nie; dit is nou vêr genoeg ontwikkel om die intellektuele eiendomsreg te verkoop aan 'n groep wat toegespits is op die bemarking van bankgerigte sagteware op 'n wêreldwye basis. Dit is bykans onmoontlik vir een persoon om 'n soortgelyke model te ontwikkel weens die omvattende finansiëIe - en bankpraktyk kennis wat vereis word. Verdere vereistes is 'n deeglike kennis van sagteware argitektuur en programmering. Die implimentering en verkoop van die program vereis ook wye kundigheid op die gebiede van projekbestuur en vernuwingsbestuur weens die potensiële strukturele veranderinge in 'n nuwe gebruiker. Elkeen van die 3 partye het benewens sy eie kundigheid ook 'n oorsigtige bydrae gelewer tot die finale model. Soos met elke projek van hierdie omvang was daar groot struikelblokke. Die uitdagings is oorkom deur menige probeerslae en die model is betyds aan die besigheid bekendgestel. Die implimentering was moeiliker as verwag maar deur 'n gefasseerde proses en omvattende opleiding en ondersteuning is aanvaarding deur gebruikers verseker. Daar is enkele, onopgelosde tegniese probleme soos die swak werkverrigting oor 'n wye' area-netwerk en die moeilike integrasie met bestaande stelsels. Desnieteenstaande het die model die meeste verwagtinge oortref. Dit is maklik om te gebruik, dit verseker deeglike krediet-evaluering en dit skep die geleentheid om veelvuldige sensitiwiteitsanalises tegelykertyd te doen. Die modeI is nou in sy finale weergawe en is bekend as " Version 1.0 " maar dit vereis nog heelwat skaafwerk. As 'n bank is ons nie geskik om sagteware te voorsien nie en daarom moet die verkoop van die intellektuele eiendomsreg na 'n tussenparty bespoedig word. Dit sal verhoed dat ons bank se betrokkenheid met agterdog deur plaaslike banke bejeën word. Wanneer dit bewerkstellig is en die finale implimenteringsfase is voltooi teen Maart 2001, kan ons beweeg na die opwindende taak om afgeleide modelle te ontwikkel wat sal voldoen aan wyer sektor-behoeftes.

The use of indigenous knowledge (IK) and indigenous bio-resources by pharmaceutical and herbal industries has led to concerns about the need to protect IK in order to prevent biopiracy and the misappropriation of indigenous knowledge and resources. While some commentators believe that intellectual property rights (IPR) law can effectively protect IK, others are more sceptical. In order to contribute to the growing debate on this issue, this study uses the relatively new and as yet largely critically unanalysed Masakhane Pelargonium case to address the question of whether or not IPR law can be used to effectively protect IK. It is argued here that discussion about the protection of IK is a matter that must be located within broader discussions about North-South relations and the continued struggle for economic and political freedom by indigenous people and their states. The Masakhane case suggests that IPR law in its current form cannot provide sufficient protection of IK on its own. Incompatibilities between IPR law and IK necessitate that certain factors, most important of which are land, organised representation, and what are referred as 'confidence and network resources', be present in order for IPR law to be used with any degree of success. The study also reveals various factors that undermine the possibility of using IPR law to protect IK. In particular, the study highlights the way in which local political tensions can undermine the ability of communities to effectively use IPR law to protect their knowledge. The thesis concludes with several recommendations that will enable indigenous communities and their states to benefit more substantially from the commercialisation of their bio-resources and associated IK.

