Relevant bibliographies by topics / Intensification processes

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  3. Books
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Academic literature on the topic 'Intensification processes'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 May 2022
Last updated: 18 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Intensification processes"

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Wankat, Phillip C. "Intensification of sorption processes." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 26, no. 8 (1987): 1579–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie00068a014.

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Romanova, Zoriana M., Serhii M. Loiko, Mykola S. Romanov, Ludmila O. Kosogolova, and Mikhail D. Khlynovskiy. "Intensification of High-Quality Brewing Processes." International Journal of Agricultural Extension 9, no. 4 (2021): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/ijae.009.00.3720.

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Brewing is a complex process that involves many stages and successive operations. The issues of intensifying the brewing processes are of great importance in improving the ways to obtain a high-quality finished beer product and maintain high standards of its quality in the future. The relevance of the subject matter is conditioned by the stable demand for high-quality beer products in society and the urgent need to create effective technologies for the production of high-quality beer, taking into account the introduction of the latest technologies for the intensification of brewing processes. The purpose of the study is to determine the main factors that are important from the standpoint of intensifying the processes of quality brewing, in the context of assessing the prospects for their subsequent consideration when planning the beer production processes. The leading approach of this study is a combination of a systematic analysis of the peculiarities of brewing processes in the context of searching for opportunities for its intensification, with an analytical study of real options for intensifying the brewing processes, from the standpoint of maintaining high-quality standards of finished beer and increasing the overall production rate. The main results obtained in the course of this study should be considered the substantiation of the main factors of the brewing processes intensification in the context of creating a mathematical model for calculating the possibilities of its implementation in the activities of breweries to increase the rate of brewing high-quality beer. The prospects for further research are determined by the preservation of a stable demand for high-quality beer products, combined with an increase in the need to intensify the processes of its production, in accordance with the set standards for the quality of beer production.
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Savitska, O. Р., O. M. Shchur, and N. V. Savitska. "Intensification of Investment Processes in Ukraine." Business Inform 10, no. 501 (2019): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2019-10-69-77.

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Sharifullin, V. N., and A. V. Sharifullin. "Intensification of evaporation processes using surfactants." Thermal Engineering 62, no. 6 (2015): 438–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0040601515030118.

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Kovaleva, Olga, Dmitry Vinogradov, Oleg Ilyasov, and Guladi Gogmachadze. "Intensification of environmental wastewater treatment processes." АгроЭкоИнфо 6, no. 66 (2024): 47. https://doi.org/10.51419/202146647.

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The development of processing enterprises, their low technological level, as well as the shortcomings of the regulatory framework are the reasons for the violation of the ecological balance of natural ecosystems. Wastewater from the dairy processing industry is contaminated with easily decomposable organic substances that can cause great damage to water bodies. Existing wastewater treatment technologies are extremely energy-intensive due to the shortcomings of the analysis of the composition of liquid media, which can reveal an excess of maximum permissible concentrations of no more than ten percent of the total amount of standardized pollutants. This paper provides information on the assessment of a biotechnological solution for the intensification of wastewater treatment processes in the filtration fields of a milk processing plant, as well as an assessment of the level of their pollution. Information is presented on the results of purification and its ability to reduce the concentrations of pollutants in the filtration fields: by suspended matter by 17 times, by mass concentration of fats by 17 times, by BOD5 by 45 times, by COD by 10 times. In addition, the use of this method allows to significantly reduce the intensity of the smell, which may indirectly indicate a decrease in the release of toxic gases (ammonia, hydrogen sulfide) from the waste liquid. Keywords: POLLUTANTS, FILTERING FIELDS, LOCAL CLEANING, WASTE WATER, PROBIOTIC DRUG
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Borodin, Konstantin Grigorevich, Elena IUrevna Frolova, and Elena Aleksandrovna Zadorozhnaia. "INTENSIFICATION OF INVESTMENT PROCESSES IN FARMS." Экономика сельского хозяйства России, no. 9 (September 1, 2024): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.32651/249-57.

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Sorin, Mikhail, and Fernand Rheault. "Thermodynamically guided intensification of separation processes." Applied Thermal Engineering 27, no. 7 (2007): 1191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2006.02.043.

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Rota, Renato, and Phillip C. Wankat. "Intensification of pressure swing adsorption processes." AIChE Journal 36, no. 9 (1990): 1299–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360903.

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Sirkar, Kamalesh K., Anthony G. Fane, Rong Wang, and S. Ranil Wickramasinghe. "Process intensification with selected membrane processes." Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification 87 (January 2015): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2014.10.018.

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Li, Tian-Tian, Lian-Fang Feng, Xue-Ping Gu, Cai-Liang Zhang, Pan Wang, and Guo-Hua Hu. "Intensification of Polymerization Processes by Reactive Extrusion." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 60, no. 7 (2021): 2791–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.0c05078.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Intensification processes"

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Klaus, Stephanie Anne. "Intensification of Biological Nutrient Removal Processes." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103073.

