Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Intelligence artificielle en biologie'
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Juncker, Thibaud. "Droit de l'intelligence artificielle : essai d'une approche juridique du cognitivisme électronique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2024/JUNCKER_Thibaud_2024_ED101.pdf.
Full textElectronical cognitivism can be understood as the current of thought according to which programming is already capable of generating cognitive processes such as intelligence. The aim of this thesis is to question the electronical cognitivism that is so prevalent in both scientific and doctrinal writings. Confronted with such enthusiasm, it sets out to demonstrate that applicable law already deals with programming and all its avatars (machines, robots, etc.) without difficulty. It then demonstrates that the hypothesis of electronic cognitive capacities should and can be demonstrated scientifically, on a case-by-case basis. Indeed, it should be scientifically demonstrated, as the existence of electronic cognitive processes would entail major paradigm shifts in law. Secondly, it can be demonstrated, since biology has long been dealing with cognitive phenomena. In general terms, the thesis calls for interdisciplinarity in the field of artificial intelligence law, and makes extensive use of it. Only by bringing together disciplines such as ethology, cognitive science and computer science can jurists escape the ghosts of their own imagination
Clampitt, Megan. "Indexation de l'état de santé des coraux par une approche basée sur l'intelligence artificielle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023COAZ6019.
Full textCoral reefs are deteriorating at a startling rate and the development of fast and efficient monitoring schemas that attempt to evaluate coral health without only focusing on the absence or presence of disease or bleaching is essential. My Ph.D. research aims to combine the fields of Coral Biology, Computer Science, and Marine Conservation with the main question of my thesis being: how can artificial intelligence tools be used to assess coral health states from colony photographs? Since the assessment of individual coral colony health state remains poorly defined, our approach is to use AI tools to assess visual cues such as physically damaging conditions (boring organisms & predation), contact with other organisms (algae, sediment), and color changes that could correlate with health states. This was achieved by utilizing photographic data from the Tara Pacific Expedition to build the first version of AI machines capable of automatically recognizing these visual cues and then applying this tool to two types of field studies i). A longitudinal study set up in Moorea, French Polynesia aimed to investigate coral health as assessed by mortality/partial mortality events. ii). A comparative study between damaged, pristine, and restoration sites in Raja Ampat, Indonesia. The objective of these studies is to extract the visual cues that distinguish healthy from unhealthy corals. Thus, I was able to create an AI Model capable of automatically annotating coral colony photographs for visual cues relevant to the current health state of the colony
Ferré, Arnaud. "Représentations vectorielles et apprentissage automatique pour l’alignement d’entités textuelles et de concepts d’ontologie : application à la biologie." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS117/document.
Full textThe impressive increase in the quantity of textual data makes it difficult today to analyze them without the assistance of tools. However, a text written in natural language is unstructured data, i.e. it cannot be interpreted by a specialized computer program, without which the information in the texts remains largely under-exploited. Among the tools for automatic extraction of information from text, we are interested in automatic text interpretation methods for the entity normalization task that consists in automatically matching text entitiy mentions to concepts in a reference terminology. To accomplish this task, we propose a new approach by aligning two types of vector representations of entities that capture part of their meanings: word embeddings for text mentions and concept embeddings for concepts, designed specifically for this work. The alignment between the two is done through supervised learning. The developed methods have been evaluated on a reference dataset from the biological domain and they now represent the state of the art for this dataset. These methods are integrated into a natural language processing software suite and the codes are freely shared
Acherar, Idir Aniss. "Détection et identification de Plasmodium falciparum sur des images microscopiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2024SORUS019.pdf.
Full textThe use of microscopy in malaria diagnosis has long been an essential tool for healthcare professionals. However, this method comes with inherent challenges, particularly in terms of subjectivity and variability in results due to factors such as the quality of blood smears, variations in staining, and the presence of artifacts. Moreover, the interpretation of blood smear images can vary depending on the operator's expertise, highlighting the need to explore more objective and reproducible approaches for malaria diagnosis. The future application of machine learning and deep learning in computer-aided malaria diagnosis poses a significant limitation : these models are typically validated on research data, which significantly differs from routine clinical data. To truly understand the performance of these tools in real-world contexts, it is imperative to validate them on large clinical datasets.Validation on clinical datasets is of paramount importance to assess the ability of machine learning and deep learning models to address the specific challenges of daily clinical practice. Routine clinical data can vary significantly in terms of smear quality, image characteristics, staining variations, and artifacts, all of which can impact model performance. Therefore, it is essential to test these models on real clinical datasets to evaluate their adaptability and reliability in practical scenarios. In our first study, we created an annotated image database comprising over 60,000 images to identify Plasmodium falciparum infected red blood cells and uninfected blood components. The goal was to ensure a faithful representation of diagnostic conditions to enhance the performance of classification systems. By controlling image diversity, we improved the models' ability to generalize to new patient samples. Using a cross-validation approach, we evaluated different model architectures using our database and one made available by the NIH. Subsequently, we assessed the models' capacity to generalize and provide accurate predictions on an independent clinical dataset comprising blood smear images from 200 different patients.In our second study, we focused on the automated measurement of parasitemia, a crucial factor in malaria diagnosis, particularly for cases caused by Plasmodium falciparum. We proposed an automated method to estimate parasitemia by analyzing a predetermined number of thin blood smear fields. This automated approach standardizes measurements and reduces the subjectivity associated with manual interpretation. Concurrently, we identified the limitations of traditional manual methods used in routine practice to measure parasitemia on thin blood smears due to significant variability in microscopic interpretation and analysis, potentially leading to errors and reduced diagnostic reliability. Finally, we compared the performance of our proposed system on a dataset of 102 patients. By assessing its correlation with two other methods, manual and semi-automated, we demonstrated the validity and reliability of our automated approach in parasitemia estimation
Scornavacca, Céline. "Supertree methods for phylogenomics." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20136.
