Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Intellectual prose'

Cette etude traite de la variation dans les modes d'apprehension du travail d'ecriture et de reecriture a l'universite. Elle s'est d'abord attachee a clarifier les representations des etudiants a travers les discours qu'ils tiennent sur leur pratique scripturale dominante : la prise de notes (pdn). Cette analyse des discours a permis de mieux cerner en quoi la pdn peut constituer un objet de tension pour ses usagers, tension qui peut etre a la source de difficultes dans la pratique elle-meme. On s'est ensuite interessee aux pratiques de reecriture, elles-memes observables grace a des corpus recueillis. Les productions ecrites qui constituent ces corpus ont ete traitees dans un premier temps sous l'angle de l'alteration : quelles sont les diverses modifications (formelles et semantiques) operees par le scripteur par rapport au texte source ? l'analyse a porte sur des pratiques de groupes determines en fonction du niveau d'etude. Nous avons croise cette variable sociologique avec une variable linguistique, a savoir la nature de la source : est-ce la meme chose, de prendre des notes a partir d'un cours ou a partir de la lecture d'un document ? les variations sont-elles organisees selon le niveau d'etude ? le deuxieme temps de l'analyse des productions s'est axe sur les pratiques individuelles des scripteurs. Nous avons cherche a observer les liens eventuels entre le traitement du texte source par le scripteur et la gestion de la coherence textuelle : nous avons vu que le fait de rester tres pres du texte source (dans la forme et/ou dans le fond), ou au contraire, de s'en distancier a une incidence sur la construction de la coherence textuelle. Mettre a jour la variation dans les attitudes scripturales des etudiants a permis en derniere instance d'eclairer en quoi les caracteristiques des productions qui resultent de ces attitudes peuvent avoir une incidence determinante sur l'appropriation des savoirs, et partant sur la reussite ou l'echec a l'universite<br>This study deals with variations in modes of understanding in writing and rewriting at university. Firstly, we have attempted to clarify the representations of students through wath they say about their dominant writing practice, i. E. Note-taking (nt). This analysis demonstrates to what extent nt may be a source of tension for students, which in turn may be at the root of difficulties in writing practice itself. We examine the practice of rewriting as observed in a corpus of student writing production. The writings which made up this corpus are initially analysed in terms of alteration : what are the various (formal and semantic) modifications enacted by the writer in relation to the source text ? our analysis focuses on group practice according to the level (year) of study. This sociological variable is then combined with a linguistic variable, i. E. The nature of the source : is there any difference between taking notes during a class and taking notes while reading a text ? does the level of study have an influence on the variations observed ? the second stage of our analysis of the corpus highlights the practice of individual writers. We pay particular attention to the possible links between the way the writer deals with the source text and textual consistency : thus we observe that remaining very close to the source text (in form and/or in content) or, on the contrary, distancing oneself from the source text, will have an impact on the construction of textual consistency. By examining the variations in writing attitudes among students we have also been able to determine to what extent the characteristics of the writing resulting from these attitudes have a determining influence on the appropriation of knowledge, and therefore on success or failure at university

Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-04-26T19:47:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 miriancristinadossantos.pdf: 1163812 bytes, checksum: ec37c6222f8aa4b7e2b4d3ca8aead284 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-04-27T11:23:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 miriancristinadossantos.pdf: 1163812 bytes, checksum: ec37c6222f8aa4b7e2b4d3ca8aead284 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-27T11:23:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 miriancristinadossantos.pdf: 1163812 bytes, checksum: ec37c6222f8aa4b7e2b4d3ca8aead284 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-23<br>CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>O presente trabalho propõe discutir o papel da mulher negra enquanto intelectual engajada na luta pela transformação da sociedade brasileira, a partir de narrativas negrofemininas contemporâneas. Nessa investigação, ao longo da pesquisa, analiso as obras Mulher Mat(r)iz (2011) e Bará na trilha do vento (2015), de Miriam Alves; Becos da Memória (2006) e Olhos d’água (2014), de Conceição Evaristo; e Espelhos, Miradouros, Dialéticas da Percepção (2011) e O Tapete Voador (2016), de Cristiane Sobral. Para isso, o referencial teórico desta pesquisa compreende teorias sobre “o papel do intelectual” (SAID, 2005) e, mais especificamente, sobre a intelectual negra (hooks, 1995), bem como questões relativas às peculiaridades