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Journal articles on the topic 'Intensity gradient direction'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Burgi, Pierre-Yves. "Motion estimation based on the direction of intensity gradient." Image and Vision Computing 22, no. 8 (2004): 637–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.imavis.2004.01.003.

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Wang, Purong, and Guoyin Xu. "Development and Application Characteristics of High Gradient Magnetic Separator." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2160, no. 1 (2022): 012057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2160/1/012057.

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Abstract As one of the most effective techniques for fine particle processing, high gradient magnetic separation is mainly used in the separation and enrichment of fine and weak magnetic particles and other important industrial fields. High gradient magnetic separator is a new type of high intensity magnetic separator, which has strong ability to capture fine and weak magnetic particles, developed on the basis of ordinary high intensity magnetic separator. Based on the early periodic- high -gradient magnetic separators, the optimization development direction of high gradient magnetic separator

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Wang, Qiang, Chun Jiang Wang, Hai Tao Zhang, En Gang Wang, and Ji Cheng He. "Effects of High Gradient Magnetic Fields on Solidified Structures of Non-Magnetic Metals with Different Susceptibilities." Materials Science Forum 546-549 (May 2007): 1003–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.546-549.1003.

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In the present study, the influencing factors such as the intensity and the direction of gradient magnetic fields, the magnetic susceptibilities of non-magnetic metals on the structures are studied theoretically and experimentally. In the theoretical analyses, the influences of high gradient magnetic fields on nucleation and structures are investigated. In the experimental research, high gradient magnetic fields are imposed on paramagnetic material Al and diamagnetic one Sn during their solidification processes. Then the macro- and microstructures of these samples are examined and the influenc

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Haris, Muhammad, Kazuhito Sawase, Muhammad Rahmat Widyanto, and Hajime Nobuhara. "An Efficient Super Resolution Based on Image Dimensionality Reduction Using Accumulative Intensity Gradient." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 18, no. 4 (2014): 518–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2014.p0518.

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An efficient super resolution algorithm based on edge direction is proposed based on the dimensional reduction of color images and 3 types of edge direction. The basic idea is to reduce image – especially color image – dimensions and to interpolate pixels by using 3 simple edge directions – vertical, horizontal, and diagonal. The proposed algorithm conceivably eliminate more color artifacts than Bicubic. The results of experiments using 30 natural images confirm that PSNR of the proposed method achieve the same quality as Fast Curvature Based Interpolation (FCBI). We confirmed that computation

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Nelson, J. Bradley. "An alternate derivation of the three‐dimensional Hilbert transform relations from first principles." GEOPHYSICS 51, no. 4 (1986): 1014–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442141.

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Several techniques for determining the location, geometry, and strength of a source are based on a knowledge of the magnetic gradients generated by that source. Hood (1965), Bhattacharyya (1966), and Rao et al. (1981) detailed three of these gradient methods. For many years, geophysicists have used the two‐dimensional (2-D) Hilbert transform to approximate the vertical gradient from measurements of the horizontal gradient in the magnetic‐field intensity (Nabighian, 1972; Stanley and Green, 1976; Stanley, 1977; Mohan et al., 1982). This technique is of limited applicability because of the impli

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Cui, Junlong, Yong Hou, Zekun Jiang, et al. "Sparse-view cone-beam computed tomography iterative reconstruction based on new multi-gradient direction total variation." Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics 20, no. 2 (2024): 615–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1761_23.

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ABSTRACT Aim: The accurate reconstruction of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) from sparse projections is one of the most important areas for study. The compressed sensing theory has been widely employed in the sparse reconstruction of CBCT. However, the total variation (TV) approach solely uses information from the i-coordinate, j-coordinate, and k-coordinate gradients to reconstruct the CBCT image. Materials and Methods: It is well recognized that the CBCT image can be reconstructed more accurately with more gradient information from different directions. Thus, this study introduces a nov

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Cook, Mylan R., Kent L. Gee, and Scott D. Sommerfeldt. "A coherence-based phase and amplitude gradient estimator method for calculating active acoustic intensity." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 151, no. 6 (2022): 4053–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0011731.