Full textEvolutionary relationships between species can be summarized in the so-called “species tree. Species trees are mainly estimated using gene trees, ie evolutionary trees constructed by analyzing a gene family. However, for both methodological and biological reasons, a gene tree may differ from the species tree. To estimate species tree, biologists then analyze several data sets at a time. This thesis focuses on the “supertree” approach to combine data sets. This approach consists first in constructing trees (commonly called source trees) from primary data, then assembling them into a larger tree, called supertree. When using supertree construction in a divide-and-conquer approach in the attempt to reconstruct the Tree of Life, conservative supertree methods have to be preferred in order to obtain reliable supertrees. In this context, a supertree method should display only information that is displayed or induced by source trees (induction property, PI) and that does not conflict with source trees or a combination thereof (non contradiction property, PC). In this thesis we introduce two combinatorial properties that formalize these ideas. We proposed algorithms that modify the output of any supertree methods such that it verifies these properties. Since no existing supertree method satisfies both PI and PC, we have developed two methods, PhySIC and PhySIC_IST, which directly build supertrees satisfying these properties. Since duplication events often result in the presence of several copies of the same genes in the species genomes, gene trees are usually multi-labeled, ie , a single species can label more than one leaf. Since no supertree method exists to combine multi-labeled trees, until now these gene trees were simply discarded in supertree analyses. In this thesis, we propose several algorithms to extract a maximum amount of speciation signal from multi-labeled trees and put it under the form of single-labeled trees which can be handled by supertree methods
Eskiizmirliler, Tevfik Selim. "Modélisation de la fusion des informations sensori-motrices dans les voies cérébelleuses : application à la prédiction des cinétoses dans les trains pendulaires et au contrôle d'un actionneur mû par des muscles pneumatiques." Paris, ENST, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ENST0047.
Full textGuiziou, Sarah. "Engineering framework for scalable recombinase logic operating in living cells." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTT026/document.
Full textA major goal of synthetic biology is to reprogram living organisms to solve pressing challenges in manufacturing, environmental remediation, or healthcare. While many types of genetic logic gates have been engineered, their scalability remains limited. Indeed, gate design remains largely a tedious process and relies either on human intuition or on brute-force computational methods. Additionally, designed circuits are usually large and therefore not straightforward to implement in living organisms.Here, I aimed at increasing the computation power of integrase-based logic circuits while permitting researchers to simply implement these circuits to a large range of organisms and of inputs.First, I developed a scalable composition framework for the systematic design of multicellular systems performing integrase-based Boolean and history-dependent logic and integrating an arbitrary number of inputs. I designed multicell Boolean logic circuits in Escherichia coli to up to 4 inputs and History-dependent circuits to 3 inputs. Due to its scalability and composability, this design framework permits a simple and straightforward implementation of logic circuits in multicellular systems.I also pushed forward the compaction of biological logic circuits. I generated a complete database of single-cell integrase-based logic circuits to obtain all possible designs for the implementation of up to 4-input Boolean functions. Characterization of a reduced set of circuits will have to be performed to prove the feasibility of the implementation of these circuits.All these design strategies can be implemented via easily accessible web interfaces, and open collections of biological components that are made available to the scientific community. These tools will enable researchers and engineers to reprogram cellular behavior for various applications in a streamlined manner
Pierret-Golbreich, Christine. "Vers un système à base de connaissances centrées-objet pour la modélisation de systèmes dynamiques en biologie." Compiègne, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988COMPD144.
