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Journal articles on the topic 'Intellectual property systems'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Rejas-Muslera, Ricardo, Elena Davara, Alain Abran, and Luigi Buglione. "Intellectual Property Systems in Software." International Journal of Cyber Warfare and Terrorism 3, no. 1 (January 2013): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcwt.2013010101.

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Support for research and development in information technology is considered today as critical by most governments in the industrially advanced countries. Traditionally the way of stimulating research has been to ensure to the investor the appropriability of the returns generated. Such appropriability is typically implemented by means of the Intellectual Property Rigths. Nevertheless the protection of such rights is heterogeneous worldwide. Today two different legal systems for the protection of software coexist: the system of patents and the system of author's copyrights. This paper explains these two main systems of ‘intellectual property’ to provide legal protection to a software, including the licenses to transfer rights on software. The end of the paper presents the most recent trends of the EU government to replace the current European software protection system, including a discussion onf the software patents and the legal initiatives on the subject. In addition, legal issues linked with new ways in software comercialization are presented.

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2

Seville, Catherine. "I. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 60, no. 4 (October 2011): 1039–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589311000480.

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Community activity in this field continues to be extensive. Intellectual property is seen as a key resource for the European Union (‘EU’), and crucial to its position in the global economy. The EU's manufacturing sector is much decreased in importance in comparison with the services sector. New information and communications technologies have transformed the economic environment. The Commission repeatedly emphasises the importance of intellectual property rights for innovation, employment, competition, and economic growth. Intellectual assets are regarded as central to success in the new ‘knowledge economy’. There are two main strands to the Commission's work with intellectual property. One is the harmonisation of the laws of Member States, in order to eliminate barriers to trade. The other is the creation of unitary systems to protect intellectual property rights throughout the Community on the basis of a single application for protection. The Commission also demonstrates particular concern regarding counterfeiting.

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3

Nelson, Richard R. "Intellectual Property Protection for Cumulative Systems Technology." Columbia Law Review 94, no. 8 (December 1994): 2674. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1123153.

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4

Montenegro, Claudia. "Promoting innovation through intellectual property protection systems." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management 3, no. 1/2 (2003): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijeim.2003.002224.

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5

Lacy, Jack, Schuyler Quackenbush, Amy Reibman, and James Snyder. "Intellectual property protection systems and digital watermarking." Optics Express 3, no. 12 (December 7, 1998): 478. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.3.000478.

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6

Omorov, R. O. "Intellectual property and artificial intelligence." E-Management 3, no. 1 (May 20, 2020): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/2658-3445-2020-1-43-49.

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Issues, arising in the field of intellectual property rights in connection with the development of artificial intelligence systems and their impact on the development of legal relations in the economy and culture of modern society, have been considered. Aspects of mutual policies in the field of intellectual property rights and the development of artificial intelligence systems for the development of innovation and creativity have been examined. Questions of copyright and ownership in the interaction of man, collective and artificial intelligence or artificial intelligence systems have been raised and proposed. Issues related to artificial intelligence as an object of intellectual property have been considered. The position of the author on the legal personality of artificial intelligence to intellectual property objects created by autonomous artificial intelligence systems has been presented, which is expressed in the answers to the questions of the project of the World Intellectual Property Organization to the wide discussion of interested parties, planned for 2020 at the headquarters of the World Intellectual Property Organization in Geneva. The main conceptual principle of the author on the issues of the planned discussion is to grant the right of copyright and ownership of intellectual property objects created by autonomous artificial intelligence to a dressed subject – a person or collective, a developer of artificial intelligence with fixation of the latter as a sub-subject or instrument of the subject. Traditional categories of intellectual property rights also have been considered, such as patentability and the inventive level of property in connection with the possible generation of these objects by artificial intelligence. Issues related to data, its generation, fabrications and legal relations regarding data have been considered. Harmonization of international intellectual property rights policies to alleviate the technological gap between countries in the context of artificial intelligence development has been examined.

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7

White, Michael. "World Intellectual Property Organization." Journal of Business & Finance Librarianship 8, no. 1 (February 2002): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j109v08n01_08.

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8

Bech, Soeren. "Nonchalant about intellectual property protection?" Infosecurity 4, no. 2 (March 2007): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1754-4548(07)70045-1.

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9

Allarakhia, Minna, and Anthony Wensley. "Innovation and intellectual property rights in systems biology." Nature Biotechnology 23, no. 12 (December 2005): 1485–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt1205-1485.

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10

Leisten, Susanna, Terry Flew, and Greg Hearn. "Alternative Intellectual Property Systems for the Digital Age." Media International Australia 114, no. 1 (February 2005): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0511400111.