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The phase and amplitude gradient estimator (PAGE) method [Thomas, Christensen, and Gee, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 137, 3366–3376 (2015)] has been developed as an alternative to the traditional p-p method for calculating energy-based acoustic measures such as active acoustic intensity. While this method shows many marked improvements over the traditional method, such as a wider valid frequency bandwidth for broadband sources, contaminating noise can lead to inaccurate results. Contaminating noise degrades performance for both the traditional and PAGE methods and causes probe microphone pairs to exhib

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Zhang, Xue Xia, Zhi Xin Hu, Wen Bin Zhao, and Chan Li. "The Static Stress Intensity Factor around the Anti-Plane Crack in an Orthotropic Functionally Graded Material." Applied Mechanics and Materials 275-277 (January 2013): 208–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.275-277.208.

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The problem of anti-plane crack in infinity orthotropic functionally graded materials is studied by using of integral transforms-dual integral equations. The shear modulus in the two principal directions of the functionally graded material was assumed to vary proportionately as gradient model of double parameters. And the variation curves of the dimensionless stress intensity factor with the orthogonal parameter and the crack length have been obtained by using the mathematical software .The results shows that stress intensity factor increases with the increasing of and a. It means that stress

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Zhang, Jie, Wei Liu, and Shuyuan Zhang. "Understanding the Luminescence Characteristics of Ultraviolet InGaN/AlGaN Multiple Quantum Wells with Different In Gradients." Crystals 11, no. 11 (2021): 1390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11111390.

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The electroluminescence (EL) properties of InGaN/AlGaN ultraviolet light-emitting multiple quantum wells (MQWs) with identical average In content but different In gradients (In content increases linearly, along the growth direction) are investigated numerically. It is found that the luminescence efficiency is improved, and the EL spectral peak wavelength becomes longer for the MQW sample with a larger In gradient. Since the influence of In gradient is different for the conduction and valence bands in InGaN layers, the distribution of electrons and holes in QWs may be changed, leading to a reds

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Li, Meng, and Yi Zhan. "Integrating Feature Direction Information with a Level Set Formulation for Image Segmentation." East Asian Journal on Applied Mathematics 6, no. 1 (2016): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/eajam.231114.240915a.

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AbstractA feature-dependent variational level set formulation is proposed for image segmentation. Two second order directional derivatives act as the external constraint in the level set evolution, with the directional derivative across the image features direction playing a key role in contour extraction and another only slightly contributes. To overcome the local gradient limit, we integrate the information from the maximal (in magnitude) second-order directional derivative into a common variational framework. It naturally encourages the level set function to deform (up or down) in opposite

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Yang, Shuaidong, Yueming Gao, Xiqi Liu, Gang Wang, Leibo Song, and Chunyan Bao. "Evolution of the Fracture Characteristics in a Rockburst under Different Stress Gradients." Buildings 12, no. 11 (2022): 1927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12111927.

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The variation in principal stress ratio and principal stress direction deflection caused by the stress gradient distribution of surrounding rock is one of the reasons leading to different types of strain rockbursts. Two typical rockburst failure modes of brittle gypsum debris are discussed based on the study of the macroscopic and microscopic appearance morphologies under different stress gradients. Based on the acoustic emission characteristic parameter analysis of the Gaussian mixture model (GMM), the evolution of internal crack propagation and the fracture mechanism during the rockburst und

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Cai, Han, Kun Ma, and Yunjian Luo. "Geographical Modeling of Spatial Interaction between Built-Up Land Sprawl and Cultivated Landscape Eco-Security under Urbanization Gradient." Sustainability 11, no. 19 (2019): 5513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11195513.

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Built-up land sprawl is the most intuitive manifestation and main cause of cultivated land pattern change. Understanding spatiotemporal change and its driving factors in the impact of built-up land sprawl on cultivated landscape eco-security under the urbanization gradient can reveal the nature of cultivated landscape ecological risk caused by urban sprawl and promote the scientific implementation of urban planning and cultivated land protection policies. Taking Yangzhou, a medium-sized city with rapid urbanization, as an example, we used multi-sources data (30 m resolution Landsat images in 1

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Zhang, Yingjie, Tianran Sun, Jennifer A. Carter, et al. "The Relationship between Solar Wind Charge Exchange Soft X-ray Emission and the Tangent Direction of Magnetopause in an XMM–Newton Event." Magnetochemistry 9, no. 4 (2023): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry9040088.