Full textThis thesis comes within the framework of the multi-disciplinary field of artificial intelligence applied to automatic control and biology. It shows how the recent progress made in computer science, and particularly in artificial intelligence has led to the development of a new type of system for computer-aided modelling in biology. It describes the implementation of such a system's knowledge base which uses interdependent units called schemes, without any other type of representation unit. Notably no rules were needed because the knowledge bases management system has its own inference mechanisms. This research aims at demonstrating how a multi-expert base can be built in order to allow collaboration between several different fields of knowledge
Bizet, Martin. "Bioinformatic inference of a prognostic epigenetic signature of immunity in breast cancers." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/265092.
Full textEpigenetic alterations are increasingly recognised as an hallmark of cancers. In this thesis, we used a machine-learning-based approach to improve breast cancer patients’ classification using DNA methylation profiling with the long term aim to make treatment more personalised. The DNA methylation data were acquired using a high density DNA methylation array called Infinium. This technology is recent compared to expression arrays and its preprocessing is not yet standardised. So, the first part of this thesis was to evaluate the normalisation methods by comparing normalised data against other technologies (pyrosequencing and RRBS) for the two most recent Infinium arrays (450k and 850k).We also went deeper into the evaluation of these arrays by assessing their coverage of biologically relevant regions like promoters and enhancers. Then, we used accurately preprocessed Infinium data to develop a score, called MeTIL score, which shows prognostic and predictive value in breast cancers. We took advantage that DNA methylation can mirror the cell composition to extract a DNA methylation signature (i.e. a set of DNA methylation sites) that reflects presence of lymphocytes within the tumour. After an initial selection of lymphocyte-specific sites we developed a machine-learning-based framework which reduced the predictive set to an optimal size of five methylation sites making it potentially suitable to use in clinics. After conversion of this signature to a score, we showed its specificity to lymphocytes using external datasets and simulations. Then, we showed its ability predict response to chemotherapy and, finally, its prognostic value in independent breast cancer cohorts and even in other cancers.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Pouchoulin, Dominique. "Transfert de masse en hémodiafiltration sur membranes haute perméabilité." Compiègne, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988COMPD148.
Full textHaemodialysis with low permeability cellulose membrane is the basic treatment of renal insufficiency (purification by diffusion). The development of high permeability membranes and hemofiltration methods allows a more physiologic purification (by convection). Using the two processes, haemodiafiltration is the most efficient technique and the best for short dialysis (3 x 2 h/week). An analysis of the coupling between convection and diffusion is made to develop a one dimensional numerical model. The model is compared with in vitro results (water solutions). Modifications of the properties of a polysulfone membrane with protein adsorption are studied. All measures are made with hollow fibbers modules. The reliability of the results is warranted by the development of an automated testing bench : regulation of flows and pressures, on line photometric quantity determination, data acquisition, computed data treatment. Blood ultra filtration is studied with a one dimensional osmotic model using literature data. This model allows an analysis of retrofiltration phenomena and the optimisation of the geometry of a haemofilter. Limiting flow predictions are compared with gel model ones
Carlsson, Veronica. "Artificial intelligence in radiolarian fossil identification : taxonomic, biostratigraphic and evolutionary implications." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILR092.
Full textMicropaleontology is not only about studying the organisms themselves, rather understanding Earth's past environments, with applications ranging from biostratigraphy to paleoceanography as well as being able to study evolutionary changes within morphospecies in time and space. This field is facing numerous challenges, since the analysis of microfossils demands significant human effort and taxonomic expertise, often leading to inconsistencies in interpretations. This work focuses on the application of using Artificial Intelligence (AI), such as Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), for automatic image recognition of tropical Atlantic middle Eocene radiolarians. Large datasets have been constructed, in order to train different neural networks and our results show that the neural networks can automatically classify several different classes of radiolarians down to a species level, as well as in many cases being able to identify closely related species and even evolutionary transition morphotypes. It has also been able to correctly identify less broken or blurry radiolarians. It was also successfully applied to automatic image recognition for a biostratigraphic work, which in general could detect more general ages or highly precise bio events. This work includes the use of the classical neural network approaches for analysing visual context such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) but also includes the use of Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs), which is not as commonly used for automatic image recognition, as CNNs. SNNs resulted in almost or equal amount of accuracy obtained as for CNNs, just that the use is more computational efficient and takes up less memory. There have also been some comparisons using traditional morphometric analyses, such as Linear Discrimination Analysis (LDA), giving approximately the same kind of results. Our research not only aims to simplify and speed up the analysis process but also helps in increasing the accuracy and consistency of micropaleontological interpretations, which eventually, will contribute to the high-resolution studies in order to understand Earth's past history
Couderc, Yoni. "Dopaminergic modulation of the insular cortex in anxiety-related behaviors and emotional valence." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025BORD0017.