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This paper investigates the current turbulent state of copyright in the digital age, and explores the viability of alternative compensation systems. The paper critically appraises the increased recourse to digital rights management (DRM) technologies, which are designed to restrict access to and usage of digital content. Considerable technical challenges associated with DRM systems have necessitated increasingly aggressive recourse to the law. A number of controversial aspects of copyright enforcement are discussed and contrasted with those arising from alternative levy-based compensation systems. This paper undertakes consideration of alternative models for managing the copyright bargain in the digital era.

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11

Lytvynchuk, Iryna L., Kateryna V. Molodetska, Oleh V. Skydan, and Lesia V. Zaburanna. "Public Model of Intellectual Property Management for AR4D-Systems (Agricultural Research for Development)." International Journal of Agricultural Extension 9, no. 4 (August 18, 2021): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/ijae.009.00.3719.

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The paper attempts to define the trends of the intellectual property (ІР) management in the framework of an agrarian economy. The object of the investigation are the controversies of intellectual property relations in the systems of agricultural research for development (AR4D-systems) that testify to the difficulties in ІР management. Taking into account a global trend of changing the correlation of private and public interests to the benefit of the latter in terms of managing intellectual property in AR4D-systems, the paper aims to develop a comprehensive model of intellectual property public management (that guarantees fair balance of interests) and to clarify how to evaluate the integral efficiency of such model. The theoretical basis of the study were existing analytical investigations of the intellectual property policies (conventional policy standard; open innovation policy; mixed policies of combining intellectual property rights regimes). The main obtained result of the study is a general concept of the comprehensive model of intellectual property public management for the AR4D systems based on 5 managing clusters. The integral efficiency monitoring of the proposed model was tested on the example of Ukraine with the help of the methods of multicriteria optimization of the vector criterion. The results show that the integral efficiency of the Ukrainian model is higher than average, but it can be increased by improving the tools of the information and communication support cluster and the cluster of organizational and technical assistance and capacity building such as the availability of the mobilization fund, the availability of the specialized electronic credit and investment platforms, the level of awareness of the users, the number of users of the system's electronic services. The practical value of the obtained results is their strategic impact on a sustainable development policy.

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12

Moore, Adam D. "Intellectual Property: Theory, Privilege, and Pragmatism." Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence 16, no. 2 (July 2003): 191–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0841820900003696.

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In the most general terms, this article focuses on the tension between competing justifications of intellectual property. Section I examines the nature and definition of economic pragmatism and argues that, while economic pragmatism comes in many flavors, each is either unstable or self-defeating. Section II advances the view that Anglo-American systems of intellectual property have both theoretical and pragmatic features. In Section III a sketch of a theory is offered--a theory that may limit applications of economic pragmatism and provide the foundation for copyright, patent, and trade secret institutions. To be justified--to warrant coercion on a worldwide scale--systems of intellectual property should be grounded in theory. Intellectual property rights are, in essence, no different than our rights to life, liberty, and tangible property. Intellectual property rights are neither pure social constructions nor bargains without foundations.

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13

Tripathi, Swapnil, and Chandni Ghatak. "Artificial Intelligence and Intellectual Property Law." Christ University Law Journal 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 83–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.12728/culj.12.5.

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Artificial intelligence systems have been gaining widespread momentum in today’s progressing tech-savvy world. With sophisticated technologies being incorporated in the same, it is only a matter of time these systems start to produce marvelous inventions without human intervention of any kind. This brings forth pertinent questions concerning Intellectual Property Rights, (IPR) for, it challenges not only traditional notions of concepts such as patents and copyrights, but also leads to the emergence of questions related to the regulation of such creations amidst others. This paper seeks to provide insight into the expanding scope of IPR laws and artificial intelligence, along with the inevitable challenges it brings from a worldwide lens on the matter. It also attempts to provide suggestions transcending IPR, and seeks to address questions concerning criminal liability for the content created by such technologies.

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14

Rutschman, Ana Santos. "Property and Intellectual Property in Vaccine Markets." Texas A&M Journal of Property Law 7, no. 1 (February 2021): 110–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/jpl.v7.i1.4.