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With the advent of soft X-ray imaging enabling global magnetopause detection, it is critical to use reconstruction techniques to derive the 3-dimensional magnetopause location from 2-dimensional X-ray images. One of the important assumptions adopted by most techniques is that the direction with maximum soft X-ray emission is the tangent direction of the magnetopause, which has not been validated in observation so far. This paper analyzes a magnetospheric solar wind charge exchange (SWCX) soft X-ray event detected by XMM–Newton during relatively stable solar wind and geomagnetic conditions. The

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Chen, Bailing, Huilin Lai, Chuandong Lin, and Demei Li. "Effects of Inclined Interface Angle on Compressible Rayleigh–Taylor Instability: A Numerical Study Based on the Discrete Boltzmann Method." Entropy 25, no. 12 (2023): 1623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25121623.

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Rayleigh–Taylor (RT) instability is a basic fluid interface instability that widely exists in nature and in the engineering field. To investigate the impact of the initial inclined interface on compressible RT instability, the two-component discrete Boltzmann method is employed. Both the thermodynamic non-equilibrium (TNE) and hydrodynamic non-equilibrium (HNE) effects are studied. It can be found that the global average density gradient in the horizontal direction, the non-organized energy fluxes, the global average non-equilibrium intensity and the proportion of the non-equilibrium region fi

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Tuma, Soraya Lozada, and Carlos Alberto Mendonça. "Stepped inversion of magnetic data." GEOPHYSICS 72, no. 3 (2007): L21—L30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2711661.

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We present a three-step magnetic inversion procedure in which invariant quantities with respect to source parameters are inverted sequentially to give (1) shape cross section, (2) magnetization intensity, and (3) magnetization direction for a 2D (elongated) magnetic source. The quantity first inverted (called here the shape function) is obtained from the ratio of the gradient intensity of the total-field anomaly to the intensity of the anomalous vector field. For homogenous sources, the shape function is invariant with source magnetization and allows reconstruction of the source geometry by at

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Khan, Sajid, Dong-Ho Lee, Muhammad Asif Khan, et al. "Image Interpolation via Gradient Correlation-Based Edge Direction Estimation." Scientific Programming 2020 (April 21, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5763837.

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This paper introduces an image interpolation method that provides performance superior to that of the state-of-the-art algorithms. The simple linear method, if used for interpolation, provides interpolation at the cost of blurring, jagging, and other artifacts; however, applying complex methods provides better interpolation results, but sometimes they fail to preserve some specific edge patterns or results in oversmoothing of the edges due to postprocessing of the initial interpolation process. The proposed method uses a new gradient-based approach that makes an intelligent decision based on t

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Lurie, I. K., and M. V. Lurie. "Method of slope erosion coefficient experimental determination." Geodesy and Cartography 1000, no. 10 (2023): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2023-1000-10-22-28.

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The article deals with the theory of slope erosion, developed on the basis of the phenomenological law, according to which the intensity vector of soil erosion from the slope is proportional to the absolute value of its height gradient vector and inverse in direction. Since the erosion model includes a phenomenological coefficient of proportionality between the intensity of soil weathering and the elevation gradient, it is necessary to provide a way to find such a coefficient experimentally. Comparison of changes in elevation data obtained during field monitoring with the results of theoretica

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TAMBURO, ROBERT J., and GEORGE D. STETTEN. "GRADIENT-ORIENTED PROFILES FOR BOUNDARY PARAMETERIZATION AND THEIR APPLICATION TO CORE ATOMS TOWARDS SHAPE ANALYSIS." International Journal of Image and Graphics 01, no. 04 (2001): 659–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219467801000360.

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Gradient-oriented profiles are presented as a novel method for boundary parameterization and unsupervised boundary classification. Each profile is created at locations of high gradient magnitude by sampling an ellipsoidal neighborhood of voxels oriented along the image gradient. Every profile is analyzed via nonlinear optimization to fit the best cumulative Gaussian, directly parameterizing the boundary to yield estimates of (1) extrapolated intensity values for voxels located far inside and outside of the boundary and (2) boundary location and width. For these parameter estimates, intrinsic m

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Dai, Yao, and Xiao Chong. "The Higher Order Mechanical and Electric Fields for Arbitrarily Oriented Crack with the Physical Weak-Discontinuity." Applied Mechanics and Materials 602-605 (August 2014): 283–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.602-605.283.