Full textAnxiety is an adaptive response of individuals exposed to a potentially threatening context. However, anxiety levels can be persistently high independently of the environment and become pathological. Although anxiety disorders represent the most prevalent psychiatric conditions - characterized by chronic high levels of anxiety and an attentional bias towards negative valence - the underlying neurobiology remains poorly understood. Numerous studies in humans and in preclinical models revealed the implication of different neuromodulators including serotonin, norepinephrine, but also dopamine. Imaging studies have shown that the insular cortex (or insula), particularly its anterior region, is hyperactivated in individuals with anxiety disorders in response to salient or negative stimuli. Although dopamine neurotransmission is known to regulate anxiety in humans and animal models, its specific regulatory effects on the anterior insula have remained largely unexplored.This PhD dissertation aims to investigate the role of dopamine transmission in the insular cortex in shaping anxiety and emotional valence in mice. Through a multifaceted approach, this research uncovered how dopamine modulates anterior insula function in anxiety and valence processing at three key levels of analysis. (1) First, we mapped the dopaminergic system of the insular cortex and revealed a high density of neurons expressing type-1 dopamine receptors (D1) in the insula, particularly important in the anterior insula, and seven times greater than the density of neurons expressing type-2 dopamine receptors (D2). Then, we found that pharmacological activation of D1 in the anterior insula is anxiogenic, suggesting a direct link between insular dopamine signaling and anxiety-related behaviors. (2) Using fiber-photometry, we identified that the amplitude of dopamine release onto D1+ neurons in the anterior insula while mice were in anxiogenic spaces or receiving mild foot shocks was both positively correlated with mice level of trait anxiety. (3) Finally, population dynamics and deep-learning analyses of anterior insula single-unit recordings uncovered distinct coding patterns of anxiety-provoking and safe environments, as well as tastants of positive and negative valence. Remarkably, systemic D1 activation, which heightens anxiety-related behaviors, dampens this coding dichotomy by increasing coding variability for protected spaces while increasing the coding specificity for anxiogenic spaces. Interestingly, the coding reliability of anxiogenic areas was positively correlated with mice level of trait anxiety, and we observed a trend towards a positive correlation between the coding reliability of a negative tastants, and mice level of anxiety.Altogether, our findings provide a new model of neural population coding of anxiety and emotional valence and unravel D1-dependent coding mechanisms in the mouse anterior insula
Pandi, Amir. "Synthetic Metabolic Circuits for Bioproduction, Biosensing and Biocomputation." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS331.
Full textSynthetic biology is the field of engineerable life science and technology to design-build-test novel biological systems through reprogramming the code of DNA. Synthetic biocircuits are sophisticated tools to reconstruct biological networks for medical, industrial, and environmental applications. This doctoral thesis focuses on the development of synthetic metabolic pathways designed by computer-aided tools integrated with the transcriptional regulatory layer enabling bioproduction, biosensing, and biocomputation in whole-cell and cell-free systems. The achievements of this doctoral thesis bring attention to new potentials of metabolic pathways in the development of synthetic biocircuits. The bioproduction-biosensing section of the thesis is to build a novel sensor for a rare sugar used to improve the catalytic activity of its producing enzyme in the whole-cell system (in vivo). This sensor was then implemented in a TX-TL cell-free system (in vitro) as a proof of concept of a repressor based biosensor to discover and optimize the behavior of repressor based biosensors in the cell-free system that suffer from low fold repression. The optimized cell-free biosensor was then used to monitor the enzymatic production of the rare sugar. The development of cell-free prokaryotic biosensors which are mostly relying on repressors enables faster and more efficient design-build-test cycle in metabolic pathways prototyping in cell-free systems. The biosensing application of the metabolic circuits for diagnosis is the implementation and optimization of cell-free metabolic transducers. The transducers are metabolic pathways composed of at least one enzyme catalyzing an undetectable metabolite to a transcriptional inducer, hence expanding the number of biologically detectable small molecules in cell-free systems. Finally, as a radical approach to perform biocomputation, metabolic circuits were applied to build metabolic adders and metabolic perceptrons. In whole-cell system, three metabolic transducers and a metabolic adder (multiple transducers receiving multiple input metabolites and transform them into a common metabolite) were built and characterized. By taking advantage of cell-free systems in rapid characterization, high tunability, and the possibility of using tightly controlled multiple DNA parts, multiple weighted transducers and metabolic adders were implemented. The integrated model trained on the experimental data enabled the designing of a metabolic perceptron for building four-input binary classifiers. The adders, perceptrons and classifiers can be applied in advanced applications such as multiplex detection/precision medicine and in the development of designer strains for metabolic engineering or smart therapeutics
Ecoffet, Paul. "Evolution of cooperation with partner choice in collective adaptive systems." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS091.