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As biopharmaceutical forms of technology, vaccines constitute one of the most important tools for the promotion and maintenance of public health. Tolstoy famously wrote that “[h]appy families are all alike; every unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.” Vaccine markets offer perhaps one of the most extreme embodiments of Tolstoy’s principle in the field of biopharmaceutical innovation. Vaccines are often described as one of the most unprofitable types of biopharmaceutical goods, under-incentivized from a research and development (“R&D”) perspective, and routinely failing to attract sufficient investment from traditional funders in biopharma. In this sense, and despite the scientifically well-established value of vaccines from a public health perspective, vaccine markets are often portrayed as a collection of unhappy families. Yet, at least throughout the developed world, there are plenty of examples of steadily profitable vaccine markets, as is the case of recently developed vaccines targeting the human papilloma virus (“HPV”). This Essay begins by mapping the dualism in vaccine R&D and commercialization, describing both “happy” and “unhappy” markets. It then connects the development of new vaccines with the default legal regime to promote innovation in the biopharmaceutical arena: the patent system. In exploring possible solutions for transactional problems arising in connection with the development of vaccine technology, this Essay asks whether the rights covering vaccine technologies are best understood as property rights or as something else. This inquiry is of course but a fragment of a much larger interrogation of the nature and mechanics of intellectual property systems: are intellectual property rights—and rights arising out of the grant of patents in particular—more like property or akin to something else? Arguing that under the current noncommittal position of the Supreme Court there is room for understandings of patent rights that are not property-centric,6 this Essay concludes by exploring how less property-like protection—in the form of a liability regime for critical components of vaccine technology—can remove some of the most salient transactional obstacles to the development and commercialization of new and better vaccines.

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15

Logvynenko, M. I., and M. G. Shunko. "Comparative characteristics of intellectual property judges: Ukraine, United Kingdom, USA." Legal horizons, no. 23 (2020): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/legalhorizons.2020.i23.p107.

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The article deals with the comparative characterization of specialized courts for the protection of intellectual property rights in Ukraine and developed foreign countries, such as Great Britain and the USA. The article deals with the historical background of the creation of a specialized court on intellectual property in Ukraine, as well as the legal systems in the field of protection of intellectual property rights of Great Britain and the USA, the analysis and consideration of the current judicial systems – in the consideration of civil and criminal cases in the field of intellectual property. property, litigation of the patent authorities of England and Wales, types of specialized courts and their unique procedural features. The nuances and practice of law enforcement activities of judges in the United States, the types and levels of penalties in civil and criminal cases, as well as the divergence of lawsuits and pre-trial procedural arrangements are outlined. The article reveals the similarity of the UK and US legal systems with those currently in force in Ukraine in dealing with intellectual property cases. The identified deficiencies relate to territorial inaccessibility, instances of inconsistency, and imperfection of the judicial system, as well as the defects of the national intellectual property and legal frameworks in place in comparison with the United Kingdom and the United States of America in the field of intellectual property. After researching and analyzing the intellectual property rights protection systems of leading countries in the world, such as England and the United States of America, the conclusions were clearly drawn as to the advisability of setting up a specialized court on intellectual property in Ukraine and the risks involved.

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16

Vermeylen, Saskia, George Martin, and Roland Clift. "Intellectual Property Rights Systems and the Assemblage of Local Knowledge Systems." International Journal of Cultural Property 15, no. 2 (May 2008): 201–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0940739108080144.

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The mounting loss of the traditional knowledge of indigenous peoples presents environmental as well as ethical issues. Fundamental among these is the sustainability of indigenous societies and their ecosystems. Although the commercial expropriation of traditional knowledge grows, rooted in a global, corporate application of intellectual property rights (IPRs), the survival of indigenous societies becomes more problematic. One reason for this is an unresolved conflict between two perspectives. In the modernist view, traditional knowledge is a tool to use (or discard) for the development of indigenous society, and therefore it must be subordinated to Western science. Alternatively, in the postmodernist view, it is harmonious with nature, providing a new paradigm for human ecology, and must be preserved intact. We argue that this encumbering polarization can be allayed by shifting from a dualism of traditional and scientific knowledge to an assemblage of local knowledge, which is constituted by the interaction of both in a third space. We argue that IPR can be reconfigured to become the framework for creating such a third space.

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17

Jovanović, Slobodanka S., Sonja P. Veljović, and Jelena D. Cvijović. "Intellectual property protection for plants." Outlook on Agriculture 47, no. 2 (June 2018): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030727018763998.

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The production of raspberries is an important and highly valuable part of the agroindustry, which provides direct use of fruits and their application in the food processing and confectionery industry. Acceptance of plant intellectual property protection additionally influences the introduction of new development programs in this field and expansion of new products. Two approaches in plant intellectual property protection have been developed on a global level: the American approach that allows patentability for plants and the European approach that includes an exemption in relation to the patentability of plant varieties. In both cases, the protection of new varieties is regulated by a special system of variety protection. This article presents a comparison of those two plant variety protection systems and the comparison between Serbian and US raspberry production and innovation in this field, since these countries are among the five major producers of raspberries and raspberry products in the world; therefore, intellectual property protection of raspberry varieties is an especially important issue to them. The area harvested with raspberries in the United States is over 3000 ha smaller than in Serbia, but the production of this fruit is significantly higher. The continuous development of new varieties, primarily adapted to the growing conditions in US regions, has strongly increased the yield of this fruit.