da literatura negrofeminina (FIGUEIREDO, 2009), às “políticas do cotidiano” (hooks, 1995), ao feminismo negro (CARNEIRO, 2003), entre outras, considerando também a fortuna crítica quanto às escritoras negro-brasileiras, em geral, e às escritoras supracitadas, em particular. Em seus livros, Miriam Alves, Conceição Evaristo e Cristiane Sobral abordam as principais demandas da mulher negra na contemporaneidade, dão visibilidade às culturas africanas e afro-brasileiras, denunciam a condição marginalizada e subalternizada do negro e fazem dessa literatura escrita por mulheres local de força, resistência, afirmação e denúncia. Sendo assim, mais do que analisar as peculiaridades da escrita feminina negra, esta pesquisa empreende uma discussão sobre o papel da escritora negra enquanto intelectual contemporânea. Intelectual que vem à esfera pública construir um espaço de intervenção na realidade social e, ainda mais, atuando para transformar as relações sociais e culturais assimétricas e iníquas que têm perpetuado divisões de gênero e étnico-raciais ao longo da história do Brasil.<br>The present work proposes to discuss the role of the black woman as an intellectual engaged in the struggle for the transformation of the Brazilian society, from contemporary black women narratives. In this investigation, I analyze the works Mulher Mat(r)iz (2011) and Bará na trilha do vento (2015), by Miriam Alves; Becos da Memória (2006) and Olhos d’agua (2014), by Conceição Evaristo; and Espelhos, Miradouros e Dialéticas da Percepção (2011) and O Tapete Voador (2016), by Cristiane Sobral. For this, the theoretical reference of this research includes theories about "the role of the intellectual" (SAID, 2005) and, more specifically, about the black intellectual (hooks, 1995), as well as questions related to the peculiarities of black woman literature (FIGUEIREDO, 2009), to "everyday politics" (hooks, 1995), to black feminism (CARNEIRO, 2003), among others, also considering the critical fortune about Brazilian black women writers in general and about the women writers mentioned above. In her books, Miriam Alves, Conceição Evaristo and Cristiane Sobral address the main demands of black women in contemporary times, give visibility to African and Afro-Brazilian cultures, denounce the marginalized and subalternized condition of the black and make this literature written by women a local of force, resistance, affirmation and denunciation. Thus, more than analyze the peculiarities of black female writing, this research proposes to undertake a discussion about the role of the black woman writer as a contemporary intellectual. Intellectual that comes to the public sphere to build a space of intervention in social reality and, even more, acting to transform the asymmetrical and wicked social and cultural relations that have perpetuated gender and ethnic-racial divisions throughout Brazilian history.

L'objectif de cette etude etait de determiner l'influence de la structure discursive de cours magistraux sur la prise de notes. Un modele structure en une hierarchie de quatre rangs, isoles selon des criteres syntaxiques, fonctionnels et intonatifs, a ete utilise. Il comprend des membres, des periodes, des episodes et le cours (rang superieur). Les cours magistraux et les notes ont ete analyses selon ce modele et une etude comparative effectuee. Plusieurs facteurs influencant la prise de notes sont apparus 1) les membres de repetition (reassertions) incitent a noter une information nonnotee ; par contre ils freinent la notation d'un point deja note, de membres de focalisations retrospectives qui repetent et de rappels (membres qui, par definition repetent), car il s'est avere que les etudiants ne renotent pratiquement jamais un point. 2) dans les membres appeles apartes de procedure, les definitions et traductions proposees sont peu notees. 3) les membres qui sont un commentaire sur le contenu du cours sont peu notes. 4) les membres de focalisation en debut de cours sont generalement bien notes. 5) la notation est souvent influencee par des signaux extralinguistiques et intonatifs : l'utilisation du tableau noir et la presence de pauses favorisent tous les deux la prise de notes ; le comportement sur le plan de la kinesique et les traits intonatifs peuvent soit la favoriser soit l'inhiber<br>The objective of this study was to determine the influence of the discourse structure of university lectures on note-taking. A model structured in a hierarchy of four ranks, isolated by syntactical, functional and intonational criteria, was used. The ranks are members, periods, episodes and lectures (the highest rank). The lectures and the notes were analysed following the model and a comparative study carried out. Several factors were found to influence note-taking: 1) repetition members stimulate students to take down points they have not already noted but check note-taking of points already in the notes; retrospective focussing members that repeat and recall members check note-taking, too, as students rarely note the same point twice. 2) in procedural aside members, the definitions and translations given are rarely taken down. 3) members which comment on the lecture content are not usually noted down. 4) prospective focussing members at the beginning of lectures are generally noted. 5) note-taking is often influenced by extralinguistic and intonational signals such as use of the blackboard and the presence of pauses, both of which