Full textThe evolution of cooperation is a paradox from an evolutionary point of view. Indeed, all individuals in the living world should be interested only in their own interests. Helping another individual is therefore a waste of time and resources. How can we explain that some individuals act in a cooperative way? This thesis focuses on the mechanism of reciprocity named partner choice that allows the evolution of cooperative behavior. However, the constraints necessary for the evolution of this mechanism are strong and rarely respected. This thesis aims at extending the knowledge of these constraints through simulations in complex and realistic environments. The first contribution of this thesis extends the pre-existing partner choice models by adding the constraint of resource availability in the environment. In this case, it is no longer only the population density, but also the wealth of the environment that influences partner choice. In our second contribution, we extend the results obtained by the aspatial models. We study the impact of spatial environments on the dynamics of cooperation with partner choice. Partner choice requires individuals to be able to learn from rare events. In our third contribution, we compare the reward sparsity tolerance of a reinforcement learning algorithm and an evolutionary strategy algorithm. Our work shows the immense difficulty that reinforcement learning algorithms have in developing partner choice, unlike evolutionary strategies
Le, Rochais Marion. "Cancer colorectal : apport pronostique de l’étude pathomique du microenvironnement tumoral. Focus sur les structures lymphoïdes tertiaires." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Brest, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BRES0044.
Full textColorectal cancer has become a major challenge for healthcare systems today due to its increasing prevalence and its impact on patients' quality of life. The anatomopathological analysis of colorectal cancer specimens, now enriched with molecular pathology data, is crucial for guiding patient treatment. However, despite advances in prognostic tools and treatments, interactions between tumor and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment are often not thoroughly evaluated in daily diagnostic practice. This thesis addresses the importance of studying the tumor microenvironment in colorectal cancer, particularly the need to better understand the role of residing structures, tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS). New techniques such as digital pathology and multiplex immunostaining offer perspectives for a more in-depth and accessible analysis of this microenvironment. Therefore, this thesis focused on characterizing TLS through multiplex imaging, developing pathomic analysis strategies, and exploring their clinical correlations to propose a clinically applicable score. This work aims to provide robust diagnostic and prognostic criteria, implementable in digitized pathology services to guide therapeutic decisions in colorectal cancer, thereby contributing to better patient management
Jalabert, Fabien. "Cartographie des connaissances : l'intégration et la visualisation au service de la biologie : application à l'ingénierie des connaissances et à l'analyse de données d'expression de gènes." Phd thesis, Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20172.
Full textLoiselle, Stéphane. "Traitement bio-inspiré de la parole pour système de reconnaissance vocale." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1952.
Full textSicard, Gilles. "DDe la biologie au silicium : une retine bio-inspiree analogique pour un capteur de vision "intelligent" adaptatif." Grenoble INPG, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPG0020.
Full textJalabert, Fabien. "Cartographie des connaissances : l'intégration et la visualisation au service de la biologie : application à l'ingénierie des connaissances et à l'analyse de données d'expression de gènes." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00207602.
Full textLodter, Christiane. "Intelligence artificielle en orthodontie (ODONTEL*)." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30206.
Full textNguyen, Hoai-Tuong. "Réseaux bayésiens et apprentissage ensembliste pour l'étude différentielle de réseaux de régulation génétique." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00675310.
Full textLales, Charles. "Modélisation gros grains et simulation multi-agents - Application à la membrane interne mitochondriale." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00452853.
Full textBessière, Christian. "Systèmes à contraintes évolutifs en intelligence artificielle." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20166.
Full textMachrouh, Joseph. "Perception attentive et vision en intelligence artificielle." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112301.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis deals with the development of software agents endowed with perceptive capacities. To provide such a system with exploratory capacities supposes the determination of interest points in the scene. In order to be able to move in the image, one will distinguish a low-resolution wide field processing and a high resolution focal processing. One thus separates the exploration phase associated to the search of interest points from the exploitation phase associated to recognition recognition. The selected points consist of energy maxima computed using wavelet filters covering a range of orientations and frequencies. The low frequencies are used to determine the peripheral saliency. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) projection system was computed from a representative sample of natural scenes. This system was used to categorize the interest points of an unspecified scene. The system thus can use several points of view to guide its attentionnal mechanisms. The energy of these interest points according to various orientations and space frequencies is then used to index them. We showed that the low frequency components of this indexed representation are sufficient to bias the saliency of the scene in favor of targets similar to the representations memorized. They are also sufficiently robust to preserve this property in a video sequence subject to strong contrast variations. We showed as well that interest points based on a multi-scale frequency analysis can be used to control exploratory saccades by using a bottom-up mechanism; the low frequency part of such a representation can be used to control the saccades required to attain the target in a top-down way
Cornu, Philippe. "Logiques et sciences cognitives en intelligence artificielle." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37604052k.
Full textHelft, Nicolas. "L'Induction en intelligence artificielle théorie et algorithmes /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376141929.
Full textAlliche, Abderrahmane Redha. "Contrôle du réseau cloud basé intelligence artificielle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ4022.