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Intensification refers to utilizing wastewater treatment processes that decrease chemical and energy demands, increase energy recovery, and reduce the process footprint (or increased capacity in an existing footprint) all while providing the same level of nutrient removal as traditional methods. Shortcut nitrogen removal processes; including nitrite shunt, partial nitritation/anammox, and partial denitrification/anammox, as well as low-carbon biological phosphorus removal, were critically-evaluated in this study with an overall objective of intensification of existing infrastructure. At the beginning of this study, granular sidestream deammonification was becoming well-established in Europe, but there was virtually no experience with startup or operation of these processes in North America. The experience gained from optimization of the sidestream deammonification moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) in this study, including the novel pH-based aeration control strategy, has influenced the startup procedure and operation of subsequent full-scale installations in the United States and around the world. Long startup time remains a barrier to the implementation of sidestream deammonification processes, but this study was the first to show the benefits of utilizing media with an existing nitrifying biofilm to speed up anammox bacteria colonization. Utilizing media with an established biofilm from a mature integrated fixed film activated sludge (IFAS) process resulted in at least five times greater anammox activity rates in one month than virgin media without a preliminary biofilm. This concept has not been testing yet in a full-scale startup, but has the potential to drastically reduce startup time. False dissolved oxygen readings were observed in batch scale denitrification tests, and it was determined that nitric oxide was interfering with optical DO sensors, a problem of which the sensor manufacturers were not aware. This led to at least one sensor manufacturer reevaluating their sensor design and several laboratories and full-scale process installations were able to understand their observed false DO readings. There is an industry-wide trend to utilize influent carbon more efficiently and realize the benefits of mainstream shortcut nitrogen removal. The A/B pilot at the HRSD Chesapeake Elizabeth Treatment provides a unique chance to study these strategies in a continuous flow system with real wastewater. For the first time, it was demonstrated that the presence of influent particulate COD can lead to higher competition for nitrite by heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria, resulting in nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) out-selection. TIN removal was affected by both the type and amount of influent COD, with particulate COD (pCOD) having a stronger influence than soluble COD (sCOD). Based on these findings, an innovative approach to achieving energy efficient biological nitrogen removal was suggested, in which influent carbon fractions are tailored to control specific ammonia and nitrite oxidation rates and thereby achieve energy efficiency in the nitrogen removal goals downstream. Intermittent and continuous aeration strategies were explored for more conventional BNR processes. The effect of influent carbon fractionation on TIN removal was again considered, this time in the context of simultaneous nitrification/denitrification during continuous aeration. It was concluded that intermittent aeration was able to achieve equal or higher TIN removal than continuous aeration at shorter SRTs, whether or not the goal is nitrite shunt. It is sometimes assumed that converting to continuous aeration ammonia-based aeration control (ABAC) or ammonia vs. NOx (AvN) control will result in an additional nitrogen removal simply by reducing the DO setpoint resulting in simultaneous nitrification/denitrification (SND). This work demonstrated that lower DO did not always improve TIN removal and most importantly that aeration control alone cannot guarantee SND. It was concluded that although lower DO is necessary to achieve SND, there also needs to be sufficient carbon available for denitrification. While the implementation of full-scale sidestream anammox happened rather quickly, the implementation of anammox in the mainstream has not followed, without any known full-scale implementations. This is almost certainly because maintaining reliable mainstream NOB out-selection seems to be an insurmountable obstacle to full-scale implementation. Partial denitrification/anammox was proven to be easier to maintain than partial nitritation/anammox and still provides significant aeration and carbon savings compared to traditional nitrification/denitrification. There is a long-standing interest in combining shortcut nitrogen removal with biological phosphorus removal, without much success. In this study, biological phosphorus removal was achieved in an A/B process with A-stage WAS fermentation and shortcut nitrogen removal in B-stage via partial denitrification.<br>Doctor of Philosophy<br>When the activated sludge process was first implemented at the beginning of the 20th century, the goal was mainly oxygen demand reduction. In the past few decades, treatment goals have expanded to include nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) removal, in response to regulations protecting receiving bodies of water. The only practical way to remove nitrogen in municipal wastewater is via biological treatment, utilizing bacteria, and sometimes archaea, to convert the influent ammonium to dinitrogen gas. Orthophosphate on the other hand can either be removed via chemical precipitation using metal salts or by conversion to and storage of polyphosphate by polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAO) and then removed in the waste sludge. Nitrification/denitrification and chemical phosphorus removal are well-established practices but utilize more resources than processes without nutrient removal in the form of chemical addition (alkalinity for nitrification, external carbon for denitrification, and metal salts for chemical phosphorus removal), increased reactor volume, and increased aeration energy. Intensification refers to utilizing wastewater treatment processes that decrease chemical and energy demands, increase energy recovery, and reduce the process footprint (or increased capacity in an existing footprint) all while providing the same level of nutrient removal as traditional methods. Shortcut nitrogen removal processes; including nitrite shunt, partial nitritation/anammox, and partial denitrification/anammox, as well as low-carbon biological phosphorus removal, were critically-evaluated in this study with an overall objective of intensification of existing infrastructure. Partial nitritation/anammox is a relatively new technology that has been implemented in many full-scale sidestream processes with high ammonia concentrations, but that has proven difficult in more dilute mainstream conditions due to the difficulty in suppressing nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB). Even more challenging is integrating biological phosphorus removal with shortcut nitrogen removal, because biological phosphorus removal requires the readily biodegradable carbon that is diverted. Partial denitrification/anammox provides a viable alternation to partial nitritation/anammox, which may be better suited for integration with biological phosphorus removal.
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Noor, Zainura Zainon. "Intensification of separation processes using functionalised polyhipe polymers." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430347.

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Fenton, Lewis Michael. "Intensification of industrial processes : auto-tandem and molecular weight enlarged catalysis." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28981.

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The chemical industry is an essential part of modern society and therefore has a responsibility to develop solutions for the problems facing it. A major problem is continuing to match the material demands of a growing global population whilst simultaneously decreasing the consumption of finite natural resources and limiting the emissions of greenhouse gasses. An optimised catalytic system that shortens, or intensifies, the process chain for the production of chemicals can be an effective solution to this challenge. Auto-tandem catalysis is where a single metal-ligand complex facilitates two or more sequential transformations. For example: alkenes are hydroformylated into aldehydes which are then hydrogenated into alcohols. The alcohols have use as plasticisers or surfactants for metal extraction. A previously reported auto-tandem catalysis system was shown to be capable of sequential hydroformylation-hydrogenation of 1-octene to nonanol. It consisted of the neutral rhodium precursor [Rh(acac)(CO)2] and the bidentate ligand xantphos in 10% iPrOH/H2O co-solvent at temperatures of 160°C. Investigations, reported in this thesis, revealed that xantphos type ligands, with their large bite-angle, and high temperatures are required to generate the hydrogenation activity. However, in contrast to the previous system, water is not necessary; with the same results produced in toluene:iPrOH solutions and water:iPrOH solutions. It is proposed that the iPrOH or H2O has a direct influence in the catalytic cycle, either as a hydrogen-shuttle or generates a cationic rhodium species, known to be active in hydrogenation. High temperature NMR studies show the standard resting state of the hydroformylation catalyst is still predominant at high temperatures therefore the proposed catalytic cycle starts from this step. A recurring problem in the industrial process chain is the separation of the catalyst from the final products. Combing a TiO2 ceramic membrane with a POSS (polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane) modified tin catalyst and phosphonium iodide co-catalyst, for the coupling of epoxides and CO2 to make cyclic carbonates, was investigated. The catalyst system showed good substrate compatibility for a range of epoxides. In a prototype membrane set-up the system demonstrated a long catalyst life time, however significant leaching was also observed.
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Donovan, P. J. R. "Investigation into utilisation of membrane bioreactors for intensification of cider maturation processes." Thesis, Swansea University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.636461.