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The higher order crack-tip fields for anti-plane crack oblique to the interface between functionally graded piezoelectric materials (FGPMs) and homogeneous piezoelectric materials (HPMs) are presented. The crack is oriented in arbitrary direction. The crack surfaces are assumed to be electrically impermeable. The material properties of FGPMs are assumed to be linear functions with their gradient direction perpendicular to the interface. By using the eigen-expansion method, the high order crack tip stress and electric displacement fields are obtained. The analytic expressions of the stress inte

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Thoulon, Charles, Gilbert Roge, and Olivier Pironneau. "Gradient-Based Aero-Stealth Optimization of a Simplified Aircraft." Fluids 9, no. 8 (2024): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids9080174.

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Modern fighter aircraft increasingly need to conjugate aerodynamic performance and low observability. In this paper, we showcase a methodology for a gradient-based bidisciplinary aero-stealth optimization. The shape of the aircraft is parameterized with the help of a CAD modeler, and we optimize it with the SLSQP algorithm. The drag, computed with the help of a RANS method, is used as the aerodynamic criterion. For the stealth criterion, a function is derived from the radar cross-section in a given cone of directions and weighed with a function whose goal is to cancel the electromagnetic inten

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MALIK, HITENDRA K. "Energy gain by an electron in the fundamental mode of a rectangular waveguide by microwave radiation." Journal of Plasma Physics 68, no. 3 (2002): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377802001940.

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Energy gain by an electron during its motion in the fields of the fundamental TE10 mode excited by microwave radiation in a rectangular waveguide is analysed. Expressions have been obtained for the fields of the mode, the angle of deflection and the acceleration gradient of the electron when it is injected along the direction of mode propagation. An electron of energy 25 keV gains 120.44 keV when a microwave of intensity 1010 Wm−2 at frequency 6 GHz is employed to excite the mode in a waveguide of width 0.03 m and height 0.02 m. The effects of the microwave frequency and the width of the waveg

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Hennion, V., J. M. Sprauel, and H. Michaud. "Contribution to residual-stress evaluation in high-stress-gradient zones by X-ray diffraction." Journal of Applied Crystallography 33, no. 1 (2000): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889899010973.

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The non-destructive X-ray diffraction method is usually employed to evaluate stress states at the near surface of materials. In specific zones with high-stress gradients parallel to the surface, like welding joins, areas affected by lasers, or ball-bearing raceways, the classical measurement method is not particularly well suited, as the irradiation spot covers regions of varying stress according to its size. This leads to inaccurate stress evaluations. A new X-ray diffraction measurement and data treatment method is therefore proposed. It is based on longitudinal step-by-step scanning in a fi

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Ma, Yingran, and Yanjun Peng. "A level set method based on local direction gradient for image segmentation with intensity inhomogeneity." Multimedia Tools and Applications 77, no. 23 (2018): 30703–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11042-018-6154-7.

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Pang, Xiaoyan, Weiwei Xiao, Han Zhang, Chen Feng, and Xinying Zhao. "X-type vortex and its effect on beam shaping." Journal of Optics 23, no. 12 (2021): 125604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2040-8986/ac34e7.

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Abstract In this article we propose a new type of optical vortex, the X-type vortex. This vortex inherits and develops the conventional noncanonical vortex, i.e. it no longer has a constant phase gradient around the center, while the intensity keeps invariant azimuthally. The strongly focusing properties of the X-type vortex and its effect on the beam shaping in three-dimensional (3D) fields are analyzed. The interesting phenomena, which cannot be seen in canonical vortices, are observed, for instance the ‘switch effect’ which shows that the intensity pattern can switch from one transverse axi

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Miyamoto, Yoshiaki, Masaki Satoh, Hirofumi Tomita, et al. "Gradient Wind Balance in Tropical Cyclones in High-Resolution Global Experiments." Monthly Weather Review 142, no. 5 (2014): 1908–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-13-00115.1.

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Abstract The degree of gradient wind balance was investigated in a number of tropical cyclones (TCs) simulated under realistic environments. The results of global-scale numerical simulations without cumulus parameterization were used, with a horizontal mesh size of 7 km. On average, azimuthally averaged maximum tangential velocities at 850 (925) hPa in the simulated TCs were 0.72% (1.95%) faster than gradient wind–balanced tangential velocity (GWV) during quasi-steady periods. Of the simulated TCs, 75% satisfied the gradient wind balance at the radius of maximum wind speed (RMW) at 850 and at

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Dennis, Todd E., Matt J. Rayner, and Michael M. Walker. "Evidence that pigeons orient to geomagnetic intensity during homing." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 274, no. 1614 (2007): 1153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2007.3768.

