Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Intelligence artificielle – Aspect social'
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Adnane, Sabine. "Vivant et artificiel : comment innover pour faire face à la recréation de la condition humaine par les nouvelles technologies : comment l'artiste sollicite ce nouvel objet d'art qu'est la vie ?" Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H325.
Full textIf technology compensates for a lack of being, what is man's responsibility within the evolution of his condition? The intertwining of human capabilities with machines transgresses traditional boundaries, and brings to light many ethical questions. Artificial intelligence and biotechnological transformation completely redefine the ontology of life. What role does the artist play in the recreation of the human condition? What is the status of autonomous living beings turned into works of art? Is Art ready to engage in broader social, cultural, and biopolitical issues, not only with the creation of new objects, but also with new subjects such as living matter? We will see how artists are seizing new technologies to question them, in order to explore all the phenomenological and physiological realities to which they give them access. The perfectibility of the body as a technical or microbiological embodiment is envisaged. The body is exposed, at the risk of losing its status as a protected species. For the practical part of this thesis, we will use a device to give voice to living organisms and show their ability to manifest intentionality. We will thus expose the concept of a natural intelligence beyond the limited vision of current objective science. The prospect of the end of human exceptionality in its arrogance and predation is considered
Vayre, Jean-Sébastien. "Des machines à produire des futurs économiques : sociologie des intelligences artificielles marchandes à l'ère du big data." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU20107/document.
Full textThe majority of experts agree to say that the big data is a rupture. Maybe are they right. But this rupture is not really material, nor even organizational. It has already been a long time that the big web actors daily exploring and exploiting the big data. If revolution there is, it is happening elsewhere, at the periphery of the great disruption that depict most of big data promoters. To being aware of, simply ask the following question: pointing the revolutionary nature of big data and devices are provided to treat, what these actors are they doing? They are preparing a massive integration of artificial intelligences within the various spheres of society. If there is a rupture, it is therefore rather here: in this movement that we know today and which consists, for a great diversity of socioeconomic actors, to appropriate of the calculation agents that are increasingly autonomous and powerful. So in order to better understand the issues of this democratization, we propose in this thesis to study the case of machines to produce of the economic futures: what is their role within the socio-technical collectives that compose the markets? To answer this question, we will draw on a multi-situated ethnography we conducted from 2012 to 2015 according to a posture situated at the intersection of market, science and technology sociologies. Specifically, we will be mobilizing a corpus of archives and an important investigative material collected from several professionals, companies and salons to discuss the design and operation of these machines to predict merchant futures. We will see at the level of design environment, these machines are interesting in so far as they generally have a local intelligence that has to happen, in the present, of futures allowing to optimize the economic interests of those that implement. Starting from a series of studies and experimentations dealing with the use of a recommendation agent, we will show that this intelligence is debatable because it may entail of considerable ambivalences from the users point of view. This will allow us to emphasize that cognitive and relational levels, the relevance of the machines to produce of the economic futures must be the subject to a systematic questioning. The stakes are high because it is not impossible that the massive advent of these machines within the organizations introduces new asymmetries in markets that are not a good for the community
Lhommet, Margaux. "Replicants : humains virtuels cognitifs, émotionnels et sociaux : de l'empathie cognitive à l'empathie affective." Compiègne, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012COMP2031.
Full textVirtual humans are more and more common in virtual environments such as simulations, training softwares, serious-games or video games. Affective computing aims at giving those artificial characters emotional capabilities. We aim at generating virtual humans whose behavior is coherent, adaptative and explainable. We define coherence as the adequacy between the situation, the virtual human’s mental state and her behavior. Adaptability is the capacity to adapt to new knowledge an reason about it. This knowledge may be specified by people without computer programming skills and therefore be incomplete. Finally, the virtual human’s behavior must be explainable in order for the learner to understand the impact of her actions. Using models from psychology that explicitly address the components and their dynamics, our virtual human model is given a personality, an emotional state and is linked to others via social relationships. In order to ensure the adaptability of our virtual human, she is given a set of domain-independent processes to take care of the dynamics of those human components and their impact on behavior. Those processes are integrated on a cognitive architecture. Domain-dependent knowledge such as entities, actions and activities are designed using a description language inspired by ergonomy methodology. This formalism is simple enough to be used without any computer programming skill, and expressive enough to be directly used by the high-level processes of our virtual human. An affective empathy model based on individual characteristics is proposed to model affective relations between virtual humans. To generate such virtual humans, we propose REPLICANTS, a decisional artificial intelligence engine. Some examples are presented and show how the virtual human can combine her generic set of cognitive rules with domain specific knowledge in order to adapt to her environment as well as behaving rationally in pursuing goals
Hörnsten, Jessica, Niclas Lindgren, and Simon Skidmore. "Utopi eller dystopi? : Föreställningar kring artificiell intelligens." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för informatik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-159462.