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The aim of this PhD study was to investigate the utility of membrane bioreactors (MBR) for intensifying maturation processes within alcoholic beverages, particularly cider. This has been achieved by investigations into four main areas of research: 1) Selection and optimisation of the biocatalyst; 2) Selection and construction of a suitable membrane and membrane bioreactor; 3) Optimisation of the reactor configuration and operation; 4) Rapid production of two quality cider products. Two cider products were successfully produced. The first as blended to the Scrumpy Jack recipe and was made from an all bittersweet concentration fermentation. This product was very full flavoured and was believed to be an example of a flavour concentrate which could be blended with unmatured cider either in the UK or overseas to give a product with a perceived traditional English bittersweet cider flavour. The second cider was blended to the Strongbow recipe and was a general base cider taken from the full scale plant at the end of the alcoholic fermentation and matured in the membrane bioreactor, 1 hour contact time. This product was indistinguishable from the full scale factory product which is matured for an average of 30 days. These studies provide a basis for developing strategies for rapid maturation of cider using MBR. Future work for further optimisation of the MBR operation with real cider are discussed. MBR maturation remains to be compared with other rapid maturation systems for economic viability.
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LIEVORE, GIULIO. "Intensification of purification processes in the production of oligonucleotide and peptide therapeutics." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2023. https://hdl.handle.net/11392/2504900.

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Nel corso degli ultimi decenni si è assistito ad un crescente ricorso ai composti biofarmaceutici quali agenti terapeutici. In tale famiglia rientrano diverse biomolecole, quali ad esempio peptidi, oligonucleotidi e anticorpi monoclonali. Attraverso l’utilizzo di tali molecole è stato possibile contrastare in modo specifico determinate condizioni patologiche, migliorando i correnti protocolli terapeutici, e talvolta portando soluzioni a problematiche irrisolte. Lo sviluppo di agenti bioterapeutici richiede la padronanza di diverse discipline, dalla biotecnologia all’ingegneria chimica, e notevoli investimenti finanziari, spesso non paragonabili a quelli richiesti per lo sviluppo di agenti farmaceutiche di sintesi (small molecule), protagonisti dell’industria farmaceutica del secolo scorso. La constante crescita nella domanda di tali prodotti e il susseguirsi delle scadenze dei brevetti dei primi prodotti biotecnologici, ha messo in moto un importante fase di cambiamento e ristrutturazione all’interno delle industrie biofarmaceutiche e CDMO. Gli attuali processi di produzione, siano essi di sintesi o di purificazione, sono ultimati in batch mode, ovvero tramite una discretizzazione delle operazioni e la conseguente ripetizione di medesimi step in serie. Tale modus operandi risulta poco produttivo e, nel più delle volte, è alla base di un non ottimale uso delle risorse e di una ridotta redditività. Per far fronte a tali problematiche l’industria biofarmaceutica ha iniziato una transizione verso processi di produzione continua e di integrazione degli step di sintesi e purificazione, mirando all’implementazione di strategie di manufacturing end-to-end. Nei processi di sintesi a larga scala (upstream) il progresso tecnologico ha già determinato la nascita di tecnologie a maggior resa e produttività che hanno permesso una automazione dei processi e un incremento dei titoli finali nei processi di perfusione biologica e sintesi chimica. Tuttavia, tale progresso non si è parallelamente verificato negli step di purificazione, tuttora condotti tramite tecnologie caratterizzate da limitato rendimento e scarsa flessibilità. Infatti, nell’ambiente del biomanufacturing le fasi di downstream sono spesso risultate il collo di bottiglia della filiera, incapaci di processare efficacemente le consistenti quantità di crudi di sintesi e, in fine, responsabili della maggior parte dei costi. Scopo di questo percorso di dottorato è stata l’investigazione di differenti ed innovativi approcci all’interno del settore della scienza delle separazioni, capaci di intensificare i processi di downstream e polishing applicati a differenti classi di biomolecole, in particolar modo polipeptidi ed oligonucleotidi. In primis, innovative resine stazionarie sono state investigate in modo da implementare i valori di resa e produttività dei processi batch e gli attributi di qualità degli eluati del processo cromatografico. In secondo luogo, differenti tecnologie di cromatografia continua multi-colonna sono state investigate, traslando metodiche batch a continue per più molecole, al fine di ottimizzare gli output dei singoli casi industriali e contestualmente di automatizzare il processo in esame. Infine, nuove metodologie di cromatografia continua sono state applicate ed esaminate col fine di intensificare le tecnologie analitiche applicate al processo produttivo (PAT).<br>Over the past decades, we have witnessed an increase in the deployment of biopharmaceutical compounds as therapeutics agents. The term biopharmaceutical refers to several biomolecules, such as peptides, oligonucleotides, and monoclonal antibodies. Through the utilization of these molecules, it was possible to target more specifically determined pathological conditions, often increasing the efficacy and safety of current therapeutic protocols. At times, delivering solutions to unmet medical needs. The development of biotherapeutic agents requires command of multiple disciplines, ranging from biotechnology to chemical engineering, in addition to remarkable financial investments. The steady growth of such products request and the progressive expiration of patents, set in motion an important phase of change and renovation among biopharmaceutical industries and CDMOs. Most of the current manufacturing process, both in the synthetic and purification fields, are carried out via batch mode, i.e., by discretizing the operations accordingly operating identical steps repetitively. Such an approach appears only partially productive and, most of the times, is the main route of a sub-optimal resource utilization and reduced profitability. In order to tackle such issues, the biopharmaceutical industry has begun a transition towards continuous manufacturing processes and end-to-end integration. In the large-scale upstream processes, the technological progress has already determined the flourishing of new automatic technologies able to deliver higher throughputs and productivities. In particular, the main outcome of such innovations is the increase of the final titer obtained in the biological perfusions processes and in the chemical synthesis. On the other hand, such process has not grown parallelly for the downstream steps, still implemented via technologies characterized by limited throughput and reduced flexibility. Indeed, purifications procedures are often described as the bottleneck of biomanufacturing, incapable of effectively processing the considerable amount of synthetical crude materials and, in the end, responsible for the larger portion of costs. Aim of this doctoral thesis, was the investigation of several cutting-edge approaches in the separation science field, able to intensify and boost the downstream processes when applied to different biomolecules, mainly peptides and oligonucleotides. Initially, innovative stationary resins were investigated to implement yield and productivity of batch processes besides chromatographic processes eluate´s quality attributes. In second place, we scaled several cases of industrial batch chromatography protocols to twin column continuous operations in order to optimize the process outcomes and contextually achieve automatization. Eventually, twin-column continuous chromatography was used as a tool to accelerate the chromatographic isolation and concentration of product-related impurities. This elucidates its chances in boosting not only the manufacturing processes, but also the related process analytical technology (PAT).
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Feng, Ruili. "Synthesis and evaluation of pharmaceutical and fine chemicals processes for intensification and sustainability benefits." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/4125.