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The influence of the Earth's magnetic field on locomotory orientation has been studied in many taxa but is best understood for homing pigeons ( Columba livia ). Effects of experimentally induced and naturally occurring perturbations in the geomagnetic field suggest that pigeons are sensitive to changes in geomagnetic parameters. However, whether pigeons use the Earth's magnetic field for position determination remains unknown. Here we report an apparent orientation to the intensity gradient of the geomagnetic field observed in pigeons homing from sites in and around a magnetic anomaly. From fl

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Brugge, John F., Richard A. Reale, and Joseph E. Hind. "Spatial Receptive Fields of Primary Auditory Cortical Neurons in Quiet and in the Presence of Continuous Background Noise." Journal of Neurophysiology 80, no. 5 (1998): 2417–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1998.80.5.2417.

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Brugge, John F., Richard A. Reale, and Joseph E. Hind. Spatial receptive fields of primary auditory cortical neurons in quiet and in the presence of continuous background noise. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 2417–2432, 1998. Spatial receptive fields of primary auditory (AI) neurons were studied by delivering, binaurally, synthesized virtual-space signals via earphones to cats under barbiturate anesthesia. Signals were broadband or narrowband transients presented in quiet anechoic space or in acoustic space filled with uncorrelated continuous broadband noise. In the absence of background noise, AI virtu

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Tokuoka, Yasunori, Keiichi Kondo, Noboru Nakaigawa, and Tadashi Ishida. "Development of a Microfluidic Device to Form a Long Chemical Gradient in a Tissue from Both Ends with an Analysis of Its Appearance and Content." Micromachines 12, no. 12 (2021): 1482. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12121482.

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Tissue assays have improved our understanding of cancers in terms of the three-dimensional structures and cellular diversity of the tissue, although they are not yet well-developed. Perfusion culture and active chemical gradient formation in centimeter order are difficult in tissue assays, but they are important for simulating the metabolic functions of tissues. Using microfluidic technology, we developed an H-shaped channel device that could form a long concentration gradient of molecules in a tissue that we could then analyze based on its appearance and content. For demonstration, a cylindri

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NAGAO, Y., A. TAWATSIN, S. THAMMAPALO, and U. THAVARA. "Geographical gradient of mean age of dengue haemorrhagic fever patients in northern Thailand." Epidemiology and Infection 140, no. 3 (2011): 479–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268811000653.

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SUMMARYDengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) is caused by dengue virus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes; mean age of patients varies temporally and geographically. Variability in age of patients may be due to differences in transmission intensity or demographic structure. To compare these two hypotheses, the mean age of DHF patients from 90 districts in northern Thailand (1994–1996, 2002–2004) was regressed against (i) Aedes abundance or (ii) demographic variables (birthrate, average age) of the district. We also developed software to quantify direction and strength of geographical gradients of these

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Morita, Kaoruko, Rukiya Hanahara, Yuta Ishiguro, et al. "Time-Resolved X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis of Cerium Ion Transport in Polymer Electrolyte Membranes Under Humidity Gradient." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 44 (2024): 3082. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02443082mtgabs.

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The durability of more than 50,000 hours is required for the widespread application of proton exchange membrane fuel cells [1]. Chemical degradation of perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) membrane electrolytes by radicals is one of the degradation factors [2]. To quench the radicals, cerium ions are incorporated into the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) as radical scavengers. However, cerium ions move within the plane of MEA due to humidity gradients [3]. The chemical degradation by the radicals occurs in the depleted areas of cerium ion. Understanding the in-plane transport mechanism of cerium ion

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Ispriyanti, Dwi, Alan Prahutama, Tarno Tarno, Budi Warsito, Hasbi Yasin, and Pandu Anggara. "PERBANDINGAN MODEL JARINGAN SYARAF TIRUAN DENGAN ALGORITMA LEVENBERG-MARQUADT DAN POWELL-BEALE CONJUGATE GRADIENTPADA KECEPATAN ANGIN RATA-RATA DI KOTA SEMARANG." Jurnal Statistika Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang 8, no. 2 (2020): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.26714/jsunimus.8.2.2020.127-133.

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Wind is one of the most important weather components. Wind is defined as the dynamics of horizontal air mass displacement measured in two parameters, namely speed and direction. Wind speed and direction depend on the air pressure conditions around the place. High wind speed intensity can cause high sea water waves. To estimate wind speed intensity required a study of wind speed prediction. One of method that can be used is Artificial Neural Network (ANN). In ANN there are several models, one of which is backpropagation. Thepurpose of this researchis to compare between backpropagation model wit

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Xu, Wei, Xue Feng Yao, and Lin Zhi Wu. "Experimental Study on K-Dominance of Static Crack Tip in Functionally Gradient Materials." Key Engineering Materials 348-349 (September 2007): 789–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.348-349.789.