Full textThe exponential growth of Internet traffic in recent decades has prompted the emergence of Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) as a solution for managing high traffic volumes through data caching in cloud servers located near end-users. However, challenges persist, particularly for non-cacheable services, necessitating the use of cloud overlay networks. Due to a lack of knowledge about the underlay network, cloud overlay networks introduce complexities such as Triangle inequality violations (TIV) and dynamic traffic routing challenges.Leveraging the Software Defined Networks (SDN) paradigm, Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) techniques offer the possibility to exploit collected data to better adapt to network changes. Furthermore, the increase of cloud edge servers presents scalability challenges, motivating the exploration of Multi-Agent DRL (MA-DRL) solutions. Despite its suitability for the distributed packet routing problem in cloud overlay networks, MA-DRL faces non-addressed challenges such as the need for realistic network simulators, handling communication overhead, and addressing the multi-objective nature of the routing problem.This Ph.D. thesis delves into the realm of distributed Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning (MA-DRL) methods, specifically targeting the Distributed Packet Routing problem in cloud overlay networks. Throughout the thesis, we address these challenges by developing realistic network simulators, studying communication overhead in the non-overlay general setting, and proposing a distributed MA-DRL framework tailored to cloud overlay networks, focusing on communication overhead, convergence, and model stability
Guérin, Marianne Penit. "Intelligence artificielle et électrophysiologie sensorielle oculaire : Pantops PC." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CLF11037.
Full textEl, Alam Iyad. "Management des compétences : nouvelles technologies et intelligence artificielle." Aix-Marseille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX32077.
Full textThe study focuses on the systemic and mathematical modelisation of the skills adjustment problems, both in the classical approaches of operational research models and in new viewpoints stemming from neural networks and artificial intelligence. This modelisation is conducted within the framework of a decision support system of evaluation and skills match through the contribution of the modelisation of micro- and macro-competencies. The context of artificial intelligence will be that of multilayer neural networks, and of the so-called Fuzzy ART, with the aim of proposing a system which we have called CRMM (Competencies Research Matching Model). The system will be implemented in large-sized organizations in need of large numbers of personnel subject to frequent post changes. The assumption on which this study is based tends to demonstrate the possibility to improve the decision-making of human resources or operational managers through a better exploitation of competency-related data. This factor should obviously be placed at the core of new strategic problematics linked to competencies and training
Pouget, Jonathan. "La réparation du dommage impliquant une intelligence artificielle." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/191212_POUGET_871qcngtj900zlfid640gfeuf393zytl_TH.pdf.
Full textDo the current tort law and insurance law allow an adequate compensation for the damage caused, directly or indirectly, by anartificial intelligence? Firstly, this thesis demonstrates that tort law and insurance law need to be interprated. Secondly, it demonstrates that a part of tort law and insurance contracts have to evolve. The track of a legal personhood with supervised functions and attributable to artificial intelligences will also be studied for these purposes
Le, Gauffre Pascal. "Méthodologie de conception et intelligence artificielle en bâtiment." Lyon, INSA, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ISAL0045.
Full textResearch on Computer Aided Design requires a double conceptual base. On the one hand, we have to represent what is the design process, on the other hand we have to define the possible and desirable contributions of the computer in this design process. The works presented deal with Computer Aided Building Design and the contribution of Artificial Intelligence techniques. The first part of this report is dedicated to the study of conceptual bases for Computer Aided Building Design and refers to Information Processing System theory as well as to systems modelisation. The design process is regarded as a modelling activity and as a problem setting (and solving). Process. The contribution of Artificial Intelligence techniques is therefore considered for the representation of the different expert considerations on the building project and for the construction and the resolution of problems. In the second part of the report we present a prototype of an expert system, called DEDALE, dedicated to the four following tasks : 1- Modelisation of the building project, 2- Selection of a strategy for modifications, 3- Construction of a restricted multi criteria problem (according to the strategy), 4- Management of the resolution process. Finally, a third part is devoted to a presentation of an experiment of the DEDALE system, and to a presentation of future prospects of this tool and of the approach used to elaborate it
Helft, Nicolas. "L' Induction en intelligence artificielle : théorie et algorithmes." Aix-Marseille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX22044.
Full textDurand, Stéphane. "Représentation des points de vues multiples dans une situation d'urgence : une modélisation par organisations d'agents." Le Havre, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LEHA0005.
Full textImbert, Jean-Louis. "Simplification des systèmes de contraintes numériques linéaires." Aix-Marseille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX22022.
Full textVenturini, Gilles. "Apprentissage adaptatif et apprentissage supervise par algorithme genetique." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA112016.
Full textGinsburger, Kévin. "Modeling and simulation of the diffusion MRI signal from human brain white matter to decode its microstructure and produce an anatomic atlas at high fields (3T)." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS158/document.