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In the face of global competition and tighter safety and environmental regulations, the pharmaceutical industry is exploring new areas and technologies that could potentially bring about step change in process performance. Process intensification has the potential to improve early development by introducing new process options, which are capable of achieving green and sustainable benefits in production. In this thesis, the objective is to demonstrate the synthesis and evaluation of pharmaceutical processes for intensification and sustainability benefits. This is illustrated with two main processes - the amidation process and the ortho-lithiation process. Based on the experiences gained at the end of the case studies, a general framework that summarizes the approach to Process Intensification (PI) for pharmaceutical processes is developed. Firstly, the amidation process has been successfully intensified with the implementation of a number of PI options, which are proven feasible in lab-scale experiments. These options are represented in terms of three intensified cases - the intensified batch case, the continuous reaction case and the continuous process case, are compared to the batch base case. To compare their sustainability performance, the respective plants are designed at a hypothetical throughput of 3 tons per year. Overall, the intensified batch case provided the most benefits, with cost savings of up to 40%, and more than 70% improvements in total material efficiency and E-factor compared to the batch base case. This also indicates that batch mode operation in this particular process is more suitable than continuous mode. The second case study on the ortho-lithiation process consists of three parts. The first part investigates ortho-lithiation reaction in continuous flow reactors at ambient temperature. The findings demonstrated that the highest reaction yield of 99% was obtained in a T-reactor as a result of short residence time and good mixing. The Spinning Disc Reactor (SDR) also showed distinct advantage in handling this reaction with mild solid precipitation. The second part focuses on the comparison of the T-reactor, the SDR and the Stirred Tank Reactor (STR) based on the sustainability metrics. The results showed that the T-reactor process achieved 66% and 11% reduction in energy consumption and operating expenditure respectively as compared to the STR process. The last part of the ortho-lithiation process focuses on the study of the whole process including workup. To avoid dealing with inefficient separation process, consecutive reaction has been attempted by avoiding the isolation of ortho-lithiation crude product and directly transferring it into the next reactor for subsequent reaction. This is experimentally proven feasible and resulted in a greener process.
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Bhatelia, Tejas Jagdish. "Novel reactors for multiphase processes." Thesis, Curtin University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2418.

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Process intensification tools, such as the capillary reactor, offer several benefits to the chemical process industries due to the well-defined high specific interfacial area available for heat and mass transfer, which increases the transfer rates, and due to low inventories, they also enhance the safety of the process. This has provided motivation to investigate three such tools, namely the capillary microreactor, spinning disc and rotating tube reactors, in this study.The gas-liquid slug flow capillary microreactor intensifies reactor performance through internal circulation caused by the shear between the continuous phase/wall surface and the slug axis, which enhances the diffusivity and consequently increases the reaction rates. However, integrating the complex hydrodynamics of this reactor with its chemical kinetics is a mathematically challenging task. Therefore, in this study, a simple-to-complex approach, using a set of state-of-the-art computational fluid dynamic tools, has been used. Firstly, simulations were performed without any chemical reaction to ascertain the extent of slug flow regime. The model also clearly captured the slug flow generation mechanism which can be used to structurally optimize the angle of entry in these reactors. Finally, the hydrodynamic model was also capable of estimating the pressure drop and slug lengths. After successfully simulating the hydrodynamics of the system, a reaction model was incorporated to study the chemical reaction kinetics. The results were compared with the published experimental work and were found to be in good agreement.The spinning disc reactor utilizes the centrifugal and shear forces to generate thin liquid films characterized with intense interfering waves. This enables a very high heat transfer coefficients to be realized between the disc and liquid, as well as very high mass transfer between the liquid and the bulk gas phase. The waves formed also produce an intense local mixing with very little back mixing. This makes a spinning disc reactor an ideal contactor for multiphase processes. The focus of this study has been to elucidate the hydrodynamic behaviour of the liquid film flow over the horizontal spinning disc. Investigations were also performed to elaborate the local and overall hydrodynamic characteristics of a fully developed spinning disc reactor. Simulation results showed a continuous linear liquid film on the horizontal spinning disc and intense mixing performance in the annulus of the reactor around the disc surface. Finally, the film thickness data from the simulations were compared with the limited amount of data available for this novel process.Rotating tube reactor also uses centrifugal forces to generate the liquid film and a high degree of mixing along with an improved control over the reactant retention times. In this work we have conducted a CFD analysis to understand the hydrodynamics of this new technology for future developments.
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Bhatelia, Tejas Jagdish. "Novel reactors for multiphase processes." Curtin University of Technology, Science and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, 2009. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=129027.