Higher education has experienced challenges defining and implementing copyright compliance. Confusion among faculty and staff appears to be common regarding copyright and fair use. The original copyright doctrine was drafted over 200 years ago, which predates practically all technological advances that have and will continue to occur. Change is slow and onerous with most legislation; there is not much possibility the small amendments made to the law will be able to keep pace with the continual technological evolution. Further, judges are citing precedents in court rulings of copyright disputes that were made using the best interpretation of the law, even though those earlier adjudicators had nothing concrete upon which to base decisions. The cycle of loose interpretations further exacerbates the copyright and fair use problem involving technology. Moreover, this concern has been magnified due to the digital nature of lesson delivery most learning institutions are adopting today. The rapid, widespread move toward online learning methods creates an entire set of copyright and fair use circumstances that extend beyond the traditional, face-to-face pedagogical issues. Invariably, schools will be left to attempt to decide what will be considered legal and safe, often by trial and error, until clearer, universally accepted guidelines can be created. A group consensus for best practice was achieved over three rounds of surveying with the help of a Delphi panel highly experienced in copyright laws. Opinions converged early during the process, where proper fair use assessment was one of the major themes appearing during the first round. Respondents also agreed future educators will undoubtedly continue to struggle with fully understanding the intricacies of fair use. An overall consensus reached for many questions was sufficient for answering the proposed research questions and drafting a list of recommendations for technological fair use. The outcome should add to the existing knowledge base, given the limited number of studies that have been conducted regarding the complexities of copyright topics in distance and online education. Recommendations for further investigations encourages researchers to continue where this effort ends to remain current and compliant with the ubiquitous changes in technologies.

Le droit des entreprises en difficulté est une branche du droit qui se place au carrefour de disciplines juridiques aussi différentes que difficilement compatibles entre elles. Régulièrement, l'ouverture d'une procédure collective touche des droits de propriété intellectuelle représentant une importante part de l'actif des entreprises quels que soient le secteur concerné et la propriété intellectuelle en cause. Cette période donne naissance à multiples conflits d'intérêts, les conceptions qui s'y opposent bien souvent antagonistes reflètent les difficultés liées au chevauchement entre les mécanismes propres aux droits de propriété intellectuelle et ceux du droit des procédures collectives. Le droit de la défaillance des entreprises se révèle « complexe » la recherche d'un équilibre n'est pas aisée, et se traduit par une « cohabitation difficile ». L'analyse des interactions entre le droit des entreprises en difficulté et les droit de propriété intellectuelle, a permis de démêler l'enchevêtrement issu des querelles de frontières entre ces deux droits<br>Bankruptcy proceedings law is a branch of law that combines different legal disciplines that as different as hardly compatible with each other. More often than not, the initiation of collective proceedings affects intellectual property rights which represent a significant part of the assets of companies whatever the sector and whatever the undertakings irrespective of the sector concerned and whatever the intellectual property in question. This period gives rise to multiple conflicts of interest insofar as the opposing views reflect the difficulties related to the overlap between the mechanisms that are specific to intellectual property rights and those that are specific to Bankruptcy proceedings law. Bankruptcy law turns out to be "complex" insofar finding out a balance is not easy and reflects in a "difficult cohabitation". The analysis of the interactions between bankruptcy law and intellectual property rights helped avoiding the entanglement that resulted from border disputes between these two legal disciplines