Full textSjöblom, Sebastian, and Martin Eriksson. "Läkarstudenters attityder till artificiell intelligens inom sjukvården." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informatik och media, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-413812.
Full textArtificial intelligence (AI) is today a much debated technology with many postulated uses in a wide range of scientific principles. In medicine, computers have for a long time helped to analyze data and helped medical practitioners. Today, the issue is more relevant than ever as medical AI is being launched in clinical settings and many practitioners believe that the technology will have a major impact in the future. Based on this background, we have wanted to investigate Sweden's medical students' attitude to AI as a tool in healthcare. This has been done through a quantitative survey based on a modification of the model Technology Acceptance Model 2 (TAM2) to measure attitudes to this technology. The results from the survey have been analyzed using t-tests and regression analysis to answer our research questions. The analysis of the results shows, among other things, that Sweden's medical students' attitude to AI in healthcare is positive and that they want to use the technology.
Olsson, Per, and Andreas Backman. "Etik & artificiell intelligens inom svenskbanksektor : En kvalitativ granskning av storbankernas etik." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informatik och media, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-357786.
Full textBerreby, Fiona. "Models of Ethical Reasoning." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS137.
Full textThis thesis is part of the ANR eThicAa project, which has aimed to define moral autonomous agents, provide a formal representation of ethical conflicts and of their objects (within one artificial moral agent, between an artificial moral agent and the rules of the system it belongs to, between an artificial moral agent and a human operator, between several artificial moral agents), and design explanation algorithms for the human user. The particular focus of the thesis pertains to exploring ethical conflicts within a single agent, as well as designing explanation algorithms. The work presented here investigates the use of high-level action languages for designing such ethically constrained autonomous agents. It proposes a novel and modular logic-based framework for representing and reasoning over a variety of ethical theories, based on a modified version of the event calculus and implemented in Answer Set Programming. The ethical decision-making process is conceived of as a multi-step procedure captured by four types of interdependent models which allow the agent to represent situations, reason over accountability and make ethically informed choices. More precisely, an action model enables the agent to appraise its environment and the changes that take place in it, a causal model tracks agent responsibility, a model of the Good makes a claim about the intrinsic value of goals or events, and a model of the Right considers what an agent should do, or is most justified in doing, given the circumstances of its actions. The causalmodel plays a central role here, because it permits identifying some properties that causal relations assume and that determine how, as well as to what extent, we may ascribe ethical responsibility on their basis. The overarching ambition of the presented research is twofold. First, to allow the systematic representation of an unbounded number of ethical reasoning processes, through a framework that is adaptable and extensible by virtue of its designed hierarchisation and standard syntax. Second, to avoid the pitfall of some works in current computational ethics that too readily embed moralinformation within computational engines, thereby feeding agents with atomic answers that fail to truly represent underlying dynamics. We aim instead to comprehensively displace the burden of moral reasoning from the programmer to the program itself
Kanso, Hassan. "Vers la reconnaissance des intentions de communication : application au contenu de publications scientifiques." Toulouse 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU10010.
Full textApprehending the intentions behind human actions is necessarily difficult owing to their inherent ambiguity as can be seen from communication theory in the fields of artificial intelligence, computer science, linguistics, philosophy, and psychology. This ambiguity is due to the fact that the notion of intention is used to denote both the existence of a goal and the existence of a plan to carry out an action. Consequently, we have concentraded only on those intentions consciously desired by the authors of the documents. Document types may be limited (in the thesis, the target documents are scientific). Applications based on services for document processing and management (writing aids, text generation, reviewing etc. ) would benefit if the notion of authorial intention were treated systematically. - A model of intentions used as a basis for their recognition should contribute to the achievement of this aim. In this thesis, we propose a model of intentions, a procedure for recognizing intentions in scientific documents based on this model. The validation testing of our model is based on the development of a programme for the recognition of the intentions of authors through communication in documents (RICAD)
Back, Alexander, and Koshaksarai Anton Yazdani. "Morgondagens digitala kreatörer : En intervjustudie om artificiell intelligens och dess påverkan på professionellt digitalt kreativt arbete." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för informatik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-186777.
Full textBjärehall, Johannes, and Johan Hallberg. "Återskapa mänskligt beteende med artificiell intelligens i 2D top-down wave shooter spel." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-18708.