Full textDiffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging of water in the brain has proven very useful to establish a cartography of brain connections. It is the only in vivo modality to study anatomical connectivity. A few years ago, it has been shown that diffusion MRI is also a unique tool to perform virtual biopsy of cerebral tissues. However, most of current analytical models (AxCaliber, ActiveAx, CHARMED) employed for the estimation of white matter microstructure rely upon a basic modeling of white matter, with axons represented by simple cylinders and extra-axonal diffusion assumed to be Gaussian. First, a more physically plausible analytical model of the human brain white matter accounting for the time-dependence of the diffusion process in the extra-axonal space was developed for Oscillating Gradient Spin Echo (OGSE) sequence signals. A decoding tool enabling to solve the inverse problem of estimating the parameters of the white matter microstructure from the OGSE-weighted diffusion MRI signal was designed using a robust optimization scheme for parameter estimation. Second, a Big Data approach was designed to further improve the brain microstructure decoding. All the simulation tools necessary to construct computational models of brain tissues were developed in the frame of this thesis. An algorithm creating realistic white matter tissue numerical phantoms based on a spherical meshing of cell shapes was designed, enabling to generate a massive amount of virtual voxels in a computationally efficient way thanks to a GPU-based implementation. An ultra-fast simulation tool of the water molecules diffusion process in those virtual voxels was designed, enabling to generate synthetic diffusion MRI signal for each virtual voxel. A dictionary of virtual voxels containing a huge set of geometrical configurations present in white matter was built. This dictionary contained virtual voxels with varying degrees of axonal beading, a swelling of the axonal membrane which occurs after strokes and other pathologies. The set of synthetic signals and associated geometrical configurations of the corresponding voxels was used as a training data set for a machine learning algorithm designed to decode white matter microstructure from the diffusion MRI signal and estimate the degree of axonal beading. This decoder showed encouraging regression results on unknown simulated data, showing the potential of the presented approach to characterize the microstructure of healthy and injured brain tissues in vivo. The microstructure decoding tools developed during this thesis will in particular be used to characterize white matter tissue microstructural parameters (axonal density, mean axonal diameter, glial density, mean glial cells diameter, microvascular density ) in short and long bundles. The simulation tools developed in the frame of this thesis will enable the construction of a probabilistic atlas of the white matter bundles microstructural parameters, using a mean propagator based diffeomorphic registration tool also designed in the frame of this thesis to register each individual
Pistilli, Giada. "Pour une éthique de l'intelligence artificielle conversationnelle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUL038.
Full textThis research aims to probe the ethical intricacies of conversational Artificial Intelligence (AI), specifically focusing on Large Language Models and conversational agents. This manuscript constructs a framework that melds empirical analysis with philosophical discourse. We aim to urgently advocate for a well-founded ethical structure for conversational AI, highlighting the necessity to involve all stakeholders, from developers to end-users. Firstly, we champion the integration of engineering and other scientific disciplines with philosophy, facilitating a more nuanced understanding of the ethical dimensions underpinning AI. This collaborative approach allows for a richer, more informed ethical discourse. Secondly, we advocate for the dynamic use of applied ethical frameworks as foundational guides for setting the initial objectives of an AI system. These frameworks serve as evolving tools that adapt to the ethical complexities encountered during development and deployment. Lastly, grounded in hands-on, interdisciplinary research, we make an argument for the prioritization of narrow, task-specific AI over Artificial General Intelligence, a stance that is based on the enhanced feasibility of ethical oversight and technical controllability.With this research, we aim to contribute to the literature on AI ethics, enriching the academic discourse in both philosophy and computer science
Buche, Cédric Tisseau Jacques. "Un système tutoriel intelligent et adaptatif pour l'apprentissage de compétences en environnement virtuel de formation." [s.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://tel.ccsd.cnrs.fr/docs/00/05/23/77/PDF/rapportThese_CedricBuche.pdf.
Full textKyriazopoulos, Constantinos Greussay Patrick. "Une méthodologie cellulaire et multi-agents de conception architecturale évolutionniste An evolutionary supported multi agent system methodology for computer aided cellular architectural design] /." Saint-Denis : Université de Paris 8, 2009. http://www.bu.univ-paris8.fr/consult.php?url_these=theses/KyriazopoulosThese.pdf.
Full textRibas, Santos Eduardo. "Contribution au diagnostic qualitatif des procédés en intelligence artificielle." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1996_RIBAS_SANTOS_E.pdf.
Full textTina, Yvan calvin. "Les théâtres artificiels : mise en scène, biotechnologie, intelligence artificielle." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/180316_TINA_197j265t589t189bgt_TH.pdf.