Le premier objectif de ce travail de thèse a été de proposer une analyse des modèles théoriques relatifs à l’étiologie du syndrome autistique, avec un focus spécifique sur la place des particularités sensorielles dans la pathologie autistique. Partant de cette étude théorique, nous avons posé l’hypothèse de l’existence d’un lien de causalité entre les dysfonctionnements sensoriels des sujets autistes, et les troubles de la relation et de la communication. Dans ce contexte, nous avons élaboré une approche de psychothérapie à médiation sensorielle, destinée à la prise en charge des troubles de la relation et de la communication chez des enfants autistes sévèrement déficitaires. Nous avons élaboré le cadre et la démarche de cette approche en conjuguant les fondements théoriques et pratiques de différents dispositifs de thérapie à médiation sensorielle existant à l’heure actuelle. Nous avons testé l’intérêt de notre approche dans le cadre d’une recherche appliquée, réalisée en collaboration avec l’IME Le Rosier Blanc (Saverne, 67, France). Nous vous présentons notre dispositif ainsi que les résultats obtenus, selon une double approche, quantitative et qualitative<br>The first objective was to offer a definite analysis of the theoretical models relating to the etiology of the autistic syndrom, with a very particular focus on the place of sensory features in the autistic pathology. On the basis of this theoretical study, we’ve made the hypothesis that a link could exist between sensory disorders and relation and communication disabilities in the autistic syndrome.Thus, we’ve conceptualized an approach of psychotherapy with sensory mediation, intended for the taking care of relation and communication disturbances from autistic children showing intellectual disabilities. We’ve developed the framework of this approach by combining the theoretical and practical foundations of several sensory mediated therapies. We’ve evaluated the interest of psychotherapy with sensory mediation, within the framework of an applied research program with the Medico-Educational Institute named “Le Rosier Blanc” (Saverne, 67, France). We present the devices of psychotherapy with sensory mediation, as well as the results (qualitative and quantitative)

Ce travail apporte un éclairage ciblé sur le rapport entre l’action et les écrits de Ouyang Xiu (1007-1072), lettré majeur des Song du Nord (960-1127) et fonctionnaire de première importance par le rôle qu’il occupa dans la consolidation des institutions de cette dynastie. Figure incontournable de l’histoire intellectuelle chinoise, Ouyang Xiu est abordé ici à travers une étude cas de la session 1057 du concours de « doctorat », dont il fut superviseur en chef au niveau métropolitain. À travers la contextualisation minutieuse de cette session, et plus largement la mise en perspective de ce que signifiait, pour les hommes des Song, la sélection des fonctionnaires impériaux par le système des examens, il s’agit d’exposer sous tous ses aspects l’implication réciproque des pratiques lettrées et des enjeux de pouvoir dans le XIe siècle chinois. En démythifiant la légende de 1057 et en redonnant à cette session sa part d’imprévisibilité, l’enquête permet d’en dégager la signification profonde : celle d’un événement tissé d’une pluralité de facteurs, mais dont la dimension exemplaire et la densité d’enjeux ont pu justifier a posteriori une narration rétrospective tendancieuse, indexant la pertinence des choix de Ouyang Xiu sur les accomplissements ultérieurs de ses lauréats. On prend ici le parti d’inverser cette perspective traditionnelle. Plutôt que de partir des conséquences de cet examen singulier, on en revient au moment de ses préparatifs et de son déroulement, afin de comprendre les raisons pour lesquels de tels choix se sont imposés à l’un de ses acteurs-clés<br>This work sheds light on the relation between action and the writings of Ouyang Xiu (1007-1072), one of the major literati of the Northern Song dynasty (960-1127), and a civil servant of great importance for the role he occupied in the consolidation of institutions of the dynasty. As a key figure in Chinese intellectual history, Ouyang Xiu is approached in the present study through a case study of jinshi examination supervised at the department level by Ouyang Xiu in 1057. Through the detailed contextualization of this session, and more broadly putting into perspective what the selection of officials by the system of examinations meant for the Song literati, we try to expose in all its aspects the reciprocal implication of literate practices and power in the XIth century in China.By demystifying the legend of 1057 and giving back to this session its share of unpredictability, this investigation allows us to identify its deep significance. The event was composed of a plurality of factors, but whose exemplary dimension and density of issues are usually considered to justify a posteriori a tendentious retrospective narrative, indexing the pertinence of Ouyang Xiu's choices on the subsequent achievements of the laureates. However, here we reverse this traditional perspective. Rather than starting from the consequences of this singular examination, we return to the time of its preparations and its development, in order to understand the reasons why such choices were made by one of the key decision makers, Ouyang Xiu<br>歐陽修作為北宋的重要文人和政治人物，對北宋的一系列以科舉為代表的政治制度的鞏固起到了不可低估的作用。本文試圖針對歐陽修的“從政”與“寫作”之間的關係進行再研究，從嘉佑二年進士科歐陽修任省試知貢舉出發，展開個案研究。通過對歷史背景的深入細緻的考證，尤其是對宋人如何理解科舉取士意義的梳理，來呈現中國十一世紀士人寫作與權力之間的互動。本文旨在整理嘉祐二年貢舉中一系列歷史的不可預見性，去除該事件的神話光環，從而重新解讀其深層的意義。以往對該事件的研究往往從該屆進士的成就出發，解讀嘉祐二年歐陽修選擇的正確性，本文旨在回到該事件的準備階段以及整個進行過程，從而理解作為重要的決策者之一歐陽修,他所作出的重大選擇背後的一系列原因。