Full textVeillon, Lise-Marie. "Apprentissage artificiel collectif ; aspects dynamiques et structurels." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCD004/document.
Full textCollective learning in multi-agent systems considers how a community of autonomous agents sharing a learning purpose may benefit from exchanging information to learn efficiently as a community as well as individuals. The community forms a communication network where each agent may accesses observations, called learning examples. This thesis is based on a former protocol, SMILE (Sound-Multi-agent-Incremental-LEarning), which sets up parsimonious examples and hypotheses exchanges between agents. In a fully connected community, this protocol guarantees an agent’s hypothesis takes into account all the examples obtained by the community. Some sequential protocols add propagation to SMILE in order to extend this consistency guarantee to other connected networks. This thesis contribution to the artificial collective learning field is two fold.First, we investigate the influence of network structures on learning in networks when communication is limited to neighbourhood without further information propagation. Second, we present and analyze a new protocol, Waves, with SMILE’s guarantees and a more dynamic learning process thanks to its execution in parallel. The evaluation of this protocol in a simple turn-based setting gives the opportunity to improve it here in multiple ways. It is however meant to be used with online learning without any restriction on the acquisition rate of new examples, neither on speed nor number
Bessant, Brigitte. "Contributions aux techniques de révision de croyances en intelligence artificielle : aspects sémantiques et calculatoires." Artois, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ARTO0402.
Full textHedberg, Nilsson Lovisa, and Wilma Lundström. "Artificiell intelligens och framtidens IT- arbetare : En undersökning av IT- studenters uppfattningar om AI." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för informatik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-162748.
Full textBourgais, Mathieu. "Vers des agents cognitifs, affectifs et sociaux dans la simulation." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMIR20/document.
Full textOver the last few years, the use of agent-based simulations to study social systems has spread to many domains (e.g. geography, ecology, sociology, economy). These simulations aim to reproduce real life situations involving human beings and thus need to integrate complex agents to match the behavior of the people simulated. Therefore, notions such as cognition, emotions, personality, social relations or norms have to be taken into account, but currently there is no agent architecture that could incorporate all these features and be used by the majority of modelers, including those with low levels of skills in programming. In this thesis, the BEN (Behavior with Emotions and Norms) architecture is introduced to tackle this issue. It is a modular architecture based on the BDI model of cognition featuring modules for adding emotions, emotional contagion, personality, social relations and norms to agent behavior. These behavioral dimensions are formalised in a way so they may operate together to produce a believable behavior in the context of social simulations. The architecture is implemented into the GAMA simulation platform in order to make it usable by the social simulation community. Finally, BEN is used to study two cases of evacuation of a nightclub on fire, showing it is currently usable throught its implementation into GAMA and it enables modelers to reproduce real life situations involving human actors
Augustsson, Malin. "Inte så dum som den ser ut : Artificiell intelligens och användarvänlighet i interaktiva system." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informatik och media, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-331127.
Full textNordmann, Raphaëlle. "Justice, éthique et intelligence artificielle : la délégation de la prise de décision judiciaire à un algorithme et l'égalité d'accès au juge." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38195.
Full textThis research deals with justice, ethics and artificial intelligence (AI). More precisely, the aim is to discuss what ethical issues are raised when delegating judicial decision-making to an AI. The issue we are focusing on is equal access to the judge, a fundamental right in both European and international texts. In regard to the most advanced ones that set an ethical frame for the development of AI – which are the Declaration of Montreal, published in December 2018, and the Ethical Guidelines for Trustworthy AI published by the European Commission in April 2019 – we will investigate whether this right is enforced when dispute resolution algorithms are implemented in jurisdictions.
Le, Goc Marc. "Contribution au développement d'outils pour la conception de contrôleurs cognitifs." Lyon, INSA, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ISAL0051.
Full textFält, Felix, and Reuterstrand Adrian Torres. "AI och partiskhet vid beslutsfattande i rekryteringsprocesser : Hur artificiell intelligens kan hantera partiskhet i rekryteringsprocessen." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Informationssystem och digitalisering, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-177501.
Full textThe recruitment process of today is often driven by human recruiters and lately it has become increasingly popular to use AI-driven tools to streamline parts of this process, but also to try to counteract the inherent bias present in humans. This study aims to analyze how recruiters with experience in the use of AI, and developers of such systems, experience whether AI can be used as a tool to meet bias in the recruitment process. By performing semistructured interviews with relevant parties familiar with the recruitment process, but also with the development of AI-systems with recruitment as the main focus, we have gained insight into how companies work and how they develop these types of systems. How they relate to ethical issues has been useful in being able to evaluate whether AI is appropriate for this task. Our conclusion shows that there are uses for AI in recruitment, but instead as a complementary tool for the human recruiter rather than as a replacement, as AI is often speculated to be. Advantages that we saw included that AI can treat more candidates than its human counterpart and in most cases make decisions that are competency based because AI is not affected by external factors in the same way as we humans do. Although AI has its flaws, where it can mimic negative behavioural patterns from us humans and that human contact is reduced, we found that the positive aspects of AI were predominant, and that there is an optimistic attitude towards further studies in the field.