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Process intensification tools, such as the capillary reactor, offer several benefits to the chemical process industries due to the well-defined high specific interfacial area available for heat and mass transfer, which increases the transfer rates, and due to low inventories, they also enhance the safety of the process. This has provided motivation to investigate three such tools, namely the capillary microreactor, spinning disc and rotating tube reactors, in this study.<br>The gas-liquid slug flow capillary microreactor intensifies reactor performance through internal circulation caused by the shear between the continuous phase/wall surface and the slug axis, which enhances the diffusivity and consequently increases the reaction rates. However, integrating the complex hydrodynamics of this reactor with its chemical kinetics is a mathematically challenging task. Therefore, in this study, a simple-to-complex approach, using a set of state-of-the-art computational fluid dynamic tools, has been used. Firstly, simulations were performed without any chemical reaction to ascertain the extent of slug flow regime. The model also clearly captured the slug flow generation mechanism which can be used to structurally optimize the angle of entry in these reactors. Finally, the hydrodynamic model was also capable of estimating the pressure drop and slug lengths. After successfully simulating the hydrodynamics of the system, a reaction model was incorporated to study the chemical reaction kinetics. The results were compared with the published experimental work and were found to be in good agreement.<br>The spinning disc reactor utilizes the centrifugal and shear forces to generate thin liquid films characterized with intense interfering waves. This enables a very high heat transfer coefficients to be realized between the disc and liquid, as well as very high mass transfer between the liquid and the bulk gas phase. The waves formed also produce an intense local mixing with very little back mixing. This makes a spinning disc reactor an ideal contactor for multiphase processes. The focus of this study has been to elucidate the hydrodynamic behaviour of the liquid film flow over the horizontal spinning disc. Investigations were also performed to elaborate the local and overall hydrodynamic characteristics of a fully developed spinning disc reactor. Simulation results showed a continuous linear liquid film on the horizontal spinning disc and intense mixing performance in the annulus of the reactor around the disc surface. Finally, the film thickness data from the simulations were compared with the limited amount of data available for this novel process.<br>Rotating tube reactor also uses centrifugal forces to generate the liquid film and a high degree of mixing along with an improved control over the reactant retention times. In this work we have conducted a CFD analysis to understand the hydrodynamics of this new technology for future developments.
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Cartwright, Craig David. "Bioprocess intensification : a study of rotating packed bed porous mesh impellers for enhancement of aerobic fermentation processes." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1312.

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Oxygen transfer can be a rate limiting factor in aerobic fermentation systems. If oxygen concentration becomes insufficient productivity will decrease and the culture will ultimately die. Novel reactor technology such as the Rotating Packed Bed Reactor (RPB) may overcome this traditional limitation. The exploitation of high centripetal forces and highly porous packing material in the RPB in gas-liquid processes is proposed to enhance oxygen transfer by production of fine bubbles. The aim of the enhancement is to ensure that the Dissolved Oxygen (DO) concentration exceeds the demand of the microbial culture utilised. The purpose of the thesis is the development and characterisation of a new HiGEE Bioreactor (HBR) for application to fermentation systems. The work was undertaken in three stages. Initial experiments focused on the mass transfer characterisation of several porous packings intended for use in the HBR. The performance of the packings was evaluated by measuring their oxygen transfer capability, power input and air bubble size produced when employed as impellers in a conventional gas-liquid stirred tank reactor (STR). It was observed that the 11 cm stainless steel Knitted Wire mesh impeller (at a fixed airflow rate of 1.0 vvm, and agitation rate of 400 rpm) produced a KLa value of 0.0312 s-1 compared to KLa of 0.0334 s-1 for the double Rushton turbine at an agitation rate of 1000 rpm and aeration rate of 1.0 vvm but with a significant decrease of about 7000 W m-3 in power. Similarly in the bubble experiments performed, the 11 cm knitted wire impeller could produce bubble diameters as low as 0.15 cm compared to 0.28 cm for the Rushton impeller. Two fermentation systems studied (oxygen transfer optimisation with Escherichia coli K12, and product optimisation with Pseudomonas putida KT2442) further demonstrated that the knitted wire mesh packing could produce a higher biomass concentration due to the enhanced oxygen transfer rate. In the final set of experiments a new HBR was designed and commissioned. A set of hydrodynamic experiments focused on the flooding conditions and bubble sizes produced within the reactor. For both experiments the packing had a profound influence on the results, producing a very fine bubble diameter of 0.361 mm at 1200 rpm with packing compared to 2.50 mm at 1200 rpm without packing whilst also allowing higher throughputs of liquid and gas before flooding occurred. A series of transfer studies also illustrated the effect of packing, with a KLa value of 0.0025 s-1 (no packing) and 0.0030 s-1 (with packing) achieved for an experiment at 1200 rpm. The RPB was then tested to be utilised as a bioreactor by studying the fermentation of P.putida KT2442 to produce polyhydroxyalkonates (PHA).
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Patil, Rahul. "Membrane Processes for Sustainable Energy Applications." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1353077392.

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Books on the topic "Intensification processes"

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Górak, Andrzej, and Andrzej Stankiewicz, eds. Intensification of Biobased Processes. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788010320.

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Diguet, S. Intensification of wet air oxidation processes. UMIST, 1993.

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Office, Energy Efficiency. Process intensification: Its potential in effluent treatment processes. Department of the Environment, 1994.

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Young, Andrew, David Lindenmayer, and Saul Cunningham. Land use intensification: Effects on agriculture, biodiversity and ecological processes. CSIRO Pub., 2012.

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Ksenofontov, Boris. Wastewater treatment: new flotation models and flotation combines of the KBS type and special purpose. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1230211.

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In this monograph, for the first time in the world literature, the multi-stage and generalized flotation models proposed by the author more than thirty years ago are considered in a broad aspect. The possibilities of their use in various areas of flotation water purification, precipitation thickening and mineral processing are shown. Issues related to new flotation equipment in the form of flotation combines of the KBS type and special purpose, developed on the basis of multi-stage and generalized models of the flotation process, are widely covered. The prospects and ways of intensification of flotation processes of water purification are indicated.&#x0D; For a wide range of readers, including researchers, university teachers, postgraduates, masters, bachelors and undergraduates.
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Ksenofontov, Boris. FLOTATION MULTISTAGE AND GENERALIZED MODELS OF THE PROCESS HARVESTERS OF KSENOFONTOV TYPE AND FOR SPECIAL PURPOSE. Academus Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/0022-8.