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In this paper, coherent gradient sensing (CGS) and digital speckle correlation method (DSCM) are introduced to study the K-dominance of static crack tip in functionally gradient materials (FGMs) with a crack oriented along the direction of the elastic gradient. And the numerical simulation is analyzed through finite element method (FEM). Firstly, the CGS and DSCM equations at the mode-I static crack tip of FGMs are developed, which can be used to calculate the stress intensity factors of FGMs. Secondly, three kinds of FGMs specimens with different variation of the modulus are prepared to obser

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Abdul Rahman, Farah Yasmin, Aini Hussain, Wan Mimi Diyana Wan Zaki, Halimah Badioze Zaman, and Nooritawati Md Tahir. "Enhancement of Background Subtraction Techniques Using a Second Derivative in Gradient Direction Filter." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/598708.

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A new approach was proposed to improve traditional background subtraction (BGS) techniques by integrating a gradient-based edge detector called a second derivative in gradient direction (SDGD) filter with the BGS output. The four fundamental BGS techniques, namely, frame difference (FD), approximate median (AM), running average (RA), and running Gaussian average (RGA), showed imperfect foreground pixels generated specifically at the boundary. The pixel intensity was lesser than the preset threshold value, and the blob size was smaller. The SDGD filter was introduced to enhance edge detection u

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Zhao, Xiaohui, Yutong Liu, Yue Cao, et al. "Near-Infrared Reflective Polymer Films Based on UV-327-Doped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles." Materials 16, no. 24 (2023): 7660. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16247660.

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We prepared cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) films with broadband reflective properties by admixing organic dye UV-327 into inorganic zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), utilizing the principle of pitch distribution from a large to a small gradient along the film thickness direction, leading to broadband reflection. ZnO NPs are poorly dispersed and easy to gather, but they do not decompose easily. The addition of UV-327 makes up for the above shortcomings. UV-327 is an organic compound with good compatibility and dispersion with liquid crystal systems. Therefore, we used the method of mixing t

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Morita, Kaoruko, Aika Takezawa, Naoki Kitano, et al. "In-situ X-ray Fluorescence Analysis of In-plane Cerium-ion Distribution Under Humidity Gradients in Proton Exchange Membrane." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, no. 36 (2024): 2104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-01362104mtgabs.

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For the wide application of polymer electrolyte fuel cells, durability of more than 50,000 hours is necessary. Chemical degradation of the perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) membrane electrolyte is one of the degradation factors. Hydrogen peroxide generated from crossover gas reacts with impurities, and the resulting radicals break the chemical bonds in the electrolyte membrane. To quench the radicals, cerium ions are added to the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) as a radical quencher. However, cerium ions are known to move in the in-plane direction due to the humidity gradient during fuel cell op

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Anam, Khairul, and Chih Kuang Lin. "Thermal Stress Intensity Factors of Crack in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells." Applied Mechanics and Materials 493 (January 2014): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.493.331.

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Structural durability is the main focus of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) development which is affected by the thermal stress caused by considerable CTE mismatch between components and thermal gradient. In this paper we investigate the thermal stress intensity factor for mode I, mode II and mode III of positive electrode-electrolyte-negative electrode (PEN) at room temperature and steady stage for an initial crack size of 10 μm. A commercial finite element analysis (FEA) was used to find the highly stressed regions in PENs and calculate the thermal stress intensity factors. The stress distribu

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WU, PEI-JUNG, CHOU-CHING K. LIN, and MING-SHAUNG JU. "ONE-DIMENSIONAL MODELING AND SIMULATIONS OF MIGRATION OF CULTURED FIBROBLASTS." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 14, no. 02 (2014): 1450027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519414500274.

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Cell migration is crucial for many physiological functions such as wound healing, immuno-response and carcinogenesis. In this study an one-dimensional model of migration of fibroblasts was developed by modeling and integrating five subcellular processes, namely, actin protrusion, focal adhesion formation, stress fiber formation, polarization and retraction. The direction of migration was determined by polarization, which was related to direction of the stiffness gradient of the substrate. By controlling intensity of ultraviolet exposure on type-I collagen, a substrate with a stiffness gradient

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Skrotzki, Werner, N. Scheerbaum, C. G. Oertel, Heinz Günter Brokmeier, Satyam Suwas, and László S. Tóth. "Texture Gradient in ECAP Silver Measured by Synchrotron Radiation." Materials Science Forum 495-497 (September 2005): 821–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.495-497.821.