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18

Eisenschitz, Tamara S. "Intellectual property: regulation of useable information." Aslib Proceedings 38, no. 8 (August 1986): 263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb051024.

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19

/Useb, Joram, and Roger Chennells. "Indigenous knowledge systems and protection of San intellectual property." Before Farming 2004, no. 2 (January 2004): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/bfarm.2004.2.2.

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20

Verspagen, Bart. "UNIVERSITY RESEARCH, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AND EUROPEAN INNOVATION SYSTEMS." Journal of Economic Surveys 20, no. 4 (September 2006): 607–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6419.2006.00261.x.

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21

Hamilton, Chris. "‘Biopiracy’ as a Challenge to Intellectual Property Rights Systems." Development 49, no. 4 (November 26, 2006): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.development.1100300.

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22

Hossain, Arif. "Basic Concept of Intellectual property Rights (IPRs)." Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 9, no. 1 (July 3, 2018): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bioethics.v9i1.37219.

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Intellectual property Rights (IPRs) is protected by different systems of laws. Journals must choose a definitive form of systems. Some Blackwell journals use copyright system and some Blackwell use license from authors. Now a days online journals are using creative common licenses. Under creative common license journals are open access, allowed to download, copy, distribute, and display derivative works with proper attribution to author or owner for noncommercial purpose at a free cost. Education on IPRs will support to comprehend ones rights, professional code of conduct and the doctrine of "fair use" in publication. One cannot do anything with once writing. Researchers, academic, editors and readers must have the basic knowledge on who owns the rights in a publication and what users can do with the publication by law.

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23

Blakeney, Michael, and Getachew Mengistie. "Intellectual property policy formulation in Africa." Queen Mary Journal of Intellectual Property 11, no. 1 (February 18, 2021): 98–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/qmjip.2021.01.06.

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This article examines continental, sub-regional and national initiatives in the formulation of intellectual property policy Africa. The article is divided into seven parts. The first looks at the relationship between IP and economic development. The second part examines the role of IP regional integration and trade. The third part looks at African regional trade agreements. Next, the article surveys the activities of sub-regional IP systems in Africa: the African Regional Intellectual Property Organization (ARIPO) and the Organisation Africaine de la Propriété (OAPI). The fifth part looks at the recent formation of the Pan African Intellectual Property Organization (PAIPO) and its relationship with ARIPO and OAPI. The sixth part gives a brief overview of the efforts made in designing national IP polices. The concluding section summarizes the IP policy-making process in Africa.

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24

Karanja, Wanjiku. "Legitimacy of Indigenous Intellectual Property Rights’ claims." Strathmore Law Review 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 165–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.52907/slr.v1i1.88.

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The notions of indigenous peoples, indigenous knowledge, and heritage and culture have acquired wide usage in international debates on sustainable development and intellectual property protection since the turn of the 20th century. This paper, through an examination of the concept of intellectual property and its intersection with culture and heritage, elucidates the nature and scope of indigenous intellectual property rights as represented by traditional knowledge, traditional cultural expressions and genetic resources. This paper, through a review of the interface between indigenous knowledge systems and the intellectual property law regime, illustrates the limitations of conventional intellectual property rights systems i.e.: copyright, patent, trade secrets and trademark in providing adequate recognition and protection for indigenous intellectual property rights. It also posits that the establishment of a sui generis system of protection offers a plausible solution to the inadequacy of the existing regimes of protection. This paper ultimately seeks to illustrate indigenous people’s legitimate rights to control, access and utilize in any way, including restricting others’ access to, knowledge or information that derives from their unique cultural histories, expressions, practices and contexts, towards the creation of a better society.

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Țîțu, Mihail Aurel, and Constantin Oprean. "Study Regarding Intellectual Property Quality in Industry." Management of Sustainable Development 8, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/msd-2017-0001.

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Abstract The purpose of this article is to highlight the current situation in the field of automotive stressing the importance of quality and innovation in order to create competitive advantage. The main conclusion of this study is that organizations in the field of automotive technology that have implemented quality systems and valorize the intangible assets resources recorded an obvious success.

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Trottier, Rosanne. "Intellectual Property for Mystics? Considerations on Protecting Traditional Wisdom Systems." International Journal of Cultural Property 17, no. 3 (August 2010): 519–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0940739110000251.