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A multistage and generalised flotation model, suggested more than 30 years ago by the author, is considered in a wide aspect for the first time in world literature for reader’s attention in monography. The possibilities of its usage are shown in different directions of water flotation purification, sediment thickening and enrichment of minerals. We have shed a light widely on matters concerning new flotation equipment as flotation harvesters of KBS type and for special purposes, which are developed on the basis of flotation process multistage and generalized models. Perspectives and intensification ways of water purification flotation processes are pointed out.&#x0D; It is suggested for a wide range of readers, including researches, Higher education teachers, PhD students, Masters and Bachelors, Graduate students.
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Nazarov, Vyacheslav, Roman Sandu, and Dmitriy Makarenkov. Technique and technology of combined processing of solid waste. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/996365.

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The educational manual provides information about industrial and domestic waste. The properties of the lithosphere and the soil components. The estimation of soil pollution by industrial and household waste. The peculiarities of classification of wastes and provides criteria for determining risk. Describe the General pattern of the combined methods of processing that use mechanical, physical, thermal and biothermal recycling processes. In detail the construction described granulating equipment, methods of intensification of processes, process flow sheets and engineering calculation methods. Special attention is given to the thermal methods of waste treatment, process lines, constructions of furnaces and reactors. On the basis of the system approach with use of data of environmental monitoring are considered the methodology for selecting the most available technology.&#x0D; Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation. &#x0D; Intended for independent work of undergraduates majoring in 20.04.01 "Technospheric safety" (master level), 20.03.01 "Technosphere safety" (bachelor level), 18.03.01 "Chemical technology" 18.03.02 "Energy and resource saving processes in chemical technology, petrochemistry and biotechnology". Can be useful for engineers and technicians of chemical industry and related industries.
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International Conference on Process Intensification in Practice: Applications and Opportunities (2nd 1997 Antwerp, Belgium). 2nd International Conference on Process Intensification in Practice: Applications and Opportunities. Mechanical Engineering, 1997.

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Ksenofontov, Boris, Aleksandr Lukanin, and Evgeniy Pirogov. Chemical and physico-chemical methods of wastewater and man-made water treatment. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1863094.

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The monograph discusses issues related to chemical and physico-chemical methods of wastewater and man-made water treatment, including oxidation and sorption of pollutants, as well as their coagulation and flocculation and other processes of wastewater and man-made water treatment. At the same time, individual tasks are considered for the first time both in domestic and in the world practice of water treatment. First of all, this applies to the use of strong oxidizing agents in the practice of water purification, as well as neutralizing substances. In addition, the issues of intensification of chemical reactions occurring during wastewater treatment using various reagents are considered. At the same time, water treatment using ultraviolet light, electromagnetic fields, etc. is considered as an intensifying effect. As a result of the complex effect on the treated water, a high technological effect of purification is achieved.&#x0D; For a wide range of readers, including researchers, university professors, graduate students, masters, bachelors and undergraduates.
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Ksenofontov, Boris, and Aleksandr Lukanin. Flotation combines for wastewater treatment with several working fluids. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1938077.

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In the monograph, for the first time in world practice, the issues of intensification of flotation processes of wastewater treatment and compaction of excess activated sludge due to the use of several working fluids are considered. It is noted that flotation equipment is mainly used for wastewater treatment of pressure type. Although the flotation process has been known for a long time, there are relatively few fundamentally new technical solutions in this area. In this regard, the author describes in detail the method of flotation developed by the author with two and three working fluids, of which one is a working fluid with hardly soluble gas (air), and the others with easily soluble gases, such as carbon dioxide and biogas. At the same time, the interpretation of the new effect is based on a multi-stage flotation model developed by the author. This method was developed, tested and used by the author for the first time in domestic practice at biotechnological enterprises. Methods and flotation installations in the form of water flow combines using two and three working fluids saturated with gases with different solubility in water are described.&#x0D; It is offered for a wide range of readers, including researchers, bachelors, masters, postgraduates, as well as for anyone interested in water purification issues.
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Book chapters on the topic "Intensification processes"

1

Nagarajan, Ramamurthy. "Acoustic Intensification of Processes—Mechanisms Involved." In Process Intensification. CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003283423-5.

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Noorman, H. J., W. van Winden, J. J. Heijnen, and R. G. J. M. van der Lans. "CHAPTER 1. Intensified Fermentation Processes and Equipment." In Intensification of Biobased Processes. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788010320-00001.

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Boodhoo, Kamelia. "CHAPTER 2. Rotating Bioreactors: Concept, Designs and Applications." In Intensification of Biobased Processes. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788010320-00042.

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Kiss, Anton A., and Costin Sorin Bîldea. "CHAPTER 3. Intensified Downstream Processing in Biofuels Production." In Intensification of Biobased Processes. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788010320-00062.

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Cuellar, M. C., and A. J. J. Straathof. "CHAPTER 4. Improving Fermentation by Product Removal." In Intensification of Biobased Processes. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788010320-00086.

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de Haan, André B., and Snehal D. Birajdar. "CHAPTER 5. Liquid–Liquid Extraction in Processing of Bioproducts." In Intensification of Biobased Processes. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788010320-00109.

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Werth, K., and M. Skiborowski. "CHAPTER 6. Organic Solvent Nanofiltration for an Intensified Processing of Renewable Raw Materials." In Intensification of Biobased Processes. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788010320-00132.

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Faria, R. P. V., N. S. Graça, and A. E. Rodrigues. "CHAPTER 7. Green Fuels and Fuel Additives Production in Simulated Moving Bed Reactors." In Intensification of Biobased Processes. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788010320-00145.

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Adewuyi, Yusuf Gbadebo. "CHAPTER 8. Intensification of Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Cellulose Using High Frequency Ultrasound." In Intensification of Biobased Processes. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788010320-00166.

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Sinha, Anil K., and Aditya Rai. "CHAPTER 9. Process Intensification for Hydroprocessing of Vegetable Oil." In Intensification of Biobased Processes. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788010320-00188.