Дисертація присвячена розгляду теорії інформаційної економіки як концепції, яка вивчає вплив інформації на економічні процеси. Досліджуються зміст основних категорій цієї теорії, історія її становлення, її предмет, особливості інформаційного (постіндустріального) етапу розвитку суспільства, інтелектуальна власність, авторське право та виробництво інтелектуальної продукції, методологічні риси теорії інформаційної економіки. Суперечливість визначено як одну із ключових ознак цієї теорії, що проявляється у термінологічній, змістовній, теоретико-методологічній площині. У роботі розкрито підходи до визначення економічної інформації, її характеристики та класифікацію. Досліджено причини та наслідки властивого інформаційному виробництву явища зростаючої віддачі. Показано, що існуючий економічний аналіз інтелектуальної власності є нормативним та фрагментарним. Деякі суперечності інтелектуальної власності висвітлено на прикладі захисту інтелектуального продукту авторським правом. Дослідження проблем функціонування інформаційної економіки мають низку методологічних особливостей, що показані у роботі. Порушене питання про розгляд теорії інформаційної економіки як окремої парадигми економічної науки.<br>The thesis is devoted to the research of the theory of information economy as a concept that studies the influence of information on economic processes. The definitions of the key categories of the theory, its history, peculiarities of the information stage of social development, intellectual production, intellectual property, methodological features of the theory are studied. Inconsistency is defined as an instrumental feature of this theory which is revealed in terminological, substantive, theoretical, methodological spheres. The research paper justifies different approaches to defining information in economics, its characteristics, and classification. We consider the causes and consequences of increasing returns as a characteristic of intellectual production. We also show that the existing economic analysis of intellectual property is normative and fragmented. Some contradictions of intellectual property are demonstrated on the example of copyright. Research into functioning of information economy has a number of methodological features which are considered in the paper. The thesis raises the question of viewing the theory of information economy as a new paradigm in economics.<br>Диссертация посвящена рассмотрению теории информационной экономики как концепции, изучающей влияние информации на экономические процессы. Исследуются содержание основных категорий этой теории, история ее становления, ее предмет, особенности информационного (постиндустриального) этапа развития общества, интеллектуальная собственность, авторское право и производство интеллектуальной продукции, методологические черты теории информационной экономики. Противоречивость определена как одна из ключевых черт этой теории, проявляющаяся в терминологической, содержательной, теоретико-методологической плоскостях. В работе раскрыты подходы к определению экономической информации, ее характеристики, систематизированы основные способы классификации экономической информации. Исследовано присущее информационному производству явление возрастающей отдачи, при котором дополнительное привлечение производственных ресурсов приводит к более чем пропорциональному росту объема произведенной продукции. Некоторые противоречия интеллектуальной собственности освещены на примере защиты интеллектуального продукта авторским правом. Исследования проблем функционирования информационной экономики имеют ряд методологических особенностей, показанных в работе. Поднят вопрос о рассмотрении теории информационной экономики в качестве отдельной парадигмы экономической науки.

碩士<br>高雄師範大學<br>人力與知識管理研究所<br>98<br>As the Ministry of Education vigorously promote the policy of intellectual property (IP) protection on college campus, how to actively and effectively manage IP, generated from teaching and research, has become a critical issue. The Taiwan Intellectual Property Management System (TIPS), based on ISO9001: 2000, can be standardized to promote IP management in the university. Qualitative and quantitative research methods were used to analyze the status of university IP management in this study. The pre-checked questionnaires before implementing the TIPS were used to investigate the status and differences of university IP management. The questionnaire included items on "Basic Management Requirements of IP", "Management Responsibility", "Resource Management", "IP Acquisition, Protection, Maintenance and Use ", " Measurement, Evaluation, Analysis and Improvement" ; the statistical analysis included descriptive analysis, factor analysis, t-test and one-way ANOVA. Three universities, National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences (KUAS), Southern Taiwan University (STUT) and HungKuang University (HK), implemented the TIPS, were interviewed to explore the key success factors in the implementing procedure. The study intends to propose practical experience to other universities which want to implement the TIPS in the future. The results showed that IP management is basically structured on the campus of these three universities and the management has already constructed an advantageous environment for implementing TIPS. Among these universities, significant differences were found in types of university, the establishment of responsible unit of IP management, ISO implementation, incentive programs, and the number of faculty and students. These three universities recommended critical success factors for implementing TIPS on: top management commitment and support, the scope of IP setting in the beginning, staff coordination, follow-up audit and sustainable implementation