Ezzeddine, Diala. "A contribution to topological learning and its application in Social Networks." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO22011/document.
Full textSupervised Learning is a popular field of Machine Learning that has made recent progress. In particular, many methods and procedures have been developed to solve the classification problem. Most classical methods in Supervised Learning use the density estimation of data to construct their classifiers.In this dissertation, we show that the topology of data can be a good alternative in constructing classifiers. We propose using topological graphs like Gabriel graphs (GG) and Relative Neighborhood Graphs (RNG) that can build the topology of data based on its neighborhood structure. To apply this concept, we create a new method called Random Neighborhood Classification (RNC).In this method, we use topological graphs to construct classifiers and then apply Ensemble Methods (EM) to get all relevant information from the data. EM is well known in Machine Learning, generates many classifiers from data and then aggregates these classifiers into one. Aggregate classifiers have been shown to be very efficient in many studies, because it leverages relevant and effective information from each generated classifier. We first compare RNC to other known classification methods using data from the UCI Irvine repository. We find that RNC works very well compared to very efficient methods such as Random Forests and Support Vector Machines. Most of the time, it ranks in the top three methods in efficiency. This result has encouraged us to study the efficiency of RNC on real data like tweets. Twitter, a microblogging Social Network, is especially useful to mine opinion on current affairs and topics that span the range of human interest, including politics. Mining political opinion from Twitter poses peculiar challenges such as the versatility of the authors when they express their political view, that motivate this study. We define a new attribute, called couple, that will be very helpful in the process to study the tweets opinion. A couple is an author that talk about a politician. We propose a new procedure that focuses on identifying the opinion on tweet using couples. We think that focusing on the couples's opinion expressed by several tweets can overcome the problems of analysing each single tweet. This approach can be useful to avoid the versatility, language ambiguity and many other artifacts that are easy to understand for a human being but not automatically for a machine.We use classical Machine Learning techniques like KNN, Random Forests (RF) and also our method RNC. We proceed in two steps : First, we build a reference set of classified couples using Naive Bayes. We also apply a second alternative method to Naive method, sampling plan procedure, to compare and evaluate the results of Naive method. Second, we evaluate the performance of this approach using proximity measures in order to use RNC, RF and KNN. The expirements used are based on real data of tweets from the French presidential election in 2012. The results show that this approach works well and that RNC performs very good in order to classify opinion in tweets.Topological Learning seems to be very intersting field to study, in particular to address the classification problem. Many concepts to get informations from topological graphs need to analyse like the ones described by Aupetit, M. in his work (2005). Our work show that Topological Learning can be an effective way to perform classification problem
Lamarche, Fabrice. "Humanoi͏̈des virtuels, réaction et cognition : une architecture pour leur autonomie." Rennes 1, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00432175.
Full textFiol, Jean-Charles. "Logique floue dans un système expert de diagnostic d'entreprise." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010041.
Full textDefl2 is an expert system designed for the medium term analysis of a company. A preliminary study has demonstrated that it is necessary to put aside the obligation to settle all propositions on the basis of true or false. The original aspect of this work consists in a particular approach of artificial reasoning in the area of company management. This involves the use of the theory of fuzzy sub-groups and the theory of the possibilities concerning the representation of knowledge and the application of gradual reasoning. The rules, which include deductive knowledge, are written to make use of linguistic analysis, and process imprecise and uncertain information. The meta-rules include procedural knowledge and ensure the piloting of the system, by controlling the comparison of fuzzy data; the optimal use of all the rules regrouped into specific modules is achieved by means of repetition
Andriamasinoro, Fenintsoa. "Proposition d'un modèle d'agents hybrides basé sur la motivation naturelle." Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00474542.
Full textSinger, Benjamin. "L'intelligence artificielle au service du rugby : acquisition et modélisationd'une expertise visuelle de prise de décision tactique : construction d'un système expert hybride d'aide à l'intervention pour la formation des joueurs et des cadres techniques." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100048.