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Conference papers on the topic "Intensification processes"

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Dougher, Molly, Laurianne Lair, Jonathan Aubuchon Ouimet, William A. Phillip, Thomas J. Tarka, and Alexander W. Dowling. "Opportunities for Process Intensification with Membranes to Promote Circular Economy Development for Critical Minerals." In Foundations of Computer-Aided Process Design. PSE Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69997/sct.127504.

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Critical minerals are essential to the future of clean energy, especially energy storage, electric vehicles, and advanced electronics. In this paper, we argue that process systems engineering (PSE) paradigms provide essential frameworks for enhancing the sustainability and efficiency of critical mineral processing pathways. As a concrete example, we review challenges and opportunities across material-to-infrastructure scales for process intensification (PI) with membranes. Within critical mineral processing, there is a need to reduce environmental impact, especially concerning chemical reagent usage. Feed concentrations and product demand variability require flexible, intensified processes. Further, unique feedstocks require unique processes (i.e., no one-size-fits-all recycling or refining system exists). Membrane materials span a vast design space that allows significant optimization. Therefore, there is a need to rapidly identify the best opportunities for membrane implementation, thus informing materials optimization with process and infrastructure scale performance targets. Finally, scale-up must be accelerated and de-risked across the materials-to-process levels to fully realize the opportunity presented by membranes, thereby fostering the development of a circular economy for critical minerals. Tackling these challenges requires integrating efforts across diverse disciplines. We advocate for a holistic molecular-to-systems perspective for fully realizing PI with membranes to address sustainability challenges in critical mineral processing. The opportunities for PI with membranes are excellent applications for emerging research in machine learning, data science, automation, and optimization.
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Vel�zquez-S�mano, Tadeo E., Heriberto Alcocer-Garc�a, Eduardo S�nchez-Ram�rez, Carlos R. Caceres-Barrera, and Juan G. Segovia-Hern�ndez. "Analysis of Control Properties as a Sustainability Indicator in Intensified Processes for Levulinic Acid Purification." In The 35th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering. PSE Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.69997/sct.104729.

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The evaluation of control properties in industrial processes is essential to achieve sustainability, a very relevant topic today. This study emphasizes the importance of control studies to ensure that processes are efficient, operable and safe. While strategies such as process intensification can reduce the size, cost, and consumption of energy, it can present challenges in control and operability. This work focuses on the evaluation of the control properties of schemes with different degrees of intensification for the purification of levulinic acid, with the aim of identifying designs with the best control properties and the best economic and environmental indicators. The schemes were designed under a systematic synthesis strategy and optimized using the hybrid method of differential evolution with a tabu list, considering the total annual cost and Eco-indicator 99. An open-loop study analyzed the relationship between manipulable variables and output variables using total condition number, sensitivity index, and relative gain matrix analysis. The dynamic behavior in a closed loop was subsequently analyzed using the minimization of the absolute error integral as a criterion. The results showed that the design, which includes a liquid-liquid extraction column, three distillation columns, and thermal coupling, presented the best dynamic performance. This design had a low total condition number, a below-average sensitivity index, a stable control structure, and low values of the absolute error integral. In addition, it stood out for its excellent cost and environmental impact indicators, which makes it the most favorable option among the proposed designs.
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Adami, Momme, Dennis Espert, and Mirko Skiborowski. "Pimp my Distillation Sequence � Shortcut-based Screening of Intensified Configurations." In The 35th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering. PSE Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.69997/sct.169219.

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Distillation processes account for a substantial share of the industrial energy demand. Yet, these energy requirements can be reduced by a variety of energy integration methods, including various forms of direct heat integration, multi-effect distillation, thermal coupling and vapor recompression. Consequently, these intensification methods should be evaluated quantitatively in comparison to each other for individual separation tasks, instead of benchmarking single options with conventional sequences or relying on simplified heuristics. In order to overcome the computational burden of a broad assessment of a large number of process alternatives, a computationally-efficient framework for the energetic and economic evaluation of such energy integrated distillation processes is presented, which builds on thermodynamically-sound shortcut models that do not rely on constant relative volatility and constant molar overflow assumptions.
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Carrasco-Su�rez, Ma Teresa, and Araceli Guadalupe Romero-Izquierdo. "Energy Integration of an Intensified Biorefinery Scheme from Waste Cooking Oil to Produce Sustainable Aviation Fuel." In The 35th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering. PSE Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.69997/sct.157567.

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Sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) is a proven alternative to reduce CO2 emissions in the aviation sector, supporting sustainable growth. However, SAF processes remain economically uncompetitive with fossil-derived jet fuel, prompting interest in strategies to address these challenges. In 2022, Carrasco-Su�rez et al. explored process intensification in the SAF separation zone of a biorefinery using waste cooking oil (WCO), achieving a 3.07% reduction in CO2 emissions and lower operational costs for steam and cooling water. Despite these gains, the WCO biorefinery remains economically unviable with high energy demands. This work presents the energy integration of the entire WCO biorefinery addressed from the pinch point methodology, combined with separation zones intensification (EI-PI-S), using the principles of sections movement for distillation columns; these energy efficiency strategies were applied on the biorefinery in Aspen Plus V.10.0 in order to improve the scheme. Key indicators�total annual cost (TAC), energy investment per product energy (EI-P), energy investment per main product mass (EI-MP), and CO2 emissions per main product mass (CO2-MP)�were used to compare the conventional scheme (CS) and the intensified scheme before energy integration (PI-S). The EI-PI-S scheme achieved the best performance, reducing steam and cooling water requirements by 14.34% and 31.06%, respectively, and CO2 emissions by 13.85% and 14.13% compared to CS and PI-S. However, TAC for EI-PI-S was 0.89% higher than PI-S. Despite this, the integrated and intensified WCO biorefinery emerges as a feasible option for SAF production, adhering to energy minimisation principles and improving economic performance.
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Agi, Damian T., Hani A. E. Hawa, and Alexander W. Dowling. "Equation-Oriented Modeling of Water-Gas Shift Membrane Reactor for Blue Hydrogen Production." In Foundations of Computer-Aided Process Design. PSE Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69997/sct.152308.