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AbstractEfforts to protect, if not revitalize, intangible cultural heritage in its traditional communities, cannot succeed without due attention to issues of ownership—cultural, environmental, intellectual, economic … “intellectual property” categories in a wisdom system such as that of the Baul of Bengal show that Traditional Knowledge, Customary Law and Traditional Cultural Expressions are inseparable “property,” and that “ownership” should be understood on traditional terms. Within such an integrated continuum, knowledge itself is not limited to it modern meaning.Is it possible to bring about a true and equitable dialogue between radically antagonistic intellectual property universes—the modern one driven by profit, and traditional ones rooted in complex systems of multiple values?The death of a wise old one is the loss of a whole library—L. S. Senghor

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Frances, Sari. "Protecting intellectual property from digital piracy." Information Services & Use 38, no. 1-2 (October 25, 2018): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/isu-180012.

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Flaherty, N. "Digging out the gold [intellectual property]." Electronics Systems and Software 4, no. 4 (August 1, 2006): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ess:20060408.

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Amram, Martha. "Magnetic intellectual property: accelerating revenues from innovation." Journal of Business Strategy 24, no. 3 (June 2003): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02756660310734974.

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Foasberg, ancy M. "Fair Use, Intellectual Property, and New Media." Journal of Electronic Resources Librarianship 24, no. 4 (October 2012): 318–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1941126x.2012.732840.

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Itanyi, Nkem. "Enforcing Intellectual Property Rights in Nigerian Courts." Law and Development Review 11, no. 2 (June 26, 2018): 627–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ldr-2018-0032.

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Abstract There is no point in making comprehensive provisions for the protection of various intellectual property rights without also providing a corresponding comprehensive system for enforcing the same when the rights are or about to be infringed. Therefore, an accessible, sufficient and adequate system/procedure is paramount in any worthwhile intellectual property system. Right holders must be granted means to enforce their rights just as is obtainable in other forms of tangible and intangible properties. To this end, all intellectual property systems need an effective judicial system that is empowered to deal with both civil wrongs and criminal offences while being presided over by adequate number of judges with the requisite experience in intellectual property law. This paper therefore examines: the raison-d’être for protecting intellectual property rights; the various enforcement mechanisms via the courts; sanctions and remedies for infringement of intellectual property rights amongst other incidental matters. The paper concludes with a call for the review of the sanctions for infringing intellectual property rights.

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Novoselova, L. A., and E. S. Grin. "Principles of State Registration of Intellectual Property and Means of Individualization." Lex Russica, no. 7 (July 31, 2019): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2019.152.7.009-019.

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Commercialization of results of intellectual activity and introduction of rights to intellectual property into civil law transactions have revealed serious legal problems, including those related to the existing system of state registration of intellectual property. However, the nature of such registration, its characteristics and the principles underlying it are not given sufficient attention in the juridical literature.State registration of results of intellectual activity and means of individualization has its own specificity. As a rule, the prevailing view in the academic literature is that registration of intellectual property rights should be subject to the rules that apply to state registration of rights to immovable property, which is not always justified. The article deals with the principles underlying the state registration of the objects mentioned above and reveals the features of such principles in the field of registration of intellectual property. The authors highlight the general and distinctive features of state registration of rights to immovable property and registration of results of intellectual activity. Examination of the features of the two registration systems reveals, inter alia, divergences in the implementation of the principles of unity, credibility, publicity, and disclosure. Also, the authors examine three basic principles of state registration of property rights: verification of legality of the grounds for registration, publicity and reliability of the register.The research has made it possible to conclude that, despite convergence of systems of registration of rights to immovable property and to the objects of intellectual rights, they represent separate legal institutions. This is due to both a different nature of immovable property and intellectual property objects, and to different implementation of registration actions.

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Bican, Peter M., Carsten C. Guderian, and Anne Ringbeck. "Managing knowledge in open innovation processes: an intellectual property perspective." Journal of Knowledge Management 21, no. 6 (October 9, 2017): 1384–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jkm-11-2016-0509.