Full textWe focus on our contribution at the visual knowledge acquisition and modelling levels. After justifying its necessity we propose a visual knowledge elicitation language whose formal definition is given via its static and dynamic component s. The second part of our contribution is related to the design and realization of a visual knowledge acquisition software tool driven by the previous language. The third part of our contribution deals with visual knowledge modelling at the methodological and tool levels by extending the initial method and software. The fourth part describes the whole case study carried out for modelling the visual expertise considered for tactical decision-making in rugby the complete conceptual model is built. Then we describe the design, implementation and validation of the final expert system on the target architecture. The conclusion points out the interests of our contribution both at the theoretical and practical levels, and the generality of the results achieved for team games study
Béchade, Lucile. "L'humour dans les interactions sociales homme-robot." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS077/document.
Full textThis doctoral dissertation is about the improvement of social capacities of a conversationnal system to interact with humans. When the system is not dedicated to one particular task, it must take into account the inherent difficulties of social interaction it-self. Humor is a natural mechanism present in social interactions. We consider humour in a robotic system as a simulation of simplified behaviors from human humor : derision, jokes, puns. This work is based on theories issued from various research domains as sociology, psychology, neurosciences and linguistics to enable integration of humor in a robotic system. Implemented in some dialog systems, humorous capacities are however rarely used when programming the robot’s behavior. In our study, the humourous behavior is implemented in the system by using the ritual theory of face-work. The face analysis of the interlocutor can be used to direct the robot’s reactions during a casual humorous talk. In order to evaluate the faces of participants in interaction, we study, using data collections created for this purpose, the participant’s behavior, emotionnal and expressive responses to different types of humor (humorous act targeting the robot, the participant or a neutral subject). Participant's reaction to humor are made upon a multi-level processing of emotionnal, linguistic and behavioral cues.Machine learning is used to extract rules defining appreciation or not and update the participant's face evaluation in regards of the humorous act produced by the robot. An implementation of these rules in an automatic dialog system allows us to evaluate their accuracy. Numerous experiments were carried out on various populations : elderly persons, adults, teenagers. Finally, the use of the participant’s preferences in the conversation raises ethical questions, in particular against the persuasive and manipulative power of humor
Öhlund, Linnea. "Sociala agenter på arbetsplatsen - Vem gör jobbet ? : En kvalitativ studie om AI-roboten som den nya arbetaren." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för informatik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-159325.
Full textEvans, Katherine. "The Implementation of Ethical Decision Procedures in Autonomous Systems : the Case of the Autonomous Vehicle." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUL003.
Full textThe ethics of emerging forms of artificial intelligence has become a prolific subject in both academic and public spheres. A great deal of these concerns flow from the need to ensure that these technologies do not cause harm—physical, emotional or otherwise—to the human agents with which they will interact. In the literature, this challenge has been met with the creation of artificial moral agents: embodied or virtual forms of artificial intelligence whose decision procedures are constrained by explicit normative principles, requiring the implementation of what is commonly called artificial morality into these agents. To date, the types of reasoning structures and principles which inform artificial morality have been of two kinds: first, an ethically maximal vision of artificial morality which relies on the strict implementation of traditional moral theories such as Kantian deontology or Utilitarianism, and second, a more minimalist vision which applies stochastic AI techniques to large data sets of human moral preferences so as to illicit or intuit general principles and preferences for the design of artificial morality. Taken individually, each approach is unable to fully answer the challenge of producing inoffensive behavior in artificial moral agents, most especially since both forms are unable to strike a balance between the ideal set of constraints which morality imposes on one hand, and the types of constraints public acceptability imposes, on the other. We provide an alternative approach to the design of artificial morality, the Ethical Valence Theory, whose purpose is to accommodate this balance, and apply this approach to the case of autonomous vehicles
Ribeiro, Gouveia Feliz Alberto. "Contribution à l'étude des mécanismes de coordination dans les systèmes d'agents autonomes." Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD554.
Full textRevelli, Carlo. "Comment exploiter l’intelligence d’Internet : de l’intelligence économique à l’intelligence individuelle." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100088.
Full textThe objective of this research paper was to demonstrate how and why individuals are gaining a power that could rot be imagined just a few years ago, thanks to the advent of the Internet, to the new technologies and by using tools and methodologies that have been tested for years. We therefore interrogated ourselves about the relevance of the use by individuals of methodologies validated, for years, by companies, such as knowledge management, business intelligence, watch. . . In other words, car an individual identify, analyze, validate the information that it needs to operate and optimize its choices in the everyday life, in a near-professional manner ? To do so, we first demonstrated how the Internet is about to become an important booster of individual intelligence as it was a catalyser for the spreading of business intelligence practices in companies this last decade. Then, we analyzed the recent evolution of tools and methods of business intelligence by demonstrating how this evolution also affected the individual sphere. Finally, we studied how and for what reasons individuals adopt tools and methodologies aimed initially at companies, including through the first citizen journalism experiments. It now appears obvious that the individual is at the heart of a booming counter-power
Sichman, Jaime Simao. "Du raisonnement social chez les agents : une approche fondée sur la théorie de la dépendance." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005063.