L’évolution croissante de l’obésité n’épargne pas les adolescents présentant une déficience intellectuelle. Nos travaux reposent sur le principe d’une « recherche- action » avec pour but l’amélioration de la prise en charge des personnes en situation de handicap mental. Réalisées dans 5 instituts médico-éducatifs, notre première étude montre que plus de 40% des adolescents déficients intellectuels présentent un excès de masse grasse. Plus de 30% des adolescents rapportent un faible niveau d’activité physique et seule la moitié pratiquerait suffisamment d’activité physique pour lutter contre le développement de l’obésité. De plus, les adolescents les plus actifs présentent moins de risques de développer un excès de masse grasse. Leur faible niveau de condition physique observé est un facteur de risque élevé pour la santé. Pour ces jeunes présentant un handicap mental, cela constitue un « sur-handicap » qui peut accentuer la restriction de participation sociale et altérer la qualité de vie. Etre actif au quotidien permettrait de limiter les risques pour la santé, notamment de limiter le développement de l’obésité. De ce fait, un programme d’Activité Physique Adaptée a été proposé aux jeunes repérés en situation de sur-adiposité. Celui-ci a permis d’augmenter les temps de pratique d’activité physique et de stabiliser l’évolution du poids, tout en diminuant la masse grasse et le tour de taille. L’approche interdisciplinaire de cette recherche nous a permis de considérer l’évolution du concept de soi chez ce public spécifique et de constater qu’il n’était pas altéré par cette prise en charge visant le contrôle du poids<br>The growing evolution of obesity has not spared children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities. Ours studies based on "research-action", with the aim of improving care for people with mental disabilities. Conducted in 5 specialized schools, our first study shows that over 40% of adolescents with intellectual disabilities have an excess body fat. More than 30% of adolescents report a low physical activity level, and only half reaches enough physical activity to avoid an excess of body fat. Moreover, the most active adolescents are less likely to develop an excess body fat. Their low level of physical fitness is a high risk factor to health. For these adolescent with intellectual disabilities, this is an "extra-handicap" which may increase the restriction of social participation and impair quality of life. Being active daily would reduce the health risks, including limiting the obesity development. Thus, we proposed an Adapted Physical Activity program to over-fatness adolescents. This program has helped to increase level of physical activity and stabilize weight, while decreasing fat mass and waist circumference. The interdisciplinary approach of this research has allowed us to consider the evolution of self-concept and to note that it was not altered by this weight management program

INTRODUÇÃO: Os desequilíbrios genômicos constituem causa frequente de abortamento, anomalias congênitas (AC) e atraso de desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor (ADNPM). O aprimoramento de novas técnicas de diagnóstico citogenômico, como por exemplo, a MLPA (Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification) e a triagem ampla do DNA utilizando arrays, mostraram que a alteração no número normal de cópias genômicas (CNVs) influencia na patogenicidade dos fenótipos em diversas síndromes. OBJETIVOS: Com isso, os objetivos do presente estudo foram identificar CNVs em pacientes com MC e ADNPM utilizando a técnica de MLPA e, a partir dos resultados alterados, aplicar da técnica de array para a identificação de possíveis rearranjos complexos, além de associar as alterações moleculares encontradas com o fenótipo dos pacientes. MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo 416 pacientes com MC e ADNPM. As amostras de DNA foram analisadas utilizando a técnica de MLPA com kits comerciais para as principais síndromes de microdeleções (P064) e regiões subteloméricas (P036 e P070). Dois kits de MLPA específicos para as regiões 7q11.23 (P029) e 22q11.2 (P250) também foram utilizados para complementar a identificação de CNVs atípicas. Entre os casos que apresentavam alterações pela técnica de MLPA, 15 pacientes foram submetidos à técnica de array, utilizando três diferentes plataformas: Agilent SurePrint G3 Genoma Humano microarray 180 K, HumanCytoSNP-12 BeadChip, CytoScan(TM) HD array 6.0 Affymetrix®. RESULTADOS: A análise molecular pela técnica de MLPA possibilitou a detecção de microdeleções e/ou microduplicações em 97 pacientes sendo que: em 46 pacientes foi possível encontrar alterações utilizando apenas o kit P064 (microdeleções), em 34 pacientes utilizando apenas os kits P036 e P070 (regiões subteloméricas) e em quatro pacientes só foi possível identificar a alteração utilizando outro kit de MLPA (P250), específico para alterações genômicas em 22q11.2. Rearranjos complexos, envolvendo mais de três cromossomos, foram observados em 10 pacientes. DISCUSSÃO: A MLPA permitiu detectar CNVs em 97/416 pacientes (23,3%), sendo uma técnica ideal para ser aplicada em pacientes com sinais fenotípicos inespecíficos. Algumas alterações genômicas encontradas estão relacionadas também com alterações específicas, como a presença de malformação cardíaca ou convulsões. E em outros casos a alta variabilidade fenotípica pode ser associada a um conjunto de CNVs consideradas patogênicas. Além disso, a inclusão de outra técnica de triagem, com maior cobertura do genoma permitiu detectar rearranjos complexos antes não observados mesmo em síndromes bem descritas como as síndromes de midrodeleções 7q11.23 e 22q11.2. CONCLUSÃO: A MLPA com kits combinados, por possuir maior abrangência de regiões detectadas e menor custo, é uma ferramenta valiosa para ser utilizada como um teste de triagem diagnóstica<br>INTRODUCTION: Genomic imbalances are the most common cause of miscarriage, congenital anomalies (CA) and mental retardation (MR). With the improvement of new cytogenomics diagnostic techniques, such as the MLPA (Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification) and the array techniques, it have been shown that changes in the normal gene copy number influence the pathogenic variability of phenotypes in different syndromes. AIMS: The aims of the present study were to identify CNVs in patients with CM and RM using the MLPA technique and, from the abnormalities results, to apply the array methodology for the identification of complex rearrangements. Furthermore, the study aimed to associate the alterations found by molecular techniques with the phenotype of patients. METHODS: 416 patients with CM and RM participated in the study. The samples were analysed by MLPA technique with commercial kits for the main microdeletion syndromes (P064) and subtelomeric regions (P036 and P070). Two more MLPA kits for specific regions 7q11.23 (P029) and 22q11.2 (P250) were used to confirm the altered results and to complement some results with the identification of atypical abnormalities. From the patients who presented abnormalities by MLPA technique, 15 underwent by microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH-array) technique, using three different platform: Agilent SurePrint G3 Human Genome microarray 180 kb, HumanCytoSNP -12 BeadChip, CytoScan(TM) HD ® and Affymetrix 6.0. RESULTS: The molecular analysis by MLPA technique allowed the detection of microdeletions and/or microduplications in 97 patients. In 46 patients it was possible to find genomic alteration using only MLPA kit P064 and in 34 patients using only the subtelomeric kits P036 and P070. For four patients it was only possible to identify the genomic abnormalities using another specific MLPA kit (P250), involving the 22q11.2 region. Complex rearrangements involving more than three chromosomes were detected in 10 patients. DISCUSSION: The MLPA technique was capable of detecting CNVs in 97/416 (23,3%) of patients, being an ideal technique to be applied in patients with non-specific signs phenotypic. Some genomic alterations found are, also related to specific changes, such as the presence of cardiac malformation or convulsions. In other cases, the high phenotypic variability may be associated to certain group of pathogenic CNVs. Moreover, the inclusion of additional screening method, with greater coverage, allowed the detection of complex rearrangements not seen before even in syndromes as well described microdeletions syndromes on 7q11.23 and 22q11.2 regions. CONCLUSION: The MLPA technique can be a valuable tool used as a molecular screening test, because it has greater coverage and lower cost of detected regions

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-17T18:39:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4725.pdf: 4003213 bytes, checksum: c40eb861711bbe31a91e5b1600b14b63 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-09-21<br>Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos<br>Intellectual disability (ID) is manifest sign of more than 2,000 different clinical conditions and is present in 5% of the population. Because it is a heterogeneous group of clinical conditions, with different causal factors and simultaneously involved, about 50% of patients with ID have no defined etiology. Chromosomal microdeletions, situations in which there is loss of a fragment of up to 5Mb of the genome resulting in haploinsufficiency of one or multiple genes, are one of the possible causes of ID. The aim of this study was to standardize genetic testing with the technique of MLPA (Multiplex Ligation Probe Amplification) to investigate the presence of microdeletion syndromes in a sample of patients with idiopathic DI or with diagnosis not yet confirmed by molecular genetic testing. The MLPA kit used (SALSA® MLPA® P064-B2 MR1) detected, at the same time, 11 microdeletion syndromes: 1p36 deletion, Sotos, Miller-Dieker, 22q11.2 deletion, Saethre-Chotzen, Prader-Willi, Angelman, Williams, Alagille, Smith-Magenis and Canavan. We selected 57 patients with idiopathic ID and facial dysmorphias, with normal conventional karyotyping and normal brain imaging studies. The presence of microdeletion was identified in 4 patients (7%), 3 patients had Williams syndrome and 1 had 22q11.2 deletion. The results reinforce the usefulness of MLPA in the etiologic research of ID, helping in the clinical management and familial genetic counseling.