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Purpose As firms turn their innovation activities toward collaborating with external partners, they face additional challenges in managing their knowledge. While different modes of intellectual property right regimes are applied in closed innovation systems, there seems to be tension between the concepts of “open innovation” and “intellectual property rights”. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how firms best manage knowledge via intellectual property rights in open innovation processes. Design/methodology/approach Following a mixed methods approach, the authors review relevant literature at the intersection of knowledge management, intellectual property rights, strategic management of intellectual property rights and the open innovation process. The authors identify success drivers through the lenses of – but not limited to – intellectual property rights and classify them in five distinct groups. Expending the view on open innovation beyond its modus operandi, the authors develop the Open Innovation Life Cycle, covering three stages and three levels of the open innovation process. The authors apply their findings to a case study in the pharmaceutical industry. Findings The authors provide four key contributions. First, existing literature yields inconclusive results concerning the enabling or disabling function of intellectual property rights in open innovation processes, but the majority of scholars detect an ambivalent relation. Second, they identify and classify success drivers of successful knowledge management via intellectual property rights in open innovation processes. Third, they advance literature on open innovation beyond its modus operandi to include three stages and three levels. Fourth, they test their findings to a case study and show how management leverages knowledge by properly using intellectual property rights in open innovation. Practical implications The findings support firms in managing knowledge via intellectual property rights in open innovation processes. Management should account for the peculiarities of open innovation preparation and open innovation termination to prevent unintentional knowledge drain. Originality/value This is one of the first studies to view open innovation as a process beyond its modus operandi by considering the preparations for and termination of open innovation activities. It also addresses the levels involved in managing knowledge via intellectual property rights in open innovation from individual (personal) to project and firm level.

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Fernandez, Dennis, and Mary Chow. "Feature — Intellectual Property Strategy in Bioinformatics and Biochips." Asia-Pacific Biotech News 07, no. 02 (January 20, 2003): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219030303000181.

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Intellectual property rights are essential in today's technology-driven age. A strong intellectual property protection strategy is crucial in the bioinformatics and biochips technology spaces as monetary and temporal resources are tremendous in finding a blockbuster drug or gene therapy, as well as in deploying advanced biosensor and other medical systems. Current problems and intellectual property practice in the genomic space are presented and analyzed. Various strategy and solutions are proposed to guide bioinformatic and biochip companies in forming an aggressive strategy to protect one's intellectual property and competitive positioning.

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35

Fauchart, Emmanuelle, and Eric von Hippel. "Norms-Based Intellectual Property Systems: The Case of French Chefs." Organization Science 19, no. 2 (April 2008): 187–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1070.0314.

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In this paper we propose that norms-based intellectual property (IP) systems exist today and are an important complement to or substitute for law-based IP systems. Norms-based IP systems, as we define them, operate entirely on the basis of implicit social norms that are held in common by members of a given community. Within that community, they offer functionality similar to contemporary law-based IP systems with respect to both the nature of rights protected and the effectiveness of the protection provided. We document the existence of a norms-based IP system among a sample of accomplished French chefs. These chefs consider recipes they develop to be a very valuable form of IP. At the same time, recipes are not a form of innovation that is effectively covered by law-based IP systems. Via grounded research, we identify three strong implicit social norms related to the protection of recipe IP. Via quantitative research, we find that accomplished chefs enforce these norms and apply them in ways that enhance their private economic returns from their recipe-related IP. In our discussion, we compare the attributes of norms-based and law-based IP systems, arguing that each has different advantages and drawbacks. We also point out that the existence of norms-based IP systems means that many information commons may prove to be criss-crossed by norms-based fences, with community access controlled by community IP owners.

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Branstetter, Lee. "Intellectual Property Rights, Innovation and Development: Is Asia Different?" Millennial Asia 8, no. 1 (April 2017): 5–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0976399616686860.

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For decades, economic policymakers in developing countries have resisted pressure to strengthen their intellectual property rights (IPR) systems. Many of them have pointed to the success of high-tech industries in Asia as confirmation of the view that keeping IPR systems weak at certain stages of economic development can function as an infant industry policy, stimulating the growth of technologically dynamic indigenous firms. This essay reviews recent econometric evidence on how changes in the IPR policy impact industrial development, and concludes that much of that evidence suggests that stronger IPR systems accelerate industrial development. The study then examines whether the lessons of Asia economic history really contradict that econometric evidence. The view presented here is that Asia is not really different. The current challenges faced by Asian firms in technologically dynamic industries suggest that long periods of industrial development under weak IPR systems can create problems that emerge in the longer run.

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Lawal Arowolo, Ayoyemi. "African Traditional Intellectual Property Rights, Customary Law, and Legal Pluralism." African Journal of Legal Studies 11, no. 4 (December 10, 2019): 299–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17087384-12340037.

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AbstractIndeed, intellectual property rights are not new to traditional African communities. Traditional legal systems of protection in Africa such as customary law protected the rights of members of these communities. These systems of protection are still used. There are also practices of monopoly from the past regarding the use of some products of creative works. This paper examines the various ways in which traditional intellectual properties have been protected over the years which are similar in some ways to modern intellectual property rights. Thus, proposing that the adoption of a pluralistic protection mechanism (legal pluralism) for traditional intellectual properties could resolve legal issues related to them in Africa.