Full textNovaro, Arianna. "Collective decision-making with goals." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30179.
Full textAgents having to take a collective decision are often motivated by individual goals. In such scenarios, two key aspects need to be addressed. The first is defining how to select a winning alternative from the expressions of the agents. The second is making sure that agents will not manipulate the outcome. Agents should also be able to state their goals in a way that is expressive, yet not too burdensome. This dissertation studies the aggregation and the strategic component of multi-agent collective decisions where the agents use a compactly represented language. The languages we study are all related to logic: from propositional logic, to generalized CP-nets and linear temporal logic (LTL). Our main contribution is the introduction of the framework of goal-based voting, where agents submit individual goals expressed as formulas of propositional logic. Classical aggregation functions from voting, judgment aggregation, and belief merging are adapted to this setting and studied axiomatically and computationally. Desirable axiomatic properties known in the literature of social choice theory are generalized to this new type of propositional input, as well as the standard complexity problems aimed at determining the result. Another important contribution is the study of the aggregation of generalized CP-nets coming from multiple agents, i.e., CP-nets where the precondition of the preference statement is a propositional formula. We use different aggregators to obtain a collective ordering of the possible outcomes. Thanks to this thesis, two lines of research are thus bridged: the one on the aggregation of complete CP-nets, and the one on the generalization of CP-nets to incomplete preconditions. We also contribute to the study of strategic behavior in both collective decision-making and game-theoretic settings. The framework of goal-based voting is studied again under the assumption that agents can now decide to submit an untruthful goal if by doing so they can get a better outcome. The focus is on three majoritarian voting rules which are found to be manipulable. Therefore, we study restrictions on both the language of the goals and on the strategies allowed to the agents to discover islands of strategy-proofness. We also present a game-theoretic extension of a recent model of opinion diffusion over networks of influence. In the influence games defined here, agents hold goals expressed as formulas of LTL and they can choose whether to use their influence power to make sure that their goal is satisfied. Classical solution concepts such as weak dominance and winning strategy are studied for influence games, in relation to the structure of the network and the goals of the agents. Finally, we introduce a novel class of concurrent game structures (CGS) in which agents can have shared control over a set of propositional variables. Such structures are used for the interpretation of formulas of alternating-time temporal logic, thanks to which we can express the existence of a winning strategy for an agent in a repeated game (as, for instance, the influence games mentioned above). The main result shows by means of a clever construction that a CGS with shared control can be represented as a CGS with exclusive control. In conclusion, this thesis provides a valuable contribution to the field of collective decision-making by introducing a novel framework of voting based on individual propositional goals, it studies for the first time the aggregation of generalized CP-nets, it extends a framework of opinion diffusion by modelling rational agents who use their influence power as they see fit, and it provides a reduction of shared to exclusive control in CGS for the interpretation of logics of strategic reasoning. By using different logical languages, agents can thus express their goals and preferences over the decision to be taken, and desirable properties of the decision process can be ensured
Phan, Denis. "Régimes et changements structurels : essais d'économie historique." Orléans, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ORLE0511.
Full textLe, Bodic Laurent. "Approche de l'évaluation des systèmes interactifs multimodaux par simulation comportementale située." Brest, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BRES2006.
Full textThe Phd thesis is a contribution to evaluation of multimodal interactive systems. More particularly, we propose an approach of the evaluation of theses systems by a behavorial and located simulation. Such a study requires the use of a virtual actor, registered in a virtual environment. Its interaction with a virtual interactive system is used as a representation of a possible man-machine communication. The people in charge of the development use then the usability problems, detected in the virtual world, as a source of investigations to increase the efficiency of their prototypes. Modeling that we propose lies on the interaction of three functional bricks, which are : Models of environment, which influence user in his decision-making and which interacts with him (avoidance, displacement, etc. ). Model describing interactive systems which, by their characteristics, allows and guides the dialogue. Model of users, reproducing human decision with mixing of cognitive and perceptive aspects. This virtual user, by his characteristics, his history, interacts with environment and interactive system through the realization, in a virtual world, of a scenario of evaluation. This study is concluded by the introduction of the software demonstrator SIHMM and the study from its operational validity. This one is examined through the correlation of reals and virtuals experiments. From this one, we determine the potential use of the simulation in the phases of development, of interactive systems and open prospects on the future use of the simulation which we wish to develop
Maudet, Nicolas. "Reaching Agreement in Multiagent Systems." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00563437.