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Water-gas shift membrane reactors (WGS-MRs) offer a pathway to affordable blue H2 generation/purification from gasified feedstock or reformed fuels. To exploit their cost benefits for blue hydrogen production, WGS-MRs� performance needs to be optimized, which includes navigating the multidimensional design space (e.g., temperature, feed pressures, space velocity, membrane permeance and selectivity, catalytic performance). This work describes an equation-oriented modeling framework for WGS-MRs in the Pyomo ecosystem, with an emphasis on model scaling and multi-start initialization strategies to facilitate reliable convergence with nonlinear optimization solvers. We demonstrate, through sensitivity analysis, that our model converges rapidly (&lt; 1 CPU second on a laptop computer) under a wide range of operating parameters (e.g., feed pressures of 1-3 MPa, reactor temperatures of 624-824 K, sweep-to-feed ratios of 0-0.5, and steam/carbon ratios of 1-5). Ongoing work includes (1) validation and calibration of the WGS-MR model using benchtop laboratory data and (2) design, intensification, and optimization of blue H2 processes using the WGS-MR model.
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Chrisandina, Natasha J., Shivam Vedant, Catherine Nkoutche, Eleftherios Iakovou, Efstratios N. Pistikopoulos, and Mahmoud M. El-Halwagi. "Resilient-aware Design for Sustainable Energy Systems." In Foundations of Computer-Aided Process Design. PSE Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69997/sct.166451.

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To mitigate the effects of catastrophic failure while maintaining resource and production efficiencies, energy systems need to be designed for resilience and sustainability. Conventional approaches such as redundancies through backup processes or inventory stockpiles demand high capital investment and resource allocation. In addition, responding to unexpected �black swan� events requires that systems have the agility to transform and adapt rapidly. To develop targeted solutions that protect the system efficiently, the supply chain network needs to be considered as an integrated multi-scale system incorporating every component from individual process units all the way to the whole network. This approach can be readily integrated with analogous multiscale approaches for sustainability, safety, and intensification. In this work, we bring together classical supply chain resilience with process systems engineering to leverage the multi-scale nature of energy systems for developing resilience enhancement strategies that are resource-efficient. In particular, we adapt qualitative risk analysis methods to uncover critical system components and major vulnerabilities to guide resource allocation decisions. To account for these vulnerabilities, we explore the feasible region of operation around each node of the supply chain. An optimization formulation is devised to generate multiscale alternative. The approach is demonstrated through a case study involving the production of biofuels, demonstrating the range of adaptation strategies possible when process-level strategies are incorporated into overall supply chain design.
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Bugay, Crizha Ann, Mae Czarella Caballas, Steven Brian Mercado, et al. "A Review of Microreactors for Process Intensification." In International Electronic Conference on Processes. MDPI, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024067021.

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Lobasov, A. S., A. V. Minakov, and M. I. Pryazhnikov. "Nanodiamond Suspensions Application for Heat Transfer Processes Intensification." In 2018 International Multi-Conference on Industrial Engineering and Modern Technologies (FarEastCon). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fareastcon.2018.8602772.

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Prisnyakov, V. F., Yu K. Gontarev, O. L. Marchenko, et al. "INTENSIFICATION OF WORKING PROCESSES IN STEAM OBTAINING SYSTEMS." In International Heat Transfer Conference 11. Begellhouse, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ihtc11.2090.

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BOSHENYATOV B, V. "INTENSIFICATION OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN INDUSTRY AND AGRICULTURE." In 22-ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE METHODS OF AEROPHYSICAL RESEARCH. Crossref, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53954/9785605099659_5.

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Reports on the topic "Intensification processes"

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Staroseisky, Alexander, Igor Fedchenia, and Wenlong Li. Intensification of Transport Processes in Fluid-Filled Porous Media by Sound Waves. Application to Fuel Cell Technology. Defense Technical Information Center, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada420039.

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TITOVA, E. HISTORIOGRAPHIC REVIEW ON THE TOPIC OF THE STUDY OF MIGRATION PROCESSES IN THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST AT THE BEGINNING OF THE XXI CENTURY. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2077-1770-2021-13-4-2-34-53.

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The article provides an overview of scientific research on the study of migration processes in the Far Eastern regions. The problems of migration, the state mechanism for regulating migration issues, and the peculiarities of interethnic interactions are very topical topics not only at the regional, but also at the national level. In the Russian Federation, studies on these topics have appeared relatively recently. Due to the fact that at the end of the 20th century there was a surge in the ethnic self-awareness of the peoples of the country, together with the intensification of socio-economic transformation processes, there are sharp, often radical, changes in the field of interethnic interactions, in particular, the growth of armed interethnic conflicts, an increase in migration outflows or inflows. etc. Modern scientific research in the field of migration processes is practice-oriented, that is, they are aimed at the implementation of narrow applied problems, there is also an increase in the accumulation of an updated extensive theoretical and methodological base. In particular, studies, for example, concerning the topic of interethnic interactions, are directly related to the topic of ethnic tolerance, which has also become very popular and in demand in the last decade for specialists from various scientific fields - psychologists, ethnographers, lawyers, etc.
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Taylor-Pashow, K. Pu Anion Exchange Process Intensification. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1223193.

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Taylor-Pashow, Kathryn M. L. Pu Anion Exchange Process Intensification. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1404903.

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Cresko, Joe, Arvind Thekdi, Sachin Nimbalkar, Kiran Thirumaran, Ali Hasanbeigi, and Subodh Chaudhari. Thermal Process Intensification - Workshop Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1871912.

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Fox, K. M., A. D. Cozzi, E. K. Hansen, and K. A. Hill. Low temperature waste form process intensification. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1215485.

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O'Hern, Timothy, Lindsay Evans, Jim Miller, et al. Advances in Process Intensification through Multifunctional Reactor Engineering. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1018948.

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O'Hern, Timothy, Lindsay Evans, Jim Miller, et al. Advances in Process Intensification through Multifunctional Reactor Engineering. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1018949.

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Cooper, Marcia A., James Edward Miller, Timothy John O'Hern, Walter Gill, and Lindsey R. Evans. Advances in process intensification through multifunctional reactor engineering. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1011212.

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Whalen, Scott. Process Intensification for Nanostructure Aluminum Extrusions - CRADA 411 (Abstract). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2287690.

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