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Silver of 3N purity was deformed at room temperature by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) using three passes of route A. The global and local texture were investigated by neutron diffraction and high-energy synchrotron radiation, respectively. The texture is characterized by typical simple shear components of fcc metals which differently deviate from their ideal positions. Local texture measurements reveal that the intensity and inclination of the texture components with respect to the extrusion direction depend on the distance from the top of the extruded bar and change from pass to pass.

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Jorgensen, Michael, and Michael Zhdanov. "Recovering Magnetization of Rock Formations by Jointly Inverting Airborne Gravity Gradiometry and Total Magnetic Intensity Data." Minerals 11, no. 4 (2021): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11040366.

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Conventional 3D magnetic inversion methods are based on the assumption that there is no remanent magnetization, and the inversion is run for magnetic susceptibility only. This approach is well-suited to targeting mineralization; however, it ignores the situation where the direction of magnetization of the rock formations is different from the direction of the induced magnetic field. We present a novel method of recovering a spatial distribution of magnetization vector within the rock formation based on joint inversion of airborne gravity gradiometry (AGG) and total magnetic intensity (TMI) dat

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Makarevitch, R. A., F. Honary, I. W. McCrea, and V. S. C. Howells. "Imaging riometer observations of drifting absorption patches in the morning sector." Annales Geophysicae 22, no. 10 (2004): 3461–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-22-3461-2004.

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Abstract. Observations by a 7x7-beam imaging riometer in Kilpisjärvi, Finland (~66° MLAT) of the drifting cosmic noise absorption (CNA) structures in the morning sector near the zonal drift reversals are presented. The examination of the absorption intensity images revealed several regions with enhanced CNA (absorption patches) slowly drifting through the riometer field of view (FoV). The absorption patches were found to vary in shape, orientation (for elongated arc-like patches), and drift direction. The latter was calculated from the regression lines to positions of the absorption maxima in

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Birkholz, M. "Modelling of diffraction from fibre texture gradients in thin polycrystalline films." Journal of Applied Crystallography 40, no. 4 (2007): 735–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889807027240.

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Crystallographic textures in thin polycrystalline films typically exhibit a rotational symmetry,i.e.they occur as a fibre texture with the texture pole being orientated in the direction of the substrate normal. As a further characteristic of thin-film textures, it was often observed that the degree of preferred orientation increases with increasing thickness. It is shown in this work how a fibre texture gradient may be modelled in kinematical X-ray diffraction and which effects it has on the intensity mapping of theIHKLreflection, when theHKLpole is the fibre axis. A general expression forIHKL

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Ogata, Yoichi. "Drive Type Virtual Reality Image on a Head-Mounted Display." Coatings 13, no. 5 (2023): 961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13050961.

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We fabricate a head-mounted display (HMD) providing a gradation VR image generated at the surface by using the excitation of the guided mode in a TiO2-slanted nanograting layer. In the TiO2 layer, the beam is waveguided along the short axis direction of the grating at a specific injection angle Θ. On the surface of the layer, a beam consisting of leakage generated during the waveguide is emitted. It generates an intensity gradient image for the waveguide direction. In this work, we convert this gradation image to VR by using another coupler. Finally, the obtained gradation VR image is also dis

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Le, Yi, Wencheng Zhao, Xianze Xu, Li Zha, and Yanyan Zhu. "Tumour localisation in ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation using improved gradient and direction vector flow." IET Image Processing 9, no. 10 (2015): 857–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-ipr.2014.0439.

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Zhu, Qing Jun, Alin Cao, Ji Wen Song, and Sheng Li Chen. "Distribution of Stray Current in Buried Pipeline." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 6579–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.6579.

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Electrochemical corrosion happens when stray currents leak out of buried pipeline. This will threaten the safety of pipeline operation and operators. The distribution of stray current was studied by simulation system. The results indicate that stray current intensities have the same distribution with potential gradient Esx which parallel to the metallic pipeline. The distribution curves of stray current show regular symmetry. The stray currents increase gradually along the buried metallic pipeline. It reaches maximum at the pipeline midpoint. The potential gradient Esy distribution curves in y

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Eidelman, A., T. Elperin, N. Kleeorin, et al. "Turbulent thermal diffusion of aerosols in geophysics and in laboratory experiments." Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 11, no. 3 (2004): 343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npg-11-343-2004.