<br>Deficiência intelectual (DI) é sinal manifesto de mais de 2.000 condições clínicas diferentes e está presente em 5% da população. Por se tratar de um grupo heterogêneo de condições clínicas, com fatores causais distintos e simultaneamente envolvidos, cerca de 50% dos pacientes com DI não têm sua etiologia definida. Entre as possíveis causas de DI estão as microdeleções cromossômicas, situações nas quais há perda de um fragmento de até 5Mb do genoma, implicando na haploinsuficiência de um ou múltiplos genes. O objetivo desse trabalho foi padronizar testes genéticos fundamentados na técnica de MLPA (Amplificação de Múltiplas Sondas dependentes de Ligação) para investigar a presença de síndromes de microdeleção em uma amostra de pacientes com DI idiopática ou com hipótese diagnóstica ainda não confirmada por teste genético molecular. O kit de MLPA utilizado (SALSA® MLPA® P064-B2 MR1) detectava, simultaneamente, 11 síndromes de microdeleção: deleção 1p36, Sotos, Miller-Dieker, deleção 22q11.2, Saethre- Chotzen, Prader-Willi, Angelman, Williams, Alagille, Smith-Magenis e Canavan. Foram selecionados clinicamente 57 pacientes com DI e dismorfias faciais, com cariótipo convencional e exame de imagem de encéfalo normais. A presença de microdeleção foi identificada em 4 pacientes (7%), tendo sido detectados 3 pacientes com síndrome de Williams e 1 com deleção 22q11.2. Os resultados reforçam a utilidade da técnica de MLPA na investigação etiológica da DI, ajudando no manejo clínico dos pacientes e no aconselhamento genético familiar.

Christopher Smart's prose journalism has been absurdly neglected in scholarship. Until very recently, Smart's journal The Midwife, or, the Old Woman's Magazine had rarely been granted any extensive research or scholarly exploration. Min Wild's 2008 publication, Christopher Smart and Satire: 'Mary Midnight' and the Midwife, was the first book to look at the journal in detail, while Smart's other journals, including the Student and Lilliputian, remain rarely read or studied in any depth. This thesis seeks to redress that neglect through a literary reading of the Midwife, and an historical contextualisation. The thesis investigates the work thematically and discusses some themes that have been neglected in scholarship on the Midwife. Where they overlap, or provide additional information, Smart's work in the Student, the Lilliputian, and the Universal Visiter are also considered. If possible I have suggested attributions for anonymous articles and correlated themes with Smart's better known works. In Chapter One, I have given an overview of the four journals with which Smart was associated as editor during the limited period of 1750-1753. I discuss the contributors and co-authors, as well as the publisher, John Newbery. In Chapter Two, I explore the influences on the creation of Mary Midnight, the purported editor of the Midwife, including her beginnings in the Student. Chapter Three discusses politics and gender in the Midwife, including the foreign politics within Richard Rolt's contributions. Chapter Four explores the Midwife's views on social issues of the time, and social justice. Overall, the thesis aims to open up the world of Mary Midnight and to understand the Midwife in relation to the culture in which it has a provenance.

碩士<br>國立成功大學<br>中國文學系碩博士班<br>100<br>This study explored the works of four contemporary Taiwanese female writers, Hsiao-Hung Chang, Yu-Fen Ko, Hwei-Ching Chang, and Wen-Jiuan Wang, to show how they have gone beyond the lyric tradition of prose writing. The works of these writers focus on a metropolitan perspective, with a scholarly quality that has an international vision and academic way of thinking and training. Their keen observations enable them to turn seemingly ordinary people in modern urban life into interesting subjects. Thinking profoundly, they express their concern over various aspects of city life and draw out the social implications of seemingly ordinary city landscapes. To understand how these writers represent the various spaces of a house, this study examines each room in turn. After a thorough exploration of the house, the external spaces of the city are also examined to understand the relationships among people, houses and the city. Looking at various objects indoors or outdoors, from inside to outside, from small to large ones presents a micro view of the small items in a house and a macro view of big ones in a city, and suggests that a small space in a city is equivalent to my big room. In sum, the works examined in this paper are more of a microfilm of society evolved from the particulars of people to the universals of community, representing the isolation and alienation of city-dwellers in modern civilization, an issue that deserves research and discussion in the context of today’s social culture.