Full textDorobantu, Marius. "Theological anthropology and the possibility of human-level artificial intelligence : rethinking human distinctiveness and the Imago Dei." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020STRAK003.
Full textCould theological anthropology still speak of human distinctiveness and the image of God if AI ever reaches human level ? Intelligence, understood as rationality or problem solving, is not the most distinctive aspect of the image of God. AI, theological and scientific anthropology independently from each other point to relationality as being the key to what it means to be human. The reflection on the challenges of human-level AI helps define a multi-level interpretation of the imago Dei centered around relationality and relationship: (1) the personal relationship that God initiates with humanity, (2) the essential relationality of human nature, and (3) the capacities that enable us to grow in our likeness to God through the exercise of our freedom in relationships. Seeing the others as persons can be regarded as such a key, distinctively human, capacity
Cambe, Jordan. "Understanding the complex dynamics of social systems with diverse formal tools." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEN043/document.
Full textFor the past two decades, electronic devices have revolutionized the traceability of social phenomena. Social dynamics now leave numerical footprints, which can be analyzed to better understand collective behaviors. The development of large online social networks (like Facebook, Twitter and more generally mobile communications) and connected physical structures (like transportation networks and geolocalised social platforms) resulted in the emergence of large longitudinal datasets. These new datasets bring the opportunity to develop new methods to analyze temporal dynamics in and of these systems. Nowadays, the plurality of data available requires to adapt and combine a plurality of existing methods in order to enlarge the global vision that one has on such complex systems. The purpose of this thesis is to explore the dynamics of social systems using three sets of tools: network science, statistical physics modeling and machine learning. This thesis starts by giving general definitions and some historical context on the methods mentioned above. After that, we show the complex dynamics induced by introducing an infinitesimal quantity of new agents to a Schelling-like model and discuss the limitations of statistical model simulation. The third chapter shows the added value of using longitudinal data. We study the behavior evolution of bike sharing system users and analyze the results of an unsupervised machine learning model aiming to classify users based on their profiles. The fourth chapter explores the differences between global and local methods for temporal community detection using scientometric networks. The last chapter merges complex network analysis and supervised machine learning in order to describe and predict the impact of new businesses on already established ones. We explore the temporal evolution of this impact and show the benefit of combining networks topology measures with machine learning algorithms
Berg, Albin. "Jämförelse av CNN modeller för objektidentifiering och automatisk markering." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-18637.
Full textNabholtz, Franz-Olivier. "Problématisation prospective des stratégies de la singularité." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB019.
Full textFrom past world to globalization, from modernity to postmodernity, from the human to the transhuman: - the digital and technological revolution brings out issues that permeate our daily lives beyond even what common sense can imagine. The massification of data, analyzed as the result of a hyper-connectivity, linked to a convergence "big data-artificial intelligence" raises the question of its fair use and distribution between highly voluntary private actors (GAFA) and public institutions for the least outdated, as to the principles of rational efficiency representing one of the characteristics of datas. A predictive characteristic that corresponds to a vital need of states. A human society with specific knowledge of its situation could make rational choices based on predictive scenarios and would no longer behave in the same way and no longer normalize in the same way. If we reject transhumanism in its ideological dimension, we take for granted the conceptual dimensions of the theory of singularity that we problematize in this work by an analysis of information specific to an approach of economic intelligence, even beyond of common thought and consensus inherited from a deductive school of thought that has been affirmed by demonstration and imposed by a form of ideology that exists everywhere, if not in social sciences. Inductive thinking, whose primary characteristic is predictive correlation, would see the development of probabilistic, multidisciplinary, bold and peculiar political science scenarios, the main idea of which would be to detect and anticipate, as predictive medicine (this is what singularity tells us), major societal and political future trends. However, the nature of this work will have to be fully independent. The process of exploiting big data by means of algorithms, outside traditional processes of scientific validation, will be based on a new model, in which the proof of the cause will undoubtedly take on a quantum or synaptic dimension in a near future, analyzed thus, as singular
Roos, Sofie. "Chatbots in education : A passing trend or a valuable pedagogical tool?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informatik och media, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-355054.
Full textJohansson, Nelly, and Lin Haspel. "Kan en självkörande bil vara en etisk agent?" Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för informatik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-171030.