The master's work consists of 117 sheets, 127 bibliographic sources and 4 applications are used. Relevance of the research topic. The active turnover of the intangible results of human labor is an integral part of modern economic relations. The process of quality development of individual organizations, and the economy as a whole, is directly related to the continuous improvement of technical means and technologies. The purpose of the study is the development of measures to improve the management of intellectual property in the medical field by the example of FGBU "RNTS" VTO "them. Acad. G.A. Ilizarov ”of the Ministry of Health of Russia (hereinafter the Ilizarov Center; Center). To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set and solved: to study the concept and essence of intellectual property in economic and legal aspects; to analyze the financial and economic activities of the Center; develop measures to improve the management of intellectual property of the Center. The study made it possible to clarify the concept of “medical intellectual property”, to substantiate the new classification signs of intellectual property of a medical institution, to develop an algorithm for managing intellectual property in a medical institution. Significance. The author has developed measures for managing intellectual property in the provision of medical services, and also has proposed an organizational and methodological mechanism for the implementation of practical recommendations.<br>Магистерская работа состоит из 117 листов, использовано 127 библиографических источников и 4 приложения. Актуальность темы исследования. Активный оборот нематериальных результатов человеческого труда является неотъемлемой частью современных экономических отношений. Процесс качественного развития отдельно взятой организаций, и экономики в целом, напрямую связан с непрерывным совершенствованием технических средств и технологий. Цель исследования – разработка мер по совершенствованию управления объектами интеллектуальной собственности в медицинской сфере на примере ФГБУ «РНЦ «ВТО» им. акад. Г.А. Илизарова» Минздрава России (далее Центр им. Илизарова; Центр). Для достижения указанной цели были поставлены и решены следующие задачи: изучить понятие и сущность интеллектуальной собственности в экономическом и правовом аспектах; провести анализ финансово-хозяйственной деятельности Центра; разработать мероприятия по повышению эффективности управления интеллектуальной собственностью Центра. Проведенное исследование позволило уточнить понятия «объект медицинской интеллектуальной собственности», обосновать новые классификационные признаки интеллектуальной собственности медицинского учреждения, разработать алгоритм управления объектами интеллектуальной собственности в медицинском учреждении. Значимость. Автором разработаны мероприятия управления интеллектуальной собственностью при оказании медицинских услуг, а также предложен организационно-методический механизм реализации практических рекомендаций.

Die vorliegende Arbeit gliedert sich in zwei Teile. Der erste Teil widmet sich der Fragestellung inwiefern formelle Gruppeneigentumsrechte Herkunftsgemeinschaften vor unautorisierten Verwendungen ihrer traditionellen kulturellen Ausdrucksweisen (TKAs) schützen können. Kapitel 2 und 3 führen hierzu einen ökonomischen Vergleich fünf so genannter sui generis Rechte zum Schutz jener TKAs durch und leiten Politikempfehlungen ab. Zum einen bilden die Beiträge eine Rangfolge der Transaktionskosten, die bei Verhandlung über Verwendungen der TKAs entstehen können. Zum anderen vergleichen die Kapitel, ob die Schutzpräferenzen der Ursprungsgemeinschaft durch die Modelgesetze geschützt wären. Hierbei zeigt sich, dass ein Prinzipal-Agenten-Problem auftritt sollten staatliche Behörden über zu viel Verhandlungsmacht verfügen. In diesem Fall werden Bürokraten eher ihre eigenen Interessen als die der Eigentümer der TKAs durchsetzen. Letztendlich existiert zwischen beiden Effekten ein klarer Trade-Off: Je mehr ein Gesetz die Schutzinteressen der Ursprungsgemeinschaften schützt desto höher sind seine Transaktions- und somit sozialen Kosten. Der zweite Teil dieser Arbeit behandelt – auf Basis ökonomischer Laborexperimente – den Fragenkomplex wie Gruppenmitglieder öffentliche Güter im Kontext kulturellen Eigentums – so wie TKAs – bereitstellen. Der Fokus liegt hierbei auf dem Einfluss sozialer Identität auf das Ausmaß an positiver sowie negativer Reziprozität der Individuen als Determinanten der sozialen Wohlfahrt. Die