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Nwauche, Enyinna S. "An Evaluation of the African Regional Intellectual Property Right Systems." Journal of World Intellectual Property 6, no. 1 (November 1, 2005): 101–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1796.2003.tb00195.x.

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van Zimmeren, Esther, Berthold Rutz, and Timo Minssen. "Intellectual property rights, standards and data exchange in systems biology." Biotechnology Journal 11, no. 12 (December 2016): 1477–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/biot.201600109.

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Durrani, Yaseer Arafat, and Teresa Riesgo. "High-Level Power Analysis for Intellectual Property-Based Digital Systems." Journal of Low Power Electronics 9, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 435–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jolpe.2013.1283.

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Durrani, Yaseer Arafat, and Teresa Riesgo Alcaide. "High-Level Power Analysis for Intellectual Property-Based Digital Systems." Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing 33, no. 4 (November 28, 2013): 1035–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00034-013-9692-2.

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Poesche, Jurgen, Taina Pihlajarinne, Anette Alén-Savikko, Timo Nyberg, and Ilkka Kauranen. "Decentralized Production: The Need for Social Norms-Based Intellectual Property?" International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management 16, no. 02 (April 2019): 1950021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219877019500214.

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The objective of this paper is to explore the need for and possible benefits of social norms-based intellectual property systems in the context of the renaissance of decentralized production. Innovative engineering in addition to powerful information and communications technology enables a renaissance of decentralized production. A central form of such is co-engaging production. This renaissance can already be observed in small-scale 3D printing, microbreweries, small-scale food production in rooftop greenhouses, and small-scale electricity generation with solar panels installed by users of electricity. Individuals engaging in decentralized production typically have limited resources, which may hinder them from applying registration for industrial property rights. Therefore, social norms-based intellectual property can, in some cases, be more cost efficient in the case of decentralized production. In the case of cross-border groups, social norms-based intellectual property can evolve regardless of territorially restricted national legal-based intellectual property rights. The advantages of social norms may override their disadvantages when no great economic interests are involved and the production and the need of protection are short-term by nature. The decentralized characteristic of social norms-based intellectual property brings in new people as creators of creations for which intellectual property protections exist. This can enhance creativity by broadening the cognitive and cultural diversity of the creations. Social norms-based and legal norms-based intellectual property systems are not mutually exclusive and can exist side-by-side.

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Gavrilyuk, A. V. "INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS." Intelligence. Innovations. Investment, no. 2 (2021): 20–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.25198/2077-7175-2021-2-20.

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Intellectual property is one of the key resources for the development of the digital economy. The results of the creative work of human intelligence contribute to the development of digital technologies, participate in the formation of an independent, global digital market, and provide significant income from the export of services in the field of intellectual property. The article reveals the essence of intellectual property and presents mechanisms for the dissemination of the results of intellectual activity. The relevance of the study lies in the growing role of intellectual property in the digital economy and in the need to timely understand the benefits of using digital technologies, assess the risks associated with the unfair use of intellectual property, transfer of science-intensive developments, the growth of cybercrime, and unauthorized access to personal data. The purpose of this study is to determine the possibilities of using digital technologies in the field of intellectual property management. The paper presents projects for the creation of information retrieval systems for registration and protection of intellectual property rights, notes software systems focused on platform solutions and the use of end-to-end technologies that allow automating operations related to the formal examination of applications for state registration of intellectual property objects. The necessity of developing transfer of the results of intellectual activity, which is a key element of the innovation process, facilitating the transfer of knowledge from the research environment to the real sector of the economy, has been substantiated. The specifics of licensing, which allows research organizations and innovative companies to transfer intellectual property to counterparties, using the capabilities of the market mechanism, are described. Based on the content analysis of the works of Russian and foreign scientists, the expediency of cooperation between academic organizations and manufacturing companies, which contributes to the activation of innovation and obtaining an increase in innovation, is noted. The advantages and disadvantages of using digital technologies in science and education, in exchange processes and commercial activities are determined. In conclusion, it is noted that managing the development of digital technologies requires adapting the regulatory legal framework of Russian and international legislation in the field of intellectual property to new types of relations arising in the formation of the digital economy.

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Akhmetov, T. R. "The development and testing of theoretical and methodological approaches to evaluating the impact of informatization in the catch-up economy." National Interests: Priorities and Security 16, no. 6 (June 16, 2020): 1050–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ni.16.6.1050.