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Abstract. We discuss a new phenomenon of turbulent thermal diffusion associated with turbulent transport of aerosols in the atmosphere and in laboratory experiments. The essence of this phenomenon is the appearance of a nondiffusive mean flux of particles in the direction of the mean heat flux, which results in the formation of large-scale inhomogeneities in the spatial distribution of aerosols that accumulate in regions of minimum mean temperature of the surrounding fluid. This effect of turbulent thermal diffusion was detected experimentally. In experiments turbulence was generated by two os

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Fernández-Pérez, Laura, Miguel Ángel Zavala, Pedro Villar -Salvador, and Jaime Madrigal-González. "Divergent Last Century Tree Growth along An Altitudinal Gradient in A Pinus sylvestris Dry-edge Population." Forests 10, no. 7 (2019): 532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10070532.

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Research Highlights: This research highlights the importance of environmental gradients in shaping tree growth responses to global change drivers and the difficulty of attributing impacts to a single directional driver. Background and Objectives: Temperature increases associated with climate change might strongly influence tree growth and forest productivity in temperate forest species. However, the direction and intensity of these effects at the dry edge of species range are still unclear, particularly given the interaction between local factors and other global change drivers such as land us

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Chen, Ming, Xiao Dong Hu, Hong Yang Zhao, and Dong Ying Ju. "Optimization of Process Parameters for Unidirectional Solidification of Magnesium Alloy." Materials Science Forum 750 (March 2013): 228–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.750.228.

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The unidirectional solidification process of magnesium alloy needs to establish a specific temperature gradient in casting mold, the direction of crystal growth and heat flow are in the opposite direction in the unidirectional solidification. The process can better control the grain orientation, and eliminate the horizontal grain boundary, so to attain columnar grain structure and excellent performance of magnesium alloy. In this paper, Numerical simulation is carried out by orthogonal experiments in order to obtain the optimal process parameters according to the actual experimental device. Di

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Hall, D. L., M. L. Duldig, and J. E. Humble. "The North–South Anisotropy and the Radial Density Gradient of Galactic Cosmic Rays at 1 AU." Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia 12, no. 2 (1995): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1323358000020191.

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AbstractThe radial density gradient (Gr) of Galactic cosmic rays in the ecliptic plane points outward from the Sun. This indicates an increasing density of cosmic ray particles beyond the Earth’s orbit. Due to this gradient and the direction of the Sun’s interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) above and below the IMF wavy neutral sheet, there exists an anisotropic flow of cosmic ray particles approximately perpendicular to the ecliptic plane (i.e. in the direction parallel to BIMF × Gr). This effect is called the north–south anisotropy (ξNS) and manifests as a diurnal variation in sidereal time in

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Han, Hao, Jin Liu, Wei Wang, Chao Gao, and Jianhua Shi. "An Improved CNN for Polarization Direction Measurement." Electronics 12, no. 17 (2023): 3723. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12173723.

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Spatially polarization modulation has been proven to be an efficient and simple method for polarization measurement. Since the polarization information is encoded in the intensity distribution of the modulated light, the task of polarization measurement can be treated as the image processing problem, while the pattern of the light is captured by a camera. However, classical image processing methods could not meet the increasing demand of practical applications due to their poor computational efficiency. To address this issue, in this paper, an improved Convolutional Neural Network is proposed

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Liu, Liqi, Rongguo Zhang, Xinyue Ni, Liyuan Li, Xiaofeng Su, and Fansheng Chen. "Fusing Gradient, Intensity Accumulation, and Region Contrast for Robust Infrared Dim-Small Target Detection." Applied Sciences 15, no. 6 (2025): 3373. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15063373.

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Existing infrared small target detection methods often fail due to limited exploitation of spatiotemporal information, leading to missed detections and false alarms. To address these limitations, we propose a novel framework called Spatial–Temporal Fusion Detection (STFD), which synergistically integrates three original components: gradient-enhanced spatial contrast, adaptive temporal intensity accumulation, and temporal regional contrast. In the temporal domain, we introduce Temporal Regional Contrast (TRC), the first method to quantify target-background dissimilarity through adaptive region-

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