bedingte Kooperation der Gruppenmitglieder sowie das gegenseitige Bestrafungsverhalten untereinander bilden hierfür Maße für positive und negative Reziprozität. Kapitel 4 zeigt, dass Individuen unter dem Einfluss sozialer Identität grundsätzlich divergierende Kooperationspräferenzen abhängig davon mit wem sie interagieren aufzeigen. Auf Basis eines Within-Subject-Designs und mehreren ein-Perioden Spielen in Strategiemethode, zeigt der Beitrag, dass Individuen in identitäts-homogenen Gruppen (In-Group) die Präferenz für eine höhere bedingte Kooperation und weniger Eigennutzorientierung als in einer heterogenen Gruppe (Out-Group) zeigen. Zusätzlich neigen Individuen in heterogenen Gruppen eher zu einem vollständigen Trittbrettfahrerverhalten. Somit könnten Politikinstitutionen, die den Zusammenhalt einer Gruppe betonen, die soziale Wohlfahrt steigern. Auf der Basis eines zehn-Perioden-Spiels zeigt Kapitel 5, dass hauptsächlich vergleichsweise höhere Erwartungen an die Kooperation der Mitglieder in einer In-Group als an die in einer Out-Group Wohlfahrtsgewinne in homogenen Gruppen im Zuge mehrperiodischer Interaktionen auslösen. Die bedingte Kooperation – hier die Erwiderung der eigenen Erwartungen an die Kooperation der Gruppenmitglieder durch eigene Beiträge – ist hingegen in In- und Out- Groups ähnlich. Insgesamt belegt dieser Beitrag somit, dass Erwartungen der Individuen der entscheidende Faktor für das Beitragsverhalten der Gruppenmitglieder unter sozialer Identität ist. Kapitel 6 analysiert inwiefern die Möglichkeit einer gegenseitigen Bestrafung die Kooperationsbereitschaft unter dem Einfluss sozialer Identität ändert. Hierzu verwendet der Beitrag ein-Perioden-Spiele in Strategiemethode sowohl mit als auch ohne Bestrafung. Es zeigt sich, dass die Antizipation einer Bestrafung in heterogenen Gruppen zur größten Anhebung der Kooperationsbereitschaft führt, was am deutlichsten durch das Verhalten der Free-Rider ausgelöst wird. Darüber hinaus hebt die Bestrafungsinstitution unterschiede in der Kooperationsbereitschaft zwischen homo- und heterogenen Gruppen auf, die sich typischer Weise zugunsten homogener Gruppen verlagert. Letztlich deuten die Ergebnisse darauf hin, dass im Vergleich zu einer Situation in der ausschließlich eine Bestrafungsinstitution vorliegt, eine zusätzliche Identitätszuschreibung die Wohlfahrt zusätzlich erhöht. Mit Fokus auf negativer Reziprozität untersucht Kapitel 7 die Frage inwiefern soziale Identität das Bestrafungsverhalten gegenüber Gruppenmitgliedern beeinflusst, die weniger zum öffentlichen Gut beitragen als der Bestrafende. Hier zeigt sich, dass Mitglieder identitäts-homogener Gruppen seltener und in geringerer Höhe bestrafen, als es in heterogenen Gruppen der Fall ist. Darüber hinaus ist das Bestrafungsverhalten in heterogenen Gruppen signifikant stärker durch Ärger-ähnliche Emotionen motiviert als in homogenen Gruppen. Insgesamt zeigt der zweite Teil dieser Dissertation, dass Identitätszuschreibungen sowohl positive als auch negative Reziprozität beeinflussen und somit die soziale Wohlfahrt bei der Bereitstellung öffentlicher Güter – auch im Kontext kulturellen Eigentums – beeinflussen. Diese Ergebnisse sind demzufolge für Verhaltensabschätzungen im Rahmen von Politikempfehlungen relevant, die sich auf Situation mit dem Charakter öffentlicher Güter beziehen.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)<br>The landscape of James A. Garfield’s Mentor, Ohio home (now preserved at James A. Garfield National Historic Site) contains multiple layers of historical meanings and values. The landscape as portrayed in political biographies, political cartoons, and other ephemera during Garfield’s 1880 presidential campaign reveals the existence of the dual cultural values of agrarian tradition and agricultural progress in the late nineteenth century. Although Garfield did not depend on farming exclusively for his livelihood, he, like many agriculturalists of this era participated in a process of mediation between these dual values. The function of the landscape of Garfield’s farm between 1876 and 1880 is a reflection of this process of mediation. After President Garfield’s assassination in 1881, his wife and children returned to their Mentor home. Between 1885 and c. 1905, Garfield’s widow Lucretia made numerous changes to the agricultural landscape, facilitating the evolution of the home from farm to country estate. Despite the rich history of this landscape, its cultural complexity and evolution over time makes it difficult to interpret for public audiences. Additionally, the landscape is currently interpreted exclusively through indoor museum exhibits and outdoor wayside panels, two formats with severe limitations. I propose the integration of deep mapping into interpretation at James A. Garfield National historic site in order to more effectively represent the multi-layered qualities of its historic landscape.