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Subject. The article discusses the specifics of innovative subsystems within national catch-up economic systems, while AI technologies gain momentum. Objectives. The study evaluates mechanisms the State uses to provide aid to innovative subsystems in national catch-up systems. I determine characteristics of the general mechanism for supporting the transformation of intellectual property into intangible assets in national catch-up economic systems, and unveil distinctions of such systems. Methods. The study relies upon methods of logic, statistical analysis. Results. What distinguishes the development of innovative subsystems in national catch-up economic systems and local catch-up socio-economic systems is the focus of the national policy on high-tech export and generation of their own intellectual property to covert it into intangible assets that are usually concentrated by multinational companies of the country. Conclusions and Relevance. Being the main exporters of high-tech products, multinational companies with national economic subsystems and local catch-up socio-economic subsystems deal with the patent protection of their intellectual property worldwide. The open innovation method is a distinctive characteristic of such subsystems. It proves to be very effective in China, South Korea, Japan as large business and multinational companies rapidly evolve, using their own intellectual property and converting them into intangible assets through the AI technologies.

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Price, Steven C., and Bryan Z. Renk. "Plant Intellectual Property Transfer Mechanisms at US Universities." Industry and Higher Education 14, no. 1 (February 2000): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000000101294832.

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US colleges of agriculture and technology transfer offices have historically been in conflict over the management of plant varieties. In today's world, it is inefficient for agricultural colleges to have a system separate from a university's wider technology transfer system, since they both interact with inventors, handle intellectual property, market their products, negotiate licence agreements, and distribute royalties. The authors discuss a simple model that would allow these two currently competing systems to become integrated.

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Слезко and Vyacheslav Slezko. "Reduction of intellectual property items’ economic losses." Management of the Personnel and Intellectual Resources in Russia 2, no. 3 (July 1, 2013): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/557.

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In article it is spoken about the necessity related to creation of mechanism of optimal state funding for R&D. In this mechanism structure shall be included the systems of technical and economic audit of intellectual property objects. In accordance with part IV of the Russian Federation Civil code (art. 1225), it is possible to obtain the following two groups of intellectual property items as a result of R&D on the area of information technologies: the items of patent law and copyright law. It is possible to carry out the information technologies’ technical audit with application of COBIT [Control Objectives for Information and related Technology] and PCI DSS [Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard] standards. Economic audit during R&D in the area of information resources shall include the carrying out expert examinations on the costs of research and assessment of intellectual property items’ market value. All this shall lead to significant reduction of economic losses in the process of state financing related to research and development.

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Mills, T. "Standards, patents, and intellectual property [Standards]." IEEE Industry Applications Magazine 15, no. 2 (March 2009): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mias.2009.931825.

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Phukan, Sanjeev, and Gurpreet Dhillon. "Ethical and Intellectual Property Concerns in a Multicultural Global Economy." Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries 7, no. 1 (January 2002): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1681-4835.2002.tb00039.x.

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Gorian, Ella. "Singapore state strategy on development of intellectual property: normative-legal and institutional aspects." Административное и муниципальное право, no. 1 (January 2020): 10–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0595.2020.1.31490.

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The objects of this research is the relations emerging in implementation of state strategy on development of intellectual property in Singapore. The work expounds the significance of normative-legal and institutional elements of state mechanism of protection of intellectual rights in realization of the strategy, The author highlights the key aspects of implementation of the strategy on transforming Singapore into a hub of intellectual property in Asia that determine the coordinative role of the state in this process. Research is conducted on the Intellectual Property Hub Master Plan of 2013, forming the content of state strategy for development of intellectual property in Singapore. The Singapore’s Intellectual Property Hub Master Plan intends close cooperation and interaction between all institutional elements of national mechanism of protection of intellectual rights. The normative framework for implementation of this plan consists in the legislation, which employs international standards in the area of intellectual property. Singapore’s state development strategy is aimed at attaining the leading position in the region and the world by creating the system of alternative settlement of disputes, qualitative and quantitative strengthening of the pull of specialists in the sphere of intellectual property, involvement of private sector, connecting the state to international bases and systems, reexamination of tax breaks and preferences, as well as stimulation of scientific research and proliferation of the experience of strategic planning.

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Jayaraman, Krishnamani. "Dutch judicial entrepreneurship towards legitimizing intellectual property rights." Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law 27, no. 5 (October 2020): 684–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1023263x20954627.

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In its recent judgment in the Sisvel v. Xiaomi case, the Court of Appeal of the Hague has demonstrated how European national legal systems and judiciary therein strive to uphold legitimacy of the intellectual property system. Involving dimensions of both substantive patent law and competition law, the case emphasized proportionality etched in European Union law to determine the legitimate cohesive balance for stakeholder economic interests in the protection, enforcement and use of intellectual property rights. This case note documents the salient features of the judgment and further comments on striking legal concepts that marked the case.

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