Full textThe use of artificial intelligence and biotechnology in art has led to a radical reformulation of theater as living performance. These technoscientific practices have displaced the subject of performance and produced various new discourses: In this study, I propose to make use of these discourses to expand the frame of theatricality to the realm of artificial life art. The displacements operated by means of theatricality in the artistic field are taking place both on the level of the artworks and the level of discourse. In light of such operations, we see the potential of transformation relying on the use of these materials in theatrical aesthetics, as well as the obstacles found in them. Taking place between the arts and the technosciences, the study proves that the theatricality of technological works relies on the artifice of language
Raddaoui, Badran. "Contributions aux approches logiques de l'argumentation en intelligence artificielle." Thesis, Artois, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ARTO0412/document.
Full textThis thesis focus on the field of argumentation models in artificial intelligence. These models form very popular tools to study reasoning under inconsistency in knowledge bases, negotiation between agents, and also in decision making. An argumentative model is an interactional process mainly based on the construction of arguments and counter-arguments, then studying the relations between these arguments, and finally the introduction of some criteria to identifying the status of each argument in order to select the (most) acceptable of them.In this context, this work was dealt with the study of a particular system: the deductive argumentation framework. An argument is then understood as a pair premises-conclusion such that conclusion is a logical formula entailed by premises, a non-ordered collection of logical formulas. We have addressed several issues. First of all, on the basis that reductio ad absurdum is valid in classical propositional logic, we propose a method to compute arguments for a given statement. This approach is extended to generate canonical undercuts, arguments identified as the representative of all counter-arguments. Contrary to the other approaches proposed in the literature, our technique is complete in the sense that all arguments relative to the statement at hand are generated and so are all relevant counter-arguments. Secondly, we proposed a logic based argumentation in conditional logic. Conditional logic is often regarded as an appealing setting for the formalization of hypothetical reasoning. Their conditional connective is often regarded as a very suitable connective to encode many implicative reasoning patterns real-life and attempts to avoid some pitfalls of material implication of propositional logic. This allows us to put in light and encompass a concept of conditional contrariety thats covers both usual inconsistency-based conflict and a specific form of conflict that often occurs in real-life argumentation: i.e., when an agent asserts an If then rule, it can be argued that the satisfaction of additional conditions are required for the conclusion of a rule to hold. Then, in that case we study the main foundational concepts of an argumentation theory in conditional logic. Finally, the last point investigated in this work concerns the reasoning about bounded resources, within a framework in which logical formulas are themselves consumed in the deductive process. First, a simple variant of Boolean logic is introduced, allowing us to reason about consuming resources. Then, the main concepts of logic-based argumentation are revisited in this framework
Guichard, Frédéric. "La réorganisation dynamique dans les systèmes multi-agents." Chambéry, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1996CHAMS031.
Full textJulen, Nathalie. "Eléments pour une université virtuelle en médecine : le projet CARDIOLAB." Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN1B063.
Full textBoucher, Jean-David. "Construction d'ontologie multimodale située." Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPG0129.
Full textThis thesis consists in realizing a program which allows a robot, via a fluid interaction with a user, to acquire new knowledge which can be reused. The adopted approach integrated the enaculation paradigm (autonomy, sense making, emergence, embodiment, subjective experience), intersubjective knowledge (or mutual knowledge), and the formalism of statistical models of induction. By programming by demonstration (PbD) and a kinaesthetic teaching, the user handles the robot and can teach it behavior (movements of legs, head etc. ) which can be synchronous or parallel, cyclic or acyclic. So, with a minimum of a priori structure, the system allows the emergence of symbols from the segmentation and the detection of regularities in streams of continuous sensori-motor data. Symbols or behaviors which the user labels and can be reused in future interactions
Benhamou, Philippe. "Contribution au développement du générateur de systèmes experts Alouette : une application en gestion des ressources humaines, MIRIAM." Paris 9, 1988. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1988PA090028.
Full textAlouette is an expert system building tool. It's working in forward chaining with a knowledge representation based on production rules in first order logic and semantical networks. First, we describe the knowledge representation language and the associed tools. Then, we show the data structures and the main algorithms used for unification. The second part of this report concerns the main expert systems built with Alouette. Amoung them, Miriam, expert system in human ressources management, graps the statitical facts relative to an enterprise and offers diverse services : a diagnostic gives a profile of the management style, a simulation program based on chaining procedures, the outline of a middle term plan
Rougegrez-Loriette, Sophie. "Prediction de processus a partir de comportements observes : le systeme rebecas." Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066690.
Full textVentos, Véronique. "C-classic## : Une logique de descriptions pour la définition et l'apprentissage de concepts avec défauts et exceptions." Paris 13, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA132007.
Full textPerrussel, Laurent. "Un outillage logique pour l'ingenierie des exigences multi-points de vue." Toulouse 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOU30020.
Full textCollain, Emmanuel, and Jean-Marc Fovet. "Apprentissage de plans de résolution pour améliorer l'efficacité des chainages avant des systèmes à base de règles." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066446.
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