「古文」作爲傳統中國士人日常表達和學術著作的主要文體，在思想世界與知識世界中具有重要的地位。然而，除了在文學史研究中討論「知識」對「文章」的重要性，我們似乎很少反過來設問，「文章」對「知識」有何作用？作爲「學問」載體的古文，是否真正介入了這些學術性知識的傳承與變革？基於這一思路，本文希望將對「古文」的研究，置於一更大的社會文化脈絡之中，探討「文章」如何塑造了讀書人的知識視野和學問秩序。<br>文章與知識之間的張力，在古代文學史及思想史上一直存在；然在清代，由於儒家知識主義之興起，此一張力獲得了更爲自覺和充分的展開。本文認爲，從晚明到清初，中國士人的知識視野經歷了一次擴張，而明中期以降博覽求古的「文章」趣味，正是其重要的動力。入清之後，「文」「學」之緊張日益顯現。康熙十七年詔徵博學鴻儒，還是以「詞章」評判「博學」；至乾隆間開經學特科，所重便是「根柢經史」的專門學問；由「博」而「精」，「文」「學」相離。不過，在以「文章」訓練為主的書院教育中，對「古學」的提倡往往還需要借助「古文」之力；同時清人以「著書明道」為理想，考經證史的成績、自身的學術趣味與知識修養，都需要選擇恰當的「著述」體裁以表達之。在編次文集乃至註釋經書之時，不少學者都對其「著作」的方式作出精心的安排，以求體現其學問之系統。「文」與「學」的互動，實又通過另一種形式表現出來。此外，「著書明道」，還可以看作一個以「私言」發明「公道」的實踐，故而「著作」不僅是對公共「知識」的傳遞，更是對個人「性情」的表達。在清中期，「文」與「學」的張力進一步推演出性情與知識關係的重整。「文」「學」離合之間，清代讀書人知識世界的遷變，正有跡可循。<br>The concept of ‘wenxue’(文學) in Chinese intellectual tradition philologically consists of two basic elements: belle-lettres (文wen) and learning (學xue). Thus when talking about ‘wenxue’ we are referring to not only a heritage of literature, but also a genealogy of knowledge. This dissertation aims to shed light upon the socio-cultural and epistemic aspects of classical prose(古文 guwen), which is a main genre of classical literature as well as the prevailing form of both practical and scholarly writing in late imperial China. Questions raised in my research include: How were different categories of knowledge ordered and systematized? In what way did the literary taste of intellectuals delimit and displace their epistemological boundaries? And how was the world of knowledge embodied through the compiling of literary anthologies and the writing of scholarly works?<br>China’s long eighteenth century (1644-1799) witnessed an adequate and self-conscious unfoldment of the perennial tension of literature and knowledge in the shadow of the Confucian intellectualism. The Ming literati’s interests for archaic literature and ancient texts, which lead to a trend of vast learning, herald the expansion of knowledge in late Ming and early Qing. In the 1679 ‘Boxue Hongru’ Examination, literary excellence was still regarded as a crucial criterion for the selection of ‘erudite scholars’. The rise of evidential study, however, intensified the tension between literary talent and scholarly learning. Men of letters were criticized for having no knowledge of the real way of learning, although they had copious knowledge of classical literature. The curiosity for erudition and was regulated, if not replaced by the pursuit of philological study on the Confucian classics. In spite of such idealistic divergence of ‘literati’ and ‘scholar’, literary writing played a significant role in the propagation and expression of scholarship. On one hand, study on Confucian classics and ancient history was advocated in local academies(shuyuan 書院) through the training of prose writing. On the other hand, scholars had to be very concerned about choosing the appropriate genre or the most refined textual form to lucubrate their academic work. Furthermore, debates on the proper form of academic writing made special contribution to the revival of subjectivism in the realm of academic studies. From my perspective, the interaction of ‘wen’ and ‘xue’ played a decisive role in shaping the trajectory of both literary and academic history of late imperial China.<br>Detailed summary in vernacular field only.<br>Detailed summary in vernacular field only.<br>胡琦.<br>Parallel title from added title page.<br>Thesis (Ph.D.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2015.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 540-551).<br>Abstracts also in Chinese.<br>Hu Qi.