Full textLindberg, Peter. "Hur påverkas spelarens flow om en vägplanerings-AI implementeras : Inverkan av vägplanerings-AI på spelarens flow i tornförsvarsspel jämfört med en linjär väg." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-20548.
Full textDet finns övrigt digitalt material (t.ex. film-, bild- eller ljudfiler) eller modeller/artefakter tillhörande examensarbetet som ska skickas till arkivet.
Dujardin, Tony. "Construction d'individualité par un mécanisme de sélection d'action basé sur les motivations." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00839389.
Full textGirault, François. "L'environnement comme espace de cognition dans les systèmes multi-agents." Caen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CAEN2070.
Full textCederborg, Thomas. "A Formal Approach to Social Learning: Exploring Language Acquisition Through Imitation." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00937615.
Full textAlgoz, Sara, and Amin Mussa. "Hur hjälper AI den svenska vården? : Sjuksköterskors uppfattning av AI inom vården." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informatik och media, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-354654.
Full textFrancis, Fanch. "De la prédiction à la détection d’évènements : L’analyse des mégadonnées au service du renseignement de sources ouvertes." Thesis, Lille 3, 2019. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/EDSHS/2019/2019LIL3H046.pdf.
Full textUnderstanding the dynamics of a conflict in order to anticipate its evolution is of major interest for open source military intelligence (OSINT) and police intelligence, particularly in the context of Intelligence Led Policing. If the ambition to predict the events of a conflict is not realistic, the ambition to detect them is an important and achievable objective. The human and social sciences, particularly the information and communication sciences combined with the science of data and documents, make it possible to exploit digital social networks in such a way as to make event detection and monitoring a more appropriate objective and method than the standard "protest event analysis" in the context of modern wars and the connected society. At the same time, this requires a renewed intelligence cycle.Based on data from the social network Twitter, collected during the Ukrainian crisis, this thesis shows the relevance of conflict detection and monitoring using our DETEVEN method. This method not only identifies relevant events in a conflict, but also facilitates their monitoring and interpretation. It is based on the detection of statistical anomalies and the adaptation of protest event analysis to social media. Our method is particularly effective on what we define as connected theatres of operation (CTOs) characteristic of new hybrid warfare contexts and on operations of misinformation or influence. These detected events were analytically exploited using a platform designed for an analyst, allowing effective data visualization. In a crisis situation, especially in a "social movement war", where each user becomes a de facto social sensor, information control is a strategic issue. This thesis therefore shows how information literacy is an important issue for individuals and groups
Elvin, Nicklas, and Frida Nilsson. "Barriärer för digital transformation : En kvalitativ fallstudie i försäkringsbranschen." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för informatik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-171106.
Full textDevigne, Damien. "Approche centrée interaction pour la simulation d'agents cognitifs situés." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-Devigne.pdf.
Full textLassègue, Jean. "L'intelligence artificielle et la question du continu : remarques sur le modèle de Turing." Phd thesis, Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011541.
Full textOn décrit la notion de machine de Turing en tant que concept dans la théorie de la calculabilité. On étudie le contexte épistémologique dans lequel le concept est né dans les années trente : philosophiquement, la “querelle des fondements en mathématique”; mathématiquement, l'apparition des différents formalismes permettant de rendre compte de la calculabilité des fonctions, dont le formalisme de la machine de Turing.
On décrit dans la deuxième partie comment le concept de machine de Turing se transforme en modèle pour la théorie de la psychologie. La justification de cette transformation est étudiée à partir de l'expérience de pensée élaborée par Turing grâce au “jeu de l'imitation”. On interprète le sens de ce jeu d'un point de vue formaliste, probabiliste et psychologique. On finit par conclure à l'absence de “test de Turing” dans le jeu, contrairement à ce qui est cru généralement.
La troisième partie étudie la façon dont la notion de machine de Turing a servi de fondement à l'intelligence artificielle. Le modèle de Turing tel qu'il a été utilisé jusqu'à présent engendre deux types de théories dualistes de l'esprit : une théorie platonicienne et une théorie fonctionnaliste. On justifie une interprétation non-dualiste en mettant l'accent sur le rôle joué par le langage dans la constitution du modèle. On replace enfin le modèle dans une tradition historique plus large, qui va de C. Babbage à R. Thom.
Tursic, Semir. "Smarta leksaker : Viktig faktorer vid utformandet av en digital checklista kring säkerhetsriskerna med smarta leksaker och vad som bör göras för att säkra dem." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-15639.
Full textRouchier, Juliette. "La confiance à travers l'échange : accès aux paturages au Nord-Cameroun et échanges non-marchands : des simulations dans des systèmes multi-agents." Orléans, 2000. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00349010.
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