碩士<br>國立臺北大學<br>會計學系<br>91<br>The mean of market value/book value for American listed corporations is increased from 0.82 to 1.692. It reveals that the difference between the value shown in company’s balance sheet and the value evaluated by investors is getting more. The difference is intellectual capital. Therefore the development of knowledge economy has become a current driving force to make enterprise regrow. In facing with the rapid international monetary market transition, the channel of gathering money varies and the enterprise with more channels gathers money more easily. And more enterprises, not having enough tangible collateral, use intellectual property as their major estate owing to the transformation of industries. It is hard to evaluate the value of intellectual property by the people outside this field and it involves time duration factor, conventional estate evaluation criteria is not applicable, not like tangible property which can be easily evaluated and quantified. Therefore it is necessary to establish an evaluation system and method acceptable by bank and enterprise to let enterprise use intellectual property to get money, increase more money-gathering pathes, develop monetary market and facilitate debit more multiplex. Law of Intellectual property has been reviewed. The amendment and law-making results not only have significant effect on industry running, but also affect the success of the upgrade for industry. In the case of clear protection of Intellectual property , the subject will be the creation and application of Intellectual property. The problem with gathering money by using Intellectual property as collateral is how to evaluate the value of Intellectual property. From both theory and practice standpoints, Intellectual property evaluation is very subjective. How to establish an optimistic evaluation system and method acceptable by bank to use Intellectual property as collateral and how to establish a fair and optimistic scheme are worth further investigating. It is the object of the research to investigate the factors affecting Intellectual property evaluation and provide the recommendation of establishing an Intellectual property financial valuation scheme. This study is based on the bank and the enterprise owned Intellectual property, using roll investigating and visiting method. Analyze the results from bank manager and financial department people and study Intellectual property financial evaluating factors being acceptable by both bank and enterprise. It is expected that the viewpoints of bank and enterprise could be considered when the financial policy of intellectual property is pushed by government. It reveals that the factors affecting financial of Intellectual property, based on the weight of importance , are listed as follows: the present and future economy effect of Intellectual property , whether Intellectual property is independent of the use of other contracts, the establishment of Intellectual property system and the type, shelf life of Intellectual property set by loanee, third party warrant and the product , service and business process (such as program, marketing strategy etc) created. Finally, banker must recognize the owner of Intellectual property and registration condition, if they can not certify all of the above, the value of Intellectual property equals zero to banker. To summarize the study and associated references financial of Intellectual property can be evaluated by five aspects: company management strategy, inside control; technology patent etc; marketing; the present and future economy effect of Intellectual property. Among them cost approach preferred, market approach is most preferred, income approach is particularly preferred. In principle all these three approaches can be employed and can be reference each other. In addition, bank may only accept to use patent as collateral due to the risk of financial occupation.

This study is, by its intention at any rate, an attempt at assembling the scattered fragments of Can Themba’s life to make a composite being out of the various existing phenomena that shaped the contours of his life in both literary and literal senses. Given the disjunctive manner in which Can Themba and his work have been represented thus far, a combination of Historical and Biographical research methods will underpin the approach of this study. The resultant approach is the Historical-Biographical method of research. According to Guerin et al (2005, 22) the Historical-Biographical approach “sees the work chiefly, if not exclusively, as the reflection of author’s life and times or the life and times of the characters in the work.” This research is premised on the conviction that an individual is a constellation of multiple factors that play a pivotal role in the construction of their persona. These factors will be traced from his family background, early schooling, tertiary education, socio-economic conditions as well as his contribution to various newspapers and journals. While so much has been written about Themba and his work, there is no comprehensive biography of Can Themba as a person. Most importantly, the factors that contributed to his making as well as his breaking, or destruction, have not been interrogated in a form of comprehensive academic research. Rightly or wrongly, Themba’s meteoric rise into the South African literary canon is often traced from the moment he won the inaugural Drum Magazine short story competition. Themba became one of the most popular journalists and rose within the ranks of Drum to become the Assistant Editor. However, my research demonstrates that winning the Drum short story competition was the culmination of a literary talent that was developed and had been simmering for a number of years. Themba studied at the University of Fort Hare between 1945 and 1951 alongside the likes of Dennis Brutus, Ntsu Mokhehle, Robert Mangaliso Sobukwe, Mangosuthu Buthelezi, and many other prominent individuals. He was a regular contributor to The Fortharian, a university publication that published opinion pieces, poems and short stories. This is a vital component of Themba’s intellectual growth and it remains the least explored aspect of his life. As a result, what has been discursively documented by various scholars, writers and journalists, thus far, is a very parochial representation of Can Themba’s oeuvre.<br>English Studies<br>D. Litt. et Phil. (English Literature)